51
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Chung MK, Asgar J, Lee J, Shim MS, Dumler C, Ro JY. The role of TRPM2 in hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine in rat trigeminal ganglia. Neuroscience 2015; 297:160-9. [PMID: 25849615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal ganglia (TG) contain neuronal cell bodies surrounded by satellite glial cells. Although peripheral injury is well known to induce changes in gene expression within sensory ganglia, detailed mechanisms whereby peripheral injury leads to gene expression within sensory ganglia are not completely understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important modulator of hyperalgesia, but the role of ROS generated within sensory ganglia is unclear. Since ROS are known to affect transcription processes, ROS generated within sensory ganglia could directly influence gene expression and induce cellular changes at the soma level. In this study, we hypothesized that peripheral inflammation leads to cytokine and chemokine production and ROS generation within TG and that transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM2), a well known oxidative sensor, contributes to ROS-induced gene regulation within TG. The masseter injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) resulted in a significantly elevated level of ROS within TG of the inflamed side with a concurrent increase in cytokine expression in TG. Treatment of TG cultures with H2O2 significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of cytokine/chemokine such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2). TRPM2 was expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal cells in TG, and pretreatment of TG cultures with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an inhibitor of TRPM2, or siRNA against TRPM2 attenuated H2O2-induced up-regulation of IL-6 and CXCL2. These results suggested that activation of TRPM2 could play an important role in the modulation of cytokine/chemokine expression within TG under oxidative stress and that such changes may contribute to amplification of nociceptive signals leading to pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K Chung
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - J Asgar
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - J Lee
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - M S Shim
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - C Dumler
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States
| | - J Y Ro
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, United States.
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Carbonic anhydrase-8 regulates inflammatory pain by inhibiting the ITPR1-cytosolic free calcium pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118273. [PMID: 25734498 PMCID: PMC4347988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium dysregulation is causally linked with various forms of neuropathology including seizure disorders, multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s, spinal cerebellar ataxia (SCA) and chronic pain. Carbonic anhydrase-8 (Car8) is an allosteric inhibitor of inositol trisphosphate receptor-1 (ITPR1), which regulates intracellular calcium release fundamental to critical cellular functions including neuronal excitability, neurite outgrowth, neurotransmitter release, mitochondrial energy production and cell fate. In this report we test the hypothesis that Car8 regulation of ITPR1 and cytoplasmic free calcium release is critical to nociception and pain behaviors. We show Car8 null mutant mice (MT) exhibit mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from MT also demonstrate increased steady-state ITPR1 phosphorylation (pITPR1) and cytoplasmic free calcium release. Overexpression of Car8 wildtype protein in MT nociceptors complements Car8 deficiency, down regulates pITPR1 and abolishes thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. We also show that Car8 nociceptor overexpression alleviates chronic inflammatory pain. Finally, inflammation results in downregulation of DRG Car8 that is associated with increased pITPR1 expression relative to ITPR1, suggesting a possible mechanism of acute hypersensitivity. Our findings indicate Car8 regulates the ITPR1-cytosolic free calcium pathway that is critical to nociception, inflammatory pain and possibly other neuropathological states. Car8 and ITPR1 represent new therapeutic targets for chronic pain.
