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Marvaso G, Barone A, Amodio N, Raimondi L, Agosti V, Altomare E, Scotti V, Lombardi A, Bianco R, Bianco C, Caraglia M, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P. Sphingosine analog fingolimod (FTY720) increases radiation sensitivity of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:797-805. [PMID: 24657936 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for breast cancer patients, although its efficacy may be reduced by intrinsic radiation resistance of cancer cells. Recent investigations demonstrate a link between cancer cell radio-resistance and activation of sphingosine kinase (SphK1), which plays a key role in the balance of lipid signaling molecules. Sphingosine kinase (SphK1) activity can alter the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/ceramide ratio leading to an imbalance in the sphingolipid rheostat. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a novel sphingosine analog and a potent immunosuppressive drug that acts as a SphK1 antagonist, inhibits the growth, and induces apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines. We sought to investigate the in vitro radiosensitizing effects of FTY720 on the MDA-MB-361 breast cancer cell line and to assess the effects elicited by radiation and FTY720 combined treatments. We found that FTY720 significantly increased anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects induced by a single dose of ionizing radiation while causing autophagosome accumulation. At the molecular level, FTY720 significantly potentiated radiation effects on perturbation of signaling pathways involved in regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK. In conclusion, our data highlight a potent radiosensitizing effect of FTY720 on breast cancer cells and provide the basis of novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marvaso
- Radiation Oncology; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Agnese Barone
- Radiation Oncology; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Medical Oncology Unit; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- Medical Oncology Unit; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valter Agosti
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Catanzaro, Italy; CIS for Genomics and Molecular Pathology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Altomare
- Medical Oncology Unit; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology; Biomorphological and Functional Sciences; University "Federico II" of Naples; Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Bianco
- Radiation Oncology; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Medical Oncology Unit; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Medical Oncology Unit; Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and T. Campanella Cancer Center; Catanzaro, Italy
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52
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Don AS, Lim XY, Couttas TA. Re-configuration of sphingolipid metabolism by oncogenic transformation. Biomolecules 2014; 4:315-53. [PMID: 24970218 PMCID: PMC4030989 DOI: 10.3390/biom4010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids are one of the major lipid families in eukaryotes, incorporating a diverse array of structural variants that exert a powerful influence over cell fate and physiology. Increased expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which catalyses the synthesis of the pro-survival, pro-angiogenic metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is well established as a hallmark of multiple cancers. Metabolic alterations that reduce levels of the pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide, particularly its glucosylation by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), have frequently been associated with cancer drug resistance. However, the simple notion that the balance between ceramide and S1P, often referred to as the sphingolipid rheostat, dictates cell survival contrasts with recent studies showing that highly potent and selective SPHK1 inhibitors do not affect cancer cell proliferation or survival, and studies demonstrating higher ceramide levels in some metastatic cancers. Recent reports have implicated other sphingolipid metabolic enzymes such as acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) more strongly in cancer pathogenesis, and highlight lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism as a possible weak point for therapeutic targeting in cancer. This review describes the evidence implicating different sphingolipid metabolic enzymes and their products in cancer pathogenesis, and suggests how newer systems-level approaches may improve our overall understanding of how oncogenic transformation reconfigures sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Don
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Xin Y Lim
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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53
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Plano D, Amin S, Sharma AK. Importance of sphingosine kinase (SphK) as a target in developing cancer therapeutics and recent developments in the synthesis of novel SphK inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5509-24. [PMID: 24471412 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is an oncogenic lipid kinase that regulates the sphingolipid metabolic pathway that has been shown to play a role in numerous hyperproliferative/inflammatory diseases. The SphK isoforms (SphK1 and SphK2) catalyze the conversion of the proapoptotic substrate d-erythrosphingosine to the promitogenic/migratory product sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Accumulation of S1P has been linked to the development/progression of cancer and various other diseases including, but not limited to, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetic nephropathy. SphK therefore represents a potential new target for developing novel therapeutics for cancer and other diseases. This finding has stimulated the development and evaluation of numerous SphK inhibitors over the past decade or so. In this review, we highlight the recent advancement in the field of SphK inhibitors including SphK1 and SphK2 specific inhibitors. Both sphingolipid based and nolipidic small molecule inhibitors and their importance in treatment of cancer and other diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine , 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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54
