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Encrenaz G, Laberon S, Lagabrielle C, Debruyne G, Pouyaud J, Rascle N. Psychosocial risks in small enterprises: the mediating role of perceived working conditions in the relationship between enterprise size and workers' anxious or depressive episodes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2018; 25:485-494. [PMID: 29557281 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1452457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The relationship between enterprise size and psychosocial working conditions has received little attention so far but some findings suggest that conditions are more favorable in small enterprises. This could have a positive impact on workers' mental health. The objective of this study was to test the mediating effect of perceived working conditions in the relationship between enterprise size and anxious or depressive episodes. Methods. Data from the 2010 SUMER - Surveillance Médicale des Expositions aux Risques professionnels (French periodical cross-sectional survey) were analyzed; N = 31,420 for the present study. Anxious or depressive episodes were measured with the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the perceived working conditions were psychological demand, decision latitude and social support as assessed with Karasek's job content questionnaire. The indirect effect was tested according to the method proposed by Preacher and Hayes. Results. In a multivariate logistic regression, the risk of anxious or depressive episodes was found to be lower in micro enterprises (2-9 employees). Formal tests pointed to a significant indirect effect of enterprise size on mental health through perceived working conditions, with a larger effect for psychological demand. Conclusion. This study highlights perceived working conditions as an explanation of the effects of enterprise size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Encrenaz
- a COMPTRASEC UMR 5114 CNRS , University of Bordeaux , France
| | - Sonia Laberon
- b Laboratory of Psychology EA 4139 , University of Bordeaux , France
| | - Christine Lagabrielle
- c Laboratory Psychology of Socialization - Development and Work EA1697 , University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès , France
| | | | - Jacques Pouyaud
- b Laboratory of Psychology EA 4139 , University of Bordeaux , France
| | - Nicole Rascle
- d INSERM - Bordeaux Population Health Research Center , University of Bordeaux , France
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Nicolas C, Chawky N, Jourdan-Ionescu C, Drouin MS, Page C, Houlfort N, Beauchamp G, Séguin M. Stresseurs professionnels et troubles mentaux courants : quels liens de causalité ? Encephale 2018; 44:200-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Milner A, Witt K, LaMontagne AD, Niedhammer I. Psychosocial job stressors and suicidality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:245-253. [PMID: 28851757 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Job stressors are known determinants of common mental disorders. Over the past 10 years, there has been evidence that job stressors may also be risk factors for suicidality. The current paper sought to examine this topic through the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to date. METHODS We used a three-tier search strategy of seven electronic databases. Studies were included if they reported on a job stressor or job-related stress as an exposure and suicide ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt or suicide as an outcome. Two researchers independently screened articles. All extracted effect estimates were converted to log-transformed ORs. RESULTS There were 22 studies that were included in meta-analysis. Overall, exposure to job stressors was associated with elevated risk of suicide ideation and behaviours. The OR for suicide ideation (14 studies) ranged from 1.45 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.08) for poor supervisor and colleague support to 1.91 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.99) for job insecurity. For suicide (six studies), exposure to lower supervisor and collegial support produced an OR of 1.16 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.38), while low job control resulted in an OR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.50). There were only two studies that examined suicide attempt, both of which suggested an adverse effect of exposure to job stressors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides some evidence that job stressors may be related to suicidal outcomes. However, as most studies in the area were cross-sectional and observational in design, there is a need for longitudinal research to assess the robustness of observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Work, Health and Wellbeing Unit, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina Witt
- Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Work, Health and Wellbeing Unit, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, U1085, Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, Angers, France.,Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, University of Angers, Angers, France
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Kouvonen A, Mänty M, Lallukka T, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions and psychotropic medication in ageing public sector employees: a record-linkage follow-up study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015573. [PMID: 28706097 PMCID: PMC5734573 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions are associated with subsequent psychotropic medication in ageing employees. METHODS Data were from the Helsinki Health Study, a cohort study of Finnish municipal employees, aged 40-60 years at phase 1 (2000-2002). Changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions were measured between phase 1 and phase 2 (2007). Survey data were longitudinally linked to data on prescribed, reimbursed psychotropic medication purchases (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) obtained from the registers of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland between the phase 2 survey and December 2013 (N=3587; 80% women). Outcomes were any psychotropic medication; antidepressants (N06A); anxiolytics (N05B); and sedatives and hypnotics (N05C). Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS During the follow-up, 28% of the participants were prescribed psychotropic medication. Repeated exposures to low job control, high job demands and high physical work load were associated with an increased risk of subsequent antidepressant and anxiolytic medication. Increased and repeated exposure to high physical work load, increased job control and repeated high job demands were associated with subsequent sedative and hypnotic medication. Age and sex-adjusted HR varied from 1.18 to 1.66. Improvement in job control was associated with a lower risk of anxiolytic, but with a higher risk of sedatives and hypnotic medication. Decreased physical work load was associated with a lower risk of antidepressant and anxiolytic medications. CONCLUSION Improvement in working conditions could lower the risk of mental ill-health indicated by psychotropic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- Administrative Data Research Centre (Northern Ireland), Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Fitch TJ, Moran J, Villanueva G, Sagiraju HKR, Quadir MM, Alamgir H. Prevalence and risk factors of depression among garment workers in Bangladesh. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:244-254. [PMID: 28466750 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017695576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a growing health issue in both developed and developing countries. General unawareness at the population level, lack of training among health care providers and scarcity of resources including treatment opportunities may conceal the real burden of depression in developing countries, and more epidemiological studies on its prevalence and risk factors are critically needed. AIM This study reports the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among female garment factory workers in Bangladesh - a major supplier country of clothes for the Western market. This research should generate useful evidence for national and international stakeholders who have an interest in improving health, safety and well-being of outsourced factory workers. METHODS A survey was conducted on a sample of 600 lower socio-economic status working women including garment workers. This survey collected data on demographic and health profile of these workers. The primary outcome was depression as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire 9. It also obtained data on traumatic life events and post-traumatic stress disorder. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was 23.5%: 20.9% among garment workers and 26.4% among others. Part-time employment (odds ratio-OR): 2.36, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01-5.51), chronic pain (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.01-2.78), two or more traumatic life events (OR: 6.43, 95% CI: 2.85-14.55) and dysuria (OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.02-6.15) were found to be significantly associated with depression among these workers in multivariate regression model. Depression prevalene lowered by 11% among these workers for every additional monthly earning of 1,000 taka (US$12). CONCLUSION Depression is a multifaceted health issue with many personal, social, economic and health determinants and consequences. This study demonstrates that the prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression among working women in Bangladesh is quite high. Prevention and treatment of depression in developing countries and societies can reduce suffering, lower incidence of suicide, and prevent economic loss. Creating awareness on outsourced workers' poor mental health may help in developing initiatives to protect and preserve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hari Krishna Raju Sagiraju