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53
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Flatters SJ. The Contribution of Mitochondria to Sensory Processing and Pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:119-46. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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54
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Rharass T, Lemcke H, Lantow M, Kuznetsov SA, Weiss DG, Panáková D. Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species metabolism augments Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation to facilitate cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27937-51. [PMID: 25124032 PMCID: PMC4183826 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a number of cellular processes. However, potential sources of endogenous ROS have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we show that growth factor depletion in human neural progenitor cells induces ROS production in mitochondria. Elevated ROS levels augment activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that regulates neural differentiation. We find that growth factor depletion stimulates the release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum stores. Ca(2+) subsequently accumulates in the mitochondria and triggers ROS production. The inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake with simultaneous growth factor depletion prevents the rise in ROS metabolism. Moreover, low ROS levels block the dissociation of the Wnt effector Dishevelled from nucleoredoxin. Attenuation of the response amplitudes of pathway effectors delays the onset of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation and results in markedly impaired neuronal differentiation. Our findings reveal Ca(2+)-mediated ROS metabolic cues that fine-tune the efficiency of cell differentiation by modulating the extent of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareck Rharass
- From Electrochemical Signaling in Development and Disease, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13125 Berlin-Buch and Cell Biology and Biosystems Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences, and Live Cell Imaging Center, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Cell Biology and Biosystems Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences, and Live Cell Imaging Center, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Margareta Lantow
- Cell Biology and Biosystems Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Sergei A Kuznetsov
- Live Cell Imaging Center, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dieter G Weiss
- Cell Biology and Biosystems Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences, and Live Cell Imaging Center, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniela Panáková
- From Electrochemical Signaling in Development and Disease, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13125 Berlin-Buch and
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55
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Hagenston AM, Simonetti M. Neuronal calcium signaling in chronic pain. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:407-26. [PMID: 25012522 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute physiological pain, the unpleasant sensory response to a noxious stimulus, is essential for animals and humans to avoid potential injury. Pathological pain that persists after the original insult or injury has subsided, however, not only results in individual suffering but also imposes a significant cost on society. Improving treatments for long-lasting pathological pain requires a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying pain perception and the development of pain chronicity. In this review, we aim to highlight some of the major findings related to the involvement of neuronal calcium signaling in the processes that mediate chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hagenston
- University of Heidelberg, Neurobiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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56
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Isensee J, Diskar M, Waldherr S, Buschow R, Hasenauer J, Prinz A, Allgöwer F, Herberg FW, Hucho T. Pain modulators regulate the dynamics of PKA-RII phosphorylation in subgroups of sensory neurons. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:216-29. [PMID: 24190886 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.136580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the molecular structure of protein kinase A (PKA) isoforms is substantial. In contrast, the dynamics of PKA isoform activity in living primary cells has not been investigated in detail. Using a high content screening microscopy approach, we identified the RIIβ subunit of PKA-II to be predominantly expressed in a subgroup of sensory neurons. The RIIβ-positive subgroup included most neurons expressing nociceptive markers (TRPV1, NaV1.8, CGRP, IB4) and responded to pain-eliciting capsaicin with calcium influx. Isoform-specific PKA reporters showed in sensory-neuron-derived F11 cells that the inflammatory mediator PGE₂ specifically activated PKA-II but not PKA-I. Accordingly, pain-sensitizing inflammatory mediators and activators of PKA increased the phosphorylation of RII subunits (pRII) in subgroups of primary sensory neurons. Detailed analyses revealed basal pRII to be regulated by the phosphatase PP2A. Increase of pRII was followed by phosphorylation of CREB in a PKA-dependent manner. Thus, we propose RII phosphorylation to represent an isoform-specific readout for endogenous PKA-II activity in vivo, suggest RIIβ as a novel nociceptive subgroup marker, and extend the current model of PKA-II activation by introducing a PP2A-dependent basal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Isensee
- University Hospital Cologne, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, Robert Koch Str. 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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57
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Uptake and mitochondrial dysfunction of alpha-synuclein in human astrocytes, cortical neurons and fibroblasts. Transl Neurodegener 2013; 2:20. [PMID: 24093918 PMCID: PMC3853407 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-2-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in several tissue including the brain is a major pathological hallmark in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we show that α-syn can be taken up by primary human cortical neurons, astrocytes and skin-derived fibroblasts in vitro. Our findings that brain and peripheral cells exposed to α-syn can lead to impaired mitochondrial function, leading to cellular degeneration and cell death, provides additional evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism of toxicity of α-syn in human cells.
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58
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Ionotropic glutamate receptors and voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in long-term potentiation of spinal dorsal horn synapses and pain hypersensitivity. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:654257. [PMID: 24224102 PMCID: PMC3808892 DOI: 10.1155/2013/654257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last twenty years of research on cellular mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity, long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) has emerged as an important contributor to pain pathology. Mechanisms that underlie LTP of spinal DH neurons include changes in the numbers, activity, and properties of ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA and NMDA receptors) and of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of these channels in the induction and expression of spinal DH LTP, and we present this within the framework of the anatomical organization and synaptic circuitry of the spinal DH. Moreover, we compare synaptic plasticity in the spinal DH with classical LTP described for hippocampal synapses.
