51
|
Ethyl Acetate Extract of Nepenthes ventricosa x maxima Exerts Preferential Killing to Oral Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:763-772. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
52
|
Tang JY, Peng SY, Cheng YB, Wang CL, Farooqi AA, Yu TJ, Hou MF, Wang SC, Yen CH, Chan LP, Ou-Yang F, Chang HW. Ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata induces antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:891-901. [PMID: 31157515 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthes plants are regarded as a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine for several diseases but its anticancer activity remain unclear. The subject of this study is to evaluate the antiproliferation effects on oral cancer cells by Nepenthes plants using ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata (EANA). Cell viability was detected using MTS assay. Its detailed mechanisms including cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were explored by flow cytometry or western blotting. For 24 hours EANA treatment, five kinds of oral cancer cells (CAL 27, Ca9-22, OECM-1, HSC-3, and SCC9) show IC50 values of cell viability ranging from 8 to 17 μg/mL but the viability of normal oral cells (HGF-1) remains over 80%. Subsequently, CAL 27 and Ca9-22 cells with high sensitivity to EANA were chosen to investigate the detailed mechanism. EANA displays the time course and concentration effects for inducing apoptosis based on flow cytometry (subG1 and annexin V analyses) and western blotting [cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP)]. Oxidative stress and DNA damage were induced by EANA treatments in oral cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, mitochondrial superoxide, and γH2AX. All these changes of EANA treatments in oral cancer cells were reverted by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine pretreatment. Therefore, EANA induces preferential killing, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Peng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Tang JY, Xu YH, Lin LC, Ou-Yang F, Wu KH, Tsao LY, Yu TJ, Huang HW, Wang HR, Liu W, Chang HW. LY303511 displays antiproliferation potential against oral cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:958-967. [PMID: 31115172 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
LY303511 was developed as a negative control of LY294002 without pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition. We hypothesize LY303511 generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis for killing oral cancer cells. In MTS assay, LY303511 dose-responsively decreases survival in three kinds of oral cancer cells but little damage to normal oral cells (HGF-1). Two oral cancer cells (CAL 27 and SCC-9) with highly sensitivity to LY303511 were used. In 7-aminoactinomycin D (7AAD) assay, LY303511 slightly increases subG1 population in oral cancer cells. In annexin V/7AAD and/or pancaspase assays, LY303511 induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells but HGF-1 cells remains in basal level. In oxidative stress, LY303511 induces ROS and mitochondrial superoxide in oral cancer cells. In 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine assay, LY303511 induces oxidative DNA damage in oral cancer cells. In zebrafish model, LY303511 inhibits CAL 27-xenografted tumor growth. Therefore, LY303511 displays antiproliferation potential against oral cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Xu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Han Wu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Tsao
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Chen EW, Tay NQ, Brzostek J, Gascoigne NRJ, Rybakin V. A Dual Inhibitor of Cdc7/Cdk9 Potently Suppresses T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1718. [PMID: 31402912 PMCID: PMC6670834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is mediated by signaling pathways originating from the T cell receptor (TCR). Propagation of signals downstream of the TCR involves a cascade of numerous kinases, some of which have yet to be identified. Through a screening strategy that we have previously introduced, PHA-767491, an inhibitor of the kinases Cdc7 and Cdk9, was identified to impede TCR signaling. PHA-767491 suppressed several T cell activation phenomena, including the expression of activation markers, proliferation, and effector functions. We also observed a defect in TCR signaling pathways upon PHA-767491 treatment. Inhibition of Cdc7/Cdk9 impairs T cell responses, which could potentially be detrimental for the immune response to tumors, and also compromises the ability to resist infections. The Cdc7/Cdk9 inhibitor is a strong candidate as a cancer therapeutic, but its effect on the immune system poses a problem for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neil Q Tay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tang JY, Yu TJ, Lin LC, Peng SY, Wang CL, Ou-Yang F, Cheng YB, Chang HW. Ethyl acetate extracts of Nepenthes ventricosa x sibuyanensis leaves cause growth inhibition against oral cancer cells via oxidative stress. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5227-5239. [PMID: 31308694 PMCID: PMC6614826 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The genus Nepenthes of the pitcher plants contains several natural and hybrid species that are commonly used in herbal medicine in several countries, but its possible use in cancer applications remains unknown as yet. Methods: In this study, we investigated the antioral cancer properties using ethyl acetate extracts of the Nepenthes hybrid (Nepenthes ventricosa x sibuyanensis), namely EANS. The bioactivity was detected by a MTS-based cell proliferation assay and flow cytometric or Western blot analysis for apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Results: Treatment for 24 hrs of EANS inhibited all three types of oral cancer cells that were tested (Ca9-22, CAL 27, and SCC9), with just a small difference to normal oral cells (HGF-1). This antiproliferation was inhibited by pretreatments with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and the apoptosis inhibitor (Z-VAD). EANS treatment increased the subG1 population and it also dose- and time-dependently induced annexin V- and pancaspase-detected apoptosis as well as cleaved caspases 3 and 9 overexpressions in the oral cancer cells (Ca9-22). After EANS treatment of Ca9-22 cells, intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) were overexpressed and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was disrupted. Moreover, DNA damages such as γH2AX and 8-oxo-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) were increased after EANS treatment to Ca9-22 cells. The EANS-induced effects (namely, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage) were suppressed by ROS scavenger. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that EANS inhibits ROS-mediated proliferation against oral cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Peng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Ou-Yang F, Tsai IH, Tang JY, Yen CY, Cheng YB, Farooqi AA, Chen SR, Yu SY, Kao JK, Chang HW. Antiproliferation for Breast Cancer Cells by Ethyl Acetate Extract of Nepenthes thorellii x ( ventricosa x maxima). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133238. [PMID: 31266224 PMCID: PMC6651324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from the Nepenthes plant have anti-microorganism and anti-inflammation effects. However, the anticancer effect of the Nepenthes plant is rarely reported, especially for breast cancer cells. Here, we evaluate the antitumor effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthesthorellii x (ventricosa x maxima) (EANT) against breast cancer cells. Cell viability and flow cytometric analyses were used to analyze apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. EANT exhibits a higher antiproliferation ability to two breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and SKBR3) as compared to normal breast cells (M10). A mechanistic study demonstrates that EANT induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells with evidence of subG1 accumulation and annexin V increment. EANT also induces glutathione (GSH) depletion, resulting in dramatic accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), as well as the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These oxidative stresses attack DNA, respectively leading to DNA double strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in γH2AX and 8-oxo-2′deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) assays. Overall these findings clearly revealed that EANT induced changes were suppressed by the ROS inhibitor. In conclusion, our results have shown that the ROS-modulating natural product (EANT) has antiproliferation activity against breast cancer cells through apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11050, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Rong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yin Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Kai Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Pediatric Department, Children's Hospital, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Endothelial cell clonal expansion in the development of cerebral cavernous malformations. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2761. [PMID: 31235698 PMCID: PMC6591323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a neurovascular familial or sporadic disease that is characterised by capillary-venous cavernomas, and is due to loss-of-function mutations to any one of three CCM genes. Familial CCM follows a two-hit mechanism similar to that of tumour suppressor genes, while in sporadic cavernomas only a small fraction of endothelial cells shows mutated CCM genes. We reported that in mouse models and in human patients, endothelial cells lining the lesions have different features from the surrounding endothelium, as they express mesenchymal/stem-cell markers. Here we show that cavernomas originate from clonal expansion of few Ccm3-null endothelial cells that express mesenchymal/stem-cell markers. These cells then attract surrounding wild-type endothelial cells, inducing them to express mesenchymal/stem-cell markers and to contribute to cavernoma growth. These characteristics of Ccm3-null cells are reminiscent of the tumour-initiating cells that are responsible for tumour growth. Our data support the concept that CCM has benign tumour characteristics. Cerebral cavernous malformation is a vascular disease characterized by capillary-venous cavernomas in the central nervous system. Here the authors show that cavernomas display benign tumor characteristics and originate from the clonal expansion of mutated endothelial progenitors which can attract surrounding wild-type cells, inducing their mesenchymal transition and leading to growth of the cavernoma.
