51
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Zhang C, Chen B, Wang Y, Guo A, Tang Y, Khataei T, Shi Y, Kutschke WJ, Zimmerman K, Weiss RM, Liu J, Benson CJ, Hong J, Ma J, Song LS. MG53 is dispensable for T-tubule maturation but critical for maintaining T-tubule integrity following cardiac stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:123-130. [PMID: 28822805 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac transverse (T)-tubule membrane system is the safeguard for cardiac function and undergoes dramatic remodeling in response to cardiac stress. However, the mechanism by which cardiomyocytes repair damaged T-tubule network remains unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that MG53, a muscle-specific membrane repair protein, antagonizes T-tubule damage to protect against maladaptive remodeling and thereby loss of excitation-contraction coupling and cardiac function. Using MG53-knockout (MG53-KO) mice, we first established that deficiency of MG53 had no impact on maturation of the T-tubule network in developing hearts. Additionally, MG53 ablation did not influence T-tubule integrity in unstressed adult hearts as late as 10months of age. Following left ventricular pressure overload-induced cardiac stress, MG53 protein levels were increased by approximately three-fold in wild-type mice, indicating that pathological stress induces a significant upregulation of MG53. MG53-deficient mice had worsened T-tubule disruption and pronounced dysregulation of Ca2+ handling properties, including decreased Ca2+ transient amplitude and prolonged time to peak and decay. Moreover, MG53 deficiency exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction and decreased survival following cardiac stress. Our data suggest MG53 is not required for T-tubule development and maintenance in normal physiology. However, MG53 is essential to preserve T-tubule integrity and thereby Ca2+ handling properties and cardiac function under pathological cardiac stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Biyi Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yihui Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ang Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yiqun Tang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tahsin Khataei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yun Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William J Kutschke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kathy Zimmerman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Christopher J Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jiang Hong
- Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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52
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Plasma membrane repair: the adaptable cell life-insurance. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 47:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lukyanenko V, Muriel JM, Bloch RJ. Coupling of excitation to Ca 2+ release is modulated by dysferlin. J Physiol 2017; 595:5191-5207. [PMID: 28568606 DOI: 10.1113/jp274515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Dysferlin, the protein missing in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy, concentrates in transverse tubules of skeletal muscle, where it stabilizes voltage-induced Ca2+ transients against loss after osmotic shock injury (OSI). Local expression of dysferlin in dysferlin-null myofibres increases transient amplitude to control levels and protects them from loss after OSI. Inhibitors of ryanodine receptors (RyR1) and L-type Ca2+ channels protect voltage-induced Ca2+ transients from loss; thus both proteins play a role in injury in dysferlin's absence. Effects of Ca2+ -free medium and S107, which inhibits SR Ca2+ leak, suggest the SR as the primary source of Ca2+ responsible for the loss of the Ca2+ transient upon injury. Ca2+ waves were induced by OSI and suppressed by exogenous dysferlin. We conclude that dysferlin prevents injury-induced SR Ca2+ leak. ABSTRACT Dysferlin concentrates in the transverse tubules of skeletal muscle and stabilizes Ca2+ transients when muscle fibres are subjected to osmotic shock injury (OSI). We show here that voltage-induced Ca2+ transients elicited in dysferlin-null A/J myofibres were smaller than control A/WySnJ fibres. Regional expression of Venus-dysferlin chimeras in A/J fibres restored the full amplitude of the Ca2+ transients and protected against OSI. We also show that drugs that target ryanodine receptors (RyR1: dantrolene, tetracaine, S107) and L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem) prevented the decrease in Ca2+ transients in A/J fibres following OSI. Diltiazem specifically increased transients by ∼20% in uninjured A/J fibres, restoring them to control values. The fact that both RyR1s and LTCCs were involved in OSI-induced damage suggests that damage is mediated by increased Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the RyR1. Congruent with this, injured A/J fibres produced Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ waves. S107 (a stabilizer of RyR1-FK506 binding protein coupling that reduces Ca2+ leak) or local expression of Venus-dysferlin prevented OSI-induced Ca2+ waves. Our data suggest that dysferlin modulates SR Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle, and that in its absence OSI causes increased RyR1-mediated Ca2+ leak from the SR into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Lukyanenko
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joaquin M Muriel
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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54
