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Zhu F, Li K, Yan YD. [One case of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:640-642. [PMID: 37400390 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220220-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Zhu
- The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - K Li
- The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Y D Yan
- The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China
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Zhang WH, Zhou MP, Zou YY, Chen JW, Wang T, Huang L, Yan YD, Ji W, Zhu CH, Chen ZR. The predictive values of soluble B7-DC in children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:396-404. [PMID: 37035403 PMCID: PMC10080492 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) is a serious mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and is difficult to diagnose early. The levels of serum soluble B7-dendritic cell (sB7-DC) in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) were assessed to explore the clinical significance of sB7-DC levels in RMPP. Methods A total of 65 patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) were enrolled in this study between January 2017 and December 2018. The patients were divided into the general mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) (n=30) and RMPP groups (n=35); the data of 20 normal children served as a control group (n=20). An enzyme-linked immunoassay kit was used to detect the expression of soluble B7-dendritic cell (sB7-DC) and other inflammatory factors. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the independent predictors of RMPP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the value of each independent risk factor in the early diagnosis of RMPP. Results The results showed that compared to the GMPP group, children in the RMPP group had a significantly longer hospital stay and had a significantly longer fever duration (P<0.05). The values of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 17 (IL-17), and sB7-DC in the RMPP group were significantly higher than those in the normal control and GMPP groups (all P<0.05). The results of the correlation analysis showed that sB7-DC was positively correlated with IFN-γ and IL-17 and these indicators could be used in combination to evaluate the severity of the disease. The binary logistic regression analysis identified IL-17 and sB7-DC as independent risk factors for RMPP (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off values of IL-17 and sB7-DC were 309.6 pg/L and 1,109.7 pg/mL, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of IL-17 and sB7-DC were 0.741 and 0.794, respectively. The sensitivity of IL-17 to RMPP prediction was 83.3%, and the specificity was 62.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of sB7-DC to RMPP were 86.7% and 62.9%, indicating that sB7-DC had the highest predictive power for RMPP. Conclusions The level of serum sB7-DC may play an important role in the early diagnosis of RMPP. Our research results provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of RMPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yun Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can-Hong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ren YY, Dong HT, Liao JY, Sun HM, Wang T, Gu WJ, Zhang XX, Yan YD, Ji W, Chen ZR, Zhu CH. The expression and function of programmed death-ligand 1 and related cytokines in neutrophilic asthma. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:1727. [PMID: 35071421 PMCID: PMC8743735 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immune checkpoint inhibitor. Recent studies suggest that the PD-L1-mediated pathway may be a promising target in allergic asthma. However, the mechanism by which PD-L1 represses neutrophilic asthma (NA) remains unclear. In this study, we examined correlations between the expression of PD-L1 and the production of T helper cell type 1 (Th1), T helper cell type 2 (Th2), and T helper cell type 17 (Th17) cells in pediatric patients with NA and a mouse model. Methods The clinical samples of 26 children with asthma and 15 children with a bronchial foreign body were collected over a period of 12 months by the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University. An experimental mouse model of asthma was established to study NA. An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to assess soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Results NA patients had significantly higher levels of sPD-L1, IL-6, IL-17, and GM-CSF in their BALF than non-NA and control patients (P<0.05). In a murine model of asthma, the positive rate and fluorescence intensity of PD-L1 in the NA group and the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-treated NA group were higher than in the PD-L1 antibody (Ab)-treated NA group and the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group (P<0.05). In the plasma and the BALF of the NA group and the IgG-treatment NA group, the levels of IL-17, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and granulocyte colony-stimulating were higher than those in the PBS control group (P<0.05). The histopathological examination of lung tissues from all mice groups showed that a large number of inflammatory cells were found around the airway in the NA group and the IgG-treatment group. Conclusions PD-L1 may contribute to the Th17/IL-17 immune response, which is associated with neutrophilic inflammation and asthma. A PD-L1 blockade reduces pulmonary neutrophils and mucus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ying Ren
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - He-Ting Dong
