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Lucarini E, Parisio C, Branca JJV, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Pellegrini C, Antonioli L, Fornai M, Micheli L, Pacini A, Bernardini N, Blandizzi C, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Deepening the Mechanisms of Visceral Pain Persistence: An Evaluation of the Gut-Spinal Cord Relationship. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081772. [PMID: 32722246 PMCID: PMC7464824 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of visceral pain is a major clinical problem in patients affected by gastrointestinal disorders. The poor knowledge about pain chronicization mechanisms prompted us to study the functional and morphological alterations of the gut and nervous system in the animal model of persistent visceral pain caused by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). This agent, injected intrarectally, induced a colonic inflammation peaking on day 3 and remitting progressively from day 7. In concomitance with bowel inflammation, the animals developed visceral hypersensitivity, which persisted after colitis remission for up to three months. On day 14, the administration of pain-relieving drugs (injected intraperitoneally and intrathecally) revealed a mixed nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain originating from both the peripheral and central nervous system. At this time point, the colonic histological analysis highlighted a partial restitution of the tunica mucosa, transmural collagen deposition, infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils, and upregulation of substance P (SP)-positive nerve fibers, which were surrounded by eosinophils and MHC-II-positive macrophages. A significant activation of microglia and astrocytes was observed in the dorsal and ventral horns of spinal cord. These results suggest that the persistence of visceral pain induced by colitis results from maladaptive plasticity of the enteric, peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carmen Parisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Jacopo J. V. Branca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine—DMSC, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, L. go Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.I.); (N.B.)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.I.); (N.B.)
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine—DMSC, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, L. go Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.J.V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.S.); (C.I.); (N.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (C.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Pellegrini C, Daniele S, Antonioli L, Benvenuti L, D’Antongiovanni V, Piccarducci R, Pietrobono D, Citi V, Piragine E, Flori L, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Palazon-Riquelme P, Lopez-Castejon G, Martelli A, Colucci R, Bernardini N, Trincavelli ML, Calderone V, Martini C, Blandizzi C, Fornai M. Prodromal Intestinal Events in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Colonic Dysmotility and Inflammation Are Associated with Enteric AD-Related Protein Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103523. [PMID: 32429301 PMCID: PMC7278916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal dysfunctions may represent early events in Alzheimer’s disease and contribute to brain pathology. This study examined the relationship between onset of cognitive impairment and colonic dysfunctions in a spontaneous AD model before the full development of brain pathology. SAMP8 mice underwent Morris water maze and assessment of faecal output at four, six and eight months of age. In vitro colonic motility was examined. Faecal and colonic Aβ, tau proteins, α-synuclein and IL-1β were assessed by ELISA. Colonic citrate synthase activity was assessed by spectrophotometry. Colonic NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC expression were evaluated by Western blotting. Colonic eosinophil density and claudin-1 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of Aβ on NLRP3 signalling and mitochondrial function was tested in cultured cells. Cognitive impairment and decreased faecal output occurred in SAMP8 mice from six months. When compared with SAMR1, SAMP8 animals displayed: (1) impaired in vitro colonic contractions; (2) increased enteric AD-related proteins, IL-1β, active-caspase-1 expression and eosinophil density; and (3) decreased citrate synthase activity and claudin-1 expression. In THP-1 cells, Aβ promoted IL-1β release, which was abrogated upon incubation with caspase-1 inhibitor or in ASC-/- cells. Aβ decreased mitochondrial function in THP-1 cells. In SAMP8, enteric AD-related proteins deposition, inflammation and impaired colonic excitatory neurotransmission, occurring before the full brain pathology development, could contribute to bowel dysmotility and represent prodromal events in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Vanessa D’Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Deborah Pietrobono
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Pablo Palazon-Riquelme
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (P.P.-R.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (P.P.-R.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Trincavelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2115 (C.M.); +39-050-221-8753 (C.B.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2115 (C.M.); +39-050-221-8753 (C.B.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
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Novel Medicinal Mushroom Blend as a Promising Supplement in Integrative Oncology: A Multi-Tiered Study using 4T1 Triple-Negative Mouse Breast Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103479. [PMID: 32423132 PMCID: PMC7279026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although medicinal mushroom extracts have been proposed as promising anti-cancer agents, their precise impacts on metastatic breast cancer are still to be clarified. For this purpose, the present study exploited the effect of a novel medicinal mushroom blend, namely Micotherapy U-care, in a 4T1 triple-negative mouse breast cancer model. Mice were orally administered with Micotherapy U-care, consisting of a mixture of Agaricus blazei, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinula edodes. The syngeneic tumor-bearing mice were generated by injecting 4T1 cells in both supplemented and non-supplemented mice. After sacrifice 35 days later, specific endpoints and pathological outcomes of the murine pulmonary tissue were evaluated. (i) Histopathological and ultrastructural analysis and (ii) immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-ß1, IL-6 and NOS2, COX2, SOD1 as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were performed. The QoL was comparatively evaluated. Micotherapy U-care supplementation, starting before 4T1 injection and lasting until the end of the experiment, dramatically reduced the pulmonary metastases density, also triggering a decrease of fibrotic response, and reducing IL-6, NOS, and COX2 expression. SOD1 and TGF-ß1 results were also discussed. These findings support the valuable potential of Micotherapy U-care as adjuvant therapy in the critical management of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Zidar N, Langner C, Jerala M, Boštjančič E, Drobne D, Tomažič A. Pathology of Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease-Contribution to Understanding Its Pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:167. [PMID: 32432120 PMCID: PMC7215240 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite significant progress in the research of fibrosis in various organs, fibrosis remains a poorly understood complication of Crohn's disease (CD). We analyzed pathologic features of fibrosis and inflammation in CD and compared them with the normal bowel, aiming to clarify whether fibrosis in CD pathogenetically resembles fibrosis in other organs. Methods: Resection specimens from 30 patients with CD were included. Normal bowel from resection specimens of colorectal carcinoma was used for comparison. Trichrome Masson staining, immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activation protein, CD34 and erg, in situ hybridization for TGF-β1 and analysis of