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Hughes DC, Marcotte GR, Marshall AG, West DWD, Baehr LM, Wallace MA, Saleh PM, Bodine SC, Baar K. Age-related Differences in Dystrophin: Impact on Force Transfer Proteins, Membrane Integrity, and Neuromuscular Junction Stability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:640-648. [PMID: 27382038 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle strength with age has been studied from the perspective of a decline in muscle mass and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stability. A third potential factor is force transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the force transfer apparatus within aging muscle and the impact on membrane integrity and NMJ stability. We measured an age-related loss of dystrophin protein that was greatest in the flexor muscles. The loss of dystrophin protein occurred despite a twofold increase in dystrophin mRNA. Importantly, this disparity could be explained by the four- to fivefold upregulation of the dystromir miR-31. To compensate for the loss of dystrophin protein, aged muscle contained increased α-sarcoglycan, syntrophin, sarcospan, laminin, β1-integrin, desmuslin, and the Z-line proteins α-actinin and desmin. In spite of the adaptive increase in other force transfer proteins, over the 48 hours following lengthening contractions, the old muscles showed more signs of impaired membrane integrity (fourfold increase in immunoglobulin G-positive fibers and 70% greater dysferlin mRNA) and NMJ instability (14- to 96-fold increases in Runx1, AchRδ, and myogenin mRNA). Overall, these data suggest that age-dependent alterations in dystrophin leave the muscle membrane and NMJ more susceptible to contraction-induced damage even before changes in muscle mass are obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | - Daniel W D West
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | | | | | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather
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55
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Piper AK, Ross SE, Redpath GM, Lemckert FA, Woolger N, Bournazos A, Greer PA, Sutton RB, Cooper ST. Enzymatic cleavage of myoferlin releases a dual C2-domain module linked to ERK signalling. Cell Signal 2017; 33:30-40. [PMID: 28192161 PMCID: PMC5995151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myoferlin and dysferlin are closely related members of the ferlin family of Ca2+-regulated vesicle fusion proteins. Dysferlin is proposed to play a role in Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion during membrane repair. Myoferlin regulates endocytosis, recycling of growth factor receptors and adhesion proteins, and is linked to the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Our previous studies establish that dysferlin is cleaved by calpains during membrane injury, with the cleavage motif encoded by alternately-spliced exon 40a. Herein we describe the cleavage of myoferlin, yielding a membrane-associated dual C2 domain 'mini-myoferlin'. Myoferlin bears two enzymatic cleavage sites: a canonical cleavage site encoded by exon 38 within the C2DE domain; and a second cleavage site in the linker adjacent to C2DE, encoded by alternately-spliced exon 38a, homologous to dysferlin exon 40a. Both myoferlin cleavage sites, when introduced into dysferlin, can functionally substitute for exon 40a to confer Ca2+-triggered calpain cleavage in response to membrane injury. However, enzymatic cleavage of myoferlin is complex, showing both constitutive or Ca2+-enhanced cleavage in different cell lines, that is not solely dependent on calpains-1 or -2. The functional impact of myoferlin cleavage was explored through signalling protein phospho-protein arrays revealing specific activation of ERK1/2 by ectopic expression of cleavable myoferlin, but not an uncleavable isoform. In summary, we molecularly define two enzymatic cleavage sites within myoferlin and demonstrate 'mini-myoferlin' can be detected in human breast cancer tumour samples and cell lines. These data further illustrate that enzymatic cleavage of ferlins is an evolutionarily preserved mechanism to release functionally specialized mini-modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Piper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel E Ross
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gregory M Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frances A Lemckert
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Natalie Woolger
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Roger B Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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56
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Ono Y, Saido TC, Sorimachi H. Calpain research for drug discovery: challenges and potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:854-876. [PMID: 27833121 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of proteases that were scientifically recognized earlier than proteasomes and caspases, but remain enigmatic. However, they are known to participate in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, performing 'limited proteolysis' whereby they do not destroy but rather modulate the functions of their substrates. Calpains are therefore referred to as 'modulator proteases'. Multidisciplinary research on calpains has begun to elucidate their involvement in pathophysiological mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting malfunctions of calpains have been developed, driven primarily by improvements in the specificity and bioavailability of calpain inhibitors. Here, we review the calpain superfamily and calpain-related disorders, and discuss emerging calpain-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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57
