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Wang M, Wang Y, Yan Y, Zhu C, Huang L, Shao X, Xu J, Zhu H, Sun X, Ji W, Chen Z. Clinical and laboratory profiles of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 29:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wu JJ, Jin Y, Lin N, Xie ZP, Yu JM, Li JS, Cao CQ, Yuan XH, Song JR, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Gao XQ, Duan ZJ. Detection of human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Lanzhou and Nanjing, China. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2014; 27:841-848. [PMID: 25374017 PMCID: PMC7134634 DOI: 10.3967/bes2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the prevalent characteristics of HBoV1 and its co-infection. METHODS PCR was used to detect HBoV1-DNA (HBoV1) and other viruses. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore possibility of co-detected for related viruses. RESULTS The positivity rates in Nanjing and Lanzhou were 9.38% (74/789) and 11.62% (161/1386), respectively (P>0.05). The HBoV1 positive group was younger than negative group (P<0.05). Seasonal differences were noted, with a higher frequency of infection in December and July. HBoV1-positive children [72.34% (169/235)] were co-infected with other respiratory viruses. Multifactorial analysis showed no correlations between HBoV1 and the clinical classification, region, gender, age, or treatment as an outpatient or in a hospital. Correlations were identified between HBoV1 infections with ADV (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.28), RSV (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98), and IFVA (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.00-3.13). CONCLUSION Presence of HBoV1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates did not correlate with region or gender, although the prevalence of HBoV1 was higher in younger children. There were no correlations between HBoV1 and other variables, except for the season and ADV, RSV, or IFVA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jun Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Lin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Zhi Ping Xie
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jie Mei Yu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jin Song Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Chang Qing Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xin Hui Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jin Rong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xiao Qian Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Zhao Jun Duan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
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Andersson ME, Olofsson S, Lindh M. Comparison of the FilmArray assay and in-house real-time PCR for detection of respiratory infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 46:897-901. [PMID: 25288382 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.951681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, molecular methods capable of detecting almost all microbial agents that may cause acute respiratory infection have been introduced. The FilmArray Respiratory Panel assay, which integrates nucleic acid extraction, nested amplification and detection in a reaction pouch preloaded with all reagents required for detection of 17 viruses and 3 bacteria, was compared with an in-house real-time PCR that detects these agents in 8 parallel amplifications. When 128 clinical samples representing 18 of these agents were analysed by both assays the agreement was excellent, with kappa values ranging between 0.54 and 1.0. Discordances were mainly observed for adenovirus, but not when version 1.7 of FilmArray was used. The results show that these assays detect a wide range of pathogens with similar performance. FilmArray provides results after approximately 1 h, including ≈ 5 min hands-on time, and does not require advanced equipment or expertise in molecular diagnostics, making it a useful point-of-care-test for acute respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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The burden of single virus and viral coinfections on severe lower respiratory tract infections among preterm infants: a prospective birth cohort study in Brazil. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33:997-1003. [PMID: 25361184 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), especially in preterm infants. Other viruses, co-detected with RSV, may play a role in the severity of respiratory outcomes. METHODS This prospective epidemiologic study of severe LRTI incidence among children born ≤35 weeks gestational age at 3 sites in Brazil (2008-2010) followed a birth cohort for 1 year post-enrollment. Nasal washes from subjects with LRTI were tested for respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction. The primary outcome was the incidence of severe LRTI requiring hospitalization associated with RSV infection. Secondary outcomes included identification of viruses associated with LRTI, alone or coinfections, and risk factors associated with severe LRTI. RESULTS Among 303 subjects, 176 (58.1%) experienced LRTI. Among these subjects, 162 had samples tested using polymerase chain reaction; 27.8% (45/162) experienced severe LRTI. More subjects with severe LRTI were infected with RSV (30/45, 66.7%) than with other viruses. RSV was present in 33.1% (143/432) of LRTI events tested, 57.3% (82/143) were coinfections. RSV was the virus most frequently associated with severe LRTIs (34/56 events, 60.7%); 50% (17/34 events) single and 50% coinfections. Significantly longer hospital stays were associated with LRTI events involving RSV coinfections compared with RSV single infections (P = 0.012). Infants with severe LRTIs had significantly lower mean RSV-IgG levels at study entry compared with those with nonsevere or no LRTIs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the association of RSV alone or as a coinfection with severe LRTI and reinforces the importance of providing adequate prophylaxis for susceptible infants.