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Chautard E, Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Verrelle P. Role of Akt in human malignant glioma: from oncogenesis to tumor aggressiveness. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:205-15. [PMID: 24477623 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gathering evidence has revealed that Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in glioma progression and aggressiveness. Among Akt kinases the most studied, Akt1, has been involved in many cellular processes that are in favor of cell malignancy. More recently, the actions of the two other isoforms, Akt2 and Akt3 have emerged in glioma. After a description of Akt pathway activation, we will explore the role of each isoform in malignant glioma that strengthens the current preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of Akt pathway targeting in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA7283 CREaT, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
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Park EJ, Woo SM, Min KJ, Kwon TK. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of Bim controls apoptosis in melatonin-treated human renal cancer Caki cells. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:97-106. [PMID: 24117987 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has recently gained attention as an anticancer agent and for combined cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the effects of melatonin on cancer cell death. Treatment with melatonin induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) in renal cancer Caki cells. Furthermore, downregulation of Bim expression by siRNA markedly reduced melatonin-mediated apoptosis. Melatonin increased Bim mRNA expression through the induction of Sp1 and E2F1 expression and transcriptional activity. We found that melatonin also modulated Bim protein stability through the inhibition of proteasome activity. However, melatonin-induced Bim upregulation was independent of melatonin's antioxidant properties and the melatonin receptor. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin induces apoptosis through the upregulation of Bim expression at the transcriptional level and at the post-translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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56
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Emerging roles of lipids in BCL-2 family-regulated apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1542-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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57
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Upregulated expression of NF-YC contributes to neuronal apoptosis via proapoptotic protein bim in rats' brain hippocampus following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). J Mol Neurosci 2013; 52:552-65. [PMID: 24014123 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia represents a severe brain injury that could lead to significant neuronal damage and death. In this study, we performed a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult rats and observed that a subunit of nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcriptional factor, NF-YC, was accumulated in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. Immunochemistrical and immunofluorescent analysis revealed that NF-YC was primarily expressed in the nucleus of neurons. Meanwhile, we found that the changes of bim, one of the target genes of NF-Y, were consistent with the expression of NF-YC and Bim was mainly located in the NF-YC positive cells. Moreover, there was a concomitant upregulation of active caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells. Taken together, these results suggested that the upregulation of NF-YC might play an important role in the pathophysiology via proapoptotic protein Bim after MCAO and further research is needed to have a better understanding of its function and mechanism.
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58
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Vadlakonda L, Dash A, Pasupuleti M, Anil Kumar K, Reddanna P. The Paradox of Akt-mTOR Interactions. Front Oncol 2013; 3:165. [PMID: 23802099 PMCID: PMC3687210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine threonine protein kinase, Akt, is at the central hub of signaling pathways that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and survival. The reciprocal relation that exists between the two activating phosphorylation sites of Akt, T308 and S473, and the two mTOR complexes, C1 and C2, forms the central controlling hub that regulates these cellular functions. In our previous review “PI3Kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways in cell cycle” we discussed the reciprocal relation between mTORC1 and C2 complexes in regulating cell metabolism and cell cycle progression in cancer cells. We present in this article, a hypothesis that activation of Akt-T308 phosphorylation in the presence of high ATP:AMP ratio promotes the stability of its phosphorylations and activates mTORC1 and the energy consuming biosynthetic processes. Depletion of energy leads to inactivation of mTORC1, activation of AMPK, FoxO, and promotes constitution of mTORC2 that leads to phosphorylation of Akt S473. Akt can also be activated independent of PI3K; this appears to have an advantage under situations like dietary restrictions, where insulin/insulin growth factor signaling could be a casualty.