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Redpath GMI, Sophocleous RA, Turnbull L, Whitchurch CB, Cooper ST. Ferlins Show Tissue-Specific Expression and Segregate as Plasma Membrane/Late Endosomal or Trans-Golgi/Recycling Ferlins. Traffic 2016; 17:245-66. [PMID: 26707827 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferlins are a family of transmembrane-anchored vesicle fusion proteins uniquely characterized by 5-7 tandem cytoplasmic C2 domains, Ca(2+)-regulated phospholipid-binding domains that regulate vesicle fusion in the synaptotagmin family. In humans, dysferlin mutations cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) due to defective Ca(2+)-dependent, vesicle-mediated membrane repair and otoferlin mutations cause non-syndromic deafness due to defective Ca(2+)-triggered auditory neurotransmission. In this study, we describe the tissue-specific expression, subcellular localization and endocytic trafficking of the ferlin family. Studies of endosomal transit together with 3D-structured illumination microscopy reveals dysferlin and myoferlin are abundantly expressed at the PM and cycle to Rab7-positive late endosomes, supporting potential roles in the late-endosomal pathway. In contrast, Fer1L6 shows concentrated localization to a specific compartment of the trans-Golgi/recycling endosome, cycling rapidly between this compartment and the PM via Rab11 recycling endosomes. Otoferlin also shows trans-Golgi to PM cycling, with very low levels of PM otoferlin suggesting either brief PM residence, or rare incorporation of otoferlin molecules into the PM. Thus, type-I and type-II ferlins segregate as PM/late-endosomal or trans-Golgi/recycling ferlins, consistent with different ferlins mediating vesicle fusion events in specific subcellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M I Redpath
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lynne Turnbull
- Microbial Imaging Facility, The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Cynthia B Whitchurch
- Microbial Imaging Facility, The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kid's Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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58
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Blazek AD, Paleo BJ, Weisleder N. Plasma Membrane Repair: A Central Process for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:438-48. [PMID: 26525343 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is a conserved cellular response mediating active resealing of membrane disruptions to maintain homeostasis and prevent cell death and progression of multiple diseases. Cell membrane repair repurposes mechanisms from various cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis, to mend the broken membrane. Recent studies increased our understanding of membrane repair by establishing the molecular machinery contributing to membrane resealing. Here, we review some of the key proteins linked to cell membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa D Blazek
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian J Paleo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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59
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Middel V, Zhou L, Takamiya M, Beil T, Shahid M, Roostalu U, Grabher C, Rastegar S, Reischl M, Nienhaus GU, Strähle U. Dysferlin-mediated phosphatidylserine sorting engages macrophages in sarcolemma repair. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12875. [PMID: 27641898 PMCID: PMC5031802 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure to repair the sarcolemma leads to muscle cell death, depletion of stem cells and myopathy. Hence, membrane lesions are instantly sealed by a repair patch consisting of lipids and proteins. It has remained elusive how this patch is removed to restore cell membrane integrity. Here we examine sarcolemmal repair in live zebrafish embryos by real-time imaging. Macrophages remove the patch. Phosphatidylserine (PS), an 'eat-me' signal for macrophages, is rapidly sorted from adjacent sarcolemma to the repair patch in a Dysferlin (Dysf) dependent process in zebrafish and human cells. A previously unrecognized arginine-rich motif in Dysf is crucial for PS accumulation. It carries mutations in patients presenting with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B. This underscores the relevance of this sequence and uncovers a novel pathophysiological mechanism underlying this class of myopathies. Our data show that membrane repair is a multi-tiered process involving immediate, cell-intrinsic mechanisms as well as myofiber/macrophage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Middel
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Beil
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maryam Shahid
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clemens Grabher
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, 61801 Urbana, Illinois, US
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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60
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Fuller HR, Graham LC, Llavero Hurtado M, Wishart TM. Understanding the molecular consequences of inherited muscular dystrophies: advancements through proteomic experimentation. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:659-71. [PMID: 27329572 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteomic techniques offer insights into the molecular perturbations occurring in muscular-dystrophies (MD). Revisiting published datasets can highlight conserved downstream molecular alterations, which may be worth re-assessing to determine whether their experimental manipulation is capable of modulating disease severity. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the MD literature, highlighting conserved molecular insights warranting mechanistic investigation for therapeutic potential. We also describe a workflow currently proving effective for efficient identification of biomarkers & therapeutic targets in other neurodegenerative conditions, upon which future MD proteomic investigations could be modelled. Expert commentary: Studying disease models can be useful for identifying biomarkers and model specific degenerative cascades, but rarely offer translatable mechanistic insights into disease pathology. Conversely, direct analysis of human samples undergoing degeneration presents challenges derived from complex chronic degenerative molecular processes. This requires a carefully planed & reproducible experimental paradigm accounting for patient selection through to grouping by disease severity and ending with proteomic data filtering and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Fuller