selected fibrosis-related microRNAs were performed. Results: In normal bowel, CD34-positive fibroblasts/pericytes were detected in the submucosa and subserosa, particularly around blood vessels. In CD, fibrosis prevailed in the submucosa and subserosa, together with proliferation of myofibroblasts and disappearance of CD34-positive fibroblasts/pericytes. TGF-β1 was present in the lamina propria in normal bowel and CD, and in deeper parts of the bowel wall in CD. MicroRNAs miR-29c, miR-155 miR-150, and miR-155, which have been demonstrated to contribute to fibrosis in various organs, showed significant deregulation in CD. Conclusions: Distribution of fibroblasts/pericytes in the submucosa and subserosa of normal bowel, their disappearance in fibrosis in CD, together with the appearance of myofibroblasts, suggest that fibroblasts/pericytes are the most likely source of myofibroblasts in CD. Furthemore, fibrosis-related microRNAs showed deregulation in fibrotic areas. Pathogenesis of fibrosis in CD is thus comparable to fibrosis in other organs, in which myofibroblasts are the key effector cells, and pericytes have emerged as the main origin of myofibroblasts. Fibrosis in CD should be regarded as a result of (over)response of the bowel wall to the presence of inflammation in deep structures of the bowel wall, presenting another example of a common pathogenetic pathway of fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zidar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cord Langner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miha Jerala
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Drobne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Tomažič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pellegrini C, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Dolfi A, Errede M, Virgintino D, Fornai M, Antonioli L, Garelli F, Nericcio A, Colucci R, Cerri S, Blandini F, Blandizzi C, Bernardini N. Pathological remodelling of colonic wall following dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104821. [PMID: 32088380 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are often characterized by functional gastrointestinal disorders. Such disturbances can occur at all stages of PD and precede the typical motor symptoms of the disease by many years. However, the morphological alterations associated with intestinal disturbances in PD are undetermined. This study examined the remodelling of colonic wall in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. METHODS 8 weeks after 6-OHDA injection animals were sacrificed. Inflammatory infiltrates, collagen deposition and remodelling of intestinal epithelial barrier and tunica muscularis in the colonic wall were assessed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. RESULTS 6-OHDA rats displayed significant alterations of colonic tissues as compared with controls. Signs of mild inflammation (eosinophil infiltration) and a transmural deposition of collagen fibres were observed. Superficial colonic layers were characterized by severe morphological alterations. In particular, lining epithelial cells displayed a reduced claudin-1 and transmembrane 16A/Anoctamin 1 (TMEM16A/ANO1) expression; goblet cells increased their mucin expression; colonic crypts were characterized by an increase in proliferating epithelial cells; the density of S100-positive glial cells and vimentin-positive fibroblast-like cells was increased as well. Several changes were found in the tunica muscularis: downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin/desmin expression and increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells; increased vimentin expression and proliferative phenotype in myenteric ganglia; reduction of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) density. CONCLUSIONS A pathological remodelling occurs in the colon of 6-OHDA rats. The main changes include: enhanced fibrotic deposition; alterations of the epithelial barrier; activation of mucosal defense; reduction of ICCs. These results indicate that central nigrostriatal denervation is associated with histological changes in the large bowel at mucosal, submucosal and muscular level. These alterations might represent morphological correlates of digestive symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amelio Dolfi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariella Errede
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Garelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Nericcio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Nishat R, Kumar H. Collagen fibers in oral submucous fibrosis - A polarizing microscopy study using two special stains. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2020; 62:537-543. [PMID: 31611436 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_324_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a well-recognized oral potentially malignant disorder, results due to increased collagen production and reduced collagen degradation. Aims and Objectives To qualitatively compare the staining properties of collagen in OSMF using two special stains based on their birefringent property using polarizing microscopy. The study also assessed the distribution and orientation of collagen fibers in different grades of OSMF. Materials and Methods A total of 73 subjects with different clinical and histopathological staging of OSMF comprised the study population. Histopathological examination was done using hematoxylin and eosin stain, Van Gieson and picrosirius red. Collagen fibers were analyzed for polarization colors, distribution, and orientation. Results Picrosirius red stained both thick and thin collagen fibers. Irrespective of the histopathological grades reddish orange and yellowish orange were the most predominant colors. Parallel arrangement of fibers was observed when stained with Van Gieson but picrosirius red stained sections showed a majority of parallel type I fibers with perpendicular type III fibers which increased with advancement in the histopathological grade. Yellowish orange and greenish yellow fibers were predominant in the lamina propria, while reddish orange fibers were predominant in the submucosa. Conclusion Picrosirius red was found to be a better stain. Histopathological grading and polarization colors showed no association with each other. Collagen fibers were more thickly and tightly packed in the submucosa indicating that the process of fibrosis began there. The increase in perpendicular type III fibers with advancing histopathological grades suggested their role in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roquaiya Nishat
- Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Chamorro CI, Reinfeldt Engberg G, Fossum M. Molecular and histological studies of bladder wound healing in a rodent model. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:293-306. [PMID: 32011053 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine encounters different challenges. The success of tissue-engineered implants is dependent on proper wound healing. Today, the process of normal urinary bladder wound healing is poorly characterized. We aspired to explore and elucidate the natural response to injury in an in vivo model in order to further optimize tissue regeneration in future studies. In this study, we aimed to characterize histological and molecular changes during normal healing in a rat model by performing a standardized incisional wound followed by surgical closure. We used a rodent model (n = 40) to follow the healing process in the urinary bladder for 28 days. Surgical exposure of the bladder without incision (n = 40) was performed in controls. Histological characterization and western blot analyses of proteins was carried out using specific staining and markers for inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue maturation. For the molecular characterization of gene expression total RNA was collected for RT2 -PCR in wound healing pathway arrays. Analysis of histology revealed distinct, but overlapping, phases of healing with a local inflammatory response (days 1-8) simultaneous with a rapid formation of granulation tissue and proliferation (days 2-8). We also identified significant changes in gene expression related to inflammation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation. Healing of an incisional wound in a rodent urinary bladder demonstrated that all the classical phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation followed by tissue maturation were present. Our data suggest that the bladder and the skin share similar molecular signaling during wound healing, although we noted differences in the duration of each phase compared to previous studies in rat skin. Further studies will address whether our findings can be extrapolated to the human bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Chamorro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Surgical Clinic C, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gisela Reinfeldt Engberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Fossum