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yi Liao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Gu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can-Hong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li QL, Dong HT, Sun HM, Zhang XX, Gu WJ, Huang L, Wang YQ, Yan YD, Ji W, Hao CL, Zhu CH, Chen ZR. The diagnostic value of serological tests and real-time polymerase chain reaction in children with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:386. [PMID: 32355830 PMCID: PMC7186703 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background This study set out to evaluate the clinical significance and diagnostic effectiveness of serological tests and real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) in children of different age groups and disease durations infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). Methods Pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were enrolled and subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PCR (BALF-PCR) for MP infection. The diagnostic values of the serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) test, paired sera immunoglobulin G (IgG) test, RT PCR applied to nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA-PCR), and combined IgM and NPA-PCR test were evaluated. Results When BALF PCR was used as the gold standard, the MP positivity rate of combined IgM and NPA PCR was 78.85%in children aged 3–5 years. The positivity rates of IgM, NPA PCR, and combined IgM and NPA PCR in children older than 5 years were 71.21%, 72.72%, and 84.85%, respectively. The detection rate of combined IgM and NPA PCR was consistent with BALF PCR (Kappa =0.727). The MP positivity rates of combined IgM and NPA PCR at 1–2 weeks was as high as 91.11%, and was consistent with the BALF PCR (Kappa =0.756). Moreover, the positivity rates of IgM or NPA PCR at 2-3 weeks were 63.16%, and were consistent with each other (Kappa =0.771). Conclusions Combined IgM and NPA PCR is the optimal test to confirm MP infection among children aged 3–5 years in cases with a disease duration of less than2 weeks, and either NPA PCR or IgM is recommended for children older than 5 years with a disease duration of 2–3 weeks. Keywords Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP); diagnosis; children; age; disease duration
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.,The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - He-Ting Dong
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Hui-Ming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xin-Xing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Wen-Jing Gu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Chuang-Li Hao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Can-Hong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
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Wang T, Zhang R, Sun HM, Huang L, Chen ZR, Wang MJ, Zhu CH, Ji W, Yan YD, Wang YQ, Hao CL. [Detection of viral pathogens and allergens in infants and young children at high risk of asthma during a wheezing episode]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 21:505-510. [PMID: 31208500 PMCID: PMC7389572 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the viral etiology and allergen distribution in infants and young children at high risk of asthma during a wheezing episode. METHODS A total of 135 infants and young children at high risk of asthma were enrolled who were admitted due to asthmatic bronchitis or asthmatic bronchopneumonia between April 2016 and August 2017. Fluorescent probe PCR was used to measure influenza A (Flu A), respiratory syncytium virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PinF), human rhinovirus (HRV), human partial lung virus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) in nasopharyngeal aspirates. ImmunoCAP was used to measure inhaled allergens, food allergens, and total IgE concentration. RESULTS Among the 135 patients, the overall virus detection rate of nasopharyngeal aspirates was 49.6%, and HRV had the highest detection rate of 25.2%, followed by HBoV (9.6%), RSV (8.1%), PinF (5.9%), Flu-A (3.7%), ADV (1.5%) and hMPV (0.7%). The 1-3 years group had a significantly higher detection rate of HRV than the <1 year group (P<0.05). The positive rate of allergen screening was 59.3%, with 44% for inhaled allergens and 89% for food allergens. Among the inhaled allergens, dust mites had the highest positive rate of 77%, followed by mould (37%), pollen (26%) and animal dander (9%). Among the food allergens, egg white had a positive rate of 73% and milk had a positive rate of 68%. The <1 year group had a significantly higher positive rate of inhaled allergens than the 1-3 years group (P<0.05). The 1-3 years age group had a significantly higher level of T-IgE than the <1 year group (P<0.05). The positive virus group had a significantly higher positive rate of inhaled allergens than the non-virus group (P<0.05). The children with the second wheezing episode had significantly higher positive rates of inhaled allergens and food allergens and level of T-IgE than those with the first wheezing episode (P<0.05). The children with the second wheezing episode also had significantly higher positive rates of dust mites and mould than those with the first wheezing episode (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early HRV infection and inhaled allergen sensitization are closely associated with the development of wheezing in infants and young children at high risk of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
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Li QL, Wu YY, Sun HM, Gu WJ, Zhang XX, Wang MJ, Yan YD, Hao CL, Ji W, Chen ZR. The role of miR-29c/B7-H3/Th17 axis in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:61. [PMID: 31088519 PMCID: PMC6518711 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Recent studies demonstrated that the incidence of severe or fatal M. pneumoniae was gradually increasing, which may be related to the excessive inflammation. However, the exact pathogenesis of excessive inflammation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) is still unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of miR-29c/B7-H3/Th17 axis in children with MPP. Methods Children hospitalized in Respiratory Department during Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015 were enrolled. All children enrolled was confirmed with MP infection using real-time PCR and ELISA. Children were excluded if they were co-infected with other pathogens. A total of 52 children with MPP and 26 controls were enrolled. miR-29c expression in monocytes of children with MPP was determined by real-time PCR and soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) and IL-17 were determined by ELISA, and explore their clinical significance. miR-29c overexpression and silencing technology and luciferase reporter assay were performed to confirm whether B7-H3 is the direct target of miR-29c. The levels of transcription factor ROR-γt in CD4+ T cells and cytokine IL-17A in supernatant were detected after stimulated by different concentrations of B7-H3 fusion protein in vitro. Results Of