- a Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease , RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital , Oswestry , UK
- b Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine , Keele University , Staffordshire , UK
| | - Laura C Graham
- c Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
- d Division of Neurobiology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Maica Llavero Hurtado
- c Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
- d Division of Neurobiology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- c Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
- d Division of Neurobiology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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61
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WANG XUEYAN, YANG YUN, ZHOU RONG. Screening two mutations in the dysferlin gene by exon capture and sequence analysis: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:41-44. [PMID: 27347015 PMCID: PMC4906935 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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62
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Cárdenas AM, González-Jamett AM, Cea LA, Bevilacqua JA, Caviedes P. Dysferlin function in skeletal muscle: Possible pathological mechanisms and therapeutical targets in dysferlinopathies. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:246-54. [PMID: 27349407 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene are linked to a group of muscular dystrophies known as dysferlinopathies. These myopathies are characterized by progressive atrophy. Studies in muscle tissue from dysferlinopathy patients or dysferlin-deficient mice point out its importance in membrane repair. However, expression of dysferlin homologous proteins that restore sarcolemma repair function in dysferlinopathy animal models fail to arrest muscle wasting, therefore suggesting that dysferlin plays other critical roles in muscle function. In the present review, we discuss dysferlin functions in the skeletal muscle, as well as pathological mechanisms related to dysferlin mutations. Particular focus is presented related the effect of dysferlin on cell membrane related function, which affect its repair, vesicle trafficking, as well as Ca(2+) homeostasis. Such mechanisms could provide accessible targets for pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Arlek M González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Cea
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Bevilacqua
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clinica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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63
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Demonbreun AR, Quattrocelli M, Barefield DY, Allen MV, Swanson KE, McNally EM. An actin-dependent annexin complex mediates plasma membrane repair in muscle. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:705-18. [PMID: 27298325 PMCID: PMC4915191 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201512022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the plasma membrane often accompanies cellular injury, and in muscle, plasma membrane resealing is essential for efficient recovery from injury. Muscle contraction, especially of lengthened muscle, disrupts the sarcolemma. To define the molecular machinery that directs repair, we applied laser wounding to live mammalian myofibers and assessed translocation of fluorescently tagged proteins using high-resolution microscopy. Within seconds of membrane disruption, annexins A1, A2, A5, and A6 formed a tight repair "cap." Actin was recruited to the site of damage, and annexin A6 cap formation was both actin dependent and Ca(2+) regulated. Repair proteins, including dysferlin, EHD1, EHD2, MG53, and BIN1, localized adjacent to the repair cap in a "shoulder" region enriched with phosphatidlyserine. Dye influx into muscle fibers lacking both dysferlin and the related protein myoferlin was substantially greater than control or individual null muscle fibers, underscoring the importance of shoulder-localized proteins. These data define the cap and shoulder as subdomains within the repair complex accumulating distinct and nonoverlapping components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Y Barefield
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Madison V Allen
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kaitlin E Swanson
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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64
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Davenport NR, Sonnemann KJ, Eliceiri KW, Bement WM. Membrane dynamics during cellular wound repair. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2272-85. [PMID: 27226483 PMCID: PMC4945144 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion of intracellular compartments with each other and the plasma membrane has been hypothesized to occur at sites of cellular injury but has never been directly visualized. High-speed microscopy reveals this process and shows that resealing is accompanied by intracellular patterning of proteins, ions, and membrane lipids. Cells rapidly reseal after damage, but how they do so is unknown. It has been hypothesized that resealing occurs due to formation of a patch derived from rapid fusion of intracellular compartments at the wound site. However, patching has never been directly visualized. Here we study membrane dynamics in wounded Xenopus laevis oocytes at high spatiotemporal resolution. Consistent with the patch hypothesis, we find that damage triggers rampant fusion of intracellular compartments, generating a barrier that limits influx of extracellular dextrans. Patch formation is accompanied by compound exocytosis, local accumulation and aggregation of vesicles, and rupture of compartments facing the external environment. Subcellular patterning is evident as annexin A1, dysferlin, diacylglycerol, active Rho, and active Cdc42 are recruited to compartments confined to different regions around the wound. We also find that a ring of elevated intracellular calcium overlaps the region where membrane dynamics are most evident and persists for several minutes. The results provide the first direct visualization of membrane patching during membrane repair, reveal novel features of the repair process, and show that a remarkable degree of spatial patterning accompanies damage-induced membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Davenport