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Highly Specialized Pediatric Surgery and Medicine, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Surgical Clinic C, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nagarajan VK, Ward JM, Yu B. Association of Liver Tissue Optical Properties and Thermal Damage. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:779-787. [PMID: 31919868 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Complete thermocoagulation of tumors is vital to minimize the risk of local tumor recurrence after a thermal ablation. Histological assessments are not real-time and require experienced pathologists to grade the thermal damage (histopathology) [Correction added on 21 January, 2020 after first online publication: After thermal damage in the preceding sentence, (histopathology) was added]. Real-time assessment of thermal tissue damage during an ablation is necessary to achieve optimal tumor ablation. In our previous studies, we found that continuous monitoring of the wavelength-averaged (435-630 nm) tissue absorption coefficient (µa ) and the reduced scattering coefficient ( μ s ' ) during heating of a porcine liver at 100°C follows a sigmoidal growth curve. Therefore, we concluded that increases in the tissue µa and μ s ' during thermocoagulation were correlated with true thermal damage. The goal of this study was to determine if increases in the tissue µa and μ s ' during thermocoagulation are correlated with true thermal damage. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, continuously measured values of µa and μ s ' during heating of the porcine liver tissue were compared with the histology-assessed thermal damage scores at four different temperature points (37°C, 55°C, 65°C, and 75°C). RESULTS The damage scores for the tissues in Group 3 (65°C) and Group 4 (75°C) were significantly different from each other and from the other groups. The damage scores were not significantly different between Group 1 (37°C) and Group 2 (55°C). CONCLUSION The results indicate that relative changes in µa and μ s ' can be used to classify thermal damage (histopathology) scores with an overall accuracy of 72.5% up to 75°C. [Correction added on 21 January, 2020 after first online publication: After thermal damage in the preceding sentence, (histopathology) was added]. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Krishna Nagarajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53045
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Global Vet Pathology, Montgomery Village, Maryland, 20886
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53045
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Karsdal MA, Detlefsen S, Daniels SJ, Nielsen MJ, Krag A, Schuppan D. Is the Total Amount as Important as Localization and Type of Collagen in Liver Fibrosis Attributable to Steatohepatitis? Hepatology 2020; 71:346-351. [PMID: 31553813 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuel J Daniels
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette J Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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60
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Soiberman US, Shehata AEM, Lu MX, Young T, Daoud YJ, Chakravarti S, Jun AS, Foster JW. Small Molecule Modulation of the Integrated Stress Response Governs the Keratoconic Phenotype In Vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3422-3431. [PMID: 31390655 PMCID: PMC6686743 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The degenerative corneal disease keratoconus is a leading indicator for corneal transplant with an unknown etiology. We recently identified the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) in ex vivo human corneas and in vitro cell culture. Utilizing small molecules to modulate the ISR we sought to investigate the effects of stimulating the ISR in healthy cells to recapitulate aspects of the in vitro keratoconic phenotype and whether relieving the ISR signaling would recover the disease phenotype. Methods Corneal fibroblasts were extracted from patients undergoing corneal transplant or unaffected cadaverous donor limbal rings. Cells were exposed to the DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34) inhibitor SAL003 to stimulate the ISR, or Trans-ISRIB to relieve ISR signaling pathway. Collagen production was assessed through hydroxyproline production, Sirius Red incorporation, or quantitative (q)PCR. Western blotting, hydroxyproline, and qPCR were used to assess components of the ISR pathway and collagen production. Results ISR stimulation through SAL003 resulted in significant decrease of hydroxyproline and COL1A1 transcription and eventual apoptosis in normal fibroblasts. Patient (KC) fibroblast production of hydroxyproline was increased in response to ISRIB, while matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 production was lowered. The prospective biomarker of keratoconus prolactin-inducible factor was also upregulated in KC fibroblast cultures in response to ISRIB. Inflammatory markers TNFα and IL-1β were unaffected. Conclusions Activation of the ISR is sufficient to recapitulate many key aspects of the KC phenotype in unaffected cells in vitro. Inhibition of the ISR also relieves many of the hallmarks of KC in affected cells. Therefore, targeting of the ISR through small molecules is a potential therapeutic path for small molecule treatment of keratoconus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Simcha Soiberman
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | | | - Tempest Young
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yassine J Daoud
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Albert S Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - James William Foster
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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4-methylumbelliferone Prevents Liver Fibrosis by Affecting Hyaluronan Deposition, FSTL1 Expression and Cell Localization. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246301. [PMID: 31847129 PMCID: PMC6941058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) is an inhibitor of hyaluronan deposition and an active substance of hymecromone, a choleretic and antispasmodic drug. 4MU reported to be anti-fibrotic in mouse models; however, precise mechanism of action still requires further investigation. Here we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 4MU action on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice using NGS transcriptome, Q-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Collagen and hyaluronan deposition were prevented by 4MU. The CCl4 stimulated expression of Col1a and αSMA were reduced, while the expression of the ECM catabolic gene Hyal1 was increased in the presence of 4MU. Bioinformatic analysis identified an activation of TGF-beta and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways, and inhibition of the genes associated with lipid metabolism by CCL4 treatment, while 4MU restored key markers of these pathways to the control level. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals the suppression of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts by 4MU treatment. The drug affected the localization of HSCs and macrophages in the sites of fibrogenesis. CCl4 treatment induced the expression of FSTL1, which was downregulated by 4MU. Our results support the hypothesis that 4MU alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by reducing hyaluronan deposition and downregulating FSTL1 expression, accompanied by the suppression of HSC trans-differentiation and altered macrophage localization.
