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Colston JM, Bolinger B, Cottingham MG, Gilbert S, Klenerman P. Modification of Antigen Impacts on Memory Quality after Adenovirus Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3354-63. [PMID: 26944930 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of robust T cell memory is critical for the development of novel vaccines for infections and cancers. Classical memory generated by CD8(+)T cells is characterized by contracted populations homing to lymphoid organs. T cell memory inflation, as seen for example after CMV infection, is the maintenance of expanded, functional, tissue-associated effector memory cell pools. Such memory pools may also be induced after adenovirus vaccination, and we recently defined common transcriptional and phenotypic features of these populations in mice and humans. However, the rules that govern which epitopes drive memory inflation compared with classical memory are not fully defined, and thus it is not currently possible to direct this process. We used our adenoviral model of memory inflation to first investigate the role of the promoter and then the role of the epitope context in determining memory formation. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that conventional memory could be converted to inflationary memory by simple presentation of the Ag in the form of minigene vectors. When epitopes from LacZ and murine CMV that normally induce classical memory responses were presented as minigenes, they induced clear memory inflation. These data demonstrate that, regardless of the transgene promoter, the polypeptide context of a CD8(+)T cell epitope may determine whether classical or inflating memory responses are induced. The ability to direct this process by the use of minigenes is relevant to the design of vaccines and understanding of immune responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Colston
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Beatrice Bolinger
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Sarah Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kindgom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
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52
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Tissue-resident memory T cells in cytomegalovirus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 16:63-69. [PMID: 26855038 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herpesviruses establish life-long infection in their hosts and maintain latent reservoirs for sporadic reactivation at peripheral sites, such as skin and mucosae. For herpes simplex virus infection, experimental studies in mice revealed that immediate protection against local reactivation or superinfection events in the skin relies on tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) rather than on their circulating counterparts. Recent evidence extends this notion to cytomegalovirus infection, which potently induces TRM cells in both mice and humans particularly in mucosal tissues that constitute important viral sanctuaries and are relevant entry sites for challenge and superinfections. The discovery unravels promising opportunities to exploit cytomegalovirus based vaccine vectors for the specific induction of tissue resident T cell subsets.
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53
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Mansfield S, Dwivedi V, Byrd S, Trgovcich J, Griessl M, Gutknecht M, Cook CH. Broncholaveolar lavage to detect cytomegalovirus infection, latency, and reactivation in immune competent hosts. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1408-16. [PMID: 26762116 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Roughly 1/3rd of immune competent patients will reactivate latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) during critical illness. There are no standard methods to detect reactivation, and some investigators have postulated that presence of DNA in BAL fluid is indicative of viral replication. To test this hypothesis, we used a murine model that allows inclusion of matched healthy controls which is not possible in human studies. BALB/c mice infected with Smith-murine CMV or PBS (mock) had BAL evaluated 7, 14, or 21 days after acute infections, during latency, or during bacterial sepsis. Plaque assay, PCR, and rtPCR were performed on BALs and concomitantly obtained lung tissue. BAL cellular compositions, including tetramer evaluation of CMV-specific T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. CMV DNA were detected in BAL at all time-points during acute infection, becoming undetectable in all mice during latency, then were detected again during bacterial sepsis, peaking 3 weeks after onset. mCMV specific T-cells were most numerous in BAL after acute viral infections, decreasing to low levels during latency, then fluctuating during bacterial sepsis. Specifically, mCMV-specific T-cells contracted at sepsis onset, expanding 2-4 weeks post-sepsis, presumably in response to increased viral loads at that time point. Altogether, our results support the use of BAL PCR for the diagnosis of CMV replication in immune competent hosts. Additionally, we demonstrate dynamic changes in CMV-specific T cells that occur in BAL during CMV infection and during sepsis induced viral reactivation. J. Med. Virol. 88:1408-1416, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mansfield
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sara Byrd
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joanne Trgovcich
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Burn, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marion Griessl
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles H Cook
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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54
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Quinn M, Erkes DA, Snyder CM. Cytomegalovirus and immunotherapy: opportunistic pathogen, novel target for cancer and a promising vaccine vector. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:211-21. [PMID: 26786895 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus that infects most people in the world and is almost always asymptomatic in the healthy host. However, CMV persists for life, requiring continuous immune surveillance to prevent disease and thus, CMV is a frequent complication in immune compromised patients. Many groups have been exploring the potential for adoptive T-cell therapies to control CMV reactivation as well as the progression of solid tumors harboring CMV. In addition, CMV itself is being explored as a vaccine vector for eliciting potent T-cell responses. This review will discuss key features of the basic biology of CMV-specific T cells as well as highlighting unanswered questions and ongoing work in the development of T-cell-based immunotherapies to target CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quinn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan A Erkes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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55