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kevin J Sonnemann
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - William M Bement
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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65
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Castro-Gomes T, Corrotte M, Tam C, Andrews NW. Plasma Membrane Repair Is Regulated Extracellularly by Proteases Released from Lysosomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152583. [PMID: 27028538 PMCID: PMC4814109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rapidly repair wounds on their plasma membrane. Resealing is Ca2+-dependent, and involves exocytosis of lysosomes followed by massive endocytosis. Extracellular activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase was previously shown to promote endocytosis and wound removal. However, whether lysosomal proteases released during cell injury participate in resealing is unknown. Here we show that lysosomal proteases regulate plasma membrane repair. Extracellular proteolysis is detected shortly after cell wounding, and inhibition of this process blocks repair. Conversely, surface protein degradation facilitates plasma membrane resealing. The abundant lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin B and L, known to proteolytically remodel the extracellular matrix, are rapidly released upon cell injury and are required for efficient plasma membrane repair. In contrast, inhibition of aspartyl proteases or RNAi-mediated silencing of the lysosomal aspartyl protease cathepsin D enhances resealing, an effect associated with the accumulation of active acid sphingomyelinase on the cell surface. Thus, secreted lysosomal cysteine proteases may promote repair by facilitating membrane access of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase, which promotes wound removal and is subsequently downregulated extracellularly by a process involving cathepsin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
| | - Matthias Corrotte
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
| | - Christina Tam
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
| | - Norma W. Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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66
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Lemckert FA, Bournazos A, Eckert DM, Kenzler M, Hawkes JM, Butler TL, Ceely B, North KN, Winlaw DS, Egan JR, Cooper ST. Lack of MG53 in human heart precludes utility as a biomarker of myocardial injury or endogenous cardioprotective factor. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:178-87. [PMID: 26790476 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mitsugumin-53 (MG53/TRIM72) is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that rapidly accumulates at sites of membrane injury and plays an important role in membrane repair of skeletal and cardiac muscle. MG53 has been implicated in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and serum MG53 provides a biomarker of skeletal muscle injury in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We evaluated the clinical utility of MG53 as a biomarker of myocardial injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed Langendorff ischaemia-reperfusion injury on wild-type and dysferlin-null murine hearts, using dysferlin deficiency to effectively model more severe outcomes from cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury. MG53 released into the coronary effluent correlated strongly and significantly (r = 0.79-0.85, P < 0.0001) with functional impairment after ischaemic injury. We initiated a clinical trial in paediatric patients undergoing corrective heart surgery, the first study of MG53 release with myocardial injury in humans. Unexpectedly, we reveal although MG53 is robustly expressed in rat and mouse hearts, MG53 is scant to absent in human, ovine, or porcine hearts. Absence of MG53 in 11 human heart specimens was confirmed using three separate antibodies to MG53, each subject to epitope mapping and confirmed immunospecificity using MG53-deficient muscle cells. CONCLUSION MG53 is an effective biomarker of myocardial injury and dysfunction in murine hearts. However, MG53 is not expressed in human heart and therefore does not hold utility as a clinical biomarker of myocardial injury. Although cardioprotective roles for endogenous myocardial MG53 cannot be extrapolated from rodents to humans, potential therapeutic application of recombinant MG53 for myocardial membrane injury prevails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances A Lemckert
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Daniel M Eckert
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Manuel Kenzler
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hawkes
- Kid's Hearts Research, Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Tanya L Butler
- Kid's Hearts Research, Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Bradley Ceely
- Kid's Hearts Research, Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - David S Winlaw
- Kid's Hearts Research, Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Egan
- Kid's Hearts Research, Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
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67