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Cao W, Shi L, Weng W. Histological Distribution and Characterization of Collagen in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) Muscle. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1695694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linfan Shi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wuyin Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, China
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Ramírez-García G, Díaz Cervantes E, Mounzer O, De la Rosa E, López Luke T, de la Cruz FN. A Turn-On Luminescence Method for Phosphate Determination Based on Fast Green-Functionalized ZrO 2:Yb,Er@ZrO 2 Core@Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14657-14665. [PMID: 31610644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of practical and sensitive tools for detecting phosphate deficiency could facilitate engineering approaches to enhance crop yield and quality in phosphate-stressed environments, reducing the misuse of nonrenewable fertilizers and their consequent ecological impact. Herein, a 975 nm-activated method based on ZrO2:Yb,Er@ZrO2 core@shell upconversion nanoparticles is presented for rapid visualization and determination of the phosphate ions in aqueous solutions and extracts. At optimized thickness, the nondoped ZrO2 shell not only enhances the emission of the ZrO2:Yb,Er but also provides an active surface for the intense interaction with the phosphate group, allowing a "label-free" determination that avoids the use of additional phosphate-recognizing elements like ligands or antibodies. According to the experimental evidence, the optical output of the ZrO2:Yb,Er@ZrO2 nanoparticles specifically matches with the absorption spectrum of the fast green alimentary dye (FG) electrostatically attached to the nanoparticle surface, activating the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and thereby the upconversion luminescence quenching. Upon addition of the phosphate ions and the covalent interaction with the ZrO2:Yb,Er@ZrO2-FG nanocomplex, the FG is gradually removed, displaying a fast and reproducible "turn-on" luminescence which allows measurements in a few minutes. This rapid response is due to the stronger coordination between the ZrO2 shell and the phosphate compared to the FG molecules (-31.97 and -5.99 eV, respectively). The detection method was then effectively modulated in a 20-1000 nM linear response range without interfering effects of commonly coexisting ions, achieving a detection limit up to 15 times lower than that obtained with the conventionally used colorimetric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ramírez-García
- Cátedras CONACYT- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, COITTEC , 140, Blvd. Enrique Reyna , Saltillo , Coahuila 25294 , México
| | - Erik Díaz Cervantes
- Departamento de Alimentos, Centro Interdisciplinario del Noreste (CINUG) , Universidad de Guanajuato , Tierra Blanca , Guanajuato 37975 , México
| | - Oussama Mounzer
- Departamento de Biociencias y Agrotecnología , Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada , 140, Blvd. Enrique Reyna , Saltillo , Coahuila 25294 , México
| | - Elder De la Rosa
- Nanophotonics and Advanced Materials Group , Universidad De La Salle Bajío , Campus Campestre , 37150 León , México
| | - Tzarara López Luke
- Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria , Morelia 58030 , México
| | - Fabiola N de la Cruz
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila , Ing J. Cardenas Valdez S/N , Saltillo , Coahuila 25280 , México
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Ravichandran G, Neumann K, Berkhout LK, Weidemann S, Langeneckert AE, Schwinge D, Poch T, Huber S, Schiller B, Hess LU, Ziegler AE, Oldhafer KJ, Barikbin R, Schramm C, Altfeld M, Tiegs G. Interferon-γ-dependent immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis in mice. J Hepatol 2019; 71:773-782. [PMID: 31173810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an idiopathic, chronic cholestatic liver disorder characterized by biliary inflammation and fibrosis. Increased numbers of intrahepatic interferon-γ- (IFNγ) producing lymphocytes have been documented in patients with PSC, yet their functional role remains to be determined. METHODS Liver tissue samples were collected from patients with PSC. The contribution of lymphocytes to liver pathology was assessed in Mdr2-/- x Rag1-/- mice, which lack T and B cells, and following depletion of CD90.2+ or natural killer (NK)p46+ cells in Mdr2-/- mice. Liver pathology was also determined in Mdr2-/- x Ifng-/- mice and following anti-IFNγ antibody treatment of Mdr2-/- mice. Immune cell composition was analysed by multi-colour flow cytometry. Liver injury and fibrosis were determined by standard assays. RESULTS Patients with PSC showed increased IFNγ serum levels and elevated numbers of hepatic CD56bright NK cells. In Mdr2-/- mice, hepatic CD8+ T cells and NK cells were the primary source of IFNγ. Depletion of CD90.2+ cells reduced hepatic Ifng expression, NK cell cytotoxicity and liver injury similar to Mdr2-/- x Rag1-/- mice. Depletion of NK cells resulted in reduced CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and liver fibrosis. The complete absence of IFNγ in Mdr2-/-x Ifng-/- mice reduced NK cell and CD8+ T cell frequencies expressing the cytotoxic effector molecules granzyme B and TRAIL and prevented liver fibrosis. The antifibrotic effect of IFNγ was also observed upon antibody-dependent neutralisation in Mdr2-/- mice. CONCLUSION IFNγ changed the phenotype of hepatic CD8+ T cells and NK cells towards increased cytotoxicity and its absence attenuated liver fibrosis in chronic sclerosing cholangitis. Therefore, unravelling the immunopathogenesis of PSC with a particular focus on IFNγ might help to develop novel treatment options. LAY SUMMARY Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by biliary inflammation and fibrosis, whose current medical treatment is hardly effective. We observed an increased interferon (IFN)-γ response in patients with PSC and in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis. IFNγ changed the phenotype of hepatic CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells towards increased cytotoxicity, and its absence decreased liver cell death, reduced frequencies of inflammatory macrophages in the liver and attenuated liver fibrosis. Therefore, IFNγ-dependent immune responses may disclose checkpoints for future therapeutic intervention strategies in sclerosing cholangitis.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunologic Factors/immunology
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Berkhout
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Annika E Langeneckert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Poch
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard U Hess
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annerose E Ziegler
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Kazarine A, Gopal AA, Wiseman PW. Nonlinear microscopy of common histological stains reveals third harmonic generation harmonophores. Analyst 2019; 144:3239-3249. [PMID: 30920574 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since its invention over a hundred years ago, histological analysis using coloured dye staining remains the gold standard for histopathology. While these stains provide critical information for a variety of diagnostic purposes, they offer limited two-dimensional histological information. Extending classical histological analysis to three dimensions requires novel imaging approaches such as multiphoton microscopy. Multiphoton microscopy enables multimodal, three-dimensional imaging of histologically stained samples. Specifically, third harmonic generation (THG), a nonlinear optical process in which three incident photons are combined into one by the sample, allows high contrast imaging of tissues stained with absorbing dyes, which in turn act as harmonophores. While this technique has previously been applied to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) tissue sections, we extend this approach to other commonly used histological stains to demonstrate further potential applications of the technique. We demonstrate THG imaging of both human skin and liver tissue stained with H&E, Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) and Picrosirius Red stains. We find that these stains provide excellent contrast as THG harmonophores, enabling high resolution imaging of histological samples. THG imaging of the Verhoeff stain enables easy detection of elastic fibers while Picrosirius Red acts as an effective harmonophore for imaging collagen fibers of all sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Kazarine
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Verta R, Grange C, Gurrieri M, Borga S, Nardini P, Argenziano M, Ghè C, Cavalli R, Benetti E, Miglio G, Bussolati B, Pini A, Rosa AC. Effect of Bilastine on Diabetic Nephropathy in DBA2/J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102554. [PMID: 31137660 PMCID: PMC6566437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is an unmet therapeutic need, and the search for new therapeutic strategies is warranted. Previous data point to histamine H1 receptor as a possible target for glomerular dysfunction associated with long term hyperglycaemia. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the H1 receptor antagonist bilastine on renal morphology and function in a murine model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced in DBA2/J male mice and, from diabetes onset (glycaemia ≥200 mg/dL), mice received bilastine (1–30 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 14 consecutive weeks. At the end of the experimental protocol, diabetic mice showed polyuria (+195.5%), increase in Albumin-to-Creatine Ratio (ACR, +284.7%), and a significant drop in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05). Bilastine prevented ACR increase and restored creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a positive effect on glomerular filtration. The ultrastructural analysis showed a preserved junctional integrity. Preservation of the basal nephrin, P-cadherin, and synaptopodin expression could explain this effect. In conclusion, the H1 receptor could contribute to the glomerular damage occurring in diabetic nephropathy. Bilastine preserved the glomerular junctional integrity, leading to the hypothesis of anti-H1 antihistamines as a possible add-on therapy for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Verta
