51
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Plaster M, Singh S, Tavana H. Fibroblasts Promote Proliferation and Matrix Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells in Co‐Culture Models. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Plaster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
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52
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Hapach LA, Mosier JA, Wang W, Reinhart-King CA. Engineered models to parse apart the metastatic cascade. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:20. [PMID: 31453371 PMCID: PMC6704099 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While considerable progress has been made in studying genetic and cellular aspects of metastasis with in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models, the driving mechanisms of each step of metastasis are still relatively unclear due to their complexity. Moreover, little progress has been made in understanding how cellular fitness in one step of the metastatic cascade correlates with ability to survive other subsequent steps. Engineered models incorporate tools such as tailored biomaterials and microfabrication to mimic human disease progression, which when coupled with advanced quantification methods permit comparisons to human patient samples and in vivo studies. Here, we review novel tools and techniques that have been recently developed to dissect key features of the metastatic cascade using primary patient samples and highly representative microenvironments for the purposes of advancing personalized medicine and precision oncology. Although improvements are needed to increase tractability and accessibility while faithfully simulating the in vivo microenvironment, these models are powerful experimental platforms for understanding cancer biology, furthering drug screening, and facilitating development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Hapach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Jenna A. Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
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53
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Garg AA, Jones TH, Moss SM, Mishra S, Kaul K, Ahirwar DK, Ferree J, Kumar P, Subramaniam D, Ganju RK, Subramaniam VV, Song JW. Electromagnetic fields alter the motility of metastatic breast cancer cells. Commun Biol 2019; 2:303. [PMID: 31428691 PMCID: PMC6687738 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cells and their environment influence key physiologic processes such as their propensity to migrate. However, directed migration controlled by extrinsically applied electrical signals is poorly understood. Using a novel microfluidic platform, we found that metastatic breast cancer cells sense and respond to the net direction of weak (∼100 µV cm-1), asymmetric, non-contact induced Electric Fields (iEFs). iEFs inhibited EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) activation, prevented formation of actin-rich filopodia, and hindered the motility of EGF-treated breast cancer cells. The directional effects of iEFs were nullified by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, iEFs in combination with Akt inhibitor reduced EGF-promoted motility below the level of untreated controls. These results represent a step towards isolating the coupling mechanism between cell motility and iEFs, provide valuable insights into how iEFs target multiple diverging cancer cell signaling mechanisms, and demonstrate that electrical signals are a fundamental regulator of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Arpit Garg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Travis H. Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sarah M. Moss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Dinesh K. Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jessica Ferree
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Deepa Subramaniam
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ramesh K. Ganju
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Vish V. Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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54
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Sakthivel K, O'Brien A, Kim K, Hoorfar M. Microfluidic analysis of heterotypic cellular interactions: A review of techniques and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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55
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Liu T, Yao R, Pang Y, Sun W. Review on biofabrication and applications of heterogeneous tumor models. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2101-2120. [PMID: 31359625 DOI: 10.1002/term.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Resolving the origin and development of tumor heterogeneity has proven to be a crucial challenge in cancer research. In vitro tumor models have been widely used for both scientific and clinical research. Currently, tumor models based on 2D cell culture, animal models, and 3D cell-laden constructs are widely used. Heterogeneous tumor models, which consist of more than one cell type and mimic cell-cell as well as cell-matrix interactions, are attracting increasing attention. Heterogeneous tumor models can serve as pathological models to study the microenvironment and tumor development such as tumorigenesis, invasiveness, and malignancy. They also provide disease models for drug screening and personalized therapy. In this review, the current techniques, models, and oncological applications regarding 3D heterogeneous tumor models are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankun Liu
- Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua University, 111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yao
- Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua University, 111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Pang
- Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua University, 111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tsinghua University, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua University, 111 "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming and Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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56
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Mollica H, Palomba R, Primavera R, Decuzzi P. Two-Channel Compartmentalized Microfluidic Chip for Real-Time Monitoring of the Metastatic Cascade. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4834-4843. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilaria Mollica
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
- DIBRIS, University of Genova, Via Opera Pia 13, Genoa 16145, Italy
| | - Roberto Palomba
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
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57
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Microfluidic Collective Cell Migration Assay for Study of Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration under Combinations of Oxygen Gradients, Tensions, and Drug Treatments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8234. [PMID: 31160651 PMCID: PMC6546762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of endothelial cells play an important role in many biological activities, and they can be regulated by various microenvironmental factors. In this paper, a novel microfluidic collective cell migration assay is developed to study endothelial cell migration and proliferation under combinations of three oxygen conditions: normoxia, oxygen gradient, and hypoxia and three medium compositions: normal growth medium, the medium with cytochalasin-D for actin polymerization inhibition, and with YC-1 for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition. The microfluidic device designed in the paper allows cell patterns formed with consistent dimensions using laminar flow patterning. In addition, stable oxygen gradients can be generated within the device by a spatially confined chemical reaction method. The device can be operated in conventional cell incubators with minimal chemical reagents and instrumentation for practical applications. The results show directional collective cell migration of the endothelial cells under the oxygen gradients for all the medium compositions. The directional behavior has never been discussed before, and indicates critical roles of oxygen gradients in guiding endothelial cell migration during various biological activities. The developed assay provides a practical yet powerful tool for further in vitro study of endothelial cell behaviors under various physiological microenvironments.
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58
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Jing B, Luo Y, Lin B, Li J, Wang ZA, Du Y. Establishment and application of a dynamic tumor-vessel microsystem for studying different stages of tumor metastasis and evaluating anti-tumor drugs. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17137-17147. [PMID: 35519877 PMCID: PMC9064461 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of cancer-related death, and it is difficult to study the whole process of tumor metastasis in vivo due to the complex physiological environment in the body. Therefore, it's crucial to develop simple and physiologically relevant in vitro cancer models to study the metastasis process, especially different phases of tumor metastasis. A novel microfluidic tumor-vessel co-culture system was established to reproduce the different phases of cancer metastasis (proliferation, migration, intravasation and adherence) individually in vitro for the first time. It was observed that blood vessels with fluid flow had big impact on metastasis of liver cancer cells HepG2 and breast ones MDA-MB-231. In particular, it was found that both HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells migrated in the direction of “blood flow”. Furthermore, MDA-MB-231 cells invaded through paracellular mode disrupting the intercellular endothelial junctions, whereas HepG2 cells engaged in transcellular intravasation through transcellular process. Compared with traditional assays, much more potent inhibition of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on different phases of tumor metastasis was observed on the microsystem. In summary, the microfluidic device yielded abundant information about each phase of tumor metastasis, and would provide a powerful platform for use in drug screening, toxicology studies, and personalized medicine in future. The different stages of the cancer metastasis were reproduced individually on a novel tumor-vessel co-culture microsystem.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-10-8254-5070.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-10-8254-5070
| | - Zhuo A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-10-8254-5070
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China +86-10-8254-5070
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59
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Morss Clyne A, Swaminathan S, Díaz Lantada A. Biofabrication strategies for creating microvascular complexity. Biofabrication 2019; 11:032001. [PMID: 30743247 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of effective biomimetic vasculatures constitutes a relevant and yet unsolved challenge, lying at the heart of tissue repair and regeneration strategies. Even if cell growth is achieved in 3D tissue scaffolds or advanced implants, tissue viability inevitably requires vascularization, as diffusion can only transport nutrients and eliminate debris within a few hundred microns. This engineered vasculature may need to mimic the intricate branching geometry of native microvasculature, referred to herein as vascular complexity, to efficiently deliver blood and recreate critical interactions between the vascular and perivascular cells as well as parenchymal tissues. This review first describes the importance of vascular complexity in labs- and organs-on-chips, the biomechanical and biochemical signals needed to create and maintain a complex vasculature, and the limitations of current 2D, 2.5D, and 3D culture systems in recreating vascular complexity. We then critically review available strategies for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures in cell culture platforms, labs- and organs-on-chips, and tissue engineering scaffolds, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, challenges and future directions are outlined with the hope of inspiring researchers to create the reliable, efficient and sustainable tools needed for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Morss Clyne
- Vascular Kinetics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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60
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Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Ayuso JM, Lacueva A, Randelovic T, Livingston MK, Beebe DJ, Oliván S, Pereboom D, Doblare M, Fernández L, Ochoa I. Enabling cell recovery from 3D cell culture microfluidic devices for tumour microenvironment biomarker profiling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6199. [PMID: 30996291 PMCID: PMC6470149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) has recently drawn much attention due to its profound impact on tumour development, drug resistance and patient outcome. There is an increasing interest in new therapies that target the TME. Nonetheless, most established in vitro models fail to include essential cues of the TME. Microfluidics can be used to reproduce the TME in vitro and hence provide valuable insight on tumour evolution and drug sensitivity. However, microfluidics remains far from well-established mainstream molecular and cell biology methods. Therefore, we have developed a quick and straightforward collagenase-based enzymatic method to recover cells embedded in a 3D hydrogel in a microfluidic device with no impact on cell viability. We demonstrate the validity of this method on two different cell lines in a TME microfluidic model. Cells were successfully retrieved with high viability, and we characterised the different cell death mechanisms via AMNIS image cytometry in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States.,Medical Engineering, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Alodia Lacueva
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teodora Randelovic
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Megan K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - Sara Oliván
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Desirée Pereboom
- Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación de Citómica, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Doblare
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain. .,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain.