Collapse
|
58
|
Tang JY, Shu CW, Wang CL, Wang SC, Chang MY, Lin LC, Chang HW. Sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09) shows an additive effect to inhibit cell growth of X-ray irradiated oral cancer cells, involving apoptosis and ROS generation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1226-1235. [PMID: 31141432 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluates the growth inhibiting potential of our previously described sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09) compound in X-ray irradiated oral cancer cells. Materials and methods: The growth inhibiting effect and mechanism of combined CHW09/X-ray treatment was examined by analyzing cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA damage. Results: Individual treatments of CHW09 (10 μg/mL) and X-ray irradiation (12 Gy) slightly decreased cell viability of oral cancer Ca9-22 (87.25% and 86.54%) and CAL 27 (80.00% and 74.01%) cells and normal oral HGF-1 cells (92.76% and 87.56%) at 24 h-MTS assay, respectively. In a combined treatment (CHW09/X-ray), the cell viability in Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cells was significantly decreased to 73.48% and 59.07%, whereas HGF-1 cells maintained 84.97% viability in 24 h-MTS assay. For CAL 27 cells, both 72 h-MTS assay and clonogenic assay showed that CHW09/X-ray resulted in more growth inhibition than other treatments. Intracellular ROS levels of CHW09/X-ray were higher than for CHW09, X-ray and control. CHW09/X-ray and X-ray alone had higher G2/M arrest than the control and CHW09 alone. Moreover, flow cytometry and western blotting showed that CHW09/X-ray treatment caused higher apoptosis levels. Levels of H2A histone family member X (γH2AX)-based DNA damage and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)-oxidative DNA damage of CHW09/X-ray were higher than for CHW09, X-ray and control. Conclusion: CHW09/X-ray treatment had additive growth inhibiting effects against X-ray irradiated oral cancer cells, partly attributing to apoptosis and ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Bioresource Collection and Research Center , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center , Tainan , Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Optimized Ki-67 staining in murine cells: a tool to determine cell proliferation. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4631-4643. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
60
|
Tang JY, Wu CY, Shu CW, Wang SC, Chang MY, Chang HW. A novel sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09) preferentially kills oral cancer cells showing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1195-1203. [PMID: 30256521 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several functionalized chromones, the key components of naturally occurring oxygenated heterocycles, have anticancer effects but their sulfone compounds are rarely investigated. In this study, we installed a sulfonyl substituent to chromen-4-one skeleton and synthesized CHW09 to evaluate its antioral cancer effect in terms of cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. In cell viability assay, CHW09 preferentially kills two oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27), less affecting normal oral cells (HGF-1). Although CHW09 does not change the cell cycle distribution significantly, CHW09 induces apoptosis validated by flow cytometry for annexin V and by western blotting for cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and caspases 3/8/9. These apoptosis signaling expressions are partly decreased by apoptosis inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) or free radical scavenger (N-acetylcysteine). Furthermore, CHW09 induces oxidative stress validated by flow cytometry for the generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), and the suppression of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). CHW09 also induces DNA damage validated by flow cytometry for the increases of DNA double strand break marker γH2AX and oxidative DNA damage marker 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). Therefore, our newly synthesized CHW09 induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, which may lead to preferential killing of oral cancer cells compared with normal oral cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Gentil M, Hugues P, Desterke C, Telliam G, Sloma I, Souza LEB, Baykal S, Artus J, Griscelli F, Guerci A, Johnson-Ansah H, Foudi A, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Turhan AG. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a novel druggable pathway controlling malignant progenitor proliferation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200923. [PMID: 30091999 PMCID: PMC6084853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is an ubiquitous basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which is ligand-activated and involved in numerous biological processes including cell division, cell quiescence and inflammation. It has been shown that AHR is involved in normal hematopoietic progenitor proliferation in human cells. In addition, loss of AHR in knockout mice is accompanied by a myeloproliferative syndrome-like disease, suggesting a role of AHR in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. To study the potential role of AHR pathway in CML progenitors and stem cells, we have first evaluated the expression of AHR in UT-7 cell line expressing BCR-ABL. AHR expression was highly reduced in UT-7 cell expressing BCR-ABL as compared to controls. AHR transcript levels, quantified in primary peripheral blood CML cells at diagnosis (n = 31 patients) were found to be significantly reduced compared to healthy controls (n = 15). The use of StemRegenin (SR1), an AHR antagonist, induced a marked expansion of total leukemic cells and leukemic CD34+ cells by about 4- and 10-fold respectively. SR1-treated CML CD34+ cells generated more colony-forming cells and long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC)-derived progenitors as compared to non-SR1-treated counterparts. Conversely, treatment of CML CD34+ cells with FICZ, a natural agonist of AHR, induced a 3-fold decrease in the number of CD34+ cells in culture after 7 days. Moreover, a 4-day FICZ treatment was sufficient to significantly reduce the clonogenic potential of CML CD34+ cells and this effect was synergized by Imatinib and Dasatinib treatments. Similarly, a 3-day FICZ treatment contributed to hinder significantly the number of LTC-IC-derived progenitors without synergistic effect with Imatinib. The analysis of molecular circuitry of AHR signaling in CML showed a transcriptional signature in CML derived CD34+ CD38- primitive cells with either low or high levels of AHR, with an upregulation of myeloid genes involved in differentiation in the "AHR low" fraction and an upregulation of genes involved in stem cell maintenance in the "AHR high" fraction. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate for the first time that down-regulation of AHR expression, a major cell cycle regulator, is involved in the myeloproliferative phenotype associated with CML. AHR agonists inhibit clonogenic and LTC-IC-derived progenitor growth and they could be used in leukemic stem cell targeting in CML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/agonists
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Purines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/agonists
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gentil
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Patricia Hugues
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Bicêtre and Paul Brousse, Le Kremlin Bicêtre and Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Gladys Telliam
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ivan Sloma
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Bicêtre and Paul Brousse, Le Kremlin Bicêtre and Villejuif, France
| | | | - Seda Baykal
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Medical Biology and Genetics Dept, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jerome Artus
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Bicêtre and Paul Brousse, Le Kremlin Bicêtre and Villejuif, France
