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Innovative Solutions to Sticky Situations: Antiadhesive Strategies for Treating Bacterial Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 4. [PMID: 27227305 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.vmbf-0023-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adherence to host tissue is an essential process in pathogenesis, necessary for invasion and colonization and often required for the efficient delivery of toxins and other bacterial effectors. As existing treatment options for common bacterial infections dwindle, we find ourselves rapidly approaching a tipping point in our confrontation with antibiotic-resistant strains and in desperate need of new treatment options. Bacterial strains defective in adherence are typically avirulent and unable to cause infection in animal models. The importance of this initial binding event in the pathogenic cascade highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic target. This article seeks to highlight a variety of strategies being employed to treat and prevent infection by targeting the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion. Advancements in this area include the development of novel antivirulence therapies using small molecules, vaccines, and peptides to target a variety of bacterial infections. These therapies target bacterial adhesion through a number of mechanisms, including inhibition of pathogen receptor biogenesis, competition-based strategies with receptor and adhesin analogs, and the inhibition of binding through neutralizing antibodies. While this article is not an exhaustive description of every advancement in the field, we hope it will highlight several promising examples of the therapeutic potential of antiadhesive strategies.
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Touaibia M, Krammer EM, Shiao TC, Yamakawa N, Wang Q, Glinschert A, Papadopoulos A, Mousavifar L, Maes E, Oscarson S, Vergoten G, Lensink MF, Roy R, Bouckaert J. Sites for Dynamic Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions of O- and C-Linked Mannosides on the E. coli FimH Adhesin. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071101. [PMID: 28671638 PMCID: PMC6152123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonists of the Escherichia coli type-1 fimbrial adhesin FimH are recognized as attractive alternatives for antibiotic therapies and prophylaxes against acute and recurrent bacterial infections. In this study α-d-mannopyranosides O- or C-linked with an alkyl, alkene, alkyne, thioalkyl, amide, or sulfonamide were investigated to fit a hydrophobic substituent with up to two aryl groups within the tyrosine gate emerging from the mannose-binding pocket of FimH. The results were summarized into a set of structure-activity relationships to be used in FimH-targeted inhibitor design: alkene linkers gave an improved affinity and inhibitory potential, because of their relative flexibility combined with a favourable interaction with isoleucine-52 located in the middle of the tyrosine gate. Of particular interest is a C-linked mannoside, alkene-linked to an ortho-substituted biphenyl that has an affinity similar to its O-mannosidic analog but superior to its para-substituted analog. Docking of its high-resolution NMR solution structure to the FimH adhesin indicated that its ultimate, ortho-placed phenyl ring is able to interact with isoleucine-13, located in the clamp loop that undergoes conformational changes under shear force exerted on the bacteria. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that a subpopulation of the C-mannoside conformers is able to interact in this secondary binding site of FimH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Touaibia
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P. O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Eva-Maria Krammer
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Tze C Shiao
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P. O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Qingan Wang
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P. O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Anja Glinschert
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Alex Papadopoulos
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P. O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Leila Mousavifar
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P. O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Emmanuel Maes
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Vergoten
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marc F Lensink
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P. O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Bergamin PA, Kiosoglous AJ. Non-surgical management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:S142-S152. [PMID: 28791233 PMCID: PMC5522788 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three women will experience a clinically significant urinary tract infection (UTI) by age twenty-four and almost half will have at least one in their lifetime. Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) are defined as having greater than two infections in a 6-month period, or three infections over twelve months, with complete resolution for at least two weeks. These may be due to relapse from incomplete treatment (persistence) or re-infection (new source). It may be difficult to distinguish between the two, where the same organism is cultured. There are several risk factors for rUTIs including an impairment of the body's immune system and virulence factors. Reversible or treatable causes are sought and excluded in the patient's initial review. Patient's with rUTI are often complex and difficult to manage. The long-term management options in women are multimodal and should focus on prevention of relapse and recurrence. Behavioural factors include adequate hydration, care with sexual hygiene, reducing one's body mass index (BMI) and post-void residual (PVR) volume. There are several non-antimicrobial options for rUTIs which have become a multi-billion-dollar business. Unfortunately, there are numerous studies which fail to show any major benefit or having conflicting data. Vaccines are currently being explored as a prevention strategy, delivered through injection, intra-nasal sprays, or vaginal suppositories, which are made from combinations of heat killed uro-pathogenic strains. There are no widely available vaccines at present due to limited clinical success. It is well established that appropriate antibiotic therapy results in higher rates of symptom relief and bacterial eradication in women with uncomplicated cystitis. There are several options for antimicrobial use which have been shown to be highly effective in reducing the risk of rUTI in women. The pain and discomfort of the UTI must be balanced with the cost and risk of developing resistance when using antimicrobials. Continuous prophylaxis, pre- and post-coital voiding, and self-starting are the three commonly accepted options for prophylaxis. The choice between these will depend upon patient preference, cultures and previous pattern of infection. Intra-vesical instillation of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate have been used for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer replenishment for many indications, including interstitial cystitis, overactive bladder syndrome, radiation cystitis and prevention of rUTI. At present, intra-vesical therapies are reserved for only those with the most unresponsive rUTIs. The principles of treating rUTI are to break the cycle and to treat any reversible causes. With our ever-expanding research knowledge, there are now many useful products that may be used for the successful treatment of rUTI. A management plan including a combination of a non-antimicrobial and selective antimicrobial regime for a minimum of six months should be considered. It is a prudent clinician that clearly defines this management plan, with reassurance of a finite period of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Bergamin
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
- Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Kiosoglous
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
- Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Mydock-McGrane LK, Hannan TJ, Janetka JW. Rational design strategies for FimH antagonists: new drugs on the horizon for urinary tract infection and Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:711-731. [PMID: 28506090 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1331216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bacterial adhesin FimH is a virulence factor and an attractive therapeutic target for urinary tract infection (UTI) and Crohn's Disease (CD). Located on type 1 pili of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), the FimH adhesin plays an integral role in the pathogenesis of UPEC. Recent efforts have culminated in the development of small-molecule mannoside FimH antagonists that target the mannose-binding lectin domain of FimH, inhibiting its function and preventing UPEC from binding mannosylated host cells in the bladder, thereby circumventing infection. Areas covered: The authors describe the structure-guided design of mannoside ligands, and review the structural biology of the FimH lectin domain. Additionally, they discuss the lead optimization of mannosides for therapeutic application in UTI and CD, and describe various assays used to measure mannoside potency in vitro and mouse models used to determine efficacy in vivo. Expert opinion: To date, mannoside optimization has led to a diverse set of small-molecule FimH antagonists with oral bioavailability. With clinical trials already initiated in CD and on the horizon for UTI, it is the authors, opinion that mannosides will be a 'first-in-class' treatment strategy for UTI and CD, and will pave the way for treatment of other Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James W Janetka
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA
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“Living” dynamics of filamentous bacteria on an adherent surface under hydrodynamic exposure. Biointerphases 2017; 12:02C410. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4983150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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56
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Moonens K, Remaut H. Evolution and structural dynamics of bacterial glycan binding adhesins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Garimella PS, Bartz TM, Ix JH, Chonchol M, Shlipak MG, Devarajan P, Bennett MR, Sarnak MJ. Urinary Uromodulin and Risk of Urinary Tract Infections: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 69:744-751. [PMID: 28029393 PMCID: PMC5409878 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory studies suggest that urinary uromodulin, the most common protein in the urine of healthy adults, may protect against urinary tract infection (UTI). Epidemiologic studies evaluating this relationship in humans are lacking. STUDY DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 953 participants enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study. PREDICTOR Uromodulin assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in spot urine samples. OUTCOMES Composite of outpatient UTI events or UTI-related hospitalizations and each of them individually identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes using negative binomial regression with robust standard errors adjusted for age, race, sex, body mass index, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin and urinary creatinine excretion. RESULTS Median uromodulin level was 25.9 (IQR, 17.3-38.9) μg/mL, mean age of participants was 78 years, 61% were women, and 15% were black. There were 331 outpatient UTI events and 87 UTI-related hospitalizations among 186 participants during a median 9.9 years of follow-up. Persons in the highest quartile (>38.93μg/mL) of uromodulin concentration had a significantly lower risk for the composite outcome (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.79) compared with those in the lowest quartile (≤17.26μg/mL). This association remained significant for outpatient UTI events (highest vs lowest quartile even after excluding those with prior UTI: IRR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.77). The direction of association with UTI hospitalization was similar, but not statistically significant (IRR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.39-1.58). LIMITATIONS Use of ICD-9 codes to identify outcomes and lack of generalizability to younger populations. CONCLUSIONS High urinary uromodulin levels are associated with lower risk for UTI in older community-dwelling adults independent of traditional UTI risk factors. This finding supports prior laboratory data indicating a protective role of uromodulin against UTI. Further research is needed to understand if this may lead to new treatments to prevent or treat UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joachim H Ix