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Scienze Mediche, University of Turin, C.So Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Maura Gurrieri
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Sara Borga
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Corrado Ghè
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Miglio
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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Leprince S, Huberlant S, Allegre L, Warembourg S, Leteuff I, Bethry A, Paniagua C, Taillades H, De Tayrac R, Coudane J, Letouzey V, Garric X. Preliminary design of a new degradable medical device to prevent the formation and recurrence of intrauterine adhesions. Commun Biol 2019; 2:196. [PMID: 31123719 PMCID: PMC6531438 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions lead to partial or complete obliteration of the uterine cavity and have life-changing consequences for women. The leading cause of adhesions is believed to be loss of stroma resulting from trauma to the endometrium after surgery. Adhesions are formed when lost stroma is replaced by fibrous tissue that join the uterine walls. Few effective intrauterine anti-adhesion barriers for gynecological surgery exist. We designed a degradable anti-adhesion medical device prototype to prevent adhesion formation and recurrence and restore uterine morphology. We focused on ideal degradation time for complete uterine re-epithelialization for optimal anti-adhesion effect and clinical usability. We developed a triblock copolymer prototype [poly(lactide) combined with high molecular mass poly(ethylene oxide)]. Comparative pre-clinical studies demonstrated in vivo anti-adhesion efficacy. Ease of introduction and optimal deployment in a human uterus confirmed clinical usability. This article provides preliminary data to develop an intrauterine medical device and conduct a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Leprince
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
| | - Stéphanie Huberlant
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nîmes, 30900 France
| | - Lucie Allegre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nîmes, 30900 France
| | - Sophie Warembourg
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nîmes, 30900 France
| | - Isabelle Leteuff
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nîmes, 30900 France
| | - Audrey Bethry
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
| | - Cedric Paniagua
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
| | - Hubert Taillades
- Experimental Department, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000 France
| | - Renaud De Tayrac
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nîmes, 30900 France
| | - Jean Coudane
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
| | - Vincent Letouzey
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nîmes, 30900 France
| | - Xavier Garric
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34093 France
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Sharma L, Gupta D, Abdullah ST. Thioacetamide potentiates high cholesterol and high fat diet induced steato-hepatitic changes in livers of C57BL/6J mice: A novel eight weeks model of fibrosing NASH. Toxicol Lett 2019; 304:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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69
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Berkhout L, Barikbin R, Schiller B, Ravichandran G, Krech T, Neumann K, Sass G, Tiegs G. Deletion of tumour necrosis factor α receptor 1 elicits an increased TH17 immune response in the chronically inflamed liver. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4232. [PMID: 30862875 PMCID: PMC6414655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor α receptor 1 (TNFR1) activation is known to induce cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis but also hepatocyte survival and regeneration. The multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2-/) mice are a model for chronic hepatitis and inflammation-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. This study analysed how the absence of TNFR1 mediated signalling shapes cytokine and chemokine production, immune cell recruitment and ultimately influences liver injury and fibrotic tissue remodelling in the Mdr2-/- mouse model. We show that Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice displayed increased plasma levels of ALT, ALP, and bilirubin as well as a significantly higher collagen content, and markers of fibrosis than Mdr2-/- mice. The expression profile of inflammatory cytokines (Il1b, Il23, Tgfb1, Il17a), chemokines (Ccl2, Cxcl1, Cx3cl1) and chemokine receptors (Ccr6, Cxcr6, Cx3cr1) in livers of Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice indicated TH17 cell infiltration. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that the aggravated tissue injury in Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice strongly correlated with increased hepatic recruitment of TH17 cells and enhanced IL-17 production in the injured liver. Moreover, we observed increased hepatic activation of RIPK3 in Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice, which was not related to necroptotic cell death. Rather, frequencies of infiltrating CX3CR1+ monocytes increased over time in livers of Tnfr1-/-/Mdr2-/- mice, which expressed significantly higher levels of Ripk3 than those of Mdr2-/- mice. Overall, we conclude that the absence of TNFR1-mediated signalling did not improve the pathological phenotype of Mdr2-/- mice. It instead caused enhanced infiltration of TH17 cells and CX3CR1+ monocytes into the injured tissue, which was accompanied by increased RIPK3 activation and IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Berkhout
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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70
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Mohamed HA, Elbastawisy YM, Elsaed WM. Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation by ascorbic acid in rats: Histopathological and ultrastructural study. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119828260. [PMID: 30783524 PMCID: PMC6365996 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119828260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lipopolysaccharide is a bacterial endotoxin that induces acute lung injury in experimental animals, which is similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. The induced tissue trauma ends in fibrosis. Understanding the pathogenesis is important in the prevention and treatment of the complications. This study was assigned to investigate the long-term lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and the postulated protective effect of ascorbic acid on these changes. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. Group I was the controls, group II received lipopolysaccharide and group III received lipopolysaccharide and ascorbic acid. After 30 days of starting treatment, lung tissue samples were obtained. Results: Group II lung tissues showed marked thickening of the alveolar septa with collapsed alveolar sacs, detached bronchial epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration and excessive deposition of collagen. Group III showed mild thickening of the alveolar walls, scanty inflammatory cell infiltration, mild parabronchial fibrosis and less marked collagen deposition. α-Smooth muscle actin staining of group II showed marked expression of the actin-positive cells. Less potential expression of the dye was found in group III. Ultrastructural examination of group II showed evident structural changes in pneumocytes with capillary basement membrane irregularity and interruption compared to uniform basement membrane in group III with less prominent intracellular changes in pneumocytes. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid attenuated the inflammatory response and fibrosis in the lungs of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide as evidenced by the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Abdelhamid Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Elbastawisy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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71
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Neagu AN. Proteome Imaging: From Classic to Modern Mass Spectrometry-Based Molecular Histology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:55-98. [PMID: 31347042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations of classic imaging in Histology during the actually era of multiomics, the multi-color "molecular microscope" by its emerging "molecular pictures" offers quantitative and spatial information about thousands of molecular profiles without labeling of potential targets. Healthy and diseased human tissues, as well as those of diverse invertebrate and vertebrate animal models, including genetically engineered species and cultured cells, can be easily analyzed by histology-directed MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. The aims of this review are to discuss a range of proteomic information emerging from MALDI mass spectrometry imaging comparative to classic histology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, with applications in biology and medicine, concerning the detection and distribution of structural proteins and biological active molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and proteins, allergens, neurotransmitters and hormones, enzymes, growth factors, toxins and others. The molecular imaging is very well suited for discovery and validation of candidate protein biomarkers in neuroproteomics, oncoproteomics, aging and age-related diseases, parasitoproteomics, forensic, and ecotoxicology. Additionally, in situ proteome imaging may help to elucidate the physiological and pathological mechanisms involved in developmental biology, reproductive research, amyloidogenesis, tumorigenesis, wound healing, neural network regeneration, matrix mineralization, apoptosis and oxidative stress, pain tolerance, cell cycle and transformation under oncogenic stress, tumor heterogeneity, behavior and aggressiveness, drugs bioaccumulation and biotransformation, organism's reaction against environmental penetrating xenobiotics, immune signaling, assessment of integrity and functionality of tissue barriers, behavioral biology, and molecular origins of diseases. MALDI MSI is certainly a valuable tool for personalized medicine and "Eco-Evo-Devo" integrative biology in the current context of global environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania.