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61
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Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Microengineered Organ-on-a-chip Platforms towards Personalized Medicine. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5354-5366. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190222143542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current preclinical drug evaluation strategies that are explored to predict the pharmacological parameters,
as well as toxicological issues, utilize traditional oversimplified cell cultures and animal models. However,
these traditional approaches are time-consuming, and cannot reproduce the functions of the complex biological
tissue architectures. On the other hand, the obtained data from animal models cannot be precisely extrapolated to
humans because it sometimes results in the distinct safe starting doses for clinical trials due to vast differences in
their genomes. To address these limitations, the microengineered, biomimetic organ-on-a-chip platforms fabricated
using advanced materials that are interconnected using the microfluidic circuits, can stanchly reiterate or
mimic the complex tissue-organ level structures including the cellular architecture and physiology, compartmentalization
and interconnectivity of human organ platforms. These innovative and cost-effective systems potentially
enable the prediction of the responses toward pharmaceutical compounds and remarkable advances in
materials and microfluidics technology, which can rapidly progress the drug development process. In this review,
we emphasize the integration of microfluidic models with the 3D simulations from tissue engineering to fabricate
organ-on-a-chip platforms, which explicitly fulfill the demand of creating the robust models for preclinical testing
of drugs. At first, we give a brief overview of the limitations associated with the current drug development pipeline
that includes drug screening methods, in vitro molecular assays, cell culture platforms and in vivo models.
Further, we discuss various organ-on-a-chip platforms, highlighting their benefits and performance in the preclinical
stages. Next, we aim to emphasize their current applications toward pharmaceutical benefits including the
drug screening as well as toxicity testing, and advances in personalized precision medicine as well as potential
challenges for their commercialization. We finally recapitulate with the lessons learned and the outlook highlighting
the future directions for accelerating the clinical translation of delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China
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62
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Liao WJ, Wu MY, Peng CC, Tung YC, Yang RB. Epidermal growth factor-like repeats of SCUBE1 derived from platelets are critical for thrombus formation. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:193-201. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
SCUBE1 [signal peptide-CUB-epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-containing protein 1], expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets, exists in soluble or membrane forms. We previously showed that soluble SCUBE1 is a biomarker for platelet activation and also an active participant of thrombosis. However, whether the adhesive module of its EGF-like repeats is essential and the specific contribution of SCUBE1 synthesized in ECs or platelets to thrombosis in vivo remain unclear.
Methods and results
We generated new mutant (Δ2) mice lacking the entire EGF-like repeats to evaluate the module’s functional importance during thrombogenesis in vivo. The Δ2 platelet-rich plasma showed markedly impaired platelet aggregation induced by agonists including adenosine diphosphate, collagen, the thrombin agonist PAR-4 peptide and the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619. Consistently, genetic ablation of the EGF-like repeats diminished arterial thrombosis and protected Δ2 mice against lethal thromboembolism. On flow chamber assay, whole blood isolated from Δ2 or wild-type (WT) mice pre-treated with blocking antibodies against the EGF-like repeats showed a significant decrease in platelet deposition and thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under arterial shear rates. Moreover, we created animals expressing SCUBE1 only in ECs (S1-EC) or platelets (S1-PLT) by reciprocal bone-marrow transplantation between WT and Δ2 mice. The time of carotid arterial thrombosis induced by ferric chloride was normal in S1-PLT chimeric mice but much prolonged in S1-EC animals.
Conclusions
We demonstrate that platelet-derived SCUBE1 plays a critical role in arterial thrombosis via its adhesive EGF-like repeats in vivo and suggest targeting these adhesive motifs of SCUBE1 for potential anti-thrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Peng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Sec. 2, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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63
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Abstract
The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures as systems that better mimic in vivo physiology. Today, 3D cell cultures are emerging, not only as a new tool in early drug discovery but also as potential therapeutics to treat disease. In this review, we assess leading 3D cell culture technologies and their impact on drug discovery, including spheroids, organoids, scaffolds, hydrogels, organs-on-chips, and 3D bioprinting. We also discuss the implementation of these technologies in compound identification, screening, and development, ranging from disease modeling to assessment of efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fang
- 1 Biochemical Technologies, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Richard M Eglen
- 2 Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Tewksbury, MA, USA
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64
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Abstract
One of the problems that has slowed the development and approval of new anticancer therapies is the lack of preclinical models that can be used to identify key molecular, cellular and biophysical features of human cancer progression. This is because most in vitro cancer models fail to faithfully recapitulate the local tissue and organ microenvironment in which tumours form, which substantially contributes to the complex pathophysiology of the disease. More complex in vitro cancer models have been developed, including transwell cell cultures, spheroids and organoids grown within flexible extracellular matrix gels, which better mimic normal and cancerous tissue development than cells maintained on conventional 2D substrates. But these models still lack the tissue-tissue interfaces, organ-level structures, fluid flows and mechanical cues that cells experience within living organs, and furthermore, it is difficult to collect samples from the different tissue microcompartments. In this Review, we outline how recent developments in microfluidic cell culture technology have led to the generation of human organs-on-chips (also known as organ chips) that are now being used to model cancer cell behaviour within human-relevant tissue and organ microenvironments in vitro. Organ chips enable experimentalists to vary local cellular, molecular, chemical and biophysical parameters in a controlled manner, both individually and in precise combinations, while analysing how they contribute to human cancer formation and progression and responses to therapy. We also discuss the challenges that must be overcome to ensure that organ chip models meet the needs of cancer researchers, drug developers and clinicians interested in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sontheimer-Phelps
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bryan A Hassell
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Nirrin Analytics, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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65
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Sun W, Luo Z, Lee J, Kim HJ, Lee K, Tebon P, Feng Y, Dokmeci MR, Sengupta S, Khademhosseini A. Organ-on-a-Chip for Cancer and Immune Organs Modeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801363. [PMID: 30605261 PMCID: PMC6424124 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between findings in preclinical 2D cell culture models and in vivo tissue cultures has been challenging; the simple microenvironment of 2D monolayer culture systems may not capture the cellular response to drugs accurately. Three-dimensional organotypic models have gained increasing interest due to their ability to recreate precise cellular organizations. These models facilitate investigation of the interactions between different sub-tissue level components through providing physiologically relevant microenvironments for cells in vitro. The incorporation of human-sourced tissues into these models further enables personalized prediction of drug responses. Integration of microfluidic units into the 3D models can be used to control their local environment, dynamic simulation of cell behaviors, and real-time readout of drug testing data. Cancer and immune system related diseases are severe burdens to our health care system and have created an urgent need for high-throughput, and effective drug development plans. This review focuses on recent progress in the development of "cancer-on-a-chip" and "immune organs-on-a-chip" systems designed to study disease progression and predict drug-induced responses. Future challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhimin Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yudi Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, ; Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, ; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angleles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California - Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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66
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Shang M, Soon RH, Lim CT, Khoo BL, Han J. Microfluidic modelling of the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer drug development. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:369-386. [PMID: 30644496 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00970h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The complex and disorganized tumor microenvironment makes it very difficult to treat this disease. The most common in vitro drug screening method now is based on 2D culture models which poorly represent actual tumors. Therefore, many 3D tumor models which are more physiologically relevant have been developed to conduct in vitro drug screening and alleviate this situation. Among all these models, the microfluidic tumor model has the unique advantage of recapitulating the tumor microenvironment in a comparatively easier and representative fashion. While there are many review papers available on the related topic of microfluidic tumor models, in this review we aim to focus more on the possibility of generating "clinically actionable information" from these microfluidic systems, besides scientific insight. Our topics cover the tumor microenvironment, conventional 2D and 3D cultures, animal models, and microfluidic tumor models, emphasizing their link to anti-cancer drug discovery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Shang
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1, Create Way, Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore.