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Cardiac voltage-gated calcium channel macromolecular complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1806-12. [PMID: 26707467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, a new field of research, called channelopathies, investigating diseases caused by ion channel dysfunction has emerged. Cardiac ion channels play an essential role in the generation of the cardiac action potential. Investigators have largely determined the physiological roles of different cardiac ion channels, but little is known about the molecular determinants of their regulation. The voltage-gated calcium channel Ca(v)1.2 shapes the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential and allows the influx of calcium leading to cardiomyocyte contraction. Studies suggest that the regulation of Ca(v)1.2 channels is not uniform in working cardiomyocytes. The notion of micro-domains containing Ca(v)1.2 channels and different calcium channel interacting proteins, called macro-molecular complex, has been proposed to explain these observations. The objective of this review is to summarize the currently known information on the Ca(v)1.2 macromolecular complexes in the cardiac cell and discuss their implication in cardiac function and disorder. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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68
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Calcium signaling in membrane repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:24-31. [PMID: 26519113 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resealing allows cells to mend damaged membranes rapidly when plasma membrane (PM) disruptions occur. Models of PM repair mechanisms include the "lipid-patch", "endocytic removal", and "macro-vesicle shedding" models, all of which postulate a dependence on local increases in intracellular Ca(2+) at injury sites. Multiple calcium sensors, including synaptotagmin (Syt) VII, dysferlin, and apoptosis-linked gene-2 (ALG-2), are involved in PM resealing, suggesting that Ca(2+) may regulate multiple steps of the repair process. Although earlier studies focused exclusively on external Ca(2+), recent studies suggest that Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores may also be important for PM resealing. Hence, depending on injury size and the type of injury, multiple sources of Ca(2+) may be recruited to trigger and orchestrate repair processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which the resealing process is promoted by vesicular Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) sensors that accumulate at damage sites.
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69
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Moe AM, Golding AE, Bement WM. Cell healing: Calcium, repair and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:18-23. [PMID: 26514621 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell repair is attracting increasing attention due to its conservation, its importance to health, and its utility as a model for cell signaling and cell polarization. However, some of the most fundamental questions concerning cell repair have yet to be answered. Here we consider three such questions: (1) How are wound holes stopped? (2) How is cell regeneration achieved after wounding? (3) How is calcium inrush linked to wound stoppage and cell regeneration?
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Moe
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adriana E Golding
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William M Bement
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA.
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70
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from bacterial toxins and parasites, and by mechanical and ischemic stress. The wounded cell can survive if a rapid repair response is mounted that restores boundary integrity. Calcium has been identified as the key trigger to activate an effective membrane repair response that utilizes exocytosis and endocytosis to repair a membrane tear, or remove a membrane pore. We here review what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of membrane repair, with particular emphasis on the relevance of repair as it relates to disease pathologies. Collective evidence reveals membrane repair employs primitive yet robust molecular machinery, such as vesicle fusion and contractile rings, processes evolutionarily honed for simplicity and success. Yet to be fully understood is whether core membrane repair machinery exists in all cells, or whether evolutionary adaptation has resulted in multiple compensatory repair pathways that specialize in different tissues and cells within our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paul L McNeil
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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71
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A fragmented form of annexin A1 is secreted from C2C12 myotubes by electric pulse-induced contraction. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:173-80. [PMID: 26458561 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The main function of annexin A1 (ANXA1), a member of the annexin superfamily, is to bind to cellular membranes in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. In skeletal muscle, ANXA1 is thought to be involved in the repair of damaged membrane tissue and in the migration of muscle cells. We hypothesized that ANXA1 is one of the myokines secreted during muscle contractions to accelerate the repair of cell damage after contraction. Here we performed cell contractions by electric pulse stimulation; the results revealed that a fragmented form of ANXA1 was cleaved by calpain and selectively secreted from skeletal muscle cells by contraction. We therefore realized that muscle-contraction-induced calpain-dependent ANXA1 fragmentation has a wound-healing effect on damaged cells. This suggested that not the intact form but rather fragmented ANXA1 is a contraction-induced myokine.