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59
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Lee CWS, Ho IK. Sex differences in opioid analgesia and addiction: interactions among opioid receptors and estrogen receptors. Mol Pain 2013; 9:45. [PMID: 24010861 PMCID: PMC3844594 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are widely used as the pain reliever and also notorious for being addictive drugs. Sex differences in the opioid analgesia and addiction have been reported and investigated in human subjects and animal models. Yet, the molecular mechanism underlying the differences between males and females is still unclear. Here, we reviewed the literature describing the sex differences in analgesic responses and addiction liabilities to clinically relevant opioids. The reported interactions among opioids, estrogens, opioid receptors, and estrogen receptors are also evaluated. We postulate that the sex differences partly originated from the crosstalk among the estrogen and opioid receptors when stimulated by the exogenous opioids, possibly through common secondary messengers and the downstream gene transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Wei-Sheng Lee
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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60
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Reactive oxygen species contribute to neuropathic pain and locomotor dysfunction via activation of CamKII in remote segments following spinal cord contusion injury in rats. Pain 2013; 154:1699-1708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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61
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Guo BL, Sui BD, Wang XY, Wei YY, Huang J, Chen J, Wu SX, Li YQ, Wang YY, Yang YL. Significant changes in mitochondrial distribution in different pain models of mice. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:292-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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62
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Induction of thermal hyperalgesia and synaptic long-term potentiation in the spinal cord lamina I by TNF-α and IL-1β is mediated by glial cells. J Neurosci 2013; 33:6540-51. [PMID: 23575851 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5087-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength in nociceptive pathways is a cellular model of hyperalgesia. The emerging literature suggests a role for cytokines released by spinal glial cells for both LTP and hyperalgesia. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In rat lumbar spinal cord slices, we now demonstrate that conditioning high-frequency stimulation of primary afferents activated spinal microglia within <30 min and spinal astrocytes within ~2 s. Activation of spinal glia was indispensible for LTP induction at C-fiber synapses with spinal lamina I neurons. The cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are both released by activated glial cells, were individually sufficient and necessary for LTP induction via redundant pathways. They differentially amplified 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-propanoic acid receptor-mediated and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-mediated synaptic currents in lamina I neurons. Unexpectedly, the synaptic effects by IL-1β and TNF-α were not mediated directly via activation of neuronal cytokine receptors, but rather, indirectly via IL-1 receptors and TNF receptors being expressed on glial cells in superficial spinal dorsal horn. Bath application of IL-1β or TNF-α led to the release profiles of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which overlapped only partially. Heat hyperalgesia induced by spinal application of either IL-1β or TNF-α in naive animals also required activation of spinal glial cells. These results reveal a novel, decisive role of spinal glial cells for the synaptic effects of IL-1β and TNF-α and for some forms of hyperalgesia.