all 52 children with MPP, the mean age of the children were 77 ± 33 months, and 23 cases were male accounting for 44.2%. Nineteen cases had pleural effusion accounting for 36.5%. Children with MPP had significantly lower level of miR-29c and higher level of sB7-H3 and IL-17 compared to controls (both P < 0.05). The level of miR-29c significantly increased during convalescent phase compared to that of acute phase while sB7-H3 and IL-17 significantly decreased during convalescent phase (both P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the level of sB7-H3 and IL-17 in children with MPP during acute-stage (r = 0.361,P = 0.009). Children with MPP combined with pleural effusion had significantly higher level of sB7-H3 compared to those without pleural effusion (9952.3 ± 3065.3 vs. 7449.7 ± 2231.5, pg/ml), and the levels of sB7-H3 was positively correlated with the number of days of fever. The level of miR-29c was negatively correlated with M. pneumoniae specific IgG, IgM level. High concentrations of B7-H3(15μg/ml) could enhance ROR-γt expression and increase IL-17A. Functional studies based on luciferase reporter assay and immunofluorescence staining suggested that B7-H3 is the direct target of miR-29c, and miR-29c silencing or overexpression could up- or down-regulate the expression of B7-H3 in THP-1 cells. Conclusions The axis of miR-29c/B7-H3/Th17 plays a vital role in children with MPP through excessive inflammation. miR-29c and B7-H3 may be the new target for the prevention and treatment of MPP, and may be the novel and potential biomarkers for the assessment of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yin-Yin Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Hui-Ming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Wen-Jing Gu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xin-Xing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Mei-Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Chuang-Li Hao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road NO.303, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215003, China.
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Sun HQ, Zhang XX, Kuang XN, Gu WJ, Chen ZR, Yan YD, Wang YQ, Zhu CH, Dong HT, Zhang XL, Ji W. [Epidemiological analysis of 440 cases of respiratory adenovirus infections in children from the Suzhou area between 2006 and 2015]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:34-38. [PMID: 28100319 PMCID: PMC7390133 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory adenovirus (ADV) infections in children from the Suzhou area, China. METHODS The clinical data of ADV-positive children out of 35 529 children with respiratory tract infections who were hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2006 and December 2015 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS Of the 35 529 children with respiratory tract infections, 440 (1.24%) were ADV-positive. There was no significant difference in the rate of ADV infections between boys and girls (1.18% vs 1.34%). The ADV infection rates of children at the age of <1 year old, 1-3 years old, 3-7 years old and 7-14 years old were 0.39% (71/18 002), 1.12% (103/9 191), 3.14% (201/6 398), and 3.35%( 65/1 938) respectively and the rate increased with age (P<0.01). The ADV infection rates in spring [1.85%(60/8 658)] and summer [2.20%(189/8 606)] were significantly higher than in autumn [0.30%(27/8 952)] and winter [0.69%(64/9 313)] (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The ADV infection rate is increased with age in the children from the Suzhou area, but it is not associated with gender. ADV infections are more common in spring and summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Quan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
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Sun HQ, Zhang XX, Kuang XN, Gu WJ, Chen ZR, Yan YD, Wang YQ, Zhu CH, Dong HT, Zhang XL, Ji W. [Epidemiological analysis of 440 cases of respiratory adenovirus infections in children from the Suzhou area between 2006 and 2015]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:34-38. [PMID: 28100319 PMCID: PMC7390133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory adenovirus (ADV) infections in children from the Suzhou area, China. METHODS The clinical data of ADV-positive children out of 35 529 children with respiratory tract infections who were hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2006 and December 2015 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS Of the 35 529 children with respiratory tract infections, 440 (1.24%) were ADV-positive. There was no significant difference in the rate of ADV infections between boys and girls (1.18% vs 1.34%). The ADV infection rates of children at the age of <1 year old, 1-3 years old, 3-7 years old and 7-14 years old were 0.39% (71/18 002), 1.12% (103/9 191), 3.14% (201/6 398), and 3.35%( 65/1 938) respectively and the rate increased with age (P<0.01). The ADV infection rates in spring [1.85%(60/8 658)] and summer [2.20%(189/8 606)] were significantly higher than in autumn [0.30%(27/8 952)] and winter [0.69%(64/9 313)] (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The ADV infection rate is increased with age in the children from the Suzhou area, but it is not associated with gender. ADV infections are more common in spring and summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Quan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