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72
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Schilter H, Findlay AD, Perryman L, Yow TT, Moses J, Zahoor A, Turner CI, Deodhar M, Foot JS, Zhou W, Greco A, Joshi A, Rayner B, Townsend S, Buson A, Jarolimek W. The lysyl oxidase like 2/3 enzymatic inhibitor, PXS-5153A, reduces crosslinks and ameliorates fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1759-1770. [PMID: 30536539 PMCID: PMC6378217 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and crosslinked proteins, in particular collagen and elastin, leading to tissue stiffening and disrupted organ function. Lysyl oxidases are key players during this process, as they initiate collagen crosslinking through the oxidation of the ε-amino group of lysine or hydroxylysine on collagen side-chains, which subsequently dimerize to form immature, or trimerize to form mature, collagen crosslinks. The role of LOXL2 in fibrosis and cancer is well documented, however the specific enzymatic function of LOXL2 and LOXL3 during disease is less clear. Herein, we describe the development of PXS-5153A, a novel mechanism based, fast-acting, dual LOXL2/LOXL3 inhibitor, which was used to interrogate the role of these enzymes in models of collagen crosslinking and fibrosis. PXS-5153A dose-dependently reduced LOXL2-mediated collagen oxidation and collagen crosslinking in vitro. In two liver fibrosis models, carbon tetrachloride or streptozotocin/high fat diet-induced, PXS-5153A reduced disease severity and improved liver function by diminishing collagen content and collagen crosslinks. In myocardial infarction, PXS-5153A improved cardiac output. Taken together these results demonstrate that, due to their crucial role in collagen crosslinking, inhibition of the enzymatic activities of LOXL2/LOXL3 represents an innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Schilter
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison D Findlay
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lara Perryman
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tin T Yow
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Moses
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amna Zahoor
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig I Turner
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mandar Deodhar
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Foot
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelique Greco
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amar Joshi
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Rayner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Townsend
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology, National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alberto Buson
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Masi S, Colucci R, Duranti E, Nannipieri M, Anselmino M, Ippolito C, Tirotta E, Georgiopoulos G, Garelli F, Nericcio A, Segnani C, Bernardini N, Blandizzi C, Taddei S, Virdis A. Aging Modulates the Influence of Arginase on Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2474-2483. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Preventions and Outcomes, University College London, United Kingdom (M.S.)
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, United Kingdom (M.S.)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (C.R., G.F., N.A.)
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Ippolito
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Tirotta
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Garelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (C.R., G.F., N.A.)
| | - Anna Nericcio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (C.R., G.F., N.A.)
| | - Cristina Segnani
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.S., D.E., N.M., I.C., T.E., S.C., B.N., B.C., T.S., V.A.), University of Pisa, Italy
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Martins DE, Medeiros VPD, Wajchenberg M, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Lima M, Reginato RD, Nader HB, Puertas EB, Faloppa F. Changes in human intervertebral disc biochemical composition and bony end plates between middle and old age. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203932. [PMID: 30226874 PMCID: PMC6144914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluates molecular, nutritional and biochemical alterations in
human intervertebral discs between middle and old age. Methods Twenty-eight human lumbar intervertebral discs from donors were evaluated and
separated into two groups: Middle-aged (35–50 years old, relatively
non-degenerate discs of Pfirrmann grades 1–3, n = 15) and Old-aged (≥80
years old, all degenerate Pfirrmann grade 4 or 5, n = 13). Parameters which
might be expected to to be related to nutrient supply and so the health of
disc cells (eg the porosity of the vertebral endplate, cell viability and
cell density) and to disc extracellular composition (ie quantification of
glycosaminoglycan disaccharides and hyaluronic acid molecular weight) and
collagen organization, were analyzed. Three regions of the intervertebral
disc (anterior annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and posterior annulus
fibrosus) were examined. Results The old-aged group showed a decrease in content of sulphated and
non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans relative to middle-aged and there were also
alterations in the proportion of GAG disaccharides and a decrease of
collagen fiber size. Hyaluronic acid molecular weight was around 200 kDa in
all regions and ages studied. The anterior annulus differed from the
posterior annulus particularly in relation to cell density and GAG content.