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67
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Liu C, Chiang B, Lewin Mejia D, Luker KE, Luker GD, Lee A. Mammary fibroblasts remodel fibrillar collagen microstructure in a biomimetic nanocomposite hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:221-232. [PMID: 30414485 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Architecture and microstructure of type I collagen fibers constitute central regulators of tumor invasion with aligned fibers providing a route for migration of stromal and cancer cells. Several different aspects of fibrillar collagen, such as stiffness, density, thickness, and pore size, may regulate migration of cancer cells, but determining effects of any one parameter requires clear decoupling of physical properties of collagen networks. The objective of this work is to develop and apply an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumor-extra cellular matrix (ECM) model with tunable physical parameters to define how stromal fibroblasts modulate collagen microstructure to control migration of breast cancer cells. We incorporated two different types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nano-molecules into a collagen/alginate matrix to induce different mechanisms of gelling. The resultant biomimetic, nanocomposite hydrogels show different collagen fibrillar microstructures while maintaining constant overall matrix stiffness, density, and porosimetry. Spheroids of human mammary fibroblasts embedded in these 3D matrices remodel the collagen network to varying extents based on differences in underlying matrix microstructures. The remodeled collagen matrix shows oriented, thicker fibrillar tracks, facilitating invasion of tumor cells. By decoupling effects of matrix stiffness and architecture, our nanocomposite hydrogels serve as robust platforms to investigate how biophysical properties of tumor environments control key processes regulating tumor progression in breast cancer and other malignancies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our manuscript demonstrates a new type of nanocomposite hydrogel with two different gelling mechanisms, produced by incorporating two types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nano-molecules into a collagen/alginate matrix. The resultant biomimetic hydrogels show different fibrillar collagen microstructures while maintaining constant overall matrix stiffness, density, and porosimetry. These gels allow us to uncouple effects of matrix stiffness versus architecture on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts. Upon embedding spheroids of human mammary fibroblasts (HMFs) and dissociated 231 breast cancer cells, we showed that HMFs remodeled the collagen network to differing extents dependent on starting matrix microstructures in each hydrogel. The remodeled collagen matrix showed aligned collagen fibers perpendicular to the surface of a spheroid with migrating HMFs following these fibers as occurs in tumors in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing significant different fibrillar collagen microstructures with constant collagen density and gel stiffness. This study establishes a new type of nanocomposite 3D hydrogels for studies of biophysical and cellular interactions in engineered tumor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Benjamin Chiang
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Daniela Lewin Mejia
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Gary D Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, United States.
| | - Andre Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, United States.
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68
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Roberts S, Peyman S, Speirs V. Current and Emerging 3D Models to Study Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:413-427. [PMID: 31456197 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For decades 2D culture has been used to study breast cancer. In recent years, however, the importance of 3D culture to recapitulate the complexity of human disease has received attention. A breakthrough for 3D culture came as a result of a Nature editorial 'Goodbye Flat Biology' (Anonymous, Nature 424:861-861, 2003). Since then scientists have developed and implemented a range of different and more clinically relevant models, which are used to study breast cancer. In this chapter multiple different 3D models will be discussed including spheroids, microfluidic and bio-printed models and in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sally Peyman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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69
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A 3D microvascular network model to study the impact of hypoxia on the extravasation potential of breast cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17949. [PMID: 30560881 PMCID: PMC6298998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated hypoxia to be an important trigger of tumor cell invasion or metastasizes via hypoxia-signaling cascades, including hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Microfluidic model can be a reliable in vitro tool for systematically interrogating individual factors and their accompanying downstream effects, which may otherwise be difficult to study in complex tumor tissues. Here, we used an in vitro model of microvascular networks in a microfluidic chip to measure the extravasation potential of breast cell lines subjected to different oxygen conditions. Through the use of HIF-1α knock-down cell lines, we also validated the importance of HIF-1α in the transmigration ability of human breast cell lines. Three human breast cell lines derived from human breast tissues (MCF10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were used in this study to evaluate the role of hypoxia in promoting metastasis at different stages of cancer progression. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α protein level was increased, and coincided with changes in cell morphology, viability and an elevated metastatic potential. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the rate of extravasation compared to normoxia (21% O2). siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α in hypoxic tumors significantly decreased the extravasation rates of all the cell lines tested and may have an effect on the function of metastatic and apoptotic-related cellular processes.