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Abstract
The role of sphingolipids as bioactive signaling molecules that can regulate cell fate decisions puts them at center stage for cancer treatment and prevention. While ceramide and sphingosine have been established as antigrowth molecules, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) offers a progrowth message to cells. The enzymes responsible for maintaining the balance between these "stop" or "go" signals are the sphingosine kinases (SK), SK1 and SK2. While the relative contribution of SK2 is still being elucidated and may involve an intranuclear role, a substantial amount of evidence suggests that regulation of sphingolipid levels by SK1 is an important component of carcinogenesis. Here, we review the literature regarding the role of SK1 as an oncogene that can function to enhance cancer cell viability and promote tumor growth and metastasis; highlighting the importance of developing specific SK1 inhibitors to supplement current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Heffernan-Stroud
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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60
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Zhang C, He H, Zhang H, Yu D, Zhao W, Chen Y, Shao R. The blockage of Ras/ERK pathway augments the sensitivity of SphK1 inhibitor SKI II in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:35-41. [PMID: 23545258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenge and the future of cancer therapy will incorporate rational combinations directed to molecular targets that cooperate to drive critical pro-survival signaling. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) has been shown to regulate various processes important for cancer progression. Given the up-regulated expression of SphK1 in response to the silence of N-ras and other interactions between Ras/ERK and SphK1, it was speculated that combined inhibition of Ras/ERK and SphK1 would create enhanced antitumor effects. Experimental results showed that dual blockage of N-ras/ERK and SphK1 resulted in enhanced growth inhibitions in human hepatoma cells. Similarly, MEK1/2 Inhibitor U0126 potentiated SKI II-induced apoptosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells, consistently with the further attenuation of Akt/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. It was also shown that the combination of SKI II and U0126 further attenuated the migration of hepatoma HepG2 cells via FAK/MLC-2 signaling pathway. Taken together, the dual inhibition of SphK1 and Ras/ERK pathway resulted in enhanced effects, which might be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
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61
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Cai J, Guan H, Fang L, Yang Y, Zhu X, Yuan J, Wu J, Li M. MicroRNA-374a activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote breast cancer metastasis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:566-79. [PMID: 23321667 DOI: 10.1172/jci65871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis involves a series of biological steps during which the tumor cells acquire the ability to invade surrounding tissues and survive outside the original tumor site. During the early stages, the cancer cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Wnt/β-catenin signaling is known to drive EMT and metastasis. Here we report that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is hyperactivated in metastatic breast cancer cells that express microRNA 374a (miR-374a). In breast cancer cell lines, ectopic overexpression of miR-374a promoted EMT and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-374a directly targeted and suppressed multiple negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, including WIF1, PTEN, and WNT5A. Notably, miR-374a was markedly upregulated in primary tumor samples from patients with distant metastases and was associated with poor metastasis-free survival. These results demonstrate that miR-374a maintains constitutively activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may represent a therapeutic target for early metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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62
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Rosa R, Marciano R, Malapelle U, Formisano L, Nappi L, D'Amato C, D'Amato V, Damiano V, Marfè G, Del Vecchio S, Zannetti A, Greco A, De Stefano A, Carlomagno C, Veneziani BM, Troncone G, De Placido S, Bianco R. Sphingosine kinase 1 overexpression contributes to cetuximab resistance in human colorectal cancer models. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:138-47. [PMID: 23166225 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the anti-EGF receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab is an effective strategy in colorectal cancer therapy, its clinical use is limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance. Alterations in the "sphingolipid rheostat"-the balance between the proapoptotic molecule ceramide and the mitogenic factor sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-due to sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) overactivation have been involved in resistance to anticancer-targeted agents. Moreover, cross-talks between SphK1 and EGFR-dependent signaling pathways have been described. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated SphK1 contribution to cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer, in preclinical in vitro/in vivo models, and in tumor specimens from patients. RESULTS SphK1 was found overexpressed and overactivated in colorectal cancer cells with intrinsic or acquired resistance to cetuximab. SphK1 contribution to resistance was supported by the demonstration that SphK1 inhibition by N,N-dimethyl-sphingosine or silencing via siRNA in resistant cells restores sensitivity to cetuximab, whereas exogenous SphK1 overexpression in sensitive cells confers resistance to these agents. Moreover, treatment of resistant cells with fingolimod (FTY720), a S1P receptor (S1PR) antagonist, resulted in resensitization to cetuximab both in vitro and in vivo, with inhibition of tumor growth, interference with signal transduction, induction of cancer cells apoptosis, and prolongation of mice survival. Finally, a correlation between SphK1 expression and cetuximab response was found in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rosa