Additionally, there were changes in the bony endplate, with fewer openings
observed in the caudal than cranial endplates of all discs in both
groups. Conclusions Results show the cranial vertebral endplate is the main vascular source for
the intervertebral discs. Hylauronic acid molecular weight is the same
through the intervertebral disc after age of 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delio Eulalio Martins
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Pereira de Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Wajchenberg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rejane Daniele Reginato
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Barros Puertas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Faloppa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rodrigues GB, Oliveira EE, Junior FJBM, Santos LAMD, Oliveira WHD, França MERD, Lós DB, Gabínio BM, Peixoto CA. A new diethylcarbamazine formulation (NANO-DEC) as a therapeutic tool for hepatic fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:280-288. [PMID: 30219503 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess if the uninterrupted and prolonged administration of nanoparticles containing diethylcarbamazine (NANO-DEC) would cause liver, kidney and heart toxicity and then analyze for the first time its action in model of liver fibrosis. Thus, NANO-DEC was administered in C57BL/6 mice daily for 48 days, and at the end the blood was collected for biochemical analyzes. In the long-term administration assay, the evaluation of serological parameters (CK-MB, creatinine, ALT, AST and urea) allowed the conclusion that NANO-DEC prolonged administration did not cause hepatic, renal and cardiac damage. For fibrosis assays, C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: 1) control (Cont); 2) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); 3) CCl4 + DEC 25 mg/kg; 4) CCl4 + DEC 50 mg/kg; 5) CCl4 + NANO-DEC 5 mg/kg and 6) CCl4 + NANO-DEC 12.5 mg/kg. Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis observed through increased inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, NO and iNOS) and fibrotic markers (TGF-β and TIMP-1), changes in the hepatic morphology, high presence of collagen fibers and elevated serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP. Treatment with NANO-DEC exhibited a superior anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects compared to the DEC traditional formulation, restoring liver morphology, reducing the content of collagen fibers and serological parameters, besides decreasing the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The present formulation of nanoencapsulated DEC is a well tolerated anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug and therefore could be a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Barros Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Elquio Eleamen Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM), Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilma Helena de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Rocha de França
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia/RENORBIO, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Brennda Martins Gabínio
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM), Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Hu B, Mao Z, Jiang X, He D, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhu Y, Wang H. Role of TGF-β1/Smad3-mediated fibrosis in drug resistance mechanism of prolactinoma. Brain Res 2018; 1698:204-212. [PMID: 30055965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common functional pituitary adenomas. While dopamine agonists are a primary method of therapeutic treatment, the rate of resistance to these drugs continues to increase each year. During previous long-term clinical investigations, we found that partial resistant prolactinomas exhibited significantly more fibrosis than did sensitive adenomas, suggesting a role of fibrosis in their drug resistance. Furthermore, resistant adenomas with extensive fibrosis mainly express type I and type III collagens. Since TGF-β1 is the key factor in the initiation and development of tissue fibrosis, including in the pituitary, in this study, we aimed to determine whether TGF-β1 mediated fibrosis in prolactinomas and whether fibrosis was related to prolactinoma drug resistance. Using immunochemistry and western blotting, we found that the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway-related proteins were elevated in resistant prolactinoma specimens with high degrees of fibrosis compared to levels in sensitive samples, suggesting that this pathway may play a role in prolactinoma fibrosis. In vitro, TGF-β1 stimulation promoted collagen expression in normal HS27 fibroblasts. Furthermore, the sensitivity of rat prolactinoma MMQ cells to bromocriptine decreased when they were co-cultured with HS27 cells treated with TGF-β1. The TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling-specific inhibitor SB431542 counteracted these effects, indicating that TGF-β1/Smad3-mediated fibrosis was involved in the drug-resistant mechanisms of prolactinomas. These results indicate that SB431542 may serve as a promising novel treatment for preventing fibrosis and further improving the drug resistance of prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumor Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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77
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Alahdal M, Xing Y, Tang T, Liang J. 1-Methyl-D-tryptophan Reduces Tumor CD133 + cells, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κβp65 while Enhances Lymphocytes NF-κβ2, STAT3, and STAT4 Pathways in Murine Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9869. [PMID: 29959375 PMCID: PMC6026162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT) is extensively utilized in preclinical trials to deplete indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) activity and kynurenine pathway. Since IDO related signaling pathways aren’t well understood, some clinical reports affirmed IDO inhibiting therapeutic significance. Therefore, we did use direct tumor autologous antigens vaccination and 1-MT without chemotherapy to explore biological mechanisms and immunomodulations of 1-MT that motivate antitumor responses. However, DCs antigen-uptake capability, anti-tumor efficiency, intra-tumor and intracellular cytokines were assessed. Besides, CD133+ cells viability and tumor biomarkers were investigated. Splenocytes responses and their signaling pathways such TLRs 2 to 9, NF-κβ1-2, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β were dissected. Results evinced that a regimen of 1-MT and TAAs significantly reduced CSC CD133 + viability inside tumor microenvironment, besides increasing tumor cells necrosis and apoptosis. Expression of TGF-β, IDO, RANTES, and PDL-1 was also significantly reduced. Interestingly, 1-MT enhanced lymphocytes TLR2, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 pathways. It motivated lymphocytes’ NF-κβ2, STAT3, and STAT4 pathways, while reduced tumors’ NF-κβp65 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. We found that periphery and intra-tumor Treg cells were significantly decreased. In conclusion, depletion of indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase activity evidenced IDO relation with tumor stem cells proliferation pathways. Furthermore, 1-MT supports immunotherapeutic vaccines susceptibility and tumor specific targeting by reducing tumorgensis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical Laboratory department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
| | - Yun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Ability of Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of life science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wagner M, Ko HM, Chatterji M, Besa C, Torres J, Zhang X, Panchal H, Hectors S, Cho J, Colombel JF, Harpaz N, Taouli B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Histopathological Composition of Ileal Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:718-729. [PMID: 29300851 PMCID: PMC7189968 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recently, smooth muscle hypertrophy has been suggested to be a contributor to small bowel lesions secondary to Crohn's disease [CD], in addition to inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] for the characterisation of histopathological tissue composition of small bowel CD, including inflammation, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. METHODS A total of 35 consecutive patients [male/female 17/18, mean age 33 years] with ileal CD, who underwent small bowel resection and a preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI examination within 1 month before surgery, were retrospectively included. Image assessment included qualitative [pattern/degree of enhancement, presence of ulcerations/fistulas/abscesses] and quantitative parameters [wall thickness on T2/T1-weighted images [WI], enhancement ratios, apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], Clermont and Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity [MaRIA] scores). MRI parameters were compared with histopathological findings including active inflammation, collagen deposition, and muscle hypertrophy using chi square/Fisher or Mann-Whitney tests and univariate/multivariate logistic/linear regression analyses. RESULTS Forty ileal segments were analysed in 35 patients. Layered pattern at early-post-contrast phase was more prevalent (odds ratio [OR] = 8; p = 0.008), ADC was significantly lower [OR = 0.005; p = 0.022], and MaRIA score was significantly higher [OR = 1.125; p = 0.022] in inflammation grades 2-3 compared with grade 1. Wall thickness on T2WI was significantly increased [OR = 1.688; p = 0.043], and fistulas [OR = 14.5; p = 0.017] were more prevalent in segments with disproportionately increased muscle hypertrophy versus those with disproportionately increased fibrosis. MaRIA/Clermont scores, wall thickness on T1WI and T2WI, and ADC were all significantly correlated with degree of muscular hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS MRI predicts the degree of inflammation, and can distinguish prominent muscle hypertrophy from prominent fibrosis in ileal CD with reasonable accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] > 0.7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Wagner