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Venturi V, Nzingha K, Amos TG, Charles WC, Dekhtiarenko I, Cicin-Sain L, Davenport MP, Rudd BD. The Neonatal CD8+ T Cell Repertoire Rapidly Diversifies during Persistent Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1604-16. [PMID: 26764033 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CMV is the most common congenital infection in the United States. The major target of congenital CMV is the brain, with clinical manifestations including mental retardation, vision impairment, and sensorineural hearing loss. Previous reports have shown that CD8(+) T cells are required to control viral replication and significant numbers of CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells persist in the brain even after the initial infection has been cleared. However, the dynamics of CD8(+) T cells in the brain during latency remain largely undefined. In this report, we used TCR sequencing to track the development and maintenance of neonatal clonotypes in the brain and spleen of mice during chronic infection. Given the discontinuous nature of tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells, we hypothesized that neonatal TCR clonotypes would be locked in the brain and persist into adulthood. Surprisingly, we found that the Ag-specific T cell repertoire in neonatal-infected mice diversified during persistent infection in both the brain and spleen, while maintaining substantial similarity between the CD8(+) T cell populations in the brain and spleen in both early and late infection. However, despite the diversification of, and potential interchange between, the spleen and brain Ag-specific T cell repertoires, we observed that germline-encoded TCR clonotypes, characteristic of neonatal infection, persisted in the brain, albeit sometimes in low abundance. These results provide valuable insights into the evolution of CD8(+) T cell repertoires following neonatal CMV infection and thus have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies to control CMV in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Venturi
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Timothy G Amos
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Wisler C Charles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Iryna Dekhtiarenko
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; and
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; and Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;
| | - Brian D Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850;
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56
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Bolinger B, Sims S, Swadling L, O'Hara G, de Lara C, Baban D, Saghal N, Lee LN, Marchi E, Davis M, Newell E, Capone S, Folgori A, Barnes E, Klenerman P. Adenoviral Vector Vaccination Induces a Conserved Program of CD8(+) T Cell Memory Differentiation in Mouse and Man. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1578-88. [PMID: 26586434 PMCID: PMC4670868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following exposure to vaccines, antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses develop as long-term memory pools. Vaccine strategies based on adenoviral vectors, e.g., those developed for HCV, are able to induce and sustain substantial CD8+ T cell populations. How such populations evolve following vaccination remains to be defined at a transcriptional level. We addressed the transcriptional regulation of divergent CD8+ T cell memory pools induced by an adenovector encoding a model antigen (beta-galactosidase). We observe transcriptional profiles that mimic those following infection with persistent pathogens, murine and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Key transcriptional hallmarks include upregulation of homing receptors and anti-apoptotic pathways, driven by conserved networks of transcription factors, including T-bet. In humans, an adenovirus vaccine induced similar CMV-like phenotypes and transcription factor regulation. These data clarify the core features of CD8+ T cell memory following vaccination with adenovectors and indicate a conserved pathway for memory development shared with persistent herpesviruses. Adenovector vaccination induces two transcriptionally distinct CD8 memory responses The sustained response induced by adenovectors and CMV is closely related The core molecular features are shared tightly in mouse and man Adenovaccines in humans induce a CD8 response that recapitulates these core features
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bolinger
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stuart Sims
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Geraldine O'Hara
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Catherine de Lara
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Dilair Baban
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natasha Saghal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Mark Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Evan Newell
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ellie Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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57
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Smith CJ, Caldeira-Dantas S, Turula H, Snyder CM. Murine CMV Infection Induces the Continuous Production of Mucosal Resident T Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1137-1148. [PMID: 26526996 PMCID: PMC4648370 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus that persists for life and maintains extremely large numbers of T cells with select specificities in circulation. However, it is unknown how viral persistence impacts T cell populations in mucosal sites. We found that many murine (M)CMV-specific CD8s in mucosal tissues became resident memory T cells (TRM). These cells adopted an intraepithelial localization in the salivary gland that correlated with, but did not depend on, expression of the integrin CD103. MCMV-specific TRM cells formed early after infection, and spleen-localized cells had reduced capacities to become TRM at late times. Surprisingly, however, small numbers of new TRM cells were formed from the circulating pool throughout infection, favoring populations maintained at high levels in the blood and shifting the immunodominance within the TRM populations over time. These data show that mucosal TRM populations can be dynamically maintained by a persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sofia Caldeira-Dantas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Holly Turula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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58