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Michael G Shlipak
- San Francisco VA Medical Center and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Alvarez Dorta D, Chalopin T, Sivignon A, de Ruyck J, Dumych TI, Bilyy RO, Deniaud D, Barnich N, Bouckaert J, Gouin SG. Physiochemical Tuning of Potent Escherichia coli Anti-Adhesives by Microencapsulation and Methylene Homologation. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:986-998. [PMID: 28257558 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolylaminomannosides (TazMan) are FimH antagonists with anti-adhesive potential against adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) promoting gut inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. The lead TazMan is highly potent in vitro, but shows limited in vivo efficiency, probably due to low pH stability and water solubility. We recently developed a second generation of stable TazMan, but the anti-adhesive effect was lower than the first. Herein we report a co-crystal structure of the lead TazMan in FimH, revealing that the anomeric NH group and the second thiazole moiety provide a positive hydrogen bonding interaction with a trapped water molecule, and π-stacking with Tyr48 of FimH, respectively. Consequently, we developed NeoTazMan homologated with a methylene group for low-pH and mannosidase stability with a conserved NH group and bearing various heterocyclic aglycones. Microencapsulation of the lead NeoTazMan in γ-cyclodextrin dramatically improved water solubility without disrupting the affinity for FimH or the anti-adhesive effect against AIEC isolated from patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Alvarez Dorta
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Thibaut Chalopin
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme de Ruyck
- Université Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF, FRABio FR3688, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Tetiana I Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav O Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - David Deniaud
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Université Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF, FRABio FR3688, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien G Gouin
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Kalas V, Pinkner JS, Hannan TJ, Hibbing ME, Dodson KW, Holehouse AS, Zhang H, Tolia NH, Gross ML, Pappu RV, Janetka J, Hultgren SJ. Evolutionary fine-tuning of conformational ensembles in FimH during host-pathogen interactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601944. [PMID: 28246638 PMCID: PMC5302871 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Positive selection in the two-domain type 1 pilus adhesin FimH enhances Escherichia coli fitness in urinary tract infection (UTI). We report a comprehensive atomic-level view of FimH in two-state conformational ensembles in solution, composed of one low-affinity tense (T) and multiple high-affinity relaxed (R) conformations. Positively selected residues allosterically modulate the equilibrium between these two conformational states, each of which engages mannose through distinct binding orientations. A FimH variant that only adopts the R state is severely attenuated early in a mouse model of uncomplicated UTI but is proficient at colonizing catheterized bladders in vivo or bladder transitional-like epithelial cells in vitro. Thus, the bladder habitat has barrier(s) to R state-mediated colonization possibly conferred by the terminally differentiated bladder epithelium and/or decoy receptors in urine. Together, our studies reveal the conformational landscape in solution, binding mechanisms, and adhesive strength of an allosteric two-domain adhesin that evolved "moderate" affinity to optimize persistence in the bladder during UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Kalas
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hannan
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael E. Hibbing
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen W. Dodson
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alex S. Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Niraj H. Tolia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rohit V. Pappu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - James Janetka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Rabbani S, Krammer EM, Roos G, Zalewski A, Preston R, Eid S, Zihlmann P, Prévost M, Lensink MF, Thompson A, Ernst B, Bouckaert J. Mutation of Tyr137 of the universal Escherichia coli fimbrial adhesin FimH relaxes the tyrosine gate prior to mannose binding. IUCRJ 2017; 4:7-23. [PMID: 28250938 PMCID: PMC5331462 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516016675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases manifested by Escherichia coli are acute and recurrent bladder infections and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease. E. coli clinical isolates express the FimH adhesin, which consists of a mannose-specific lectin domain connected via a pilin domain to the tip of type 1 pili. Although the isolated FimH lectin domain has affinities in the nanomolar range for all high-mannosidic glycans, differentiation between these glycans is based on their capacity to form predominantly hydrophobic interactions within the tyrosine gate at the entrance to the binding pocket. In this study, novel crystal structures of tyrosine-gate mutants of FimH, ligand-free or in complex with heptyl α-d-O-mannopyranoside or 4-biphenyl α-d-O-mannopyranoside, are combined with quantum-mechanical calculations and molecular-dynamics simulations. In the Y48A FimH crystal structure, a large increase in the dynamics of the alkyl chain of heptyl α-d-O-mannopyranoside attempts to compensate for the absence of the aromatic ring; however, the highly energetic and stringent mannose-binding pocket of wild-type FimH is largely maintained. The Y137A mutation, on the other hand, is the most detrimental to FimH affinity and specificity: (i) in the absence of ligand the FimH C-terminal residue Thr158 intrudes into the mannose-binding pocket and (ii) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid interacts strongly with Glu50, Thr53 and Asn136, in spite of multiple dialysis and purification steps. Upon mutation, pre-ligand-binding relaxation of the backbone dihedral angles at position 137 in the tyrosine gate and their coupling to Tyr48 via the interiorly located Ile52 form the basis of the loss of affinity of the FimH adhesin in the Y137A mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Rabbani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva-Maria Krammer
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF (Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle), 59000 Lille, France
- Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Goedele Roos
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF (Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle), 59000 Lille, France
- Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adam Zalewski
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Preston
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sameh Eid
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Zihlmann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martine Prévost
- Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc F. Lensink
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF (Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme de Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF (Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle), 59000 Lille, France
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61
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Ladevèze S, Laville E, Despres J, Mosoni P, Potocki-Véronèse G. Mannoside recognition and degradation by bacteria. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1969-1990. [PMID: 27995767 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannosides constitute a vast group of glycans widely distributed in nature. Produced by almost all organisms, these carbohydrates are involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell structuration, protein maturation and signalling, mediation of protein-protein interactions and cell recognition. The ubiquitous presence of mannosides in the environment means they are a reliable source of carbon and energy for bacteria, which have developed complex strategies to harvest them. This review focuses on the various mannosides that can be found in nature and details their structure. It underlines their involvement in cellular interactions and finally describes the latest discoveries regarding the catalytic machinery and metabolic pathways that bacteria have developed to metabolize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ladevèze
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Laville
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Jordane Despres
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
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62
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, affecting millions of people every year. UTI cause significant morbidity in women throughout their lifespan, in infant boys, in older men, in individuals with underlying urinary tract abnormalities, and in those that require long-term urethral catheterization, such as patients with spinal cord injuries or incapacitated individuals living in nursing homes. Serious sequelae include frequent recurrences, pyelonephritis with sepsis, renal damage in young children, pre-term birth, and complications of frequent antimicrobial use including high-level antibiotic resistance and Clostridium difficile colitis. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) cause the vast majority of UTI, but less common pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis and other enterococci frequently take advantage of an abnormal or catheterized urinary tract to cause opportunistic infections. While antibiotic therapy has historically been very successful in controlling UTI, the high rate of recurrence remains a major problem, and many individuals suffer from chronically recurring UTI, requiring long-term prophylactic antibiotic regimens to prevent recurrent UTI. Furthermore, the global emergence of multi-drug resistant UPEC in the past ten years spotlights the need for alternative therapeutic and preventative strategies to combat UTI, including anti-infective drug therapies and vaccines. In this chapter, we review recent advances in the field of UTI pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the identification of promising drug and vaccine targets. We then discuss the development of new UTI drugs and vaccines, highlighting the challenges these approaches face and the need for a greater understanding of urinary tract mucosal immunity.