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Department of Radiology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Huaibin Mabel Ko
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manjil Chatterji
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia Besa
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joana Torres
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinaben Panchal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie Hectors
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author: Bachir Taouli, MD, Department of Radiology and Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Room 107, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Zavrel EA, Shuler ML, Shen X. A SIMPLE ASPECT RATIO DEPENDENT METHOD OF PATTERNING MICROWELLS FOR SELECTIVE CELL ATTACHMENT. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... DESIGN OF MEDICAL DEVICES CONFERENCE. DESIGN OF MEDICAL DEVICES CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:V001T05A001. [PMID: 30854173 PMCID: PMC6408146 DOI: 10.1115/dmd2018-6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3-D culture has been shown to provide cells with a more physiologically authentic environment than traditional 2-D (planar) culture [1, 2]. 3-D cues allow cells to exhibit more realistic functions and behaviors, e.g., adhesion, spreading, migration, metabolic activity, and differentiation. Knowledge of changes in cell morphology, mechanics, and mobility in response to geometrical cues and topological stimuli is important for understanding normal and pathological cell development [3]. Microfabrication provides unique in vitro approaches to recapitulating in vivo conditions due to the ability to precisely control the cellular microenvironment [4, 5]. Microwell arrays have emerged as robust alternatives to traditional 2D cell culture substrates as they are relatively simple and compatible with existing laboratory techniques and instrumentation [6, 7]. In particular, microwells have been adopted as a biomimetic approach to modeling the unique micro-architecture of the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [8–10]. The inner (lumen-facing) surface of the intestine has a convoluted topography consisting of finger-like projections (villi) with deep well-like invaginations (crypts) between them. The dimensions of villi and crypts are on the order of hundreds of microns (100–700 μm in height and 50–250 μm in diameter) [11]. While microwells have proven important in the development of physiologically realistic in vitro models of human intestine, existing methods of ensuring their surface is suitable for cell culture are lacking. Sometimes it is desirable to selectively seed cells within microwells and confine or restrict them to the microwells in which they are seeded. Existing methods of patterning microwells for cell attachment either lack selectivity, meaning cells can adhere and migrate anywhere on the microwell array, i.e., inside microwells or outside of them, or necessitate sophisticated techniques such as micro-contact printing, which requires precise alignment and control to selectively pattern the bottoms of microwells for cell attachment [12, 13].
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Zavrel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Durham, NC, United States
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Cutaneous wound healing using polymeric surgical dressings based on chitosan, sodium hyaluronate and resveratrol. A preclinical experimental study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 163:155-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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82
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Song HJ, Lim HY, Chun W, Choi KC, Sung JH, Sung GY. Fabrication of a pumpless, microfluidic skin chip from different collagen sources. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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83
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Resveratrol improved detrusor fibrosis induced by mast cells during progression of chronic prostatitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nio Y, Tanaka M, Hirozane Y, Muraki Y, Okawara M, Hazama M, Matsuo T. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor combination therapy has antifibrotic and anti‐inflammatory effects in mdx mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2017; 31:5307-5320. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700249r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nio
- Extra Value Generation and General Medicine Drug Discovery UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Inflammation Drug Discovery UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirozane
- Biomolecular Research LaboratoriesPharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan
| | - Yo Muraki
- Extra Value Generation and General Medicine Drug Discovery UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan
| | - Mitsugi Okawara
- Extra Value Generation and General Medicine Drug Discovery UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hazama
- Extra Value Generation and General Medicine Drug Discovery UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuo
- Extra Value Generation and General Medicine Drug Discovery UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Fujisawa Japan
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Repair of osteochondral defects with in vitro engineered cartilage based on autologous bone marrow stromal cells in a swine model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40489. [PMID: 28084417 PMCID: PMC5234019 DOI: 10.1038/srep40489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional reconstruction of large osteochondral defects is always a major challenge in articular surgery. Some studies have reported the feasibility of repairing articular osteochondral defects using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and biodegradable scaffolds. However, no significant breakthroughs have been achieved in clinical translation due to the instability of in vivo cartilage regeneration based on direct cell-scaffold construct implantation. To overcome the disadvantages of direct cell-scaffold construct implantation, the current study proposed an in vitro cartilage regeneration strategy, providing relatively mature cartilage-like tissue with superior mechanical properties. Our strategy involved in vitro cartilage engineering, repair of osteochondral defects, and evaluation of in vivo repair efficacy. The results demonstrated that BMSC engineered cartilage in vitro (BEC-vitro) presented a time-depended maturation process. The implantation of BEC-vitro alone could successfully realize tissue-specific repair of osteochondral defects with both cartilage and subchondral bone. Furthermore, the maturity level of BEC-vitro had significant influence on the repaired results. These results indicated that in vitro cartilage regeneration using BMSCs is a promising strategy for functional reconstruction of osteochondral defect, thus promoting the clinical translation of cartilage regeneration techniques incorporating BMSCs.
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Ippolito C, Colucci R, Segnani C, Errede M, Girolamo F, Virgintino D, Dolfi A, Tirotta E, Buccianti P, Di Candio G, Campani D, Castagna M, Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Blandizzi C, Bernardini N. Fibrotic and Vascular Remodelling of Colonic Wall in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1194-204. [PMID: 26995183 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal fibrosis is a complication of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Although fibrostenosis is a rare event in ulcerative colitis [UC], there is evidence that a fibrotic rearrangement of the colon occurs in the later stages. This is a retrospective study aimed at examining the histopathological features of the colonic wall in both short-lasting [SL] and long-lasting [LL] UC. METHODS Surgical samples of left colon from non-stenotic SL [≤ 3 years, n = 9] and LL [≥ 10 years, n = 10] UC patients with active disease were compared with control colonic tissues from cancer patients without UC [n = 12] to assess: collagen and elastic fibres by histochemistry; vascular networks [CD31/CD105/nestin] by immunofluorescence; parameters of fibrosis [types I and III collagen, fibronectin, RhoA, alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], desmin, vimentin], and proliferation [proliferating nuclear antigen [PCNA]] by western blot and/or immunolabelling. RESULTS Colonic tissue from both SL-UC and LL-UC showed tunica muscularis thickening and transmural activated neovessels [displaying both proliferating CD105-positive endothelial cells and activated nestin-positive pericytes], as compared with controls. In LL-UC, the increased collagen deposition was associated with an up-regulation of tissue fibrotic markers [collagen I and III, fibronectin, vimentin, RhoA], an enhancement of proliferation [PCNA] and, along with a loss of elastic fibres, a rearrangement of the tunica muscularis towards a fibrotic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS A significant transmural fibrotic thickening occurs in colonic tissue from LL-UC, together with a cellular fibrotic switch in the tunica muscularis. A full-thickness angiogenesis is also evident in both SL- and LL-UC with active disease, as compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mariella Errede
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Girolamo
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Erika Tirotta
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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