- 4 School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Hasanat Alamgir
- 6 Department of Health Policy and Management, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Pirkis J, Currier D, Butterworth P, Milner A, Kavanagh A, Tibble H, Robinson J, Spittal MJ. Socio-Economic Position and Suicidal Ideation in Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040365. [PMID: 28362354 PMCID: PMC5409566 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
People in low socio-economic positions are over-represented in suicide statistics and are at heightened risk for non-fatal suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Few studies have tried to tease out the relationship between individual-level and area-level socio-economic position, however. We used data from Ten to Men (the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health) to investigate the relationship between individual-level and area-level socio-economic position and suicidal thinking in 12,090 men. We used a measure of unemployment/employment and occupational skill level as our individual-level indicator of socio-economic position. We used the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (a composite multidimensional construct created by the Australian Bureau of Statistics that combines information from a range of area-level variables, including the prevalence of unemployment and employment in low skilled occupations) as our area-level indicator. We assessed suicidal thinking using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We found that even after controlling for common predictors of suicidal thinking; low individual-level and area-level socio-economic position heightened risk. Individual-level socio-economic position appeared to exert the greater influence of the two; however. There is an onus on policy makers and planners from within and outside the mental health sector to take individual- and area-level socio-economic position into account when they are developing strategic initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Dianne Currier
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Holly Tibble
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Jo Robinson
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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Muñoz-Quezada MT, Lucero B, Iglesias V, Levy K, Muñoz MP, Achú E, Cornejo C, Concha C, Brito AM, Villalobos M. Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and health conditions in agricultural and non-agricultural workers from Maule, Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:82-93. [PMID: 28002976 PMCID: PMC5479415 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2016.1268679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the characteristics of exposure to OP pesticides and health status in Chilean farm workers from the Maule Region. An occupational health questionnaire was administered in 207 agricultural and non-agricultural workers. For the group of agricultural workers, we asked about specific occupational exposure history and symptoms of OP pesticide poisoning. The main health problem of the exposed group was previous OP pesticide poisoning (p < 0.001). Fifty-six percent of agricultural workers reported symptoms consistent with acute OP pesticide poisoning. The use of respiratory personal protective equipment and younger age were protective against these symptoms, and number of years of OP pesticide exposure was positively associated with reporting symptoms of poisoning. Of the pesticide applicators 47 % reported using chlorpyrifos. The regulations regarding use and application of pesticides should be strengthened, as should training and intervention with workers to improve the use of personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Lucero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Iglesias
- laboratory of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Karen Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - María Pía Muñoz
- laboratory of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Achú
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudia Cornejo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carlos Concha
- Health Ministerial Regional Secretariat of the Maule, Government of Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Marcos Villalobos
- The Agricultural and Livestock Service of the Maule Region, Government of Chile, Talca, Chile
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Lu YC, Wang CP, Yu TH, Tsai IT, Hung WC, Lu IC, Hsu CC, Tang WH, Houng JY, Chung FM, Yen Jean MC. Shift work is associated with metabolic syndrome in male steel workers-the role of resistin and WBC count-related metabolic derangements. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:83. [PMID: 29075331 PMCID: PMC5644151 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is increasing evidence linking a shift work schedule with various adverse health effects. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between shift work and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in male steel workers, and also the possible mechanism of shift work-related metabolic derangements. METHODS A total of 1732 men aged 42 ± 8 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 862 day workers and 870 shift workers. Circulating levels of resistin were measured by ELISA using monoclonal specific antibodies. RESULTS The shift workers had higher rates of MetS and its components (central obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia) than the day workers. In multiple logistic regression analysis, shift work was independently associated with MetS. In further analysis, the shift workers had elevated circulating levels of resistin (13 ± 10 vs. 10 ± 7 ng/mL) and total white blood cell (WBC) count (6.865 ± 1.819 vs. 6.304 ± 1.547 109/L) than the day workers. In addition, both resistin level and total WBC count were significantly associated with shift work, MetS, and its components (body mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels), and plasma resistin levels were significantly associated with total WBC count (β = 0.34, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Shift work was independently associated with MetS in male steel workers. Resistin and WBC count were associated with shift work-related metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chuan Lu
- Division of Endocrinologic, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Hung
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd, Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chu Yen Jean
- Department of Occupational Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd, Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
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LEE BJ, LAMICHHANE DK, JUNG DY, MOON SH, KIM SJ, KIM HC. Psychosocial factors and psychological well-being: a study from a nationally representative sample of Korean workers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2016; 54:237-245. [PMID: 26726830 PMCID: PMC4939870 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2015-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine how each psychosocial factor on working conditions is related to a worker's well-being. Data from the 2011 Korean Working Conditions Survey were analyzed for 33,569 employed workers aged ≥15 years. Well-being was evaluated through the WHO-5 questionnaire and variables about occupational psychosocial factors were classified into eight categories. The prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression model. Overall, 44.3% of men and 57.4% of women were in a low well-being group. In a univariate analysis, most of the psychosocial factors on working conditions are significantly related with a worker's low well-being, except for insufficient job autonomy in both genders and job insecurity for males only. After adjusting for sociodemographic and structural factors on working conditions, job dissatisfaction, lack of reward, lack of social support, violence and discrimination at work still showed a statistically significant association with a worker's low well-being for both genders. We found that psychosocial working conditions were associated with the workers' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Joon LEE