- Institut Federatif d’Hématologie Paris Sud (IFHIPS), APHP and Service d’Hématologie Bicêtre and Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Ali G. Turhan
- Inserm U935, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Bicêtre and Paul Brousse, Le Kremlin Bicêtre and Villejuif, France
- Institut Federatif d’Hématologie Paris Sud (IFHIPS), APHP and Service d’Hématologie Bicêtre and Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Phull AR, Kim SJ. Undaria pinnatifida a Rich Marine Reservoir of Nutritional and Pharmacological Potential: Insights into Growth Signaling and Apoptosis Mechanisms in Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:956-970. [PMID: 30616379 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1490449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are an important part of diet consumed in a different part of the world such as New Zealand, Ireland, Wales, and Asian countries including Korea, China, and Japan. In addition, seaweed is nutritious sources possessing health improving effects and therapeutic potential. Recently, one of the widely eaten seaweed species Undaria pinnatifida (U. pinnatifida) has got much attention because of its pharmacological properties for the prevention of various ailments, including cancer, inflammation, and other diseases. It is rich in all essential amino acids, physiologically significant fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and has a variety of bioactive constituents which include fucoidan, carotenoids, and fucoxanthin. The present study reviews the nutritional aspects, key bioactivities specifically focusing on anticancer potential along with apoptosis and growth signaling mechanisms of U. pinnatifida or its constituents. It exhibited anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo studies in a variety of experimental models. Due to a variety of pharmacological properties of U. pinnatifida can not only fulfilling nutritional necessities, but it can be used for treating, curing and preventing cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman Phull
- a Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences , Kongju National University , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
- b Department of Biochemistry , Shah Abdul Latif University , Khairpur , Sindh , Pakistan
| | - Song Ja Kim
- a Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences , Kongju National University , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Prabhu KS, Siveen KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Iskandarani AN, Khan AQ, Merhi M, Omri HE, Dermime S, El-Elimat T, Oberlies NH, Alali FQ, Uddin S. Greensporone C, a Freshwater Fungal Secondary Metabolite Induces Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Leukemic Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 30061828 PMCID: PMC6054921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer are known to develop resistance against cancer cells. Hence, there is a continuing need to investigate novel agents for the treatment and management of cancer. Antitumor activity of greensporone C (GC), a new resorcylic acid lactone isolated from an organic extract of a culture of a Halenospora sp. freshwater fungus, was subjected for screening against a panel of leukemic cell lines (K562, U937, and AR320). In all the three cell lines, cell proliferation was inhibited in dose-dependent fashion. GC further arrested the cells in SubG0 phase in dose-dependent manner. Annexin V/PI dual staining data confirmed apoptotic death of treated K562 and U937 leukemic cells. Treatment with GC suppressed constitutively phosphorylated AKT and downregulated expression of inhibitor of apoptotic proteins XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2. In summation to this, GC-treated leukemic cells upregulated protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax with concomitant decrease in expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Upregulation of Bax was associated with cytochrome c release which was confirmed from the collapse of mitochondrial membrane. Released cytochrome c further activated caspase cascade which in turn initiated apoptosis process. Anticancer activity of this isolated fungal compound GC was potentiated via stimulating production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in K562 and U937 leukemic cells. Pretreatment of these cells with N-acetyl cysteine prevented GC-induced depletion of reduced GSH level and mitochondrial-caspase-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our data show that GC modulates the apoptotic response of human leukemic cells and raises the possibility of its use as a novel therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad N Iskandarani
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halima E Omri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Glen KE, Cheeseman EA, Stacey AJ, Thomas RJ. A mechanistic model of erythroblast growth inhibition providing a framework for optimisation of cell therapy manufacturing. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
65
|
Sinularin Selectively Kills Breast Cancer Cells Showing G2/M Arrest, Apoptosis, and Oxidative DNA Damage. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040849. [PMID: 29642488 PMCID: PMC6017762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural compound sinularin, isolated from marine soft corals, is antiproliferative against several cancers, but its possible selective killing effect has rarely been investigated. This study investigates the selective killing potential and mechanisms of sinularin-treated breast cancer cells. In 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay, sinularin dose-responsively decreased the cell viability of two breast cancer (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) cells, but showed less effect on breast normal (M10) cells after a 24 h treatment. According to 7-aminoactinomycin D (7AAD) flow cytometry, sinularin dose-responsively induced the G2/M cycle arrest of SKBR3 cells. Sinularin dose-responsively induced apoptosis on SKBR3 cells in terms of a flow cytometry-based annexin V/7AAD assay and pancaspase activity, as well as Western blotting for cleaved forms of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspases 3, 8, and 9. These caspases and PARP activations were suppressed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment. Moreover, sinularin dose-responsively induced oxidative stress and DNA damage according to flow cytometry analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoMP), mitochondrial superoxide, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)). In conclusion, sinularin induces selective killing, G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
66
|
Oncogenic STAT5 signaling promotes oxidative stress in chronic myeloid leukemia cells by repressing antioxidant defenses. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41876-41889. [PMID: 27566554 PMCID: PMC5522035 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5 transcription factors are frequently activated in hematopoietic neoplasms and are targets of various tyrosine kinase oncogenes. Evidences for a crosstalk between STAT5 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism have recently emerged but mechanisms involved in STAT5-mediated regulation of ROS still remain elusive. We demonstrate that sustained activation of STAT5 induced by Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells promotes ROS production by repressing expression of two antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutaredoxin-1(Glrx1). Downregulation of catalase and Glrx1 expression was also observed in primary cells from CML patients. Catalase was shown not only to reduce ROS levels but also, to induce quiescence in Bcr-Abl-positive leukemia cells. Furthermore, reduction of STAT5 phosphorylation and upregulation of catalase and Glrx1 were also evidenced in leukemia cells co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells to mimic a leukemic niche. This caused downregulation of ROS levels and enhancement of leukemic cell quiescence. These data support a role of persistent STAT5 signaling in the regulation of ROS production in myeloid leukemias and highlight the repression of antioxidant defenses as an important regulatory mechanism.