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Oduro JD, Redeker A, Lemmermann NAW, Ebermann L, Marandu TF, Dekhtiarenko I, Holzki JK, Busch DH, Arens R, Čičin-Šain L. Murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection via the intranasal route offers a robust model of immunity upon mucosal CMV infection. J Gen Virol 2015; 97:185-195. [PMID: 26555192 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus, causing the most common congenital infection in humans, yet a vaccine against this virus is not available. Experimental studies of immunity against CMV in animal models of infection, such as the infection of mice with mouse CMV (MCMV), have relied mainly on parenteral infection protocols, although the virus naturally transmits by mucosal routes via body fluids. To characterize the biology of infections by mucosal routes, we compared the kinetics of virus replication, latent viral load and CD8 T-cell responses in lymphoid organs upon experimental intranasal (targeting the respiratory tract) and intragastric (targeting the digestive tract) infection with systemic intraperitoneal infection of two unrelated mouse strains. We observed that intranasal infection induced robust and long-term virus replication in the lungs and salivary glands but limited replication in the spleen. CD8 T-cell responses were somewhat weaker than upon intraperitoneal infection but showed similar kinetic profiles and phenotypes of antigen-specific cells. In contrast, intragastric infection resulted in abortive or poor virus replication in all tested organs and poor T-cell responses to the virus, especially at late times after infection. Consistent with the T-cell kinetics, the MCMV latent load was high in the lungs but low in the spleen of intranasally infected mice and lowest in all tested organs upon intragastric infection. In conclusion, we showed that intranasal but not intragastric infection of mice with MCMV represents a robust model to study the short- and long-term biology of CMV infection by a mucosal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Oduro
- Department of Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infections, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke Redeker
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels A W Lemmermann
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Linda Ebermann
- Department of Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infections, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F Marandu
- Department of Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infections, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Tanzania
| | - Iryna Dekhtiarenko
- Department of Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infections, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia K Holzki
- Department of Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infections, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Focus Group 'Clinical Cell Processing and Purification', Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infections, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department for Virology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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59
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The Salivary Gland Acts as a Sink for Tissue-Resident Memory CD8(+) T Cells, Facilitating Protection from Local Cytomegalovirus Infection. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1125-1136. [PMID: 26526997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) reside in barrier tissues and provide local immediate protective immunity. Here, we show that the salivary gland (SG) most-effectively induces CD8(+) and CD4(+) TRM cells against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), which persists in and spreads from this organ. TRM generation depended on local antigen for CD4(+), but not CD8(+), TRM cells, highlighting major differences in T cell subset-specific demands for TRM development. CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells fail to control virus replication upon primary infection in the SG due to CMV-induced MHC I downregulation in glandular epithelial cells. Using intraglandular infection, we challenge this notion and demonstrate that memory CD8(+) T cells confer immediate protection against locally introduced MCMV despite active viral immune evasion, owing to early viral tropism to cells that largely withstand MHC I downregulation. Thus, we unravel a yet-unappreciated role for memory CD8(+) T cells in protecting mucosal tissues against CMV infection.
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60
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Kim J, Kim AR, Shin EC. Cytomegalovirus Infection and Memory T Cell Inflation. Immune Netw 2015; 15:186-90. [PMID: 26330804 PMCID: PMC4553256 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.4.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in healthy individuals is usually asymptomatic and results in latent infection. CMV reactivation occasionally occurs in healthy individuals according to their immune status over time. T cell responses to CMV are restricted to a limited number of immunodominant epitopes, as compared to responses to other chronic or persistent viruses. This response results in progressive, prolonged expansion of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells, termed 'memory inflation'. The expanded CMV-specific CD8+ T cell population is extraordinarily large and is more prominent in the elderly. CMV-specific CD8+ T cells possess rather similar phenotypic and functional features to those of replicative senescent T cells. In this review, we discuss the general features of CMV-specific inflationary memory T cells and the factors involved in memory inflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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61
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Quinn M, Turula H, Tandon M, Deslouches B, Moghbeli T, Snyder CM. Memory T cells specific for murine cytomegalovirus re-emerge after multiple challenges and recapitulate immunity in various adoptive transfer scenarios. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1726-1736. [PMID: 25595792 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reconstitution of CMV-specific immunity after transplant remains a primary clinical objective to prevent CMV disease, and adoptive immunotherapy of CMV-specific T cells can be an effective therapeutic approach. Because of viral persistence, most CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells become terminally differentiated effector phenotype CD8(+) T cells (TEFF). A minor subset retains a memory-like phenotype (memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells [TM]), but it is unknown whether these cells retain memory function or persist over time. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells with different phenotypes have different abilities to reconstitute sustained immunity after transfer. The immunology of human CMV infections is reflected in the murine CMV (MCMV) model. We found that human CMV- and MCMV-specific T cells displayed shared genetic programs, validating the MCMV model for studies of CMV-specific T cells in vivo. The MCMV-specific TM population was stable over time and retained a proliferative capacity that was vastly superior to TEFF. Strikingly, after transfer, TM established sustained and diverse T cell populations even after multiple challenges. Although both TEFF and TM could protect Rag(-/-) mice, only TM persisted after transfer into immune replete, latently infected recipients and responded if recipient immunity was lost. Interestingly, transferred TM did not expand until recipient immunity was lost, supporting that competition limits the Ag stimulation of TM. Ultimately, these data show that CMV-specific TM retain memory function during MCMV infection and can re-establish CMV immunity when necessary. Thus, TM may be a critical component for consistent, long-term adoptive immunotherapy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quinn
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Holly Turula
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mayank Tandon
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Toktam Moghbeli
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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