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Ghietto LM, Majul D, Ferreyra Soaje P, Baumeister E, Avaro M, Insfrán C, Mosca L, Cámara A, Moreno LB, Adamo MP. Comorbidity and high viral load linked to clinical presentation of respiratory human bocavirus infection. Arch Virol 2014; 160:117-27. [PMID: 25269520 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a new parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). In order to evaluate HBoV significance as an agent of acute respiratory disease, we screened 1,135 respiratory samples from children and adults with and without symptoms during two complete calendar years. HBoV1 prevalence in patients with ARTI was 6.33 % in 2011 and 11.64 % in 2012, including neonatal and adult patients. HBoV1 was also detected in 3.77 % of asymptomatic individuals. The co-detection rate was 78.1 %. Among children, 87 % were clinically diagnosed with lower respiratory infection (no significant differences between patients with and without coinfection), and 31 % exhibited comorbidities. Pediatric patients with comorbidities were significantly older than patients without comorbidities. Patients with ARTI had either high or low viral load, while controls had only low viral load, but there were no clinical differences between patients with high or low viral load. In conclusion, we present evidence of the pathogenic potential of HBoV1 in young children with ARTI. Since patients with HBoV1-single infection are not significantly different from those with coinfection with respect to clinical features, the virus can be as pathogenic by itself as other respiratory agents are. Furthermore, an association between high HBoV1 load and disease could not be demonstrated in this study, but all asymptomatic individuals had low viral loads. Also, children with comorbidities are susceptible to HBoV1 infection at older ages than previously healthy children. Thus, the clinical presentation of infection may occur depending on both viral load and the particular interaction between the HBoV1 and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía María Ghietto
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Calle Enf. Grodillo Gómez S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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Zhou L, Zheng S, Xiao Q, Ren L, Xie X, Luo J, Wang L, Huang A, Liu W, Liu E. Single detection of human bocavirus 1 with a high viral load in severe respiratory tract infections in previously healthy children. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:424. [PMID: 25078257 PMCID: PMC4125703 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus is a newly discovered parvovirus. Multiple studies have confirmed the presence of human bocavirus1 (HBoV1) in respiratory tract samples of children. The viral load, presentation of single detection and its role as a causative agent of severe respiratory tract infections have not been thoroughly elucidated. METHODS We investigated the presence of HBoV1 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from 1229 children hospitalized for respiratory tract infections. The samples were analyzed for 15 respiratory viruses by PCR and 7 respiratory viruses by viral culture. RESULTS At least one virus was detected in 652 (53.1%) of 1229 children, and two or more viruses were detected in 266 (21.6%) children. HBoV1 was detected in 127 children (10.3%), in which 66/127 (52%) of the cases were the only HBoV1 virus detected. Seasonal variation was observed with a high HBoV1 infection rate in summer. A cutoff value of 107 copies/mL was used to distinguish high and low HBoV1 viral loads in the nasopharyngeal aspirates. High viral loads of HBoV1 were noted predominantly in the absence of other viral agents (28/39, 71.8%) whereas there was primarily co-detection in cases of low HBoV1 viral loads (50/88, 56.8%). There were no differences in the clinical symptoms and severity between HBoV1 single detection and co-detection. In cases of HBoV1 single detection, the high viral load group was more prevalent among children with dyspnea and wheezing than was the low viral load group (42.9% vs. 23.7%, P = 0.036; 60.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.018). In clinical severity, a significant difference was recorded (25.0% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.003) between high viral load and low viral load groups. Of the HBoV1 positive patients associated with severe respiratory tract infections, 10/18 (55.6%) patients belonged to the HBoV1 high viral load group, and 7/10 (70%) patients had cases of HBoV1 single detection. CONCLUSIONS HBoV1 at a high viral load is not frequently found in co-detection with other respiratory viruses, and a single detection with a high viral load could be an etiological agent of severe respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P, R, China.
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Abstract
Non-influenza respiratory virus infections are common worldwide and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. The recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia and high mortality rate. Adenovirus 14 has been increasingly recognized in severe acute respiratory illness in both military and civilian individuals. Rhinovirus C and human bocavirus type 1 have been commonly detected in infants and young children with respiratory tract infection and studies have shown a positive correlation between respiratory illness and high viral loads, mono-infection, viremia, and/or serologically-confirmed primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Dunn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cook Children's Medical Center, 801 Seventh Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
| | - Melissa B Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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de Leon CDA, Amantéa SL, Pilger DA, Cantarelli V. Response letter. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:517-8. [PMID: 24339436 PMCID: PMC7167849 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chen ZR, Mize M, Wang YQ, Yan YD, Zhu CH, Wang Y, Ji W. Clinical and epidemiological profiles of lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children due to human bocavirus in a subtropical area of China. J Med Virol 2014; 86:2154-62. [PMID: 24782248 PMCID: PMC7166550 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is confirmed to have an association with pediatric lower respiratory tract infection. Seasonal and meteorological factors may play a key role in the epidemiology of HBoV. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency, season, and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with HBoV infection. In addition, an evaluation of the effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of HBoV in a subtropical area in China will be conducted. Children were <14 years in age and hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2012 in the Respiratory Disease Department at the Children's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University. Multi‐pathogens were detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples. The association between HBoV activity and regional meteorological conditions was analyzed. The average incidence of HBoV infection was 6.6% (502/7,626). Of the 502 HBoV positive children, the median age was 13 months (range 1–156 months). The HBoV infection rate was highest among the 7–12 months groups (12.9%, 163/1,267). Seasonal distribution of HBoV was noted during June to November, especially during the summer season (June to August). HBoV activity was associated with temperature and humidity although the lag effect between temperature and HBoV activity observed. HBoV is one of the most common viral pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection. HBoV infection occurs throughout the year with a peak during the summer. Temperature and humidity may affect the incidence of HBoV. J. Med. Virol. 86:2154–2162, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, 215003, China
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