Collapse
|
67
|
Casaos J, Huq S, Lott T, Felder R, Choi J, Gorelick N, Peters M, Xia Y, Maxwell R, Zhao T, Ji C, Simon T, Sesen J, Scotland SJ, Kast RE, Rubens J, Raabe E, Eberhart CG, Jackson EM, Brem H, Tyler B, Skuli N. Ribavirin as a potential therapeutic for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8054-8067. [PMID: 29487714 PMCID: PMC5814281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are highly aggressive, malignant tumors and are the most common malignant brain tumor in children under 6 months of age. Currently, there is no standard treatment for AT/RT. Recent studies have reported potential anti-tumoral properties of ribavirin, a guanosine analog and anti-viral molecule approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of hepatitis C. We previously demonstrated that ribavirin inhibited glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results and the fact that no pre-clinical model of ribavirin in AT/RT exists, we decided to investigate the effect of ribavirin on several human AT/RT cell lines (BT12, BT16, and BT37) both in vitro and in vivo. We provide evidence that ribavirin has a significant impact on AT/RT cell growth and increases cell cycle arrest and cell death, potentially through modulation of the eIF4E and/or EZH2 pathways. Interestingly, using scratch wound and transwell Boyden chamber assays, we observed that ribavirin also impairs AT/RT cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. Finally, we demonstrate that ribavirin significantly improves the survival of mice orthotopically implanted with BT12 cells. Our work establishes that ribavirin is effective against AT/RT by decreasing tumoral cell growth and dissemination and could represent a new therapeutic option for children with this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Casaos
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sakibul Huq
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tarik Lott
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Raphael Felder
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - John Choi
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Noah Gorelick
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael Peters
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yuanxuan Xia
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Russell Maxwell
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tianna Zhao
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chenchen Ji
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Thomas Simon
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Julie Sesen
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah J Scotland
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Rubens
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Eric Raabe
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Eric M Jackson
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, 31100 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Chang HW, Li RN, Wang HR, Liu JR, Tang JY, Huang HW, Chan YH, Yen CY. Withaferin A Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:634. [PMID: 28936177 PMCID: PMC5594071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) is one of the most active steroidal lactones with reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulating effects against several types of cancer. ROS regulation involves selective killing. However, the anticancer and selective killing effects of WFA against oral cancer cells remain unclear. We evaluated whether the killing ability of WFA is selective, and we explored its mechanism against oral cancer cells. An MTS tetrazolium cell proliferation assay confirmed that WFA selectively killed two oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) rather than normal oral cells (HGF-1). WFA also induced apoptosis of Ca9-22 cells, which was measured by flow cytometry for subG1 percentage, annexin V expression, and pan-caspase activity, as well as western blotting for caspases 1, 8, and 9 activations. Flow cytometry analysis shows that WFA-treated Ca9-22 oral cancer cells induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and phosphorylated histone H2A.X (γH2AX)-based DNA damage. Moreover, pretreating Ca9-22 cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rescued WFA-induced selective killing, apoptosis, G2/M arrest, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. We conclude that WFA induced oxidative stress-mediated selective killing of oral cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chi-Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Identification of pyrrolopyrimidine derivative PP-13 as a novel microtubule-destabilizing agent with promising anticancer properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10209. [PMID: 28860487 PMCID: PMC5579042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, chemotherapy remains the gold-standard for the treatment of most patients with solid malignancies. Spindle poisons that interfere with microtubule dynamics are commonly used in chemotherapy drug combinations. However, their troublesome side effects and the emergence of chemoresistance highlight the need for identifying alternative agents. We performed a high throughput cell-based screening and selected a pyrrolopyrimidine molecule (named PP-13). In the present study, we evaluated its anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. We showed that PP-13 exerted cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells, including those resistant to current targeted therapies and chemotherapies. PP-13 induced a transient mitotic blockade by interfering with both mitotic spindle organization and microtubule dynamics and finally led to mitotic slippage, aneuploidy and direct apoptotic death. PP-13 was identified as a microtubule-targeting agent that binds directly to the colchicine site in β-tubulin. Interestingly, PP-13 overcame the multidrug-resistant cancer cell phenotype and significantly reduced tumour growth and metastatic invasiveness without any noticeable toxicity for the chicken embryo in vivo. Overall, PP-13 appears to be a novel synthetic microtubule inhibitor with interesting anticancer properties and could be further investigated as a potent alternative for the management of malignancies including chemoresistant ones.