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Ding L, Ji W, Sun HM, Jiang WJ, Gu WJ, Yan YD, Shao XJ. [Association of T lymphocyte subsets and allergens with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection complicated by wheezing in infants and young children]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:1254-1258. [PMID: 27974117 PMCID: PMC7403088 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets and allergen screening results in infants and young children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection complicated by wheezing. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of peripheral blood T cell subsets in 354 infants and young children with MP infection complicated by wheezing (MP wheezing group), 336 infants and young children with MP infection but without wheezing (MP non-wheezing group), and 277 children with recurrent wheezing (recurrent wheezing group). Allergen screening was also performed for these children. RESULTS Both the MP wheezing group and recurrent wheezing group had significantly lower percentages of CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes than the MP non-wheezing group (p<0.05). The MP groups with or without wheezing had a significantly higher percentage of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes than the recurrent wheezing group (p<0.05). Both the MP wheezing group and recurrent wheezing group had significantly higher percentages of CD3-CD19+ and CD19+CD23+ lymphocytes than the MP non-wheezing group (p<0.05), and the recurrent wheezing group had the highest percentages (p<0.05). The overall positive rate of food allergens was significantly higher than that of inhaled allergens (30.3% vs 14.7%; p<0.05). The positive rates of food and inhaled allergens in the recurrent wheezing group and MP wheezing group were significantly higher than in the MP non-wheezing group (p<0.05), and the recurrent wheezing group had the highest rates. CONCLUSIONS Imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets and allergic constitution play important roles in the pathogenesis of MP infection complicated by wheezing in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Deparment of Respriatory Disease, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
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Li L, Ji W, Shao XJ, Xu J, Jiang WJ, Chen ZR, Yan YD. [An epidemiological study on human rhinovirus C in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:1094-1099. [PMID: 27817772 PMCID: PMC7389860 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rates, epidemical characteristics, and clinical features of human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in Suzhou, China. METHODS A total of 1 702 hospitalized children with RTIs from January to December, 2014 were enrolled, and 1 702 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from all children. RT-PCR was used to measure HRV mRNA, and quantitative real-time PCR combined with high-resolution melting curve was used to measure HRV-C. RESULTS Of all children, 244 (14.34%) were detected to have HRV infection, among whom 69 (69/244, 28.3%) had HRV-C infection. The rate of mixed infection of HRV-C with other viruses and bacteria was 61% (42/69). HRV-C was detected in each month of the year, and the detection rate of HRV-C in autumn was significantly higher than that in spring, summer, and winter (P<0.05). The children aged 2-5 years had a significantly higher detection rate of HRV-C than those in the other age groups (P<0.05). Compared with HRV-A/B infection, HRV-C infection led to significantly higher proportions of patients with lobar pneumonia and acute exacerbation of asthma (P<0.05), as well as patients with increased neutrophil count and CRP level (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in sex distribution or other clinical manifestations (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS HRV-C infection accounts for about 1/3 of HRV infection, with a high incidence rate in autumn. The rate of mixed infection of HRV-C with other viruses and bacteria is high, and children aged 2-5 years have the highest detection rate of HRV-C. Children with HRV-C infection have similar clinical manifestations as those with HRV-A/B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
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11
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Wang SH, Ji W, Zhang XX, Gu WJ, Yan YD, Zhou WF, Huang L, Wang MJ, Tao YZ. [Bacterial pathogenic characteristics of respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou, China: an analysis of 14,994 cases]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:44-50. [PMID: 26781412 PMCID: PMC7390089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial pathogenic characteristics of respiratory tract infection in children. METHODS The medical data from 14,994 children with respiratory tract infection who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University between November 2005 and October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Among the 14,994 sputum samples from the children with respiratory tract infection, 3,947 (26.32%) had a positive bacterial culture. The most common bacterial pathogen was Streptococcus pneumonia (12.79%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (5.02%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (2.91%). The bacterial detection rates differed significantly in different years and seasons and children of different ages (P<0.01). The children who had not taken antibacterial agents before admission had a significantly higher positive bacterial culture rate than those who had taken antibacterial agents (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the bacterial detection rate among the children with different course of disease (<1 month, 1-3 months and >3 months) (P<0.05). The detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis and Acinetobacter baumannii showed an increased trend with a prolonged disease course (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infection in children, followed by Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The detection rate of bacterial pathogens varies in different years and seasons and children of different ages. The course of the disease and application of antibacterial agents outside hospital can affect the detection rate of bacterial pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Wang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