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Dirga Kumar LAMICHHANE
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, South Korea
| | - Dal-Young JUNG
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, South Korea
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, South Korea
| | - So-Hyun MOON
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, South Korea
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jin KIM
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, South Korea
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol KIM
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, South Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, South Korea
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Bossard C, Santin G, Lopez V, Imbernon E, Cohidon C. [Surveillance of work-related suicide in France: An exploratory study]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016; 64:201-10. [PMID: 27241080 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2016.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a large media coverage of the phenomenon, the number of work-related suicides is currently unknown in France. There are nevertheless some data available to document this important issue. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of an epidemiological surveillance system for work-related suicides designed to quantify and describe work-related suicides mainly according to economic sectors and occupational categories. METHODS Existing data sources in France were identified and evaluated for their relevance and their potential use in a multi-sources surveillance system. A regional pilot study was performed using the main relevant sources identified to investigate different aspects of the system design. RESULTS Four major data sources were identified to be used to describe work-related suicides: death certificates, social insurance funds, data collected by the officers of the labor inspectorate and data collected from autopsy reports in forensic departments. The regional pilot study gave an estimate of 28 cases of work-related suicide in two years. CONCLUSION The findings point out the difficulties involved and the criteria for successful implement of such a system. The study provides some solutions for carrying out this system, the achievement of which will depend upon particular resources and partners' agreements. Recommendations for the next steps have been made based on this work, including possible collaboration with forensic departments, which collect essential data for surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bossard
- Département santé travail, institut de veille sanitaire, 12, rue du Val-d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - G Santin
- Département santé travail, institut de veille sanitaire, 12, rue du Val-d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - V Lopez
- Institut médico-légal et institut de santé au travail, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E Imbernon
- Département santé travail, institut de veille sanitaire, 12, rue du Val-d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - C Cohidon
- Département santé travail, institut de veille sanitaire au moment des travaux, policlinique médicale universitaire de Lausanne, Lausanne, Suisse
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Cocchi M, Sardi L, Tonello L, Martelli G. Do mood disorders play a role in pig welfare? ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim TJ, von dem Knesebeck O. Is an insecure job better for health than having no job at all? A systematic review of studies investigating the health-related risks of both job insecurity and unemployment. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:985. [PMID: 26419739 PMCID: PMC4589035 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though previous research repeatedly found that being employed is better for health than having no job at all, evidence suggests that employment is not always beneficial for health. With especially job insecurity reflecting a contemporary health risk for the employed, a systematic review was performed to assess if insecure employment can be as detrimental for health as unemployment, and to determine whether these associations vary according to different health measures and among men and women. Methods The literature search was conducted in the databases Medline, Embase and PsychInfo. In order to allow a more accurate comparison between the two risk factors, studies were included if the data for job insecurity and unemployment was ascertained from the same sample, and contained a quantitative analysis for both exposures towards one (or more) health outcome(s). Results Out of 375 articles, in total, 13 studies were included in the systematic review. In 24 analyses contrasting the health-related associations between job insecurity and unemployment, 16 statistically significant associations were found for each exposure. According to the different health outcomes used, job insecurity and unemployment were strongly related to mental health, whereas job insecurity was more strongly associated with somatic symptoms. Unemployment showed stronger relations with worse general health and mortality. In 4 out of 16 gender-stratified analyses, significant associations between job insecurity/unemployment and health were found for men but not for women. Beyond that, associations were significant or insignificant in both gender groups. Conclusions Though there were moderate differences across the health outcomes, overall, it was found that job insecurity can pose a comparable threat to health than unemployment. Policy interventions should therefore not only consider health risks posed by unemployment, but should also aim at the reduction of insecure employment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2313-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:738. [PMID: 26232123 PMCID: PMC4522058 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are potential outcomes of poorly functioning work environments. Such symptoms are frequent and cause considerable suffering for the employees as well as financial loss for the employers. Accordingly good prospective studies of psychosocial working conditions and depressive symptoms are valuable. Scientific reviews of such studies have pointed at methodological difficulties but still established a few job risk factors. Those reviews were published some years ago. There is need for an updated systematic review using the GRADE system. In addition, gender related questions have been insufficiently reviewed. METHOD Inclusion criteria for the studies published 1990 to June 2013: 1. European and English speaking countries. 2. Quantified results describing the relationship between exposure (psychosocial or physical/chemical) and outcome (standardized questionnaire assessment of depressive symptoms or interview-based clinical depression). 3. Prospective or comparable case-control design with at least 100 participants. 4. Assessments of exposure (working conditions) and outcome at baseline and outcome (depressive symptoms) once again after follow-up 1-5 years later. 5. Adjustment for age and adjustment or stratification for gender. Studies filling inclusion criteria were subjected to assessment of 1.) relevance and 2.) quality using predefined criteria. Systematic review of the evidence was made using the GRADE system. When applicable, meta-analysis of the magnitude of associations was made. Consistency of findings was examined for a number of possible confounders and publication bias was discussed. RESULTS Fifty-nine articles of high or medium high scientific quality were included. Moderately strong evidence (grade three out of four) was found for job strain (high psychological demands and low decision latitude), low decision latitude and bullying having significant impact on development of depressive symptoms. Limited evidence (grade two) was shown for psychological demands, effort reward imbalance, low support, unfavorable social climate, lack of work justice, conflicts, limited skill discretion, job insecurity and long working hours. There was no differential gender effect of adverse job conditions on depressive symptoms CONCLUSION There is substantial empirical evidence that employees, both men and women, who report lack of decision latitude, job strain and bullying, will experience increasing depressive symptoms over time. These conditions are amenable to organizational interventions.