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63
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Nishio N, Taniguchi W, Sugimura YK, Takiguchi N, Yamanaka M, Kiyoyuki Y, Yamada H, Miyazaki N, Yoshida M, Nakatsuka T. Reactive oxygen species enhance excitatory synaptic transmission in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons by activating TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels. Neuroscience 2013; 247:201-12. [PMID: 23707800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain (CNP) in the spinal cord, such as chronic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI), is an incurable ailment. However, little is known about the spinal cord mechanisms underlying CNP. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized to play an important role in CNP of the spinal cord. However, it is unclear how ROS affect synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. To clarify how ROS impact on synaptic transmission, we investigated the effects of ROS on synaptic transmission in rat spinal cord substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Administration of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), an ROS donor, into the spinal cord markedly increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in SG neurons. This t-BOOH-induced enhancement was not suppressed by the Na(+) channel blocker tetrodotoxin. However, in the presence of a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, t-BOOH did not generate any sEPSCs. Furthermore, in the presence of a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel antagonist (HC-030031) or a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist (capsazepine or AMG9810), the t-BOOH-induced increase in the frequency of sEPSCs was inhibited. These results indicate that ROS enhance the spontaneous release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals onto SG neurons through TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel activation. Excessive activation of these ion channels by ROS may induce central sensitization in the spinal cord and result in chronic pain such as that following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nishio
- Pain Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0482, Japan
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64
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Shutov LP, Kim MS, Houlihan PR, Medvedeva YV, Usachev YM. Mitochondria and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase control presynaptic Ca2+ clearance in capsaicin-sensitive rat sensory neurons. J Physiol 2013; 591:2443-62. [PMID: 23381900 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The central processes of primary nociceptors form synaptic connections with the second-order nociceptive neurons located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These synapses gate the flow of nociceptive information from the periphery to the CNS, and plasticity at these synapses contributes to centrally mediated hyperalgesia and allodynia. Although exocytosis and synaptic plasticity are controlled by Ca(2+) at the release sites, the mechanisms underlying presynaptic Ca(2+) signalling at the nociceptive synapses are not well characterized. We examined the presynaptic mechanisms regulating Ca(2+) clearance following electrical stimulation in capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors using a dorsal root ganglion (DRG)/spinal cord neuron co-culture system. Cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) recovery following electrical stimulation was well approximated by a monoexponential function with a ∼2 s. Inhibition of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase did not affect presynaptic [Ca(2+)]i recovery, and blocking plasmalemmal Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange produced only a small reduction in the rate of [Ca(2+)]i recovery (∼12%) that was independent of intracellular K(+). However, [Ca(2+)]i recovery in presynaptic boutons strongly depended on the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) and mitochondria that accounted for ∼47 and 40%, respectively, of presynaptic Ca(2+) clearance. Measurements using a mitochondria-targeted Ca(2+) indicator, mtPericam, demonstrated that presynaptic mitochondria accumulated Ca(2+) in response to electrical stimulation. Quantitative analysis revealed that the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is highly sensitive to presynaptic [Ca(2+)]i elevations, and occurs at [Ca(2+)]i levels as low as ∼200-300 nm. Using RT-PCR, we detected expression of several putative mitochondrial Ca(2+) transporters in DRG, such as MCU, Letm1 and NCLX. Collectively, this work identifies PMCA and mitochondria as the major regulators of presynaptic Ca(2+) signalling at the first sensory synapse, and underlines the high sensitivity of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter in neurons to cytosolic Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid P Shutov
- Y. M. Usachev: Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2-340F BSB, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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65
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Kim HY, Wang J, Gwak YS. Gracile Neurons Contribute to the Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain in Peripheral and Central Neuropathic Models. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:2587-92. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jigong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Young Seob Gwak
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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66
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Deliu E, Brailoiu GC, Arterburn JB, Oprea TI, Benamar K, Dun NJ, Brailoiu E. Mechanisms of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-mediated spinal nociception. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2012; 13:742-54. [PMID: 22858342 PMCID: PMC3412047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human and animal studies suggest that estrogens are involved in the processing of nociceptive sensory information and analgesic responses in the central nervous system. Rapid pronociceptive estrogenic effects have been reported, some of which likely involve G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) activation. Membrane depolarization and increases in cytosolic calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are markers of neuronal activation, underlying pain sensitization in the spinal cord. Using behavioral, electrophysiological, and fluorescent imaging studies, we evaluated GPER involvement in spinal nociceptive processing. Intrathecal challenging of mice with the GPER agonist G-1 results in pain-related behaviors. GPER antagonism with G15 reduces the G-1-induced response. Electrophysiological recordings from superficial dorsal horn neurons indicate neuronal membrane depolarization with G-1 application, which is G15 sensitive. In cultured spinal sensory neurons, G-1 increases intracellular calcium concentration and induces mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS accumulation. In the presence of G15, G-1 does not elicit the calcium and ROS responses, confirming specific GPER involvement in this process. Cytosolic calcium concentration elevates faster and with higher amplitude following G-1 intracellular microinjections compared to extracellular exposure, suggesting subcellular GPER functionality. Thus, GPER activation results in spinal nociception, and the downstream mechanisms involve cytosolic calcium increase, ROS accumulation, and neuronal membrane depolarization. PERSPECTIVE Our results suggest that GPER modulates pain processing in spinal sensory neurons via cytosolic calcium increase and ROS accumulation. These findings extend the current knowledge on GPER involvement in physiology and disease, providing the first evidence of its pronociceptive effects at central levels and characterizing some of the underlying mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Benzodioxoles/administration & dosage
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclopentanes/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Microinjections
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/physiology
- Nociception/drug effects
- Nociception/physiology
- Nociceptive Pain/drug therapy
- Nociceptive Pain/metabolism
- Nociceptive Pain/pathology
- Pain Measurement
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Quinolines/administration & dosage
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/cytology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Superoxides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Deliu
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - G. Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Jeffrey B. Arterburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Tudor I. Oprea
- Division of Biocomputing, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 208, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Nae J. Dun
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19140
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67
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Lee DZ, Chung JM, Chung K, Kang MG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate AMPA receptor phosphorylation and cell-surface localization in concert with pain-related behavior. Pain 2012; 153:1905-1915. [PMID: 22770842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of dorsal horn neurons (DHNs) in the spinal cord is dependent on pain-related synaptic plasticity and causes persistent pain. The DHN sensitization is mediated by a signal transduction pathway initiated by the activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDA-Rs). Recent studies have shown that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation-dependent trafficking of GluA2 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors (AMPA-Rs) are a part of the signaling pathway for DHN sensitization. However, the relationship between ROS and AMPA-R phosphorylation and trafficking is not known. Thus, this study investigated the effects of ROS scavengers on the phosphorylation and cell-surface localization of GluA1 and GluA2. Intrathecal NMDA- and intradermal capsaicin-induced hyperalgesic mice were used for this study since both pain models share the NMDA-R activation-dependent DHN sensitization in the spinal cord. Our behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that: 1) NMDA-R activation in vivo increased the phosphorylation of AMPA-Rs at GluA1 (S818, S831, and S845) and GluA2 (S880) subunits; 2) NMDA-R activation in vivo increased cell-surface localization of GluA1 but decreased that of GluA2; and 3) reduction of ROS levels by ROS scavengers PBN (N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone) or TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) reversed these changes in AMPA-Rs, as well as pain-related behavior. Given that AMPA-R trafficking to the cell surface and synapse is regulated by NMDA-R activation-dependent phosphorylation of GluA1 and GluA2, our study suggests that the ROS-dependent changes in the phosphorylation and cell-surface localization of AMPA-Rs are necessary for DHN sensitization and thus, pain-related behavior. We further suggest that ROS reduction will ameliorate these molecular changes and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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von Hehn CA, Baron R, Woolf CJ. Deconstructing the neuropathic pain phenotype to reveal neural mechanisms. Neuron 2012; 73:638-52. [PMID: 22365541 PMCID: PMC3319438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
After nerve injury maladaptive changes can occur in injured sensory neurons and along the entire nociceptive pathway within the CNS, which may lead to spontaneous pain or pain hypersensitivity. The resulting neuropathic pain syndromes present as a complex combination of negative and positive symptoms, which vary enormously from individual to individual. This variation depends on a diversity of underlying pathophysiological changes resulting from the convergence of etiological, genotypic, and environmental factors. The pain phenotype can serve therefore, as a window on underlying pathophysiological neural mechanisms and as a guide for developing personalized pain medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A von Hehn
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Cell signaling and mitochondrial dynamics: Implications for neuronal function and neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 51:13-26. [PMID: 22297163 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nascent evidence indicates that mitochondrial fission, fusion, and transport are subject to intricate regulatory mechanisms that intersect with both well-characterized and emerging signaling pathways. While it is well established that mutations in components of the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery can cause neurological disorders, relatively little is known about upstream regulators of mitochondrial dynamics and their role in neurodegeneration. Here, we review posttranslational regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion enzymes, with particular emphasis on dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), as well as outer mitochondrial signaling complexes involving protein kinases and phosphatases. We also review recent evidence that mitochondrial dynamics has profound consequences for neuronal development and synaptic transmission and discuss implications for clinical translation.
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