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70
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Chiesa E, Dorati R, Pisani S, Conti B, Bergamini G, Modena T, Genta I. The Microfluidic Technique and the Manufacturing of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040267. [PMID: 30544868 PMCID: PMC6321127 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microfluidic technique has emerged as a promising tool to accelerate the clinical translation of nanoparticles, and its application affects several aspects, such as the production of nanoparticles and the in vitro characterization in the microenvironment, mimicking in vivo conditions. This review covers the general aspects of the microfluidic technique and its application in several fields, such as the synthesis, recovering, and samples analysis of nanoparticles, and in vitro characterization and their in vivo application. Among these, advantages in the production of polymeric nanoparticles in a well-controlled, reproducible, and high-throughput manner have been highlighted, and detailed descriptions of microfluidic devices broadly used for the synthesis of polysaccharide nanoparticles have been provided. These nanoparticulate systems have drawn attention as drug delivery vehicles over many years; nevertheless, their synthesis using the microfluidic technique is still largely unexplored. This review deals with the use of the microfluidic technique for the synthesis of polysaccharide nanoparticles; evaluating features of the most studied polysaccharide drug carriers, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and alginate polymers. The critical assessment of the most recent research published in literature allows us to assume that microfluidics will play an important role in the discovery and clinical translation of nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pisani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gloria Bergamini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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71
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Lee S, Ko J, Park D, Lee SR, Chung M, Lee Y, Jeon NL. Microfluidic-based vascularized microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2686-2709. [PMID: 30110034 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems have emerged in the last decade to provide an alternative to in vivo models in basic science and pharmaceutical research. In the field of vascular biology, in particular, there has been a lack of a suitable in vitro model exhibiting a three-dimensional structure and the physiological function of vasculature integrated with organ-on-a-chip models. The rapid development of organ-on-a-chip technology is well positioned to fulfill unmet needs. Recently, functional integration of vasculature with diverse microphysiological systems has been increasing. This recent trend corresponds to emerging research interest in how the vascular system contributes to various physiological and pathological conditions. This innovative platform has undergone significant development, but adoption of this technology by end-users and researchers in biology is still a work in progress. Therefore, it is critical to focus on simplification and standardization to promote the distribution and acceptance of this technology by the end-users. In this review, we will introduce the latest developments in vascularized microphysiological systems and summarize their outlook in basic research and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Lee
- Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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72
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Michna R, Gadde M, Ozkan A, DeWitt M, Rylander M. Vascularized microfluidic platforms to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2793-2806. [PMID: 29940072 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has led to the development of advanced in vitro tumor platforms that overcome the challenges of in vivo animal and in vitro two dimensional models. This paper presents platform designs and methods used to develop complex vascularized in vitro models to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Features of these platforms include a continuous, aligned endothelium that allows for cell-cell interactions between vasculature and tumor cells. A novel platform for fabrication of a single endothelialized microchannel encased within a collagen platform hosting breast cancer cells was developed and utilized to study the influence of cellular interaction on transport phenomenon through vasculature in a hyperpermeable tumor microenvironment. This platform relies on subtractive tissue engineering fabrication techniques. Through confocal imaging we have demonstrated that the platform produces enhanced vessel leakiness recapitulating physiological features of the tumor microenvironment. The influence of tumor endothelial interactions on transport of particles was also demonstrated. Additionally, we designed two more complex and intricate endothelialized microfluidic networks by combining lithographic techniques with additive tissue engineering methods. We created a network platform consisting of interconnected microchannels to model a highly vascularized system and successfully perfused the system with fluorescent particles. Finally, we developed a physiologically representative in vitro microfluidic platform with vasculature patterned from in vivo data showing the versatility of these systems to replicate the complex geometries of tumor microvasculature and dynamically measured particle transport. Overall, we have shown the ability to develop functional microfluidic vascular tumor platforms of varying complexities and demonstrated their utility for studying spatial particle transport within these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Michna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Manasa Gadde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Alican Ozkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Matthew DeWitt
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Marissa Rylander
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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73
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Nys G, Fillet M. Microfluidics contribution to pharmaceutical sciences: From drug discovery to post marketing product management. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:348-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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74
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Bertulli C, Gerigk M, Piano N, Liu Y, Zhang D, Müller T, Knowles TJ, Huang YYS. Image-Assisted Microvessel-on-a-Chip Platform for Studying Cancer Cell Transendothelial Migration Dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12480. [PMID: 30127372 PMCID: PMC6102203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the push to reduce in vivo approaches, the demand for microphysiological models that recapitulate the in vivo settings in vitro is dramatically increasing. Here, we present an extracellular matrix-integrated microfluidic chip with a rounded microvessel of ~100 µm in diameter. Our system displays favorable characteristics for broad user adaptation: simplified procedure for vessel creation, minimised use of reagents and cells, and the ability to couple live-cell imaging and image analysis to study dynamics of cell-microenvironment interactions in 3D. Using this platform, the dynamic process of single breast cancer cells (LM2-4175) exiting the vessel lumen into the surrounding extracellular matrix was tracked. Here, we show that the presence of endothelial lining significantly reduced the cancer exit events over the 15-hour imaging period: there were either no cancer cells exiting, or the fraction of spontaneous exits was positively correlated with the number of cancer cells in proximity to the endothelial barrier. The capability to map the z-position of individual cancer cells within a 3D vessel lumen enabled us to observe cancer cell transmigration 'hot spot' dynamically. We also suggest the variations in the microvessel qualities may lead to the two distinct types of cancer transmigration behaviour. Our findings provide a tractable in vitro model applicable to other areas of microvascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bertulli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Nicholas Piano
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Fluidic Analytics Ltd., Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK
| | - Tuomas J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Yesil-Celiktas O, Hassan S, Miri AK, Maharjan S, Al-kharboosh R, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Zhang YS. Mimicking Human Pathophysiology in Organ-on-Chip Devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Engineering; Ege University; Bornova-Izmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Rowan University; 401 North Campus Drive Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology; Nakkhu-4 Lalitpur 44600 Nepal
| | - Rawan Al-kharboosh
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic Graduate School; Neuroscience, NBD Track Rochester MN 55905 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oncology, Neuroscience; Mayo Clinic; Jacksonville FL 32224 USA
| | | | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Li W, Khan M, Mao S, Feng S, Lin JM. Advances in tumor-endothelial cells co-culture and interaction on microfluidics. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:210-218. [PMID: 30140484 PMCID: PMC6104288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastasis in which the cancer cells degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and invade to the surrounding and far tissues of the body is the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. With a lot of advancement in the field, yet the biological cause of metastasis are poorly understood. The microfluidic system provides advanced technology to reconstruct a variety of in vivo-like environment for studying the interactions between tumor cells (TCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). This review gives a brief account of both two-dimensional models and three-dimensional microfluidic systems for the analysis of TCs-ECs co-culture as well as their applications to anti-cancer drug screening. Furthermore, the advanced methods for analyzing cell-to-cell interactions at single-cell level were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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77
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Hybrid collagen alginate hydrogel as a platform for 3D tumor spheroid invasion. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:213-225. [PMID: 29879553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix regulates hallmark features of cancer through biochemical and mechanical signals, although mechanistic understanding of these processes remains limited by lack of models that recreate physiology of tumors. To tissue-engineer models that recapitulate three-dimensional architecture and signaling in tumors, there is a pressing need for new materials permitting flexible control of mechanical and biophysical features. We developed a hybrid hydrogel system composed of collagen and alginate to model tumor environments in breast cancer and other malignancies. Material properties of the hydrogel, including stiffness, microstructure and porosimetry, encompass parameters present in normal organs and tumors. The hydrogel possesses a well-organized, homogenous microstructure with adjustable mechanical stiffness and excellent permeability. Upon embedding multicellular tumor spheroids, we constructed a 3D tumor invasion model showing follow-the-leader migration with fibroblasts leading invasion of cancer cells similar to in vivo. We also demonstrated effects of CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling, a pathway implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, in a dual-tumor spheroid invasion model in 3D hydrogels. These studies establish a new hydrogel platform with material properties that can be tuned to investigate effects of environmental conditions on tumor progression, which will advance future studies of cancer cell invasion and response to therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Our manuscript describes a novel design of hybrid hydrogel system composed of collagen and alginate modeling 3D tumor environments in breast cancer. The hydrogel possesses a well-organized, homogenous microstructure with adjustable mechanical stiffness. Upon embedding tumor spheroids, we successfully showed a 3D tumor invasion model showing follow-the-leader migration with fibroblasts leading invasion of cancer cells similar to in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing two spheroids invade simultaneously and forming bridge-like connection and effects of chemical gradients in 3D hydrogel environment. This research provides a new model for tumor-stromal interactions in cancer cell migration and establishes a novel hydrogel system for analyzing physical and biochemical signals regulating cancer progression and response to therapy.