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63
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Feenstra T, Thøgersen MS, Wieser E, Peschel A, Ball MJ, Brandes R, Satchell SC, Stockner T, Aarestrup FM, Rees AJ, Kain R. Adhesion of Escherichia coli under flow conditions reveals potential novel effects of FimH mutations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:467-478. [PMID: 27816993 PMCID: PMC5309269 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
FimH-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to bladder epithelium is a prerequisite for urinary tract infections. FimH is also essential for blood-borne bacterial dissemination, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different FimH mutations on bacterial adhesion using a novel adhesion assay, which models the physiological flow conditions bacteria are exposed to. We introduced 12 different point mutations in the mannose binding pocket of FimH in an E. coli strain expressing type 1 fimbriae only (MSC95-FimH). We compared the bacterial adhesion of each mutant across several commonly used adhesion assays, including agglutination of yeast, adhesion to mono- and tri-mannosylated substrates, and static adhesion to bladder epithelial and endothelial cells. We performed a comparison of these assays to a novel method that we developed to study bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells under flow conditions. We showed that E. coli MSC95-FimH adheres more efficiently to microvascular endothelium than to bladder epithelium, and that only endothelium supports adhesion at physiological shear stress. The results confirmed that mannose binding pocket mutations abrogated adhesion. We demonstrated that FimH residues E50 and T53 are crucial for adhesion under flow conditions. The coating of endothelial cells on biochips and modelling of physiological flow conditions enabled us to identify FimH residues crucial for adhesion. These results provide novel insights into screening methods to determine the effect of FimH mutants and potentially FimH antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Feenstra
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - M S Thøgersen
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bacterial Ecophysiology and Biotechnology Group, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet 301, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E Wieser
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Peschel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - M J Ball
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Nephrology, Ipswich Hospital, Heath Road, Ipswich, IP4 5PD, UK
| | - R Brandes
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - S C Satchell
- Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - T Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - F M Aarestrup
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A J Rees
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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64
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Molecular simulations of lactose-bound and unbound forms of the FaeG adhesin reveal critical amino acids involved in sugar binding. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 70:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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65
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Conover MS, Ruer S, Taganna J, Kalas V, De Greve H, Pinkner JS, Dodson KW, Remaut H, Hultgren SJ. Inflammation-Induced Adhesin-Receptor Interaction Provides a Fitness Advantage to Uropathogenic E. coli during Chronic Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:482-492. [PMID: 27667696 PMCID: PMC5294914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the dominant cause of urinary tract infections, clinically described as cystitis. UPEC express CUP pili, which are extracellular fibers tipped with adhesins that bind mucosal surfaces of the urinary tract. Here we identify the role of the F9/Yde/Fml pilus for UPEC persistence in the inflamed urothelium. The Fml adhesin FmlH binds galactose β1-3 N-acetylgalactosamine found in core-1 and -2 O-glycans. Deletion of fmlH had no effect on UPEC virulence in an acute mouse model of cystitis. However, FmlH provided a fitness advantage during chronic cystitis, which is manifested as persistent bacteriuria, high bladder bacterial burdens, and chronic inflammation. In situ binding confirmed that FmlH bound avidly to the inflamed, but not the naive bladder. In accordance with its pathogenic profile, vaccination with FmlH significantly protected mice from chronic cystitis. Thus, UPEC employ separate CUP pili to adapt to the rapidly changing niche during bladder infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S Conover
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ségolène Ruer
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joemar Taganna
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vasilios Kalas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jerome S Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen W Dodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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66
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Pakharukova N, Roy S, Tuittila M, Rahman MM, Paavilainen S, Ingars AK, Skaldin M, Lamminmäki U, Härd T, Teneberg S, Zavialov AV. Structural basis for Myf and Psa fimbriae-mediated tropism of pathogenic strains of Yersinia for host tissues. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:593-610. [PMID: 27507539 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three pathogenic species of the genus Yersinia assemble adhesive fimbriae via the FGL-chaperone/usher pathway. Closely related Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis elaborate the pH6 antigen (Psa), which mediates bacterial attachment to alveolar cells of the lung. Y. enterocolitica, instead, assembles the homologous fimbriae Myf of unknown function. Here, we discovered that Myf, like Psa, specifically recognizes β1-3- or β1-4-linked galactose in glycosphingolipids, but completely lacks affinity for phosphatidylcholine, the main receptor for Psa in alveolar cells. The crystal structure of a subunit of Psa (PsaA) complexed with choline together with mutagenesis experiments revealed that PsaA has four phosphatidylcholine binding pockets that enable super-high-avidity binding of Psa-fibres to cell membranes. The pockets are arranged as six tyrosine residues, which are all missing in the MyfA subunit of Myf. Conversely, the crystal structure of the MyfA-galactose complex revealed that the galactose-binding site is more extended in MyfA, enabling tighter binding to lactosyl moieties. Our results suggest that during evolution, Psa has acquired a tyrosine-rich surface that enables it to bind to phosphatidylcholine and mediate adhesion of Y. pestis/pseudotuberculosis to alveolar cells, whereas Myf has specialized as a carbohydrate-binding adhesin, facilitating the attachment of Y. enterocolitica to intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pakharukova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Saumendra Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentre, P.O. BOX 7016, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Minna Tuittila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Mohammad M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Sari Paavilainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Ingars
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O. BOX 440, Göteborg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Maksym Skaldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland.,Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, 20014, Finland
| | - Torleif Härd
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentre, P.O. BOX 7016, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O. BOX 440, Göteborg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Anton V Zavialov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCentre, P.O. BOX 7016, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
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67
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Jahnke JP, Terrell JL, Smith AM, Cheng X, Stratis-Cullum DN. Influences of Adhesion Variability on the "Living" Dynamics of Filamentous Bacteria in Microfluidic Channels. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080985. [PMID: 27483214 PMCID: PMC6274349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfabricated devices have increasingly incorporated bacterial cells for microscale studies and exploiting cell-based functions in situ. However, the role of surface interactions in controlling the bacterial cell behavior is not well understood. In this study, microfluidic substrates of varied bacterial-binding affinity were used to probe the interaction-driven behavior of filamentous Escherichia coli. In particular, cell alignment under controlled shear flow as well as subsequent orientation and filamentation were compared between cells presenting distinct outer membrane phenotypes. We demonstrated that filaments retained position under flow, which allowed for dynamic single-cell monitoring with in situ elongation of over 100 μm for adherent cells. This maximum was not reached by planktonic cells and was, therefore, adhesion-dependent. The bound filaments initially aligned with flow under a range of flow rates and their continual elongation was traced in terms of length and growth path; analysis demonstrated that fimbriae-mediated adhesion increased growth rate, increased terminal length, as well as dramatically changed the adherent geometry, particularly buckling behavior. The effects to filament length and buckling were further exaggerated by the strongest, specificity-driven adhesion tested. Such surface-guided control of the elongation process may be valuable to yield interesting “living” filamentous structures in microdevices. In addition, this work may offer a biomedically relevant platform for further elucidation of filamentation as an immune-resistant morphology. Overall, this work should inspire broader exploration of microfabricated devices for the study and application of single bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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68
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Sattin S, Bernardi A. Glycoconjugates and Glycomimetics as Microbial Anti-Adhesives. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:483-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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69