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Li L, Zhu T, Chen ZR, Yan YD, He LP, Xu HM, Shao XJ, Yin F, Ji W. Detection of human bocavirus in nasopharyngeal aspirates versus in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids in children with lower respiratory tract infections. J Med Virol 2015; 88:211-5. [PMID: 26240959 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To compare the presence of human bocavirus (HBoV) in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) versus broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BAL) in children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), as revealed by real-time PCR, in order to confirm the diagnostic validity of NPA samples. A retrospective 5-year study was performed from 2009 to 2014 in 1,194 patients under the age of 17 years (mean age of 3 years) that were diagnosed with LRTIs and from whom both NPA and BAL were obtained. Clinical and demographic data were recorded, and NPA and BAL samples were analyzed for HBoV-positivity by real-time PCR. Of the 1,194 patients enrolled, 65 (5.4%) patients had HBoV detected from NPA, and 61 (5.1%) had HBoV detected from BAL. For HBoV, there was a significant association between the NPA and BAL samples (P < 0.001), but the diagnostic validity was relatively low (kappa = 0.414). When real-time PCR-positivity for HBoV in BAL was used as a reference for diagnosis, NPA had a good specificity and better positive predictive validity in male patients or those younger than 3 years of age. NPA has a similar yield and a good specificity for diagnosis of LRTIs with HBoV compared to BAL. The best diagnostic validity for NPA was detected in male patients or those younger than 3 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping He
- Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jun Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Gu WJ, Zhang XX, Chen ZR, Yan YD, Zhu CH, Huang L, Wang MJ, Shao XJ, Ji W. [Clinical significance of MP-DNA from endotracheal aspirates in diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2015; 17:937-941. [PMID: 26412174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with pneumonia. METHODS A total of 164 hospitalized children with pneumonia were enrolled. NPA and BALF of these children were collected within 24 hours of admission, and MP-DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Venous blood samples of all these children were collected within 24 hours of admission and on days 7-10 of treatment, and serum MP-IgM was detected using ELISA. RESULTS The positive rate of MP-DNA in NAP of the 164 cases was 51.8% , which was lower than 63.4% as the detection rate of MP-IgM in serum (P=0.044), and the two detection rates were moderately consistent with each other (Kappa=0.618, P<0.01). The positive rate of MP in BALF was 71.3%, which was not significantly different with that of MP-IgM in serum (P>0.05), and the detection rates were well consistent (Kappa=0.793, P<0.01). The detection rate of MP in NPA was lower than that in BALF (P<0.01), with moderate consistency between two of them (Kappa=0.529, P<0.01). The median MP copy number in BALF was significantly higher than that in NPA (P<0.01). The MP detection rates in NPA and BALF were significantly different among different courses of disease (P<0.05). As the course of disease extended, the MP detection rates in both NPA and BALF showed a declining trend; children with MP pneumonia of 1-2 weeks' duration and 2-4 weeks' duration had a higher MP-DNA detection rate in BALF than in NPA (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS MP-DNA in BALF has a high sensitivity, with a great significance for early diagnosis of MP pneumonia, while NPA MP-DNA tests may lead to a missed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Gu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Childrenγs Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
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Chen ZR, Mize M, Wang YQ, Yan YD, Zhu CH, Wang Y, Ji W. Clinical and epidemiological profiles of lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children due to human bocavirus in a subtropical area of China. J Med Virol 2014; 86:2154-62. [PMID: 24782248 PMCID: PMC7166550 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is confirmed to have an association with pediatric lower respiratory tract infection. Seasonal and meteorological factors may play a key role in the epidemiology of HBoV. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency, season, and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with HBoV infection. In addition, an evaluation of the effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of HBoV in a subtropical area in China will be conducted. Children were <14 years in age and hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2012 in the Respiratory Disease Department at the Children's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University. Multi‐pathogens were detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples. The association between HBoV activity and regional meteorological conditions was analyzed. The average incidence of HBoV infection was 6.6% (502/7,626). Of the 502 HBoV positive children, the median age was 13 months (range 1–156 months). The HBoV infection rate was highest among the 7–12 months groups (12.9%, 163/1,267). Seasonal distribution of HBoV was noted during June to November, especially during the summer season (June to August). HBoV activity was associated with temperature and humidity although the lag effect between temperature and HBoV activity observed. HBoV is one of the most common viral pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection. HBoV infection occurs throughout the year with a peak during the summer. Temperature and humidity may affect the incidence of HBoV. J. Med. Virol. 86:2154–2162, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, 215003, China
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16
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Chen ZR, Zhang GB, Wang YQ, Yan YD, Zhou WF, Zhu CH, Wang J, Ji W. Soluble B7-H3 elevations in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 77:362-6. [PMID: 24139879 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) and cytokines, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. Thirty-two children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia diagnosed by both positive serology and PCR were admitted to Children's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University. These children were enrolled and evaluated from May 2012 through September 2012. Soluble B7-H3 level and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Meanwhile, clinical parameters including laboratory findings were obtained. Soluble B7-H3 level was significantly increased in patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia compared with the levels of sB7-H3 in control subjects (4.94 ± 2.69 vs. 3.42 ± 1.48, ng/mL; P = 0.032). Furthermore, level of sB7-H3 was correlated with TNF-α level in plasma in patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (rp = 0.667; P < 0.001) as well as level of sB7-H3 in M. pneumoniae pneumonia subjects was also correlated with duration of symptoms (rp = 0.607; P < 0.001), percentage of neutrophil cells (rp = 0.657; P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein level (rs = 0.445; P = 0.011). Level of sB7-H3 was decreased after treatment (6.08 ± 3.07 vs. 3.55 ± 1.58, ng/mL; P = 0.019). Soluble B7-H3 maybe plays an important role in immunopathogenesis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia, especially for increasing TNF-α concentration and activation neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