Collapse
|
70
|
Bellio MA, Pinto MT, Florea V, Barrios PA, Taylor CN, Brown AB, Lamondin C, Hare JM, Schulman IH, Rodrigues CO. Hypoxic Stress Decreases c-Myc Protein Stability in Cardiac Progenitor Cells Inducing Quiescence and Compromising Their Proliferative and Vasculogenic Potential. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9702. [PMID: 28851980 PMCID: PMC5575078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been shown to promote cardiac regeneration and improve heart function. However, evidence suggests that their regenerative capacity may be limited in conditions of severe hypoxia. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in CPC protection against hypoxic stress is essential to maximize their cardioprotective and therapeutic potential. We investigated the effects of hypoxic stress on CPCs and found significant reduction in proliferation and impairment of vasculogenesis, which were associated with induction of quiescence, as indicated by accumulation of cells in the G0-phase of the cell cycle and growth recovery when cells were returned to normoxia. Induction of quiescence was associated with a decrease in the expression of c-Myc through mechanisms involving protein degradation and upregulation of p21. Inhibition of c-Myc mimicked the effects of severe hypoxia on CPC proliferation, also triggering quiescence. Surprisingly, these effects did not involve changes in p21 expression, indicating that other hypoxia-activated factors may induce p21 in CPCs. Our results suggest that hypoxic stress compromises CPC function by inducing quiescence in part through downregulation of c-Myc. In addition, we found that c-Myc is required to preserve CPC growth, suggesting that modulation of pathways downstream of it may re-activate CPC regenerative potential under ischemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bellio
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mariana T Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Victoria Florea
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paola A Barrios
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christy N Taylor
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ariel B Brown
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Courtney Lamondin
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ivonne H Schulman
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Claudia O Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Weingartner E, Golding A. Direct control of B cells by Tregs: An opportunity for long-term modulation of the humoral response. Cell Immunol 2017; 318:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
72
|
Pereira PD, Serra-Caetano A, Cabrita M, Bekman E, Braga J, Rino J, Santus R, Filipe PL, Sousa AE, Ferreira JA. Quantification of cell cycle kinetics by EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine)-coupled-fluorescence-intensity analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:40514-40532. [PMID: 28465489 PMCID: PMC5522303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel single-deoxynucleoside-based assay that is easy to perform and provides accurate values for the absolute length (in units of time) of each of the cell cycle stages (G1, S and G2/M). This flow-cytometric assay takes advantage of the excellent stoichiometric properties of azide-fluorochrome detection of DNA substituted with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU). We show that by pulsing cells with EdU for incremental periods of time maximal EdU-coupled fluorescence is reached when pulsing times match the length of S phase. These pulsing times, allowing labelling for a full S phase of a fraction of cells in asynchronous populations, provide accurate values for the absolute length of S phase. We characterized additional, lower intensity signals that allowed quantification of the absolute durations of G1 and G2 phases.Importantly, using this novel assay data on the lengths of G1, S and G2/M phases are obtained in parallel. Therefore, these parameters can be estimated within a time frame that is shorter than a full cell cycle. This method, which we designate as EdU-Coupled Fluorescence Intensity (E-CFI) analysis, was successfully applied to cell types with distinctive cell cycle features and shows excellent agreement with established methodologies for analysis of cell cycle kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro D. Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Serra-Caetano
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Cabrita
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Evguenia Bekman
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Braga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Rino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Renè Santus
- Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, Département RDDM, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Paulo L. Filipe
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana E. Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João A. Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Changizi V, Bahrami M, Esfahani M, Shetab-Boushehri SV. Prevention of γ-Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Human Lymphocytes Using a Serine-Magnesium Sulfate Mixture. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e162-e167. [PMID: 28690887 PMCID: PMC5488816 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.17.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ionising radiation has deleterious effects on human cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and cysteine, the active metabolite of NAC, are well-known radioprotective agents. Recently, a serine-magnesium sulfate combination was proposed as an antidote for organophosphate toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the use of a serine-magnesium sulfate mixture in the prevention of γ-radiation-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes as compared to NAC and cysteine. METHODS This study was carried out at the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between April and September 2016. Citrated blood samples of 7 mL each were taken from 22 healthy subjects. Each sample was divided into 1 mL aliquots, with the first aliquot acting as the control while the second was exposed to 2 Gy of γ-radiation at a dose rate of 102.7 cGy/minute. The remaining aliquots were separately incubated with 600 μM concentrations each of serine, magnesium sulfate, serine-magnesium sulfate, NAC and cysteine before being exposed to 2 Gy of γ-radiation. Lymphocytes were isolated using a separation medium and methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium and comet assays were used to evaluate cell viability and DNA damage, respectively. RESULTS The serine-magnesium sulfate mixture significantly increased lymphocyte viability and reduced DNA damage in comparison to serine, magnesium sulfate, NAC or cysteine alone (P <0.01 each). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study support the use of a serine-magnesium sulfate mixture as a new, non-toxic, potent and efficient radioprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Changizi