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Kawabe Y, Nakamura Y, Kikuchi S, Suzukamo Y, Murakami Y, Tanaka T, Takebayashi T, Okayama A, Miura K, Okamura T, Fukuhara S, Ueshima H. Relationship of type of work with health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res 2015; 24:2927-32. [PMID: 26038222 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relation of work type with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in healthy workers. METHODS We cross-sectionally examined 4427 (3605 men and 822 women) healthy workers in Japan, aged 19-69 years. We assessed HRQoL based on scores for five scales of the SF-36. Multiple regression was applied to examine the relation of work type (nighttime, shift, day to night, and daytime) with the five HRQoL norm-based scores, lower scores of which indicate poorer health status, adjusted for confounding factors, including sleeping duration. RESULTS Shiftwork was inversely related to role physical [regression estimate (β) = -2.12, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) -2.94, -1.30, P < 0.001], general health (β = -1.37, 95 % CI -2.01, -0.72, P < 0.001), role emotional (β = -1.24, 95% CI -1.98, -0.50, P < 0.001), and mental health (β = -1.31, 95% CI -2.01, -0.63, P < 0.001) independent of confounding factors, but not to vitality. Day-to-nighttime work was inversely related to all the five HRQoL subscales (Ps 0.012 to <0.001). CONCLUSION Shiftwork was significantly inversely related to four out of the five HRQoL, except for vitality, and day-to-nighttime work was significantly inversely related to all five HRQoL, independent of demographic and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kawabe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Departments of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Kikuchi
- Department of Community Network and Collaborative Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Suzukamo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Murakami
- Departments of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichiro Tanaka
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Center for Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Departments of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuhara
- Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Departments of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Yoon CG, Bae KJ, Kang MY, Yoon JH. Is suicidal ideation linked to working hours and shift work in Korea? J Occup Health 2015; 57:222-9. [PMID: 25752659 DOI: 10.1539/joh.14-0237-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study attempted to use the community health survey (CHS) to identify the effect of long working hours (long WHs) and night/shift work on suicidal ideation among the employed population of Korea. METHODS This study used data from 67,471 subjects who were administered the 2008 CHS which obtained information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors and working environment, using structured questionnaires and personal interviews. We adopted multiple logistic regression models for gender and employment stratification. RESULTS Among male employees, suicidal ideation was significantly associated with only moderately long WHs (51-60 hours), after controlling covariates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.07 to 1.57). Self-employed/male employer populations had higher suicidal ideation when they had moderately long WHs (aOR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.01 to 1.50) and very long WHs (over 60 hours) (aOR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.59). Among the female population, suicidal ideation was significantly association with moderately long WHs in the employee group (aOR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.58) and moderately (aOR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.69) and very (aOR, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.07 to 1.65) long WHs in the self-employed/employer group. Shift work was a significant predictor only in the female population in the employee groups (aOR, 1.45; 95%CI, 1.23 to 1.70). CONCLUSIONS Long WHs and shift work were associated with suicidal ideation when taking into account gender and employment differences. The harmful effects of exceptionally long WHs in Korea, among other Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, raise concerns about public and occupational health. To address the issue of long WHs, labor policies that reduce maximum working hours and facilitate job stability are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gyo Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Armed Forces Medical Command
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Maguen S, Skopp NA, Zhang Y, Smolenski DJ. Gender differences in suicide and suicide attempts among US Army soldiers. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:545-9. [PMID: 25530416 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to best tailor suicide prevention initiatives and programs, it is critical to gain an understanding of how service members׳ suicide risk factors may differ by gender. We aimed to better understand gender differences in suicide and suicide attempts among soldiers, including demographic, military, mental health, and other risk factors. We also examined risk factors uniquely associated with suicide and suicide attempts. We conducted a retrospective study of 1857 US Army soldiers who died by suicide or attempted suicide between 2008 and 2010 and had a Department of Defense Suicide Event Report. Female and male soldiers had more similarities than differences when examining risk factors associated with suicide. The only gender difference approaching significance was workplace difficulties, which was more strongly associated with suicide for female soldiers, compared to their male counterparts. Among suicide decedents, the most common risk factor was having a failed intimate relationship in the 90 days prior to suicide. Among those who attempted suicide, the most common risk factor was a major psychiatric diagnosis. Better understanding both gender differences and risk factors uniquely associated with suicide has critical prevention and public health implications as we work to better understand preventable mortality in our youngest generation of service members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Maguen
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nancy A Skopp
- National Center for Telehealth & Technology, Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health & Traumatic Brain Injury, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Center for Telehealth & Technology, Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health & Traumatic Brain Injury, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Derek J Smolenski
- National Center for Telehealth & Technology, Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health & Traumatic Brain Injury, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, USA
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Yoshimasu K, Mure K, Hashimoto M, Takemura S, Tsuno K, Hayashida M, Kinoshita K, Takeshita T, Miyashita K. Genetic alcohol sensitivity regulated by ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms is strongly associated with depression and anxiety in Japanese employees. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 147:130-6. [PMID: 25543168 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol-related disorders (ARD) have been shown to be accompanied by comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders, and alcohol metabolic enzyme genes, ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms, have been associated with an increased risk of ARD, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the associations between these genetic polymorphisms and anxiety or depression. METHOD A total of 1944 Japanese workers were interviewed regarding their depressive and anxiety disorders, including suicidality, by a brief psychiatric structured interview (MINI). We investigated the relationship of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism combinations with mental disorder risks. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between those polymorphisms and anxiety/depressive disorders, adjusting for sex, age, and job rank. The degree of alcohol sensitivity was classified into five groups according to the combination of two enzyme genotypes (Group I-V, in order from the lowest alcohol sensitivity). RESULTS Those with ALDH2(*)1/(*)1 and ADH1B(*)1/(*)1 were likely to be at an increased risk of depressive and anxiety disorders as well as ARD. This tendency was more apparent among non-drinkers (OR 9.20, 95% CI 1.66-50.89). No adverse effects of ALDH2 or ADH1B alone were observed with mental disorder risks. Likewise, analyses conducted combining job rank and genetic alcohol sensitivity showed no material associations with such risks. CONCLUSIONS Genetic alcohol sensitivity, especially that with the genotype combination of ALDH2(*)1/(*)1 and ADH1B(*)1/(*)1, was significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety disorders as well as ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Yoshimasu