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de Ruyck J, Lensink MF, Bouckaert J. Structures of C-mannosylated anti-adhesives bound to the type 1 fimbrial FimH adhesin. IUCRJ 2016; 3:163-7. [PMID: 27158502 PMCID: PMC4856138 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of the type 1 fimbrial adhesin FimH are recognized as attractive alternatives for antibiotic therapies and prophylaxes against Escherichia coli infections such as urinary-tract infections. To construct these inhibitors, the α-d-mannopyranoside of high-mannose N-glycans, recognized with exclusive specificity on glycoprotein receptors by FimH, forms the basal structure. A hydrophobic aglycon is then linked to the mannose by the O1 oxygen inherently present in the α-anomeric configuration. Substitution of this O atom by a carbon introduces a C-glycosidic bond, which may enhance the therapeutic potential of such compounds owing to the inability of enzymes to degrade C-glycosidic bonds. Here, the first crystal structures of the E. coli FimH adhesin in complex with C-glycosidically linked mannopyranosides are presented. These findings explain the role of the spacer in positioning biphenyl ligands for interactions by means of aromatic stacking in the tyrosine gate of FimH and how the normally hydrated C-glycosidic link is tolerated. As these new compounds can bind FimH, it can be assumed that they have the potential to serve as potent new antagonists of FimH, paving the way for the design of a new family of anti-adhesive compounds against urinary-tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome de Ruyck
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF–Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc F. Lensink
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF–Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF–Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
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70
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Eris D, Preston RC, Scharenberg M, Hulliger F, Abgottspon D, Pang L, Jiang X, Schwardt O, Ernst B. The Conformational Variability of FimH: Which Conformation Represents the Therapeutic Target? Chembiochem 2016; 17:1012-20. [PMID: 26991759 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FimH is a bacterial lectin found at the tips of type 1 pili of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). It mediates shear-enhanced adhesion to mannosylated surfaces. Binding of UPEC to urothelial cells initiates the infection cycle leading to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Antiadhesive glycomimetics based on α-d-mannopyranose offer an attractive alternative to the conventional antibiotic treatment because they do not induce a selection pressure and are therefore expected to have a reduced resistance potential. Genetic variation of the fimH gene in clinically isolated UPEC has been associated with distinct mannose binding phenotypes. For this reason, we investigated the mannose binding characteristics of four FimH variants with mannose-based ligands under static and hydrodynamic conditions. The selected FimH variants showed individually different binding behavior under both sets of conditions as a result of the conformational variability of FimH. Clinically relevant FimH variants typically exist in a dynamic conformational equilibrium. Additionally, we evaluated inhibitory potencies of four FimH antagonists representing different structural classes. Inhibitory potencies of three of the tested antagonists were dependent on the binding phenotype and hence on the conformational equilibrium of the FimH variant. However, the squarate derivative was the notable exception and inhibited FimH variants irrespective of their binding phenotype. Information on antagonist affinities towards various FimH variants has remained largely unconsidered despite being essential for successful antiadhesion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Eris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland C Preston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meike Scharenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Hulliger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Abgottspon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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71
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Loke I, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Emerging roles of protein mannosylation in inflammation and infection. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:31-55. [PMID: 27086127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are frequently modified by complex carbohydrates (glycans) that play central roles in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues in humans and lower organisms. Mannose forms an essential building block of protein glycosylation, and its functional involvement as components of larger and diverse α-mannosidic glycoepitopes in important intra- and intercellular glycoimmunological processes is gaining recognition. With a focus on the mannose-rich asparagine (N-linked) glycosylation type, this review summarises the increasing volume of literature covering human and non-human protein mannosylation, including their structures, biosynthesis and spatiotemporal expression. The review also covers their known interactions with specialised host and microbial mannose-recognising C-type lectin receptors (mrCLRs) and antibodies (mrAbs) during inflammation and pathogen infection. Advances in molecular mapping technologies have recently revealed novel immuno-centric mannose-terminating truncated N-glycans, termed paucimannosylation, on human proteins. The cellular presentation of α-mannosidic glycoepitopes on N-glycoproteins appears tightly regulated; α-mannose determinants are relative rare glycoepitopes in physiological extracellular environments, but may be actively secreted or leaked from cells to transmit potent signals when required. Simultaneously, our understanding of the molecular basis on the recognition of mannosidic epitopes by mrCLRs including DC-SIGN, mannose receptor, mannose binding lectin and mrAb is rapidly advancing, together with the functional implications of these interactions in facilitating an effective immune response during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Ultimately, deciphering these complex mannose-based receptor-ligand interactions at the detailed molecular level will significantly advance our understanding of immunological disorders and infectious diseases, promoting the development of future therapeutics to improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Loke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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72
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Szunerits S, Barras A, Boukherroub R. Antibacterial Applications of Nanodiamonds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:413. [PMID: 27077871 PMCID: PMC4847075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infectious diseases, sharing clinical characteristics such as chronic inflammation and tissue damage, pose a major threat to human health. The steady increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections adds up to the current problems modern healthcare is facing. The treatment of bacterial infections with multi-resistant germs is very difficult, as the development of new antimicrobial drugs is hardly catching up with the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens. These and other considerations have generated an increased interest in the development of viable alternatives to antibiotics. A promising strategy is the use of nanomaterials with antibacterial character and of nanostructures displaying anti-adhesive activity against biofilms. Glycan-modified nanodiamonds (NDs) revealed themselves to be of great promise as useful nanostructures for combating microbial infections. This review summarizes the current efforts in the synthesis of glycan-modified ND particles and evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Szunerits
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, University Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré-BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, University Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré-BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, University Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré-BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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73
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Alvarez Dorta D, Sivignon A, Chalopin T, Dumych TI, Roos G, Bilyy RO, Deniaud D, Krammer EM, de Ruyck J, Lensink MF, Bouckaert J, Barnich N, Gouin SG. The Antiadhesive Strategy in Crohn's Disease: Orally Active Mannosides to Decolonize Pathogenic Escherichia coli from the Gut. Chembiochem 2016; 17:936-52. [PMID: 26946458 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the adherence of bacteria to cells is an attractive complementary approach to current antibiotic treatments, which are faced with increasing resistance. This strategy has been particularly studied in the context of urinary tract infections (UTIs), in which the adhesion of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains to uroepithelial cells is prevented by blocking the FimH adhesin expressed at the tips of bacteria organelles called fimbriae. Recently, we extended the antiadhesive concept, showing that potent FimH antagonists can block the attachment of adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) colonizing the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). In this work, we designed a small library of analogues of heptyl mannoside (HM), a previously identified nanomolar FimH inhibitor, but one that displays poor antiadhesive effects in vivo. The anomeric oxygen atom was replaced by a sulfur or a methylene group to prevent hydrolysis by intestinal glycosidases, and chemical groups were attached at the end of the alkyl tail. Importantly, a lead compound was shown to reduce AIEC levels in the feces and in the colonic and ileal mucosa after oral administration (10 mg kg(-1) ) in a transgenic mouse model of CD. The compound showed a low bioavailability, preferable in this instance, thus suggesting the possibility of setting up an innovative antiadhesive therapy, based on the water-soluble and non-cytotoxic FimH antagonists developed here, for the CD subpopulation in which AIEC plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Alvarez Dorta
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thibaut Chalopin
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Tetiana I Dumych
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Goedele Roos
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rostyslav O Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - David Deniaud
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Eva-Maria Krammer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jérome de Ruyck