- Department of Technology of Radiology & Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Bahrami
- Department of Technology of Radiology & Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbod Esfahani
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed V. Shetab-Boushehri
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, Samir N, Abdel-Latif GA, Soliman AM, Ragab FA, Abou El Ella DA. Aromatase inhibitors and apoptotic inducers: Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular modeling studies of novel phenothiazine derivatives carrying sulfonamide moiety as hybrid molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:304-315. [PMID: 28427017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid molecules are used as anticancer agents to improve effectiveness and diminish drug resistance. So, the current study aimed to introduce twenty novel phenothiazine sulfonamide hybrids 5-22, 24 and 25 of promising anticancer activity. Compounds 11 and 13 revealed more potent anticancer properties (IC50 8.1 and 8.8 μM) than that of the reference drug (doxorubicin, IC50 = 9.8 μM) against human breast cancer cell line (T47D). To determine the mechanism of their anticancer activity, compounds 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19 and 22 that showed promising activity on T47D, were evaluated for their aromatase inhibitory effect. The study results disclose that the most potent aromatase inhibitors 11 and 13 showed the lowest IC50 (5.67 μM and 6.7 μM), respectively on the target enzyme. Accordingly, the apoptotic effect of the most potent compound 11 was extensively investigated and showed a marked increase in Bax level up to 55,000 folds, and down-regulation in Bcl2 to 5.24*10-4 folds, in comparison to the control. Furthermore, the effect of compound 11 on caspases 3, 8 and 9 was evaluated and was found to increase their levels by 20, 34, and 8.9 folds, respectively, which indicates the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Also, the effect of compound 11 on the cell cycle and its cytotoxic effect were examined. Moreover, a molecular docking and computer aided ADMET studies were adopted to confirm their mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 113701, Egypt.
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermin Samir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 113701, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62511 New Beni Suef (NUB), Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Use of an anti-viral drug, Ribavirin, as an anti-glioblastoma therapeutic. Oncogene 2016; 36:3037-3047. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
76
|
Weingartner E, Courneya JP, Keegan A, Golding A. A novel method for assaying human regulatory T cell direct suppression of B cell effector function. J Immunol Methods 2016; 441:1-7. [PMID: 27851889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have established a highly reproducible and reliable protocol for testing human regulatory T cell function in suppressing IgM production from an immature human B cell line. The autoreactive Ramos B cell line provides a stable reporter of B cell effector function that can be tested by a straight-forward IgM ELISA. Tregs from healthy volunteers display a range of ability for suppressing baseline IgM production in a contact- and death-independent manner. Having established the normal range for human Treg direct suppression of B cell effector function, it will now be possible to efficiently test Tregs from various autoimmune conditions in which B cell hyperactivity and secretion of auto-antibodies are a hallmark of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Weingartner
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10 S. Pine Street/MSTF Room 8-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Jean-Paul Courneya
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10 S. Pine Street/MSTF Room 8-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Achsah Keegan
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10 S. Pine Street/MSTF Room 8-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Amit Golding
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10 S. Pine Street/MSTF Room 8-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Rational targeted therapies to overcome microenvironment-dependent expansion of mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2016; 128:2808-2818. [PMID: 27697772 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-720490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accumulates in lymphoid organs, but disseminates early on in extranodal tissues. Although proliferation remains located in lymphoid organs only, suggesting a major role of the tumor ecosystem, few studies have assessed MCL microenvironment. We therefore cocultured primary circulating MCL cells from 21 patients several weeks ex vivo with stromal or lymphoid-like (CD40L) cells to determine which interactions could support their proliferation. We showed that coculture with lymphoid-like cells, but not stromal cells, induced cell-cycle progression, which was amplified by MCL-specific cytokines (insulin-like growth factor-1, B-cell activating factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10). Of interest, we showed that our model recapitulated the MCL in situ molecular signatures (ie, proliferation, NF-κB, and survival signatures). We further demonstrated that proliferating MCL harbored an imbalance in Bcl-2 family expression, leading to a consequent loss of mitochondrial priming. Of interest, this loss of priming was overcome by the type II anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab, which counteracted Bcl-xL induction through NF-κB inhibition. Finally, we showed that the mitochondrial priming directly correlated with the sensitivity toward venetoclax and alkylating drugs. By identifying the microenvironment as the major support for proliferation and drug resistance in MCL, our results highlight a selective approach to target the lymphoma niche.