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78
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Mannino RG, Qiu Y, Lam WA. Endothelial cell culture in microfluidic devices for investigating microvascular processes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042203. [PMID: 29861814 PMCID: PMC5953751 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous conditions and disease states such as sickle cell disease, malaria, thrombotic microangiopathy, and stroke significantly impact the microvasculature function and its role in disease progression. Understanding the role of cellular interactions and microvascular hemodynamic forces in the context of disease is crucial to understanding disease pathophysiology. In vivo models of microvascular disease using animal models often coupled with intravital microscopy have long been utilized to investigate microvascular phenomena. However, these methods suffer from some major drawbacks, including the inability to tightly and quantitatively control experimental conditions, the difficulty of imaging multiple microvascular beds within a living organism, and the inability to isolate specific microvascular geometries such as bifurcations. Thus, there exists a need for in vitro microvascular models that can mitigate the drawbacks associated with in vivo systems. To that end, microfluidics has been widely used to develop such models, as it allows for tight control of system inputs, facile imaging, and the ability to develop robust and repeatable systems with well-defined geometries. Incorporating endothelial cells to branching microfluidic models allows for the development of "endothelialized" systems that accurately recapitulate physiological microvessels. In this review, we summarize the field of endothelialized microfluidics, specifically focusing on fabrication methods, limitations, and applications of these systems. We then speculate on future directions and applications of these cutting edge technologies. We believe that this review of the field is of importance to vascular biologists and bioengineers who aim to utilize microfluidic technologies to solve vascular problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: 404-727-7473. Present address: 448 Emory Children's Center, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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79
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Thompson TJ, Han B. Analysis of adhesion kinetics of cancer cells on inflamed endothelium using a microfluidic platform. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042215. [PMID: 29937953 PMCID: PMC5993669 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the ultimate cause of death among the vast majority of cancer patients. This process is comprised of multiple steps, including the migration of circulating cancer cells across microvasculature. This trans-endothelial migration involves the adhesion and eventual penetration of cancer cells to the vasculature of the target organ. Many of these mechanisms remain poorly understood due to poor control of pathophysiological conditions in tumor models. In this work, a microfluidic device was developed to support the culture and observation of engineered microvasculature with systematic control of the environmental characteristics. This device was then used to study the adhesion of circulating cancer cells to an endothelium under varying conditions to delineate the effects of hemodynamics and inflammations. The resulting understanding will help to establish a quantitative and biophysical mechanism of interactions between cancer cells and endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Thompson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Present address: 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, Phone: +1-765-494-5626, Fax: +1-765-496-7535
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80
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Mollica H, Coclite A, Miali ME, Pereira RC, Paleari L, Manneschi C, DeCensi A, Decuzzi P. Deciphering the relative contribution of vascular inflammation and blood rheology in metastatic spreading. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042205. [PMID: 29861816 PMCID: PMC5957635 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a key step in cancer spreading. If inflammation is recognized to favor the formation of vascular "metastatic niches," little is known about the contribution of blood rheology to CTC deposition. Herein, a microfluidic chip, covered by a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells, is used for analyzing the adhesion and rolling of colorectal (HCT-15) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells under different biophysical conditions. These include the analysis of cell transport in a physiological solution and whole blood over a healthy and a TNF-α inflamed endothelium with a flow rate of 50 and 100 nl/min. Upon stimulation of the endothelial monolayer with TNF-α (25 ng/ml), CTC adhesion increases from 2 to 4 times whilst cell rolling velocity only slightly reduces. Notably, whole blood also enhances cancer cell deposition from 2 to 3 times, but only on the unstimulated vasculature. For all tested conditions, no statistically significant difference is observed between the two cancer cell types. Finally, a computational model for CTC transport demonstrates that a rigid cell approximation reasonably predicts rolling velocities while cell deformability is needed to model adhesion. These results would suggest that, within microvascular networks, blood rheology and inflammation contribute similarly to CTC deposition, thereby facilitating the formation of metastatic niches along the entire network, including the healthy endothelium. In microfluidic-based assays, neglecting blood rheology would significantly underestimate the metastatic potential of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Coclite
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | | | - Rui C. Pereira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Manneschi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: +39 010 71781 941. Fax: +39 010 71781 228
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81
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Kucukal E, Ilich A, Key NS, Little JA, Gurkan UA. Red Blood Cell Adhesion to Heme-Activated Endothelial Cells Reflects Clinical Phenotype in Sickle Cell Disease. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:10.1002/ajh.25159. [PMID: 29905377 PMCID: PMC6295270 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), 'disease severity' associates with increased RBC adhesion to quiescent endothelium, but the impact on activated endothelium is not known. Increased concentrations of free heme result from intravascular hemolysis in SCD. Heme is essential for aerobic metabolism, and plays an important role in numerous biological processes. Excess free heme induces reactive oxygen species generation and endothelial activation, which are associated with cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and thrombosis. Here, we utilized an endothelialized microfluidic platform (Endothelium-on-a-chip) to assess adhesion of sickle hemoglobin-containing red blood cells (HbS RBCs), from adults with homozygous SCD, to heme-activated human endothelial cells (EC) in vitro. Confluent EC monolayers in microchannels were treated with pathophysiologically relevant levels of heme in order to simulate the highly hemolytic intravascular milieu seen in SCD. RBC adhesion to heme-activated ECs varied from subject to subject, and was associated with plasma markers of hemolysis (LDH) and reticulocytosis, thereby linking those RBCs that are most likely to adhere with those that are most likely to hemolyze. These results re-emphasize the critical contribution made by heterogeneous adhesive HbS RBCs to the pathophysiology of SCD. We found that adhesion of HbS RBCs to heme-activated ECs varied amongst individuals in the study population, and associated with biomarkers of hemolysis and inflammation, age, and a recent history of transfusion. Importantly, the microfluidic approach described herein holds promise as a clinically feasible Endothelium-on-a-chip platform with which to study complex heterocellular adhesive interactions in SCD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Kucukal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anton Ilich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel S. Key
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jane A. Little
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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82
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Chung HH, Mireles M, Kwarta BJ, Gaborski TR. Use of porous membranes in tissue barrier and co-culture models. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1671-1689. [PMID: 29845145 PMCID: PMC5997570 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Porous membranes enable the partitioning of cellular microenvironments in vitro, while still allowing physical and biochemical crosstalk between cells, a feature that is often necessary for recapitulating physiological functions. This article provides an overview of the different membranes used in tissue barrier and cellular co-culture models with a focus on experimental design and control of these systems. Specifically, we discuss how the structural, mechanical, chemical, and even the optical and transport properties of different membranes bestow specific advantages and disadvantages through the context of physiological relevance. This review also explores how membrane pore properties affect perfusion and solute permeability by developing an analytical framework to guide the design and use of tissue barrier or co-culture models. Ultimately, this review offers insight into the important aspects one must consider when using porous membranes in tissue barrier and lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
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83
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Kühlbach C, da Luz S, Baganz F, Hass VC, Mueller MM. A Microfluidic System for the Investigation of Tumor Cell Extravasation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E40. [PMID: 29882894 PMCID: PMC6027408 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of cancer cells is a very complex process. It includes the intravasation of cells into the metastatic pathways, their passive distribution within the blood or lymph flow, and their extravasation into the surrounding tissue. Crucial steps during extravasation are the adhesion of the tumor cells to the endothelium and their transendothelial migration. However, the molecular mechanisms that are underlying this process are still not fully understood. Novel three dimensional (3D) models for research on the metastatic cascade include the use of microfluidic devices. Different from two dimensional (2D) models, these devices take cell⁻cell, structural, and mechanical interactions into account. Here we introduce a new microfluidic device in order to study tumor extravasation. The device consists of three different parts, containing two microfluidic channels and a porous membrane sandwiched in between them. A smaller channel together with the membrane represents the vessel equivalent and is seeded separately with primary endothelial cells (EC) that are isolated from the lung artery. The second channel acts as reservoir to collect the migrated tumor cells. In contrast to many other systems, this device does not need an additional coating to allow EC growth, as the primary EC that is used produces their own basement membrane. VE-Cadherin, an endothelial adherence junction protein, was expressed in regular localization, which indicates a tight barrier function and cell⁻cell connections of the endothelium. The EC in the device showed in vivo-like behavior under flow conditions. The GFP-transfected tumor cells that were introduced were of epithelial or mesenchymal origin and could be observed by live cell imaging, which indicates tightly adherent tumor cells to the endothelial lining under different flow conditions. These results suggest that the new device can be used for research on molecular requirements, conditions, and mechanism of extravasation and its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kühlbach
- Department of Mechanical und Medical Engineering, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen 78054, Germany.