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Kanae Mure
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Marowa Hashimoto
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takemura
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Mariko Hayashida
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyubancho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kenji Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyubancho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takeshita
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Miyashita
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Baumert J, Schneider B, Lukaschek K, Emeny RT, Meisinger C, Erazo N, Dragano N, Ladwig KH. Adverse conditions at the workplace are associated with increased suicide risk. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 57:90-5. [PMID: 25012186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study addressed potential harms of a negative working environment for employed subjects. The main aim was to evaluate if adverse working conditions and job strain are related to an increase in suicide mortality. METHODS The study population consisted of 6817 participants drawn from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg, Germany, surveys conducted in 1984-1995, being employed at baseline examination and followed up on average for 12.6 years. Adverse working conditions were assessed by an instrument of 16 items about chronobiological, physical and psychosocial conditions at the workplace, job strain was assessed as defined by Karasek. Suicide risks were estimated by Cox regression adjusted for suicide-related risk factors. RESULTS A number of 28 suicide cases were observed within follow-up. High levels of adversity in chronobiological/physical working conditions significantly increased the risk for suicide mortality (HR 3.28, 95% CI 1.43-7.54) compared to low/intermediate levels in a model adjusted for age, sex and survey (p value 0.005). Additional adjustment for living alone, low educational level, smoking, high alcohol consumption, obesity and depressed mood attenuated this effect (HR 2.73) but significance remained (p value 0.022). Adverse psychosocial working conditions and job strain, in contrast, had no impact on subsequent suicide mortality risk (p values > 0.200). CONCLUSIONS A negative working environment concerning chronobiological or physical conditions at the workplace had an unfavourable impact on suicide mortality risk, even after controlling for relevant suicide-related risk factors. Employer interventions aimed to improve workplace conditions might be considered as a suitable means to prevent suicides among employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Baumert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Karoline Lukaschek
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca T Emeny
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Erazo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Akbari J, Akbari R, Farasati F, Mahaki B. Job stress among Iranian prison employees. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2014; 5:208-15. [PMID: 25270011 PMCID: PMC7767611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to job stress causes deleterious effects on physical and mental health of employees and productivity of organizations. OBJECTIVE To study work-related stressors among employees of prisons of Ilam, western Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted from July to October 2013, 177 employees of Ilam prisons and security-corrective measures organization were enrolled in this study. The UK Health and Safety Executive Organization 35-item questionnaire for assessment of occupational stress was used to determine job stress among the studied employees. RESULTS Job stress was highest among employees of "correction and rehabilitation center" of Ilam province followed by "Dalab vocational training center." There was no significant relationship between occupational stress and age, work experience, level of education, marital status, sex of employees, and obesity. CONCLUSION Employees of prisons, for their nature of job and work environment, are exposed to high level of occupational stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Akbari
- 1Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Akbari
- 2Dalab Vocational Training Center, Ilam Prisons and SecurityCorrective Measures Organization, Ilam, Iran
| | - F Farasati
- 3Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - B Mahaki
- 4Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Milner A, Page K, Spencer-Thomas S, Lamotagne AD. Workplace suicide prevention: a systematic review of published and unpublished activities. Health Promot Int 2014; 30:29-37. [PMID: 25256000 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dau085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of published studies on workplace suicide prevention activities, and an even larger number of activities that are not reported on in academic literature. The aim of this review was to provide a systematic assessment of workplace suicide prevention activities, including short-term training activities, as well as suicide prevention strategies designed for occupational groups at risk of suicide. The search was based on Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) Guidelines. The databases used for the searches were the Cochrane Trials Library and PubMed. A range of suicide prevention websites were also searched to ascertain the information on unpublished workplace suicide prevention activities. Key characteristics of retrieved studies were extracted and explained, including whether activities were short-term training programmes or developed specifically for occupations at risk of suicide. There were 13 interventions relevant for the review after exclusions. There were a few examples of prevention activities developed for at-risk occupations (e.g. police, army, air force and the construction industry) as well as a number of general awareness programmes that could be applied across different settings. Very few workplace suicide prevention initiatives had been evaluated. Results from those that had been evaluated suggest that prevention initiatives had beneficial effects. Suicide prevention has the potential to be integrated into existing workplace mental health activities. There is a need for further studies to develop, implement and evaluate workplace suicide prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- The McCaughey Vichealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Page
- Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anthony D Lamotagne
- Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Cullati S, Courvoisier DS, Burton-Jeangros C. Mental health trajectories and their embeddedness in work and family circumstances: a latent state-trait approach to life-course trajectories. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2014; 36:1077-1094. [PMID: 25117917 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental health trajectories are known to be influenced by work and family circumstances. However, few studies have examined both of these influences simultaneously in a longitudinal manner. The life-course perspective stresses the importance of examining trajectories in terms of both stable and dynamic components. In this article we use structural equation models (latent state-trait, LST) to distinguish the stable and situational components of mental health trajectories and hypothesise that situational mental health is influenced by satisfaction with work and family, and this effect differs by gender. An analysis of data from a nationally representative sample of 1616 working Swiss residents (2000-2006) shows that mental health trajectories are mostly stable and only slightly sensitive to situational influences. However, situational influences in a given wave do predict situational influences in the next wave. Satisfaction with work and family influences situational mental health in both genders, but the impact is greater for men. In conclusion, the LST approach allows for the examination of mental health trajectories from a life-course perspective by distinguishing stable and situational components. Mental health trajectories are more stable and constant than they are dependent on work and family circumstances, and men are more sensitive to family circumstances than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cullati