Collapse
|
78
|
Werle SB, Chagastelles P, Pranke P, Casagrande L. The effects of hypoxia on in vitro culture of dental-derived stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
79
|
Giladi M, Schneiderman RS, Voloshin T, Porat Y, Munster M, Blat R, Sherbo S, Bomzon Z, Urman N, Itzhaki A, Cahal S, Shteingauz A, Chaudhry A, Kirson ED, Weinberg U, Palti Y. Mitotic Spindle Disruption by Alternating Electric Fields Leads to Improper Chromosome Segregation and Mitotic Catastrophe in Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18046. [PMID: 26658786 PMCID: PMC4676010 DOI: 10.1038/srep18046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields. TTFields are a unique anti-mitotic treatment modality delivered in a continuous, noninvasive manner to the region of a tumor. It was previously postulated that by exerting directional forces on highly polar intracellular elements during mitosis, TTFields could disrupt the normal assembly of spindle microtubules. However there is limited evidence directly linking TTFields to an effect on microtubules. Here we report that TTFields decrease the ratio between polymerized and total tubulin, and prevent proper mitotic spindle assembly. The aberrant mitotic events induced by TTFields lead to abnormal chromosome segregation, cellular multinucleation, and caspase dependent apoptosis of daughter cells. The effect of TTFields on cell viability and clonogenic survival substantially depends upon the cell division rate. We show that by extending the duration of exposure to TTFields, slowly dividing cells can be affected to a similar extent as rapidly dividing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Giladi
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | | | - Tali Voloshin
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Yaara Porat
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Mijal Munster
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Roni Blat
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Shay Sherbo
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Zeev Bomzon
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Noa Urman
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Aviran Itzhaki
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Shay Cahal
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Anna Shteingauz
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Aafia Chaudhry
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Eilon D Kirson
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Uri Weinberg
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Yoram Palti
- Novocure Ltd. Topaz Building, MATAM center Haifa 31905, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Abstract
High-content imaging is a powerful tool for determining cell phenotypes at the single cell level. Characterising the effect of small molecules on cell cycle distribution is important for understanding their mechanism of action especially in oncology drug discovery but also for understanding potential toxicology liabilities. Here, a high-throughput phenotypic assay utilising the PerkinElmer Operetta high-content imager and Harmony software to determine cell cycle distribution is described. PhenoLOGIC, a machine learning algorithm within Harmony software was employed to robustly separate single cells from cell clumps. DNA content, EdU incorporation and pHH3 (S10) expression levels were subsequently utilised to separate cells into the various phases of the cell cycle. The assay is amenable to multiplexing with an additional pharmacodynamic marker to assess cell cycle changes within a specific cellular sub-population. Using this approach, the cell cycle distribution of γH2AX positive nuclei was determined following treatment with DNA damaging agents. Likewise, the assay can be multiplexed with Ki67 to determine the fraction of quiescent cells and with BrdU dual labelling to determine S-phase duration. This methodology therefore provides a relatively cheap, quick and high-throughput phenotypic method for determining accurate cell cycle distribution for small molecule mechanism of action and drug toxicity studies.
Collapse
|
81
|
Abstract
In this unit, two protocols are described for analyzing cell cycle status using flow cytometry. The first is based on the simultaneous analysis of proliferation-specific marker (Ki-67) and cellular DNA content, which discriminate resting/quiescent cell populations (G0 cell) and quantify cell cycle distribution (G1, S, or G2/M), respectively. The second is based on differential staining of DNA and RNA through co-staining of Hoechst 33342 and Pyronin Y, which is also useful to identify G0 cells from G1 cells. Along with these methods for analyzing cell cycle status, two additional methods for cell proliferation assays with recent updates of newly developed fluorophores, which allow multiplex analysis of cell cycle status, cell proliferation, and a gene of interest using flow cytometry, are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joel M Sederstrom
- Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|