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Sabrina da Luz
- Hahn-Schickard, Villingen-Schwenningen 78054, Germany, .
| | - Frank Baganz
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Volker C Hass
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- HFU Hochschule Furtwangen, Department Medical and Life Science, Villingen-Schwenningen 78054, Germany.
| | - Margareta M Mueller
- Department of Mechanical und Medical Engineering, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen 78054, Germany.
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84
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Bogorad MI, DeStefano J, Wong AD, Searson PC. Tissue-engineered 3D microvessel and capillary network models for the study of vascular phenomena. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28164421 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering, cell biology, microfabrication, and microfluidics have led to the development of a wide range of vascular models. Here, we review platforms based on templated microvessel fabrication to generate increasingly complex vascular models of (i) the tumor microenvironment, (ii) occluded microvessels, and (iii) perfused capillary networks. We outline fabrication guidelines and demonstrate a number of experimental methods for probing vascular function such as permeability measurements, tumor cell intravasation, flow characterization, and endothelial cell morphology and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max I Bogorad
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jackson DeStefano
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Wong
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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85
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Carranza-Rosales P, Guzmán-Delgado NE, Carranza-Torres IE, Viveros-Valdez E, Morán-Martínez J. Breast Organotypic Cancer Models. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018:199-223. [PMID: 29556825 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type diagnosed in women, it represents a critical public health problem worldwide, with 1,671,149 estimated new cases and nearly 571,000 related deaths. Research on breast cancer has mainly been conducted using two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and animal models. The usefulness of these models is reflected in the vast knowledge accumulated over the past decades. However, considering that animal models are three-dimensional (3D) in nature, the validity of the studies using 2D cell cultures has recently been questioned. Although animal models are important in cancer research, ethical questions arise about their use and usefulness as there is no clear predictivity of human disease outcome and they are very expensive and take too much time to obtain results. The poor performance or failure of most cancer drugs suggests that preclinical research on cancer has been based on an over-dependence on inadequate animal models. For these reasons, in the last few years development of alternative models has been prioritized to study human breast cancer behavior, while maintaining a 3D microenvironment, and to reduce the number of experiments conducted in animals. One way to achieve this is using organotypic cultures, which are being more frequently explored in cancer research because they mimic tissue architecture in vivo. These characteristics make organotypic cultures a valuable tool in cancer research as an alternative to replace animal models and for predicting risk assessment in humans. This chapter describes the cultures of multicellular spheroids, organoids, 3D bioreactors, and tumor slices, which are the most widely used organotypic models in breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Nancy Elena Guzmán-Delgado
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad # 34, División de Investigación, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Irma Edith Carranza-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Javier Morán-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ultraestructura, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
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86
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Tsai HF, Trubelja A, Shen AQ, Bao G. Tumour-on-a-chip: microfluidic models of tumour morphology, growth and microenvironment. J R Soc Interface 2018. [PMID: 28637915 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death, albeit enormous efforts to cure the disease. To overcome the major challenges in cancer therapy, we need to have a better understanding of the tumour microenvironment (TME), as well as a more effective means to screen anti-cancer drug leads; both can be achieved using advanced technologies, including the emerging tumour-on-a-chip technology. Here, we review the recent development of the tumour-on-a-chip technology, which integrates microfluidics, microfabrication, tissue engineering and biomaterials research, and offers new opportunities for building and applying functional three-dimensional in vitro human tumour models for oncology research, immunotherapy studies and drug screening. In particular, tumour-on-a-chip microdevices allow well-controlled microscopic studies of the interaction among tumour cells, immune cells and cells in the TME, of which simple tissue cultures and animal models are not amenable to do. The challenges in developing the next-generation tumour-on-a-chip technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Fu Tsai
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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87
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Kong J, Luo Y, Jin D, An F, Zhang W, Liu L, Li J, Fang S, Li X, Yang X, Lin B, Liu T. A novel microfluidic model can mimic organ-specific metastasis of circulating tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78421-78432. [PMID: 27191997 PMCID: PMC5346650 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A biomimetic microsystem might compensate costly and time-consuming animal metastatic models. Herein we developed a biomimetic microfluidic model to study cancer metastasis. Primary cells isolated from different organs were cultured on the microlfuidic model to represent individual organs. Breast and salivary gland cancer cells were driven to flow over primary cell culture chambers, mimicking dynamic adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to endothelium in vivo. These flowing artificial CTCs showed different metastatic potentials to lung on the microfluidic model. The traditional nude mouse model of lung metastasis was performed to investigate the physiological similarity of the microfluidic model to animal models. It was found that the metastatic potential of different cancer cells assessed by the microfluidic model was in agreement with that assessed by the nude mouse model. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the metastatic inhibitor AMD3100 inhibited lung metastasis effectively in both the microfluidic model and the nude mouse model. Then the microfluidic model was used to mimick liver and bone metastasis of CTCs and confirm the potential for research of multiple-organ metastasis. Thus, the metastasis of CTCs to different organs was reconstituted on the microfluidic model. It may expand the capabilities of traditional cell culture models, providing a low-cost, time-saving, and rapid alternative to animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Jin
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan An
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lilu Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shimeng Fang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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88
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A Comparison of Red Cell Rejuvenation versus Mechanical Washing for the Prevention of Transfusion-associated Organ Injury in Swine. Anesthesiology 2018; 128:375-385. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We evaluated the effects of two interventions that modify the red cell storage lesion on kidney and lung injury in experimental models of transfusion.
Methods
White–landrace pigs (n = 32) were allocated to receive sham transfusion (crystalloid), 14-day stored allogeneic red cells, 14-day red cells washed using the red cells washing/salvage system (CATS; Fresenius, Germany), or 14-day red cells rejuvenated using the inosine solution (Rejuvesol solution; Zimmer Biomet, USA) and washed using the CATS device. Functional, biochemical, and histologic markers of organ injury were assessed for up to 24 h posttransfusion.