- Swiss National Centre of Competence for Research LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Institute of Demographic and Life Course Studies, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Oquendo MA, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Poh E, Sullivan G, Burke AK, Sublette ME, Mann JJ, Galfalvy H. Life events: a complex role in the timing of suicidal behavior among depressed patients. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:902-9. [PMID: 24126928 PMCID: PMC3988274 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is often conceptualized as a response to overwhelming stress. Our model posits that given a propensity for acting on suicidal urges, stressors such as life events or major depressive episodes (MDEs) determine the timing of suicidal acts. Depressed patients (n=415) were assessed prospectively for suicide attempts and suicide, life events and MDE over 2 years. Longitudinal data were divided into 1-month intervals characterized by MDE (yes/no), suicidal behavior (yes/no) and life event scores. Marginal logistic regression models were fit, with suicidal behavior as the response variable and MDE and life event score in either the same or previous month, respectively, as time-varying covariates. Among 7843 person-months, 33% had MDE and 73% had life events. MDE increased the risk for suicidal behavior (odds ratio (OR)=4.83, P⩽0.0001). Life event scores were unrelated to the timing of suicidal behavior (OR=1.06 per 100 point increase, P=0.32), even during a MDE (OR=1.12, P=0.15). However, among those without borderline personality disorder (BPD), both health- and work-related life events were key precipitants, as was recurrent MDE, with a 13-fold effect. The relationship of life events to suicidal behavior among those with BPD was more complex. Recurrent MDE was a robust precipitant for suicidal behavior, regardless of BPD comorbidity. The specific nature of life events is key to understanding the timing of suicidal behavior. Given unanticipated results regarding the role of BPD and study limitations, these findings require replication. Of note, that MDE, a treatable risk factor, strongly predicts suicidal behaviors is cause for hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - E Poh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - A K Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - M E Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - J J Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Kawabe Y, Nakamura Y, Kikuchi S, Murakami Y, Tanaka T, Takebayashi T, Okayama A, Miura K, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Relationship between shift work and clustering of the metabolic syndrome diagnostic components. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:703-11. [PMID: 24599169 DOI: 10.5551/jat.19380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between the type of work and the number of metabolic syndrome diagnostic components(MetS-DC), as well as the risk of MetS, with adjustment for lifestyle habits in Japanese workers. METHODS We examined the baseline data from 4,427 participants(81.4% male) aged 19 to 69 years old. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ). We defined the four MetS-DC in this study as follows: 1) high blood pressure(BP): systolic BP ≥130 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive drugs; 2) dyslipidemia: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration <40 mg/dl or triglyceride concentration ≥150 mg/dl, or on medication for dyslipidemia; 3) dysglycemia: fasting blood sugar level ≥110 mg/dl, or if less than eight hours after meals ≥140mg/dl, or on medication for diabetes mellitus; 4) overweight: a body mass index ≥25kg/m(2). We defined MetS as overweight plus two or more of the MetS-DC. RESULTS There were 3,094 subjects in the daytime work group, 73 in the fixed nighttime work group, 1,017 in the shift work group and 243 in the day-to-night work group. The Poisson regression analysis revealed that fixed nighttime (regression coefficient [b]=-0.233, P=0.028) and shift work (b=0.098, P=0.034) independently contributed to the number of MetS-DC, compared to daytime work. The multivariate logistic analysis not including sleep hours in the model showed that shift work was positively related to MetS (odd ratio=1.47, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Shift work were significantly associated with the number of MetS-DC, and was related to risk of MetS compared to daytime work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kawabe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University
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Cicolini G, Simonetti V, Comparcini D, Labeau S, Blot S, Pelusi G, Di Giovanni P. Nurses' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines on the prevention of peripheral venous catheter-related infections: a multicentre survey. J Clin Nurs 2013; 23:2578-88. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Cicolini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - Valentina Simonetti
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - Dania Comparcini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
| | - Sonia Labeau
- Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work; University College Ghent; Ghent Belgium
| | - Stijn Blot
- Department of Internal Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Pamela Di Giovanni
- Department of Pharmacy; “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti; Chieti Italy
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Milner A, Spittal MJ, Pirkis J, LaMontagne AD. Suicide by occupation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 203:409-16. [PMID: 24297788 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that those employed in certain occupations, such as doctors and farmers, have an elevated risk of suicide, yet little research has sought to synthesise these findings across working-age populations. AIMS To summarise published research in this area through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate a pooled risk of suicide across occupational skill-level groups. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Elementary professions (e.g. labourers and cleaners) were at elevated risk compared with the working-age population (rate ratio (RR) = 1.84, 95% CI 1.46-2.33), followed by machine operators and deck crew (RR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.22-2.60) and agricultural workers (RR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.19-2.28). Results suggested a stepwise gradient in risk, with the lowest skilled occupations being at greater risk of suicide than the highest skill-level group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive meta-analytical review of suicide and occupation. There is a need for future studies to investigate explanations for the observed skill-level differences, particularly in people employed in lower skill-level groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- Allison Milner, BpsychSc (Hons), PhD, The McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Matthew J. Spittal, PhD, Mbio, Jane Pirkis, BA(Hons), MPsych, MAppEpid, PhD, Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Anthony D. LaMontagne, ScD, MA, MEd, The McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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78