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marc F Lensink
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien G Gouin
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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74
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Kovač V, Ribić R, Peroković VP, Tomić S, Barišić L. Synthesis, spectral characterization and inhibitory potency of ferrocene-containing mannosides towards type 1 fimbriatedEscherichia coli. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kovač
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Rosana Ribić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vesna Petrović Peroković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a Zagreb Croatia
| | - Srđanka Tomić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a Zagreb Croatia
| | - Lidija Barišić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb Croatia
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75
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Differentiation of Crohn's Disease-Associated Isolates from Other Pathogenic Escherichia coli by Fimbrial Adhesion under Shear Force. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5020014. [PMID: 27043645 PMCID: PMC4929528 DOI: 10.3390/biology5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Shear force exerted on uropathogenic Escherichia coli adhering to surfaces makes type-1 fimbriae stretch out like springs to catch on to mannosidic receptors. This mechanism is initiated by a disruption of the quaternary interactions between the lectin and the pilin of the two-domain FimH adhesin and transduces allosterically to the mannose-binding pocket of FimH to increase its affinity. Mannose-specific adhesion of 14 E. coli pathovars was measured under flow, using surface plasmon resonance detection on functionalized graphene-coated gold interfaces. Increasing the shear had important differential consequences on bacterial adhesion. Adherent-invasive E. coli, isolated from the feces and biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients, consistently changed their adhesion behavior less under shear and displayed lower SPR signals, compared to E. coli opportunistically infecting the urinary tract, intestines or loci of knee and hip prostheses. We exemplified this further with the extreme behaviors of the reference strains UTI89 and LF82. Whereas their FimA major pilins have identical sequences, FimH of LF82 E. coli is marked by the Thr158Pro mutation. Positioned in the inter-domain region known to carry hot spots of mutations in E. coli pathotypes, residue 158 is indicated to play a structural role in the allosteric regulation of type-1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion.
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76
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Sauer MM, Jakob RP, Eras J, Baday S, Eriş D, Navarra G, Bernèche S, Ernst B, Maier T, Glockshuber R. Catch-bond mechanism of the bacterial adhesin FimH. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10738. [PMID: 26948702 PMCID: PMC4786642 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand–receptor interactions that are reinforced by mechanical stress, so-called catch-bonds, play a major role in cell–cell adhesion. They critically contribute to widespread urinary tract infections by pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These pathogens attach to host epithelia via the adhesin FimH, a two-domain protein at the tip of type I pili recognizing terminal mannoses on epithelial glycoproteins. Here we establish peptide-complemented FimH as a model system for fimbrial FimH function. We reveal a three-state mechanism of FimH catch-bond formation based on crystal structures of all states, kinetic analysis of ligand interaction and molecular dynamics simulations. In the absence of tensile force, the FimH pilin domain allosterically accelerates spontaneous ligand dissociation from the FimH lectin domain by 100,000-fold, resulting in weak affinity. Separation of the FimH domains under stress abolishes allosteric interplay and increases the affinity of the lectin domain. Cell tracking demonstrates that rapid ligand dissociation from FimH supports motility of piliated E. coli on mannosylated surfaces in the absence of shear force. Catch bonds have a role in bacterial adhesion and infection by uropathogenic E. coli. Here, the authors report crystal structures, molecular dynamics simulations, ligand binding analysis and cell tracking to characterise the catch bond interaction between the adhesin FimH and carbohydrate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH, Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Eras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH, Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sefer Baday
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Eriş
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Navarra
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bernèche
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Maier
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH, Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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77
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Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-016-0351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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78
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Mydock-McGrane LK, Cusumano ZT, Janetka JW. Mannose-derived FimH antagonists: a promising anti-virulence therapeutic strategy for urinary tract infections and Crohn’s disease. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:175-97. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1131266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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79
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Chalopin T, Alvarez Dorta D, Sivignon A, Caudan M, Dumych TI, Bilyy RO, Deniaud D, Barnich N, Bouckaert J, Gouin SG. Second generation of thiazolylmannosides, FimH antagonists for E. coli-induced Crohn's disease. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3913-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical stability of potentE. colianti-adhesives was improved by substitution of the anomeric nitrogen by short linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Chalopin
- LUNAM Université
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
| | - D. Alvarez Dorta
- LUNAM Université
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
| | - A. Sivignon
- Clermont Université
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne
- 63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - M. Caudan
- LUNAM Université
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
| | - T. I. Dumych
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF)
- UMR 8576 du CNRS
- F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - R. O. Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
- Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - D. Deniaud
- LUNAM Université
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
| | - N. Barnich
- Clermont Université
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne
- 63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - J. Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF)
- UMR 8576 du CNRS
- F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - S. G. Gouin
- LUNAM Université
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité
- Synthèse
- Analyse
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80
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Development of Heptylmannoside-Based Glycoconjugate Antiadhesive Compounds against Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Bacteria Associated with Crohn's Disease. mBio 2015; 6:e01298-15. [PMID: 26578673 PMCID: PMC4659459 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01298-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ileal lesions of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients are colonized by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria. These bacteria adhere to mannose residues expressed by CEACAM6 on host cells in a type 1 pilus-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated different antagonists of FimH, the adhesin of type 1 pili, for their ability to block AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Monovalent and multivalent derivatives of n-heptyl α-d-mannoside (HM), a nanomolar antagonist of FimH, were tested in vitro in IEC infected with the AIEC LF82 strain and in vivo by oral administration to CEACAM6-expressing mice infected with LF82 bacteria. In vitro, multivalent derivatives were more potent than the monovalent derivatives, with a gain of efficacy superior to their valencies, probably owing to their ability to form bacterial aggregates. Of note, HM and the multi-HM glycoconjugates exhibited lower efficacy in vivo in decreasing LF82 gut colonization. Interestingly, HM analogues functionalized with an isopropylamide (1A-HM) or β-cyclodextrin pharmacophore at the end of the heptyl tail (1CD-HM) exerted beneficial effects in vivo. These two compounds strongly decreased the amount of LF82 bacteria in the feces of mice and that of bacteria associated with the gut mucosa when administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight after infection. Importantly, signs of colitis and intestinal inflammation induced by LF82 infection were also prevented. These results highlight the potential of the antiadhesive compounds to treat CD patients abnormally colonized by AIEC bacteria and point to an alternative to the current approach focusing on blocking proinflammatory mediators. Current treatments for Crohn’s disease (CD), including immunosuppressive agents, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) and anti-integrin antibodies, focus on the symptoms but not on the cause of the disease. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria abnormally colonize the ileal mucosa of CD patients via the interaction of the mannose-specific adhesin FimH of type 1 pili with CEACAM6 mannosylated proteins expressed on the epithelial cell surface. Thus, we decided to develop an antiadhesive strategy based on synthetic FimH antagonists specifically targeting AIEC bacteria that would decrease intestinal inflammation. Heptylmannoside (HM)-based glycocompounds strongly inhibit AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. The antiadhesive effect of two of these compounds of relatively simple chemical structure was also observed in vivo in AIEC-infected CEACAM6-expressing mice and was associated with a reduction in the signs of colitis. These results suggest a new therapeutic approach for CD patients colonized by AIEC bacteria, based on the development of synthetic FimH antagonists.