Results
Transfusion of 14 day red cells resulted in lung injury (lung injury score vs. sham, mean difference −0.3 (95% CI, −0.6 to −0.1; P = 0.02), pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, and tissue leukocyte sequestration. Mechanical washing reduced red cell–derived microvesicles but increased cell-free hemoglobin in 14-day red cell units. Transfusion of washed red cells reduced leukocyte sequestration but did not reduce the lung injury score (mean difference −0.2; 95% CI, −0.5 to 0.1; P = 0.19) relative to 14-day cells. Transfusion of washed red cells also increased endothelial activation and kidney injury. Rejuvenation restored adenosine triphosphate to that of fresh red cells and reduced microvesicle concentrations without increasing cell-free hemoglobin release. Transfusion of rejuvenated red cells reduced plasma cell-free hemoglobin, leukocyte sequestration, and endothelial dysfunction in recipients and reduced lung and kidney injury relative to 14-day or washed 14-day cells.
Conclusions
Reversal of the red cell storage lesion by rejuvenation reduces transfusion-associated organ injury in swine.
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89
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Nawroth J, Rogal J, Weiss M, Brucker SY, Loskill P. Organ-on-a-Chip Systems for Women's Health Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28985032 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research, for a long time, has paid little attention to the influence of sex in many areas of study, ranging from molecular and cellular biology to animal models and clinical studies on human subjects. Many studies solely rely on male cells/tissues/animals/humans, although there are profound differences in male and female physiology, which can significantly impact disease mechanisms, toxicity of compounds, and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. In vitro systems have been traditionally very limited in their capacity to recapitulate female-specific physiology and anatomy such as dynamic sex-hormone levels and the complex interdependencies of female reproductive tract organs. However, the advent of microphysiological organ-on-a-chip systems, which attempt to recreate the 3D structure and function of human organs, now gives researchers the opportunity to integrate cells and tissues from a variety of individuals. Moreover, adding a dynamic flow environment allows mimicking endocrine signaling during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, as well as providing a controlled microfluidic environment for pharmacokinetic modeling. This review gives an introduction into preclinical and clinical research on women's health and discusses where organ-on-a-chip systems are already utilized or have the potential to deliver new insights and enable entirely new types of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Rogal
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; University Medicine Tübingen; Calwerstrasse 7 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; University Medicine Tübingen; Calwerstrasse 7 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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90
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Geraili A, Jafari P, Hassani MS, Araghi BH, Mohammadi MH, Ghafari AM, Tamrin SH, Modarres HP, Kolahchi AR, Ahadian S, Sanati-Nezhad A. Controlling Differentiation of Stem Cells for Developing Personalized Organ-on-Chip Platforms. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28910516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms have attracted attentions of pharmaceutical companies as powerful tools for screening of existing drugs and development of new drug candidates. OOCs have primarily used human cell lines or primary cells to develop biomimetic tissue models. However, the ability of human stem cells in unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages has made them attractive for OOCs. The microfluidic technology has enabled precise control of stem cell differentiation using soluble factors, biophysical cues, and electromagnetic signals. This study discusses different tissue- and organ-on-chip platforms (i.e., skin, brain, blood-brain barrier, bone marrow, heart, liver, lung, tumor, and vascular), with an emphasis on the critical role of stem cells in the synthesis of complex tissues. This study further recaps the design, fabrication, high-throughput performance, and improved functionality of stem-cell-based OOCs, technical challenges, obstacles against implementing their potential applications, and future perspectives related to different experimental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
| | - Parya Jafari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering; Carleton University; 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa K1S 5B6 ON Canada
| | - Behnaz Heidary Araghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Mohammad Ghafari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology; Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology; Tehran 16635-148 Iran
| | - Sara Hasanpour Tamrin
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; Biomedical Engineering Program; University of Calgary; Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
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91
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Ahadian S, Civitarese R, Bannerman D, Mohammadi MH, Lu R, Wang E, Davenport-Huyer L, Lai B, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Mandla S, Korolj A, Radisic M. Organ-On-A-Chip Platforms: A Convergence of Advanced Materials, Cells, and Microscale Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29034591 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs, referred to as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, have emerged as a powerful tool in tissue analysis and disease modeling for biological and pharmacological applications. A variety of biomaterials are used in tissue fabrication providing multiple biological, structural, and mechanical cues in the regulation of cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. Cells derived from humans enable the fabrication of personalized OOC platforms. Microscale technologies are specifically helpful in providing physiological microenvironments for tissues and organs. In this review, biomaterials, cells, and microscale technologies are described as essential components to construct OOC platforms. The latest developments in OOC platforms (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac, cancer, lung, skin, bone, and brain) are then discussed as functional tools in simulating human physiology and metabolism. Future perspectives and major challenges in the development of OOC platforms toward accelerating clinical studies of drug discovery are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Robert Civitarese
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Rick Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Erika Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Locke Davenport-Huyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Ben Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
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92
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Park J, Wetzel I, Dréau D, Cho H. 3D Miniaturization of Human Organs for Drug Discovery. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28885786 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
"Engineered human organs" hold promises for predicting the effectiveness and accuracy of drug responses while reducing cost, time, and failure rates in clinical trials. Multiorgan human models utilize many aspects of currently available technologies including self-organized spherical 3D human organoids, microfabricated 3D human organ chips, and 3D bioprinted human organ constructs to mimic key structural and functional properties of human organs. They enable precise control of multicellular activities, extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions, spatial distributions of cells, architectural organizations of ECM, and environmental cues. Thus, engineered human organs can provide the microstructures and biological functions of target organs and advantageously substitute multiscaled drug-testing platforms including the current in vitro molecular assays, cell platforms, and in vivo models. This review provides an overview of advanced innovative designs based on the three main technologies used for organ construction leading to single and multiorgan systems useable for drug development. Current technological challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science; Department of Biological Sciences; The Nanoscale Science Program; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science; UNC Charlotte; 9201 University City Blvd Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - Isaac Wetzel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science; Department of Biological Sciences; The Nanoscale Science Program; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science; UNC Charlotte; 9201 University City Blvd Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science; Department of Biological Sciences; The Nanoscale Science Program; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science; UNC Charlotte; 9201 University City Blvd Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science; Department of Biological Sciences; The Nanoscale Science Program; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science; UNC Charlotte; 9201 University City Blvd Charlotte NC 28223 USA
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93
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Huang BW, Gao JQ. Application of 3D cultured multicellular spheroid tumor models in tumor-targeted drug delivery system research. J Control Release 2017; 270:246-259. [PMID: 29233763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery systems are promising for their advantages in enhanced tumor accumulation and reduced toxicity towards normal organs. However, few nanomedicines have been successfully translated into clinical application. One reason is the gap between current pre-clinical and clinical studies. The prevalent in vitro models utilized in pre-clinical phase are mainly based on the two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and are limited by the difficulty of simulating three-dimensional physiological conditions in human body, such as three-dimensional (3D) architecture, cell heterogeneity, nutrient gradients and the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, traditional animal models have drawbacks such as high-cost, long periods and physiological differences between animal and human. On the other hand, the employment of 3D tumor cell culture models, especially multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), has increased significantly in recent decades. These models have been shown to simulate 3D structures of tumors in vitro with relatively low cost and simple protocols. Currently, MCTS have also been widely exploited in drug delivery system research for comprehensive study of drug efficacy, drug penetration, receptor targeting, and cell recruitment abilities. This review summarizes the delivery barriers for nano-carriers presented in tumor microenvironment, the characteristics and formation methods for applicable multicellular tumor spheroid culture models and recent studies related to their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery system research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Wei Huang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21231, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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94