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Norder G, Roelen CAM, van Rhenen W, Buitenhuis J, Bültmann U, Anema JR. Predictors of recurrent sickness absence due to depressive disorders--a Delphi approach involving scientists and physicians. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51792. [PMID: 23284768 PMCID: PMC3527456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and highly recurrent mental disorder that is accompanied by poor functioning at home and at work. Not all depressed employees report sick and little is known about variables associated with sickness absence (SA) due to depression. Recurrent SA due to depression tends to marginalize employees from the workforce and exclude them from social participation. Therefore, this study sought group consensus on factors predicting recurrent SA due to depression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 23 scientists in the field of work and mental health and 23 physicians with expertise in assessing work disability were invited for a Delphi study. Sixty-seven factors retrieved from the literature were scored for their impact on the recurrence of SA due to depression, range 1 (no impact) to 10 (very high impact) in two Delphi rounds. The third Delphi round addressed the assessability and modifiability of elected predictors. Group consensus was defined as 75% agreement. In the first round (response 78%), group consensus was reached on a high impact of 13 factors on recurrent SA due to depression. The second round (response 79%) added another 8 factors with high impact on recurrent SA due to depression. The panelists were of the opinion that stressful life and work events, age at first diagnosis, duration of the last depressive episode, anxiety, lifetime number of depressive episodes, and psychological work demands were readily assessable in consultation with patients. Furthermore, work factors, particularly decision latitude, psychological job demands, and commitment to work, were recognized as modifiable. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Although results have to be validated with further quantitative research, physicians may identify employees at risk of recurrent SA due to depression and may support them to adjust their work aimed at increasing commitment to work and preventing future SA due to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giny Norder
- 365/Occupational Health Service Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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79
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Batterham PJ, Christensen H. Longitudinal risk profiling for suicidal thoughts and behaviours in a community cohort using decision trees. J Affect Disord 2012; 142:306-14. [PMID: 22840465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While associations between specific risk factors and subsequent suicidal thoughts or behaviours have been widely examined, there is limited understanding of the interplay between risk factors in the development of suicide risk. This study used a decision tree approach to develop individual models of suicide risk and identify the risk factors for suicidality that are important for different subpopulations. METHODS In a population cohort of 6656 Australian adults, the study examined whether measures of mental health, physical health, personality, substance use, social support, social stressors and background characteristics were associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviours after four-year follow-up. RESULTS Previous suicidality, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, neuroticism and rumination were the strongest predictors of suicidal ideation and behaviour after four years. However, divergent factors were predictive of suicidal thoughts and behaviours across the spectrum of mental health. In particular, substance use was only associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours in those with moderate levels of anxiety or depression. LIMITATIONS Most of the measurements were based on self-report. Further research is required to assess whether changes in risk factors lead to changes in suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Examining suicide risk factors using decision trees is a promising approach for developing individualised assessments of suicide risk and tailored intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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80
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Sánchez P, Torres JM, Castro B, Olmo A, del Moral RG, Ortega E. Expression of steroid 5α-reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats after environmental stress. FEBS J 2012; 280:93-101. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Granada; Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Granada; Spain
| | - Asunción Olmo
- Department of Pathology; San Cecilio University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Granada; Spain
| | - Raimundo G. del Moral
- Department of Pathology; San Cecilio University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Granada; Spain
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81
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Widanarko B, Legg S, Stevenson M, Devereux J, Eng A, 't Mannetje A, Cheng S, Pearce N. Prevalence and work-related risk factors for reduced activities and absenteeism due to low back symptoms. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2012; 43:727-737. [PMID: 22123534 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although quite a lot is known about the risk factors for low back symptoms (LBS), less is known about the risk factors for the consequences of LBS. A sample of 3003 men and women randomly selected from the New Zealand Electoral Roll, were interviewed by telephone about self reported physical, psychosocial, organizational, environmental factors and the consequences of LBS (i.e. self-reported reduced activities and absenteeism). The 12-month period prevalence of reduced activities and absenteeism were 18% and 9%, respectively. Lifting (OR 1.79 95% CI 1.16-2.77) increased the risk of reduced activities. Working in awkward/tiring positions (OR 2.11 95% CI 1.20-3.70) and in a cold/damp environment (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.11-4.28) increased the risk of absenteeism. Among those with LBS, reduced activities increased with working in a hot/warm environment (OR 2.14 95% CI 1.22-3.76) and absenteeism was increased with work in awkward/tiring positions (OR 2.06 95% CI 1.13-3.77), tight deadlines (OR 1.89 95% CI 1.02-3.50), and a hot/warm environment (OR 3.35 95% CI 1.68-6.68). Interventions to reduce the consequences of LBS should aim to reduce awkward/tiring positions, lifting and work in a cold/damp environment. For individuals with LBS, additional focus should be to reduce tight deadlines, and work in hot/warm environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiduri Widanarko
- Centre for Ergonomics, Occupational Safety and Health, School of Management, College of Business, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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82
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Assessment of cardiometabolic risk among shift workers in Hungary. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2012; 10:18. [PMID: 22296806 PMCID: PMC3295687 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Shift workers may be at risk of different diseases. In order to assess cardiometabolic risk in shift workers, a cross-sectional study was performed among active workers. METHODS A total of 481 workers (121 men, 360 women) were investigated; most of them were employees in light industry (58.2%) or in public services (23.9%). Past medical history was recorded and physical examination was performed. Questionnaires were used to characterize daily activity. Fasting venous blood sample was collected for measuring laboratory parameters. Data from shift workers (n = 234, age: 43.9 ± 8.1 years) were compared to those of daytime workers (n = 247, age: 42.8 ± 8.5 years), men and women were analyzed separately. RESULTS In men, systolic blood pressure was higher in shift workers compared to daytime workers (133 ± 8 vs 126 ± 17 mmHg; p < 0.05). In women, weight (73.6 ± 15.5 vs 67.7 ± 13.2 kg; p < 0.001), body mass index (27.5 ± 5.7 vs 25.0 ± 4.3 kg/m2; p<0.001) and the prevalence rate of hypertension in the past medical history (24.4 vs 13.4%; p < 0.01) were higher in shift workers compared to daytime workers. In addition, the proportion of current smokers was higher (37.7 vs 21.7%; p < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol level was lower (1.56 ± 0.32 vs 1.68 ± 0.36 mmol/l; p < 0.01) in female shift workers than in female daytime workers. Both in men and in women, rotating shift workers spent less time sleeping both on working days and on non-working days, spent less time with sport activity, drank more coffee and they spent less time working per day, especially in light physical work, compared to daytime workers. In addition, low and middle educational levels were most frequently found among rotating shift workers as opposed to the daytime workers where high educational level was more common. CONCLUSION Middle-aged active shift workers, especially women, have a less healthy lifestyle and are at higher cardiometabolic risk as compared to daytime workers. Our study highlights the importance of measures for identifying and preventing cardiometabolic risk factors in shift workers.