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81
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Chahales P, Thanassi DG. Structure, Function, and Assembly of Adhesive Organelles by Uropathogenic Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2015; 3:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0018-2013. [PMID: 26542038 PMCID: PMC4638162 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.uti-0018-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria assemble a wide range of adhesive proteins, termed adhesins, to mediate binding to receptors and colonization of surfaces. For pathogenic bacteria, adhesins are critical for early stages of infection, allowing the bacteria to initiate contact with host cells, colonize different tissues, and establish a foothold within the host. The adhesins expressed by a pathogen are also critical for bacterial-bacterial interactions and the formation of bacterial communities, including biofilms. The ability to adhere to host tissues is particularly important for bacteria that colonize sites such as the urinary tract, where the flow of urine functions to maintain sterility by washing away non-adherent pathogens. Adhesins vary from monomeric proteins that are directly anchored to the bacterial surface to polymeric, hair-like fibers that extend out from the cell surface. These latter fibers are termed pili or fimbriae, and were among the first identified virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Studies since then have identified a range of both pilus and non-pilus adhesins that contribute to bacterial colonization of the urinary tract, and have revealed molecular details of the structures, assembly pathways, and functions of these adhesive organelles. In this review, we describe the different types of adhesins expressed by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens, what is known about their structures, how they are assembled on the bacterial surface, and the functions of specific adhesins in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chahales
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - David G Thanassi
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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82
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Kisiela DI, Avagyan H, Friend D, Jalan A, Gupta S, Interlandi G, Liu Y, Tchesnokova V, Rodriguez VB, Sumida JP, Strong RK, Wu XR, Thomas WE, Sokurenko EV. Inhibition and Reversal of Microbial Attachment by an Antibody with Parasteric Activity against the FimH Adhesin of Uropathogenic E. coli. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004857. [PMID: 25974133 PMCID: PMC4431754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment proteins from the surface of eukaryotic cells, bacteria and viruses are critical receptors in cell adhesion or signaling and are primary targets for the development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. It is proposed that the ligand-binding pocket in receptor proteins can shift between inactive and active conformations with weak and strong ligand-binding capability, respectively. Here, using monoclonal antibodies against a vaccine target protein - fimbrial adhesin FimH of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, we demonstrate that unusually strong receptor inhibition can be achieved by antibody that binds within the binding pocket and displaces the ligand in a non-competitive way. The non-competitive antibody binds to a loop that interacts with the ligand in the active conformation of the pocket but is shifted away from ligand in the inactive conformation. We refer to this as a parasteric inhibition, where the inhibitor binds adjacent to the ligand in the binding pocket. We showed that the receptor-blocking mechanism of parasteric antibody differs from that of orthosteric inhibition, where the inhibitor replaces the ligand or allosteric inhibition where the inhibitor binds at a site distant from the ligand, and is very potent in blocking bacterial adhesion, dissolving surface-adherent biofilms and protecting mice from urinary bladder infection. A common approach in the development of selective inhibitors for ligand-receptor interactions is targeting the receptor binding site with the expectation that inhibitors will sterically interfere with ligand binding and thus block receptor function via a competitive (orthosteric) mechanism. However, using monoclonal antibodies specific for the mannose-binding Escherichia coli adhesin, FimH, we demonstrate that the binding site epitopes allow for non-competitive inhibition that is more effective than orthosteric blocking. FimH, similar to other binding proteins, exhibits conformational flexibility of the ligand-binding pocket shifting between open (inactive) and tight (active) conformations, with relatively low- and high- affinity towards mannose. We show that an antibody that binds just one of the mannose-binding pocket loops prevents the shift from the inactive to the active conformation and hence blocks formation of high-affinity ligand-receptor complexes. This antibody type was more effective in inhibition of bacterial adhesion than anti-FimH antibodies competitively blocking mannose binding, and unlike the latter or a soluble ligand, showed the ability to detach an established bacterial biofilm from a ligand-coated surface. As the newly described antibody can bind the FimH pocket simultaneously with ligand, we refer to it as a parasteric (next-to-ligand) inhibitor that exhibits non-competitive inhibition from within the binding-pocket of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara I. Kisiela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DIK); (EVS)
| | - Hovhannes Avagyan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Della Friend
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aachal Jalan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shivani Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gianluca Interlandi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Veronika Tchesnokova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Victoria B. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John P. Sumida
- Analytical Biopharmacy Core, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roland K. Strong
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy E. Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Evgeni V. Sokurenko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DIK); (EVS)
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83
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Fiege B, Rabbani S, Preston RC, Jakob RP, Zihlmann P, Schwardt O, Jiang X, Maier T, Ernst B. The tyrosine gate of the bacterial lectin FimH: a conformational analysis by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1235-46. [PMID: 25940742 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic E. coli are among the most prevalent infectious diseases. The mannose-specific lectin FimH mediates the adhesion of the bacteria to the urothelium, thus enabling host cell invasion and recurrent infections. An attractive alternative to antibiotic treatment is the development of FimH antagonists that mimic the physiological ligand. A large variety of candidate drugs have been developed and characterized by means of in vitro studies and animal models. Here we present the X-ray co-crystal structures of FimH with members of four antagonist classes. In three of these cases no structural data had previously been available. We used NMR spectroscopy to characterize FimH-antagonist interactions further by chemical shift perturbation. The analysis allowed a clear determination of the conformation of the tyrosine gate motif that is crucial for the interaction with aglycone moieties and was not obvious from X-ray structural data alone. Finally, ITC experiments provided insight into the thermodynamics of antagonist binding. In conjunction with the structural information from X-ray and NMR experiments the results provide a mechanism for the often-observed enthalpy-entropy compensation of FimH antagonists that plays a role in fine-tuning of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fiege
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Said Rabbani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Roland C Preston
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Pascal Zihlmann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Timm Maier
- Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel (Switzerland).
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland).