- Dipartimenti di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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63
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Kalari S, Moolky N, Pendyala S, Berdyshev EV, Rolle C, Kanteti R, Kanteti A, Ma W, He D, Husain AN, Kindler HL, Kanteti P, Salgia R, Natarajan V. Sphingosine kinase 1 is required for mesothelioma cell proliferation: role of histone acetylation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45330. [PMID: 23028939 PMCID: PMC3444486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a devastating disease with an overall poor prognosis. Despite the recent advances in targeted molecular therapies, there is a clear and urgent need for the identification of novel mesothelioma targets for the development of highly efficacious therapeutics. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we report that the expression of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SphK1) protein was preferentially elevated in MPM tumor tissues (49 epithelioid and 13 sarcomatoid) compared to normal tissue (n = 13). In addition, we also observed significantly elevated levels of SphK1 and SphK2 mRNA and SphK1 protein expression in MPM cell lines such as H2691, H513 and H2461 compared to the non-malignant mesothelial Met5 cells. The underlying mechanism appears to be mediated by SphK1 induced upregulation of select gene transcription programs such as that of CBP/p300 and PCAF, two histone acetyl transferases (HAT), and the down regulation of cell cycle dependent kinase inhibitor genes such as p27Kip1 and p21Cip1. In addition, using immunoprecipitates of anti-acetylated histone antibody from SphK inhibitor, SphK-I2 treated Met5A and H2691 cell lysates, we also showed activation of other cell proliferation related genes, such as Top2A (DNA replication), AKB (chromosome remodeling and mitotic spindle formation), and suppression of p21 CIP1 and p27KIP1. The CDK2, HAT1 and MYST2 were, however, unaffected in the above study. Using SphK inhibitor and specific siRNA targeting either SphK1 or SphK2, we also unequivocally established that SphK1, but not SphK2, promotes H2691 mesothelioma cell proliferation. Using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes induced peritoneal mesothelioma mouse model, we showed that the SphK1−/− null mice exhibited significantly less inflammation and granulamatous nodules compared to their wild type counterparts. Conclusions/Significance The lipid kinase SphK1 plays a positive and essential role in the growth and development of malignant mesothelioma and is therefore a likely therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kalari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Nagabhushan Moolky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Srikanth Pendyala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Evgeny V. Berdyshev
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cleo Rolle
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rajani Kanteti
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Archana Kanteti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wenli Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Donghong He
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aliya N. Husain
- Pathology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hedy L. Kindler
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Prasad Kanteti
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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64
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The control of the balance between ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase: Oxidative stress and the seesaw of cell survival and death. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 163:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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65
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Madhunapantula SV, Hengst J, Gowda R, Fox TE, Yun JK, Robertson GP. Targeting sphingosine kinase-1 to inhibit melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:259-74. [PMID: 22236408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapies develops rapidly for melanoma leading to more aggressive disease. Therefore, agents are needed that specifically inhibit proteins or pathways controlling the development of this disease, which can be combined, dependent on genes deregulated in a particular patient's tumors. This study shows that elevated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) levels resulting from increased activity of sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) occur in advanced melanomas. Targeting SPHK1 using siRNA decreased anchorage-dependent and -independent growth as well as sensitized melanoma cells to apoptosis-inducing agents. Pharmacological SPHK1 inhibitors SKI-I but not SKI-II decreased S-1-P content, elevated ceramide levels, caused a G2-M block and induced apoptotic cell death in melanomas. Targeting SPHK1 using siRNA or the pharmacological agent called SKI-I decreased the levels of pAKT. Furthermore, SKI-I inhibited the expression of CYCLIN D1 protein and increased the activity of caspase-3/7, which in turn led to the degradation of PARP. In animals, SKI-I but not SKI-II retarded melanoma growth by 25-40%. Thus, targeting SPHK1 using siRNAs or SKI-I has therapeutic potential for melanoma treatment either alone or in combination with other targeted agents.