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83
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Norra C, Richter N, Juckel G. Sleep disturbances and suicidality: a common association to look for in clinical practise and preventive care. EPMA J 2011; 2:295-307. [PMID: 23199165 PMCID: PMC3405392 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-011-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Suicidality and suicide has been associated with many risk factors, while recent clinical and epidemiological studies increasingly point to a potential link between sleep loss or sleep disturbances and suicidality. This review on studies of sleep disturbances associated with suicidality, i.e., suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and completed suicide suggests a frequent association especially with insomnia and nightmares but also hypersomnia and sleep panic attacks. In suicidal insomniacs with comorbid psychiatric disorders, there is some evidence for an even independent predictive nature of sleep problems for suicidality. Considerations on the shared neurobiology, risk assessment and treatment options complement the overview. Thus, sleep disturbances may qualify as an individual treatable target of personalised medicine in the clinical routine as well as in suicide prevention programmes. A more detailed assessment of sleep problems and identification of specific risk domains in primary or secondary prevention of suicidality seem to be a future area of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Norra
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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84
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Bae SB, Woo JM. Suicide prevention strategies from medical perspective. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2011. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2011.54.4.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bin Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stress Research Institute, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
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85
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Abstract
We searched databases and used various online resources to identify and systematically review all articles on occupational psychiatric disorders among Korean workers published in English and Korean before 2009. Three kinds of occupational psychiatric disorders were studied: disorders related to job stress and mental illness, psychiatric symptoms emerging in victims of industrial injuries, and occupational psychiatric disorders compensated by Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI). Korea does not maintain official statistical records for occupational psychiatric disorders, but several studies have estimated the number of occupational psychiatric disorders using the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (COMWEL, formerly KLWC) database. The major compensated occupational psychiatric disorders in Korea were "personality and behavioral disorders due to brain disease, damage, and dysfunction", "other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical diseases", "reactions to severe stress and adjustment disorders", and "depressive episodes". The most common work-related psychiatric disorders, excluding accidents, were "neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders" followed by "mood disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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86
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Sukumaran S, Almon RR, DuBois DC, Jusko WJ. Circadian rhythms in gene expression: Relationship to physiology, disease, drug disposition and drug action. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:904-17. [PMID: 20542067 PMCID: PMC2922481 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms (24h cycles) are observed in virtually all aspects of mammalian function from expression of genes to complex physiological processes. The master clock is present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the anterior part of the hypothalamus and controls peripheral clocks present in other parts of the body. Components of this core clock mechanism regulate the circadian rhythms in genome-wide mRNA expression, which in turn regulate various biological processes. Disruption of circadian rhythms can be either the cause or the effect of various disorders including metabolic syndrome, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Furthermore, circadian rhythms in gene expression regulate both the action and disposition of various drugs and affect therapeutic efficacy and toxicity based on dosing time. Understanding the regulation of circadian rhythms in gene expression plays an important role in both optimizing the dosing time for existing drugs and in the development of new therapeutics targeting the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sukumaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260, United States
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87
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Cohidon C, Santin G, Geoffroy-Perez B, Imbernon E. Suicide et activité professionnelle en France. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2010; 58:139-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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88
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Guess J, Burch JB, Ogoussan K, Armstead CA, Zhang H, Wagner S, Hebert JR, Wood P, Youngstedt SD, Hofseth LJ, Singh UP, Xie D, Hrushesky WJM. Circadian disruption, Per3, and human cytokine secretion. Integr Cancer Ther 2009; 8:329-36. [PMID: 19926609 DOI: 10.1177/1534735409352029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has been linked with inflammation, an established cancer risk factor. Per3 clock gene polymorphisms have also been associated with circadian disruption and with increased cancer risk. Patients completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample prior to undergoing a colonoscopy (n = 70). Adjusted mean serum cytokine concentrations (IL-6, TNF-alpha, gamma-INF, IL-1ra, IL-1-beta, VEGF) were compared among patients with high and low scores for fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II), or sleep disruption (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), or among patients with different Per3 clock gene variants. Poor sleep was associated with elevated VEGF, and fatigue-related reduced activity was associated with elevated TNF-alpha concentrations. Participants with the 4/5 or 5/5 Per3 variable tandem repeat sequence had elevated IL-6 concentrations compared to those with the 4/4 genotype. Biological processes linking circadian disruption with cancer remain to be elucidated. Increased inflammatory cytokine secretion may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Guess
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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89
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Sánchez P, Torres JM, Olmo A, O'Valle F, Ortega E. Effects of environmental stress on mRNA and protein expression levels of steroid 5alpha-Reductase isozymes in adult rat brain. Horm Behav 2009; 56:348-53. [PMID: 19615370 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stress conditions are important factors in human health and should be considered in the development of appropriate health policies, since they have been associated with psychological disorders and even with death. A link between stress and changes in 3alpha,5alpha-reduced neurosteroids has been reported. Steroid 5alpha-Reductase (5alpha-R) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of 3alpha,5alpha-reduced neurosteroids. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, 5alpha-R isozymes (5alpha-R1 and 5alpha-R2) mRNA and protein levels were detected in prefrontal cortex of male and female rats after they underwent environmental stresses, i.e., excessive heat, artificial light, and the sensation of immobility in a small space, similar to those found in common workplace situations. Results showed significantly higher 5alpha-R2 mRNA and protein levels in environmentally-stressed versus control rats. Interestingly, a sexual dimorphism in 5alpha-R1 mRNA and protein levels was observed after environmental stress, with an increase in males and a decrease in females. This fact might explain gender differences in the incidence of some type of minor depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Spain
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90
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Blozik E, Laptinskaya D, Herrmann-Lingen C, Schaefer H, Kochen MM, Himmel W, Scherer M. Depression and anxiety as major determinants of neck pain: a cross-sectional study in general practice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009; 10:13. [PMID: 19171034 PMCID: PMC2636754 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although psychosocial factors are known to be highly linked with neck pain, current therapies focus on somatically based interventions such as medicinal or manipulatory therapies. This study examines how socio-demographic, psychosocial and medical history and health-promoting lifestyle factors interact with neck pain in general practice patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey including 448 patients from a general practice setting in Germany. Participants completed a comprehensive questionnaire including the Neck Pain and Disability Scale German version (NPAD-d) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Crude and adjusted regression analyses were done to assess the relationship between neck pain and socio-demographic, psychosocial and medical history and health-promoting lifestyle factors. Results Both in crude and adjusted regression analyses, depression and anxiety were highly significantly linked with increasing levels of neck pain. Educational level, deficits in social support and physical exercise were associated with neck pain in bivariate analyses, but these associations did not persist with adjustment for depression and anxiety. When investigating levels of depression and anxiety by NPAD-d quartile subgroups, those who were identified to have depressive mood or to be anxious were very likely to be in the group with the highest levels of neck pain. Conclusion The higher the neck pain level, the more attention should be paid to psychosocial distress as a related burden. Further research is needed to elucidate the causality and the direction of the association between psychosocial distress and neck pain and to determine the benefit of psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blozik
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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