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84
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Kleeb S, Pang L, Mayer K, Eris D, Sigl A, Preston RC, Zihlmann P, Sharpe T, Jakob RP, Abgottspon D, Hutter AS, Scharenberg M, Jiang X, Navarra G, Rabbani S, Smiesko M, Lüdin N, Bezençon J, Schwardt O, Maier T, Ernst B. FimH antagonists: bioisosteres to improve the in vitro and in vivo PK/PD profile. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2221-39. [PMID: 25666045 DOI: 10.1021/jm501524q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), belong to the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. The attachment of UPEC to host cells is mediated by FimH, a mannose-binding adhesin at the tip of bacterial type 1 pili. To date, UTIs are mainly treated with antibiotics, leading to the ubiquitous problem of increasing resistance against most of the currently available antimicrobials. Therefore, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Here, we describe the development of an orally available FimH antagonist. Starting from the carboxylate substituted biphenyl α-d-mannoside 9, affinity and the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters (solubility, permeability, renal excretion) were substantially improved by a bioisosteric approach. With 3'-chloro-4'-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)biphenyl-4-carbonitrile (10j) a FimH antagonist with an optimal in vitro PK/PD profile was identified. Orally applied, 10j was effective in a mouse model of UTI by reducing the bacterial load in the bladder by about 1000-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kleeb
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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85
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Khanal M, Larsonneur F, Raks V, Barras A, Baumann JS, Martin FA, Boukherroub R, Ghigo JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Zaitsev V, Garcia Fernandez JM, Beloin C, Siriwardena A, Szunerits S. Inhibition of type 1 fimbriae-mediated Escherichia coli adhesion and biofilm formation by trimeric cluster thiomannosides conjugated to diamond nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2325-2335. [PMID: 25559389 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have seen the development of a number of microbiocidal and/or anti-adhesive nanoparticles displaying activity against biofilms. In this work, trimeric thiomannoside clusters conjugated to nanodiamond particles (ND) were targeted for investigation. NDs have attracted attention as a biocompatible nanomaterial and we were curious to see whether the high mannose glycotope density obtained upon grouping monosaccharide units in triads might lead to the corresponding ND-conjugates behaving as effective inhibitors of E. coli type 1 fimbriae-mediated adhesion as well as of biofilm formation. The required trimeric thiosugar clusters were obtained through a convenient thiol-ene "click" strategy and were subsequently conjugated to alkynyl-functionalized NDs using a Cu(I)-catalysed "click" reaction. We demonstrated that the tri-thiomannoside cluster-conjugated NDs (ND-Man3) show potent inhibition of type 1 fimbriae-mediated E. coli adhesion to yeast and T24 bladder cells as well as of biofilm formation. The biofilm disrupting effects demonstrated here have only rarely been reported in the past for analogues featuring such simple glycosidic motifs. Moreover, the finding that the tri-thiomannoside cluster (Man3N3) is itself a relatively efficient inhibitor, even when not conjugated to any ND edifice, suggests that alternative mono- or multivalent sugar-derived analogues might also be usefully explored for E. coli-mediated biofilm disrupting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manakamana Khanal
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI, USR CNRS 3078), Université Lille 1, Parc de la Haute Borne, 50 Avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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86
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Lindhorst TK, Dubber M. Octopus glycosides: multivalent molecular platforms for testing carbohydrate recognition and bacterial adhesion. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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87
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Moonens K, Van den Broeck I, De Kerpel M, Deboeck F, Raymaekers H, Remaut H, De Greve H. Structural and functional insight into the carbohydrate receptor binding of F4 fimbriae-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8409-19. [PMID: 25631050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.618595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are important causes of intestinal disease in humans and lead to severe production losses in animal farming. A range of fimbrial adhesins in ETEC strains determines host and tissue tropism. ETEC strains expressing F4 fimbriae are associated with neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Three naturally occurring variants of F4 fimbriae (F4ab, F4ac, and F4ad) exist that differ in the primary sequence of their major adhesive subunit FaeG, and each features a related yet distinct receptor binding profile. Here the x-ray structure of FaeGad bound to lactose provides the first structural insight into the receptor specificity and mode of binding by the poly-adhesive F4 fimbriae. A small D'-D″-α1-α2 subdomain grafted on the immunoglobulin-like core of FaeG hosts the carbohydrate binding site. Two short amino acid stretches Phe(150)-Glu(152) and Val(166)-Glu(170) of FaeGad bind the terminal galactose in the lactosyl unit and provide affinity and specificity to the interaction. A hemagglutination-based assay with E. coli expressing mutant F4ad fimbriae confirmed the elucidated co-complex structure. Interestingly, the crucial D'-α1 loop that borders the FaeGad binding site adopts a different conformation in the two other FaeG variants and hints at a heterogeneous binding pocket among the FaeG serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Imke Van den Broeck
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Maia De Kerpel
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Francine Deboeck
- the Viral Genetics Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Raymaekers
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Han Remaut
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Henri De Greve
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
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88
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Cecioni S, Imberty A, Vidal S. Glycomimetics versus Multivalent Glycoconjugates for the Design of High Affinity Lectin Ligands. Chem Rev 2014; 115:525-61. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500303t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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89
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Kątnik-Prastowska I, Lis J, Matejuk A. Glycosylation of uroplakins. Implications for bladder physiopathology. Glycoconj J 2014; 31:623-36. [PMID: 25394961 PMCID: PMC4245495 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Urothelium, a specialized epithelium, covers the urinary tract and act not only as a barrier separating its light from the surrounding tissues, but fulfills an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the urothelial tract and well-being of the whole organism. Proper function of urothelium is dependent on the precise assemble of highly specialized glycoproteins called uroplakins, the end products and differentiation markers of the urothelial cells. Glycosylation changes in uroplakins correlate with and might reflect progressive stages of pathological conditions of the urothelium such as cancer, urinary tract infections, interstitial cystitis and others. In this review we focus on sugar components of uroplakins, their emerging role in urothelial biology and disease implications. The advances in our understanding of uroplakins changes in glycan moieties composition, structure, assembly and expression of their glycovariants could potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies and discoveries of novel urine and plasma markers for the benefit of patients with urinary tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kątnik-Prastowska
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
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90
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Govender VS, Ramsugit S, Pillay M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins: potential biomarkers as anti-tuberculosis therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:1821-1831. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to host cells is a precursor to host colonization and evasion of the host immune response. Conversely, it triggers the induction of the immune response, a process vital to the host’s defence against infection. Adhesins are microbial cell surface molecules or structures that mediate the attachment of the microbe to host cells and thus the host–pathogen interaction. They also play a crucial role in bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. In this review, we discuss the role of adhesins in the pathogenesis of the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also provide insight into the structure and characteristics of some of the characterized and putative M. tuberculosis adhesins. Finally, we examine the potential of adhesins as targets for the development of tuberculosis control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveshree S. Govender
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saiyur Ramsugit
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manormoney Pillay
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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91
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Steadman D, Lo A, Waksman G, Remaut H. Bacterial surface appendages as targets for novel antibacterial therapeutics. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:887-900. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistant bacteria is a major worldwide health concern. There is currently an unmet need for the development of new and selective antibacterial drugs. Therapies that target and disarm the crucial virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, while not actually killing the cells themselves, could prove to be vital for the treatment of numerous diseases. This article discusses the main surface architectures of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and the small molecules that have been discovered, which target their specific biogenesis pathways and/or actively block their virulence. The future perspective for the use of antivirulence compounds is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steadman
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, Birkbeck & University College London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Alvin Lo
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, Birkbeck & University College London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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92
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Car Ž, Hrenar T, Petrović Peroković V, Ribić R, Seničar M, Tomić S. MannosylatedN-Aryl Substituted 3-Hydroxypyridine-4-Ones: Synthesis, Hemagglutination Inhibitory Properties, and Molecular Modeling. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:393-401. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Željka Car
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Tomica Hrenar
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vesna Petrović Peroković
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Rosana Ribić
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mateja Seničar
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Srđanka Tomić
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
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93