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Nasiraei-Moghadam S, Sherafat MA, Safari MS, Moradi F, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Reversal of prenatal morphine exposure-induced memory deficit in male but not female rats. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 50:58-69. [PMID: 22864979 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired memory performance in offspring is one of the long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences of prenatal opiate exposure. Here, we studied the effects of prenatal morphine exposure on inhibitory avoidance memory performance in male and female offspring and also investigated whether these deficits are reversible during the postnatal development. Pregnant Wistar rats received morphine sulfate through drinking water, from the first day of gestation up to the day 13, M₁₋₁₃, or to the time of delivery, M₁₋₂₁. Four- and ten-week-old (adolescent and adult, respectively) male and female offspring were subjected to behavioral assays and then analysis of proteins involved in apoptosis or in synaptic plasticity. Results revealed that adolescent and adult female rats failed in passive avoidance retention task in both M₁₋₁₃ and M₁₋₂₁ groups. Adolescent and adult male offspring were similar to control animals in M₁₋₁₃ group. However M₁₋₂₁ impaired retention task in prepubertal male offspring, and this memory loss was repaired in postpubertal stage. Consistently, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased in both M₁₋₁₃ and M₁₋₂₁ adolescent and adult female rats, but only in M₁₋₂₁ adolescent male rats. Furthermore, prenatal morphine exposure reduced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor protein in adolescent and adult female offspring and also decreased p-ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II/ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II ratio in adolescent male and female rats. Altogether, the results show that prenatal morphine exposure, depending on the time or duration of exposure, has distinct effects on male and female rats, and postnatal development may reverse these deficits more likely in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Nasiraei-Moghadam
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
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Tezil T, Bodur C, Kutuk O, Basaga H. IKK-β mediates chemoresistance by sequestering FOXO3; a critical factor for cell survival and death. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1361-8. [PMID: 22313691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs proved only 50% successful in breast cancer because of cell type-dependent resistance mechanisms. FOXO3 is known to be involved in the regulation of several cell death-related genes; however, the extent of FOXO3 regulation in chemoresistance is still not fully understood. Here, we show that FOXO3 critically mediates cisplatin chemosensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells which express higher levels of FOXO3 compared to resistant MDA-MB-231 cells. Administration of cisplatin induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in a FOXO3-dependent manner as indicated by RNA interference. On the other hand, IKK-β (IκB kinase) appears to inhibit FOXO3 action after cisplatin treatment and promotes chemoresistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. IKK-β directly interacts and sequesters FOXO3 in the cytosol preventing its nuclear localization. Moreover, cisplatin treatment induces autophagosome formation through LC-3 conversion while inhibiting the cleavage of caspase 9 and caspase 3 in MDA-MB-231 cells manipulated to overexpress FOXO3. In brief, our findings demonstrate that in addition to cellular level of active FOXO3, cisplatin chemoresistance is also regulated by IKK-β sequestration of FOXO3 in cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugsan Tezil
- Sabanci University, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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68
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Lim EJ, Park DW, Jeong TW, Chin BR, Bae YS, Baek SH. TRAIL is involved in CpG ODN-mediated anti-apoptotic signals. Oncol Rep 2011; 27:1213-8. [PMID: 22159760 PMCID: PMC3583470 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with the CpG-motifs are recognized by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which elicits an immune response. Serum starvation of Raw264.7 cells increased tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression. However, treatment with CpG ODN reduced TRAIL expression as well as apoptosis by serum starvation. In serum starved cells, TLR9 inhibitors recovered the decreasing TRAIL expression and sub-G1 accumulation by CpG ODN. CpG ODN-regulated anti-apoptotic signals which were