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Chen ZR, Zhang GB, Wang YQ, Yan YD, Zhou WF, Zhu C, Chen Y, Wang J, Ji W. Therapeutic effects of anti-B7-H3 antibody in an ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 111:276-81. [PMID: 24054363 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B7 molecules play a key role in regulating allergen-induced T cell activation in asthma, which may occur through T cell recruitment and T helper cell differentiation on allergen provocation. Initial studies have shown that B7-H3 (CD276), a recently identified B7 family member, plays a critical role in the development of Th2 cells. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in a mouse model of allergic asthma. METHODS The asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenging in female BALB/c mice. Total cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined, and the expression levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 in BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulmonary eosinophil infiltration and mucus production were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), respectively. B7-H3 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in frozen tissue sections. RESULTS Anti-B7-H3 mAb treatment alleviated the asthmatic syndrome, decreased the levels of B7-H3-positive cells in the lung tissues, abrogated hypercellularity, eosinophil infiltration, and mucus production, and inhibited IL-4 and IL-17 production in BALF at the induction phase as compared with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) control group (P < .01). In addition, the treatment of anti-B7-H3 mAb at the induction phase could increase the expression levels of IFN-γ as compared with the IgG control group (P < .01). Anti-B7-H3 mAb treatment at the effector phase did not inhibit the asthma response. CONCLUSION Blockade of B7-H3 signals may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Chen ZR, Ji W, Wang YQ, Yan YD, Shao XJ, Zhang XL, Xu J. Etiology of acute bronchiolitis and the relationship with meteorological conditions in hospitalized infants in China. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 113:463-9. [PMID: 24961189 PMCID: PMC7173297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose To investigate the prevalence of common viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis and study the relationship between bronchiolitis and meteorological conditions. Methods A 2-year prospective study was conducted on infants with a first episode of bronchiolitis admitted to Respiratory Department of Suzhou Children's Hospital. Demographic and clinical characteristics and meteorological conditions were obtained and analyzed. Results Pathogens were identified in 59.6% of 998 cases analyzed. The most frequent pathogen identified was respiratory syncytial virus (28.7%), followed by human bocavirus (11.6%), MP (9.0%), human parainfluenza virus-3 (7.8%), human metapneumovirus (6.6%), influenza A (3.5%), adenovirus (1.0%), and human parainfluenza virus-1 (0.3%). The clinical scores in children with MP or human metapneumovirus single infections, based on the assessment of severity of acute bronchiolitis, were significantly lower than in children with respiratory syncytial virus single infections. Respiratory syncytial virus had the strongest inverse correlation with mean temperature, followed by influenza A and human metapneumovirus. In addition, MP and human parainfluenza virus-3 showed positive correlations with mean temperature. Conclusion Although respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequent pathogen in patients in whom bronchiolitis was diagnosed, other pathogens, including newly identified viruses and MP, also play important roles in infants with bronchiolitis. Different respiratory pathogens have different traits in response to certain meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Dong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Jun Shao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Lan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chen ZR, Yan YD, Wang YQ, Zhu H, Shao XJ, Xu J, Ji W. Epidemiology of community-acquired Mycoplasma Pneumoniae respiratory tract infections among hospitalized Chinese children, including relationships with meteorological factors. Hippokratia 2013; 17:20-26. [PMID: 23935339 PMCID: PMC3738272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), especially in children. Combined diagnostic techniques have provided more reliable information about the epidemiology of infections by this pathogen. The relationship between M. pneumoniae RTIs and climatic conditions is not well documented in the literature. AIMS To study the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae infections in hospitalized children with RTIs and its association with meteorological factors. METHODS Samples were obtained from children with RTIs and tested for M. pneumoniae by PCR and ELISA. Meanwhile, meteorological factors were recorded. RESULTS M. pneumoniae was identified in 11.02% of the 8,157 specimens. There were significant differences among the annual distribution of infections (χ(2) =130.13, P<0.0001) and among different seasons (χ(2) =93.59, P<0.0001). Of the total number of patients with M. pneumoniae infections, 14.5% were infected with more than one pathogen. M. pneumoniae infection strongly correlated with mean temperature. Children with a single M. pneumoniae infection had significantly higher neutrophil percentages and CRP levels than children with co-infections. CONCLUSIONS M. pneumoniae is one of the most commonly held pathogens, according to the 5-year surveillance. M. pneumoniae infection has its own epidemic season, especially in the summer. Mean temperature is the main meteorological factor affecting the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease