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Subramanian P, Barka-Bouaifel F, Bouckaert J, Yamakawa N, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Graphene-coated surface plasmon resonance interfaces for studying the interactions between bacteria and surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:5422-5431. [PMID: 24433135 DOI: 10.1021/am405541z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of physical and chemical parameters are of importance for adhesion of bacteria to surfaces. In the colonization of mammalian organisms for example, bacterial fimbriae and their adhesins not only seek particular glycan sequences exposed on diverse epithelial linings, they also enable the bacteria to overcome electrostatic repulsion exerted by their selected surfaces. In this work, we present a new technique based on simplified model systems for studying the adhesion strength of different Escherichia coli strains. For this purpose, gold-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) interfaces were coated with thin films of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through electrophoretic deposition. The rGO matrix was post-modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), mannose, and lactose through π-stacking and/or electrostatic interactions by simple immersion of the SPR interface into their respective aqueous solutions. The adhesion behaviors of one uropathogenic and two enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli clinical isolates, that each express structurally characterized fimbrial adhesins, were investigated. It was found that the UTI89 cystitis isolate that carries the mannose-binding FimH adhesin was most attracted to the PEI- and mannose-modified surfaces, whereas the att25 diarrhoeal strain with the N-acetylglucosamine-specific F17a-G adhesin disintegrated the lactose-modified rGO. The highly virulent 107/86 strain interacted strongly with the PSS-modified graphene oxide, in agreement with the polybasic surroundings of the ABH blood group-binding site of the FedF adhesin, and showed a linear SPR response in a concentration range between 1 × 10(2) and 1 × 10(9) cfu/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Subramanian
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI), CNRS USR 3078, Université Lille1 , Parc de la Haute Borne, 50 avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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94
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Vanwetswinkel S, Volkov AN, Sterckx YGJ, Garcia-Pino A, Buts L, Vranken WF, Bouckaert J, Roy R, Wyns L, van Nuland NAJ. Study of the structural and dynamic effects in the FimH adhesin upon α-d-heptyl mannose binding. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1416-27. [PMID: 24476493 DOI: 10.1021/jm401666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli cause urinary tract infections by adhering to mannosylated receptors on the human urothelium via the carbohydrate-binding domain of the FimH adhesin (FimHL). Numerous α-d-mannopyranosides, including α-d-heptyl mannose (HM), inhibit this process by interacting with FimHL. To establish the molecular basis of the high-affinity HM binding, we solved the solution structure of the apo form and the crystal structure of the FimHL-HM complex. NMR relaxation analysis revealed that protein dynamics were not affected by the sugar binding, yet HM addition promoted protein dimerization, which was further confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering. Finally, to address the role of Y48, part of the "tyrosine gate" believed to govern the affinity and specificity of mannoside binding, we characterized the FimHL Y48A mutant, whose conformational, dynamical, and HM binding properties were found to be very similar to those of the wild-type protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vanwetswinkel
- Jean Jeener NMR Centre, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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95
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Porru D, Parmigiani A, Tinelli C, Barletta D, Choussos D, Di Franco C, Bobbi V, Bassi S, Miller O, Gardella B, Nappi RE, Spinillo A, Rovereto B. Oral D-mannose in recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415813518332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: In recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) usual prophylactic antibiotic regimes do not change the long-term risk of recurrence. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of D-mannose in the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs. Methods: In this randomized cross-over trial female patients were eligible for the study if they had an acute symptomatic UTI and three or more recurrent UTIs during the preceding 12 months. Suitable patients were randomly assigned to antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or to a regimen of oral D-mannose 1 g 3 times a day, every 8 hours for 2 weeks, and subsequently 1 g twice a day for 22 weeks. They received the other intervention in the second phase of the study, with no further antibiotic prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was evaluation of the elapsed time to recurrence; secondary endpoints were evaluation of bladder pain (VASp) and urinary urgency (VASu). Results: The results for quantitative variables were expressed as mean values and SD as they were all normally distributed (Shapiro–Wilk test). In total, 60 patients aged between 22 and 54 years (mean 42 years) were included. Mean time to UTI recurrence was 52.7 days with antibiotic treatment, and 200 days with oral D-mannose ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Mean VASp, VASu score, and average numbers of 24-hour voidings decreased significantly. D-mannose appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for recurrent UTIs in adult women. A significant difference was observed in the proportion of women remaining infection free versus antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porru
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Parmigiani
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Barletta
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Choussos
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Di Franco
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Bobbi
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Bassi
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - O Miller
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Gardella
- Obstetrics and Gynecologic Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - RE Nappi
- Obstetrics and Gynecologic Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Spinillo
- Obstetrics and Gynecologic Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Rovereto
- Urology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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96
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Small-angle X-ray scattering to obtain models of multivalent lectin-glycan complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1200:511-26. [PMID: 25117261 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1292-6_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have led to the ability to model the glycans on glycoproteins and to obtain the low-resolution solution structures of complexes of lectins bound to multivalent glycan-presenting scaffolds. This progress in SAXS can respond to the increasing interest in the biological action of glycoproteins and lectins and in the design of multivalent glycan-based antagonists. Carbohydrates make up a significant part of the X-ray scattering content in SAXS and should be included in the model together with the protein, whose structure is most often based on a crystal structure or NMR ensemble, to give a far-improved fit with the experimental data. The modeling of the spatial positioning of glycans on proteins or in the architecture of lectin-glycan complexes delivers low-resolution structural information hitherto unmatched by any other method. SAXS data on the bacterial lectin FimH, strongly bound to heptyl α-D-mannose on a sevenfold derivatized β-cyclodextrin, permitted determination of the stoichiometry of the complex and the geometry of the lectin deposition on the multivalent β-cyclodextrin. The SAXS methods can be applied to larger complexes as the technique imposes no limit on the size of the macromolecular assembly in solution.
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97
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Fujimoto Z, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J. Lectin structures: classification based on the 3-D structures. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1200:579-606. [PMID: 25117265 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1292-6_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in structural biology has elucidated the three-dimensional structures and carbohydrate-binding mechanisms of most lectin families. Lectins are classified into 48 families based on their three-dimensional structures. A ribbon drawing gallery of the crystal and solution structures of representative lectins or lectin-like proteins is appended and may help to convey the diversity of lectin families, the similarity and differences between lectin families, as well as the carbohydrate-binding architectures of lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Fujimoto
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan,
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98
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Tomašić T, Rabbani S, Gobec M, Raščan IM, Podlipnik Č, Ernst B, Anderluh M. Branched α-d-mannopyranosides: a new class of potent FimH antagonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report branched α-d-mannopyranosides as potent FimH antagonists that exploit the previously unexplored lipophilic region formed by Phe142 and Ile13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Tomašić
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Said Rabbani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy
- Pharmacenter
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | | | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy
- Pharmacenter
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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99
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Gouin SG, Roos G, Bouckaert J. Discovery and Application of FimH Antagonists. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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100
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Lo AWH, Van de Water K, Gane PJ, Chan AWE, Steadman D, Stevens K, Selwood DL, Waksman G, Remaut H. Suppression of type 1 pilus assembly in uropathogenic Escherichia coli by chemical inhibition of subunit polymerization. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:1017-26. [PMID: 24324225 PMCID: PMC3956373 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify and to characterize small-molecule inhibitors that target the subunit polymerization of the type 1 pilus assembly in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Methods Using an SDS–PAGE-based assay, in silico pre-filtered small-molecule compounds were screened for specific inhibitory activity against the critical subunit polymerization step of the chaperone–usher pathway during pilus biogenesis. The biological activity of one of the compounds was validated in assays monitoring UPEC type 1 pilus biogenesis, type 1 pilus-dependent biofilm formation and adherence to human bladder epithelial cells. The time dependence of the in vivo inhibitory activity and the overall effect of the compound on UPEC growth were determined. Results N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-{5-[4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-phenyl]-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl sulfanyl}-acetamide (AL1) inhibited in vitro pilus subunit polymerization. In bacterial cultures, AL1 disrupted UPEC type 1 pilus biogenesis and pilus-dependent biofilm formation, and resulted in the reduction of bacterial adherence to human bladder epithelial cells, without affecting bacterial cell growth. Bacterial exposure to the inhibitor led to an almost instantaneous loss of type 1 pili. Conclusions We have identified and characterized a small molecule that interferes with the assembly of type 1 pili. The molecule targets the polymerization step during the subunit incorporation cycle of the chaperone–usher pathway. Our discovery provides new insight into the design and development of novel anti-virulence therapies targeting key virulence factors of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin W H Lo
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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