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Ham SL, Thakuri PS, Plaster M, Li J, Luker KE, Luker GD, Tavana H. Three-dimensional tumor model mimics stromal - breast cancer cells signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 9:249-267. [PMID: 29416611 PMCID: PMC5787462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor stroma is a major contributor to the biological aggressiveness of cancer cells. Cancer cells induce activation of normal fibroblasts to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promote survival, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. A better understanding of these interactions could lead to new, targeted therapies for cancers with limited treatment options, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To overcome limitations of standard monolayer cell cultures and xenograft models that lack tumor complexity and/or human stroma, we have developed a high throughput tumor spheroid technology utilizing a polymeric aqueous two-phase system to conveniently model interactions of CAFs and TNBC cells and quantify effects on signaling and drug resistance of cancer cells. We focused on signaling by chemokine CXCL12, a hallmark molecule secreted by CAFs, and receptor CXCR4, a driver of tumor progression and metastasis in TNBC. Using three-dimensional stromal-TNBC cells cultures, we demonstrate that CXCL12 – CXCR4 signaling significantly increases growth of TNBC cells and drug resistance through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Despite resistance to standard chemotherapy, upregulation of MAPK and PI3K signaling sensitizes TNBC cells in co-culture spheroids to specific inhibitors of these kinase pathways. Furthermore, disrupting CXCL12 – CXCR4 signaling diminishes drug resistance of TNBC cells in co-culture spheroid models. This work illustrates the capability to identify mechanisms of drug resistance and overcome them using our engineered model of tumor-stromal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lemmo Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Madison Plaster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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95
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Mannino RG, Pandian NK, Jain A, Lam WA. Engineering "Endothelialized" Microfluidics for Investigating Vascular and Hematologic Processes Using Non-Traditional Fabrication Techniques. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 5:13-20. [PMID: 29756078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the complex interplay between blood cells and the endothelium is crucial in understanding the pathophysiology of many diseases. Observation of the in vivo vasculature is difficult due to the complexities of vessel geometry, limited visualization capability, as well as variability and complexity inherent to biologic systems. Therefore, in vitro systems serve as ideal tools to study these cellular interactions. Microfluidic technologies are an ideal tool for recapitulating the vasculature in vivo as they can be used to fabricate fluidic channels on the size scale capillaries using gas permeable, biologically inert, and optically transparent substrates. Microfluidic channels can be vascularized by coating the inner surface of the microchannels with a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells, representing a reductionist, tightly controlled, in vitro model of the microvasculature. In this review, we present advances in the field of "endothelialized" microfluidics, focusing specifically on non-traditional fabrication and endothelialization techniques. We then summarize the various applications of endothelialized microfluidics, and speculate on the future directions of the field, including the exciting applications to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Mannino
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Atlanta, GA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center
- Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Navaneeth Kr Pandian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Atlanta, GA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center
- Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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96
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Caballero D, Kaushik S, Correlo V, Oliveira J, Reis R, Kundu S. Organ-on-chip models of cancer metastasis for future personalized medicine: From chip to the patient. Biomaterials 2017; 149:98-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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97
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Klicks J, von Molitor E, Ertongur-Fauth T, Rudolf R, Hafner M. In vitro skin three-dimensional models and their applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/jcb-179004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klicks
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena von Molitor
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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98
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Abstract
The principles of engineering and physics have been applied to oncology for nearly 50 years. Engineers and physical scientists have made contributions to all aspects of cancer biology, from quantitative understanding of tumour growth and progression to improved detection and treatment of cancer. Many early efforts focused on experimental and computational modelling of drug distribution, cell cycle kinetics and tumour growth dynamics. In the past decade, we have witnessed exponential growth at the interface of engineering, physics and oncology that has been fuelled by advances in fields including materials science, microfabrication, nanomedicine, microfluidics, imaging, and catalysed by new programmes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), including the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), Physical Sciences in Oncology, and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Alliance for Nanotechnology. Here, we review the advances made at the interface of engineering and physical sciences and oncology in four important areas: the physical microenvironment of the tumour and technological advances in drug delivery; cellular and molecular imaging; and microfluidics and microfabrication. We discussthe research advances, opportunities and challenges for integrating engineering and physical sciences with oncology to develop new methods to study, detect and treat cancer, and we also describe the future outlook for these emerging areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, David H. Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumour Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom Street, Cox 7, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, David H. Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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99
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Methods to Evaluate Cell Growth, Viability, and Response to Treatment in a Tissue Engineered Breast Cancer Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14167. [PMID: 29074857 PMCID: PMC5658356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of in vitro, engineered surrogates in the field of cancer research is of interest for studies involving mechanisms of growth and metastasis, and response to therapeutic intervention. While biomimetic surrogates better model human disease, their complex composition and dimensionality make them challenging to evaluate in a real-time manner. This feature has hindered the broad implementation of these models, particularly in drug discovery. Herein, several methods and approaches for the real-time, non-invasive analysis of cell growth and response to treatment in tissue-engineered, three-dimensional models of breast cancer are presented. The tissue-engineered surrogates used to demonstrate these methods consist of breast cancer epithelial cells and fibroblasts within a three dimensional volume of extracellular matrix and are continuously perfused with nutrients via a bioreactor system. Growth of the surrogates over time was measured using optical in vivo (IVIS) imaging. Morphologic changes in specific cell populations were evaluated by multi-photon confocal microscopy. Response of the surrogates to treatment with paclitaxel was measured by optical imaging and by analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 in the perfused medium. Each method described can be repeatedly performed during culture, allowing for real-time, longitudinal analysis of cell populations within engineered tumor models.
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100
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Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Ayuso JM, Olave M, Monge R, de Miguel D, Martínez-Lostao L, Le Gac S, Doblare M, Ochoa I, Fernandez LJ. Multiwell capillarity-based microfluidic device for the study of 3D tumour tissue-2D endothelium interactions and drug screening in co-culture models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11998. [PMID: 28931839 PMCID: PMC5607255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is very complex, and essential in tumour development and drug resistance. The endothelium is critical in the tumour microenvironment: it provides nutrients and oxygen to the tumour and is essential for systemic drug delivery. Therefore, we report a simple, user-friendly microfluidic device for co-culture of a 3D breast tumour model and a 2D endothelium model for cross-talk and drug delivery studies. First, we demonstrated the endothelium was functional, whereas the tumour model exhibited in vivo features, e.g., oxygen gradients and preferential proliferation of cells with better access to nutrients and oxygen. Next, we observed the endothelium structure lost its integrity in the co-culture. Following this, we evaluated two drug formulations of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand): soluble and anchored to a LUV (large unilamellar vesicle). Both diffused through the endothelium, LUV-TRAIL being more efficient in killing tumour cells, showing no effect on the integrity of endothelium. Overall, we have developed a simple capillary force-based microfluidic device for 2D and 3D cell co-cultures. Our device allows high-throughput approaches, patterning different cell types and generating gradients without specialised equipment. We anticipate this microfluidic device will facilitate drug screening in a relevant microenvironment thanks to its simple, effective and user-friendly operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, United States
| | - José María Ayuso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, 53705, Wisconsin, United States.,Medical Engineering, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard Street, Madison, 53715, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Marta Olave
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Rosa Monge
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,BEONCHIP S.L., Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Calle de Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Biomedical Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Aragon Institute of Biomedical Research (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Department of Immunology, University Clinical Hospital Lozano Blesa, Padre Arrupe, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience of Aragón (INA), Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Research and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Doblare
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,Aragon Institute of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain. .,Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. .,Aragon Institute of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
| | - Luis J Fernandez
- Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain. .,Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. .,Aragon Institute of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
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