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Hu ZJ, Yan YD, Zhao XS, Gao DW, Wei YY, Wang JH. Fabrication of large scale nanostructures based on a modified atomic force microscope nanomechanical machining system. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:125102. [PMID: 22225244 DOI: 10.1063/1.3664638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) tip-based nanomechanical machining has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for fabricating complex 2D∕3D nanostructures. But the machining scale is very small, which holds back this technique severely. How to enlarge the machining scale is always a major concern for the researches. In the present study, a modified AFM tip-based nanomechanical machining system is established through combination of a high precision X-Y stage with the moving range of 100 mm × 100 mm and a commercial AFM in order to enlarge the machining scale. It is found that the tracing property of the AFM system is feasible for large scale machining by controlling the constant normal load. Effects of the machining parameters including the machining direction and the tip geometry on the uniform machined depth with a large scale are evaluated. Consequently, a new tip trace and an increasing load scheme are presented to achieve a uniform machined depth. Finally, a polymer nanoline array with the dimensions of 1 mm × 0.7 mm, the line density of 1000 lines/mm and the average machined depth of 150 nm, and a 20 × 20 polymer square holes array with the scale of 380 μm × 380 μm and the average machined depth of 250 nm are machined successfully. The uniform of the machined depths for all the nanostructures is acceptable. Therefore, it is verified that the AFM tip-based nanomechanical machining method can be used to machine millimeter scale nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Hu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
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Wang YQ, Ji W, Chen ZR, Yan YD, Guo HB, Chu C, Liu J, Ding YF, Shao XJ, Xu J. [Characteristics of human metapneumovirus respiratory tract infection in children and the relationship between the infection and meteorological conditions]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2011; 49:214-217. [PMID: 21575373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the epidemiology of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in children and its relations with meteorological conditions in Suzhou. METHOD Samples obtained from 6655 children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) during the period from 2006 to 2009, were tested for virus pathogens. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from the children according to a standard protocol and were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses (IFV) A and B, parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1, 2, and 3 and adenovirus (ADV) with direct immunofluorescence assay. Samples were tested for hMPV with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Meteorological conditions including mean temperature, relative humidity, rainfall amount, sum of sunshine and mean wind velocity were collected monthly. The relationship between activity of the virus and meteorological conditions was analyzed by linear regression and stepwise regression analysis. RESULT Viral pathogens were identified in 32.2% of 6655 specimens. The positive rate of hMPV was 8.9%, RSV was 15.7%, IFV, PIV and ADV detection rates were less than that of hMPV. The annual positive rate of hMPV from 2006 to 2009 was 8.2%, 8.1%, 12.7%, 7.4% respectively (χ(2) = 33.23, P < 0.05). The hMPV positive rate of the four seasons was 11.6%, 7.6%, 4.7% and 11.7%, respectively, detection rate in winter and spring was significantly higher than those in summer and autumn (χ(2) = 74.67, P < 0.001). The positive rate of hMPV and the monthly mean temperature was moderately correlated (r = -0.43), and the monthly average rainfall (r = -0.29), monthly mean relative humidity (r = -0.27), monthly average sunshine duration (r = -0.11), the monthly average wind speed (r = -0.13) had low correlations. CONCLUSION hMPV was the second most common viral pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou, which prevailed predominantly in the winter and spring. Climatic factors, especially temperature and rainfall may affect the prevalence of hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou 215003, China
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Guo S, Zhang JH, Yan YD, Ding YF, Sheng JY. Association between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism and recurrent wheezing in Chinese children: a 4-year follow-up study. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:351-8. [PMID: 19383228 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and infant wheezing, and to determine whether an association may contribute to early prediction of persistent wheezing and asthma. The study cohort comprised 149 patients with asthma, 169 patients with wheezing but no clinical diagnosis of asthma and 165 healthy control subjects. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Total serum immunoglobulin E was determined for the wheezy group and a 4-year follow-up study was carried out to observe wheezing relapse. Significant differences were found between patients and controls in allele frequency and genotype distribution. The DD genotype was more frequent in patients in the wheezing and asthma groups than in the control subjects. Patients with the DD genotype had a higher frequency of relapse than patients expressing the ID or II genotypes. It is concluded that the DD genotype of ACE is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guo
- Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yan YD, Huang L, Ji W. [Clinical analysis of chronic cough caused by postnasal drip syndrome]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2008; 10:79-80. [PMID: 18289479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Yan YD, Burns JL, Jameson GJ, Biggs S. Viscosity effect on the structural compactness of latex flocs formed under weak depletion attractions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 255:91-7. [PMID: 12702372 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dilute aqueous dispersions of colloidal polystyrene latex spheres were flocculated by adding a nonadsorbing polymer sample, poly(acrylic acid). The structural compactness of the flocs thus formed was characterized in terms of their mass fractal dimension using the small-angle static light scattering technique. It was found that with low poly(acrylic acid) concentrations and thus weak depletion attraction forces, the dispersion medium viscosity had a marked effect on the floc structure. An increase in the viscosity led to formation of denser flocs. This was revealed in three sets of depletion flocculation experiments: (a) adjusting the background electrolyte concentration at a fixed level of poly(acrylic acid), (b) using water and 30% (w/w) glycerol as the respective solvents, and (c) inducing latex flocculation with two poly(acrylic acids) of different molecular weights at the respective critical polyacid concentrations. Direct force measurements were made with atomic force microscopy to isolate the influence of viscosity on floc structure from that of interparticle interaction energies. We conclude that the formation of denser flocs with increasing medium viscosity can be attributed to the reduced diffusivity of particles in the solution. The latter resulted in an enhanced rate of floc restructuring (through relaxation of attached particles) relative to floc growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Yan
- Centre for Multiphase Processes, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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Abstract
A review is presented of a number of techniques available for the characterisation of the structure of aggregates formed from suspensions of sub-micron particles. Amongst the experimental techniques that have been commonly used are scattering (light, X-ray or neutron), settling and imaging and these are the focus of this work. The theoretical basis for the application of fractal geometry to characterisation of flocs and aggregates is followed by a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the above techniques. Of the scattering techniques available, light scattering provides the greatest potential for use as a tool for structure characterisation even though interpretation of the scattered intensity pattern is complicated by the strong interaction of light and matter. Restructuring further complicates the analysis. Although settling has long been used to characterise particle behaviour, the absence of an accurate permeability model limits the technique as a means of determining the porosity of fractal aggregates. However, it can be argued that the determination of fractal dimension is relatively unaffected. The strength of image analysis lies in its ability to provide a great deal of information about particle morphology and the weaknesses lie in the difficulties with image processing and sample size as this is a particle counting technique. There are very few papers which compare the fractal dimension measured by more than one technique. Light scattering potentially provides a useful tool for checking settling results. However, further work is required to develop proper models for aggregate permeability and flow-through effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Bushell
- Centre for Particle and Catalyst Technologies, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Li BQ, Fu T, Yan YD, Baylor NW, Ruscetti FW, Kung HF. Inhibition of HIV infection by baicalin--a flavonoid compound purified from Chinese herbal medicine. Cell Mol Biol Res 1993; 39:119-124. [PMID: 7693133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin (BA), (formulated as 7-D-glucuronic acid-5,6-dihydroxy-flavone), was purified from the plant Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi. It has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The inhibitory effect of BA against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection and replication has been studied in vitro. The compound inhibits HIV-1 infection and replication as measured by: (1) a quantitative focal syncytium formation on CEM-ss monolayer cells; and (2) HIV-1 specific core antigen p24 expression and retroviral reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the HIV-1-infected H9 cells. We have further demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of purified recombinant HIV-1/RT was inhibited by BA. In addition to lymphoid cell lines, the anti-HIV-1 activity of BA was also observed in cultures of primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with HIV-1 in vitro. Neither cytotoxic nor cytostatic effects on the indicator cells were found under the assay condition. This data suggests that BA may serve as a useful drug for the treatment and prevention of HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Li
- Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Program Resources Inc./DynCorp, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21202-1201
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Baylor NW, Fu T, Yan YD, Ruscetti FW. Inhibition of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus by the Plant Flavonoid Baicalin (7-Glucuronic Acid, 5,6-Dihydroxyflavone). J Infect Dis 1992; 165:433-7. [PMID: 1371535 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/165.3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of baicalin (7-glucuronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid compound purified from the Chinese medicinal herb, Scutellaria baicalensis georgi, to inhibit human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was examined. Baicalin produced concentration-dependent inhibition of HTLV-I replication in productively infected T and B cells. Moreover, baicalin treatment selectively reduced the detectable levels of HTLV-I p19 gag protein in infected cells by greater than 70% at concentrations that produced insignificant effects on total cellular protein and DNA synthesis with no loss in cell viability. Resistance to HTLV-I infection and virus-mediated transformation was noted in uninfected peripheral blood lymphocytes pretreated with baicalin before cocultivation with lethally irradiated chronically infected cells. Baicalin inhibited reverse transcriptase activity in HTLV-I-infected cells as well as the activity of purified reverse transcriptase from Moloney murine leukemia virus and Rous-associated virus type 2. These results suggest that baicalin may be a potential therapeutic agent against HTLV-I-associated T cell diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Baylor
- Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland
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