dependent on the Akt-FoxO3a signaling pathway. CpG ODNs activated Akt and inactivated FoxO3a in serum starved cells. Knockdown of FoxO3a by siRNA decreased TRAIL expression and apoptosis in serum-starved cells. In contrast, FoxO3a overexpression increased apoptosis by serum starvation, and CpG ODNs blocked these effects through TRAIL expression. LY294002, a PI3K-Akt inhibitor, blocked the CpG ODN effect of TRAIL expression and the sub-G1 population in serum starved cells. In contrast, overexpression of wild-type Akt reduced additional sub-G1 cells both in non-CpG ODN- and CpG ODN-treated cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the involvement of Akt-FoxO3a signaling in TLR9-mediated downregulation of TRAIL and anti-apoptotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and its role in disease. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 22:50-60. [PMID: 22001186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 784] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is now recognized as a critical regulator of many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and osteoporosis. S1P is produced in cells by two sphingosine kinase isoenzymes, SphK1 and SphK2. Many cells secrete S1P, which can then act in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Most of the known actions of S1P are mediated by a family of five specific G protein-coupled receptors. More recently, it was shown that S1P also has important intracellular targets involved in inflammation, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that S1P actions are much more complex than previously thought, with important ramifications for development of therapeutics. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of S1P and its roles in disease.
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70
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Guan H, Liu L, Cai J, Liu J, Ye C, Li M, Li Y. Sphingosine kinase 1 is overexpressed and promotes proliferation in human thyroid cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1858-66. [PMID: 21940753 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), an oncogenic kinase, has been previously found to be elevated in various types of human cancer and play a role in tumor development and progression. Nevertheless, the biological and clinical significance of SphK1 in thyroid cancer is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of SphK1 is generally up-regulated in thyroid cancer and that its expression level is correlated with the degree of thyroid malignancy. Silencing SphK1 by specific RNA interference is able to suppress the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells, and SphK1 expression level is strongly associated with the expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen in thyroid cancer tissues. Of particular note is that depletion of SphK1 results in dephosphorylation of protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase-3β and subsequent inactivation of β-catenin-T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancing factor transcriptional activity. Hence, taken together, our study has identified SphK1 as a proproliferative oncogenic kinase, an Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin activator, and probably a biomarker for thyroid cancer as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang H, Zhang Q, Wen Q, Zheng Y, Lazarovici P, Philip L, Jiang H, Lin J, Zheng W. Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa (PRAS40): a novel downstream target of PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2011; 24:17-24. [PMID: 21906675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Modifications in signaling of the proline-rich Akt substrate of 40-kDa (PRAS40) pathway is implicated in type 2 diabetes and melanoma. PRAS40 is known for its ability to regulate the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase activity, possessing a key regulatory role at the cross point of signal transduction pathways activated by growth factor receptors. Recently it has been found that PRAS40 is regulated by its upstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) which is activated by many tyrosine kinase receptors growth factors including insulin-like growth factor 1. Also, PRAS40 functions downstream of mTORC1 and upstream from its effectors ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt and mTORC1 disrupts the binding between mTORC1 and PRAS40, and relieves the inhibitory constraint of PRAS40 on mTORC1 activity. This review summarizes the signaling regulating PRAS40 phosphorylation, as well as the dual function of PRAS40 as substrate and inhibitor of mTORC1 upon growth factor stimulation and under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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