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72
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Plasma membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics during single-cell wound healing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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73
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Andrews NW, Corrotte M, Castro-Gomes T. Above the fray: Surface remodeling by secreted lysosomal enzymes leads to endocytosis-mediated plasma membrane repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:10-7. [PMID: 26433178 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of plasma membrane repair is coming of age. Mirroring human adolescence, the field shows at the same time signs of maturity and significant uncertainty, confusion and skepticism. Here we discuss concepts that emerged from experimental data over the years, some of which are solidly established while others are still subject to different interpretations. The firmly established concepts include the critical requirement for Ca(2+) in wound repair, and the role of rapid exocytosis of intracellular vesicles. Lysosomes are being increasingly recognized as the major vesicles involved in injury-induced exocytosis in many cell types, as a growing number of laboratories detect markers for these organelles on the cell surface and lysosomal hydrolases in the supernatant of wounded cells. The more recent observation of massive endocytosis following Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis initially came as a surprise, but this finding is also being increasingly reported by different groups, shifting the discussion to the mechanisms by which endocytosis promotes repair, and whether it operates or not in parallel with the shedding of membrane blebs. We discuss how the abundant intracellular vesicles that undergo homotypic fusion close to wound sites, previously interpreted as exocytic membrane patches, actually acquire extracellular tracers demonstrating their endocytic origin. We also suggest that an initial, temporary patch that prevents cytosol loss until the bilayer is restored might result not from vesicular fusion, but from rapid Ca(2+)-dependent crosslinking and aggregation of cytosolic proteins. Finally, we propose that cell surface remodeling, orchestrated by the extracellular release of lysosomal hydrolases and perhaps also cytosolic molecules, may represent a key aspect of the plasma membrane repair mechanism that has received little attention so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - M Corrotte
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - T Castro-Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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74
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Barthélémy F, Blouin C, Wein N, Mouly V, Courrier S, Dionnet E, Kergourlay V, Mathieu Y, Garcia L, Butler-Browne G, Lamaze C, Lévy N, Krahn M, Bartoli M. Exon 32 Skipping of Dysferlin Rescues Membrane Repair in Patients' Cells. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:281-290. [PMID: 27858744 PMCID: PMC5240545 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies are a family of disabling muscular dystrophies with LGMD2B and Miyoshi myopathy as the main phenotypes. They are associated with molecular defects in DYSF, which encodes dysferlin, a key player in sarcolemmal homeostasis. Previous investigations have suggested that exon skipping may be a promising therapy for a subset of patients with dysferlinopathies. Such an approach aims to rescue functional proteins when targeting modular proteins and specific tissues. We sought to evaluate the dysferlin functional recovery following exon 32 skipping in the cells of affected patients. Exon skipping efficacy was characterized at several levels by use of in vitro myotube formation assays and quantitative membrane repair and recovery tests. Data obtained from these assessments confirmed that dysferlin function is rescued by quasi-dysferlin expression in treated patient cells, supporting the case for a therapeutic antisense-based trial in a subset of dysferlin-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Barthélémy
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Blouin
- CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire Trafic, Signalisation et Ciblage Intracellulaires, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Wein
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- INSERM UMR_S 974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,Universit é Pierre et Marie Curie, UM76, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Courrier
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Eugénie Dionnet
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Kergourlay
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Mathieu
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France
| | - Luis Garcia
- INSERM UMR_S 974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,Universit é Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- INSERM UMR_S 974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,Universit é Pierre et Marie Curie, UM76, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire Trafic, Signalisation et Ciblage Intracellulaires, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Krahn
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Universit é, UMR S 910, Facult é de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.,GMGF, INSERM UMR_ S 910, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
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75
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Demonbreun AR, Biersmith BH, McNally EM. Membrane fusion in muscle development and repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:48-56. [PMID: 26537430 PMCID: PMC4679555 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mature skeletal muscle forms from the fusion of skeletal muscle precursor cells, myoblasts. Myoblasts fuse to other myoblasts to generate multinucleate myotubes during myogenesis, and myoblasts also fuse to other myotubes during muscle growth and repair. Proteins within myoblasts and myotubes regulate complex processes such as elongation, migration, cell adherence, cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane coalescence, and ultimately fusion. Recent studies have identified cell surface proteins, intracellular proteins, and extracellular signaling molecules required for the proper fusion of muscle. Many proteins that actively participate in myoblast fusion also coordinate membrane repair. Here we will review mammalian membrane fusion with specific attention to proteins that mediate myoblast fusion and muscle repair.
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76
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Zhu H, Hou J, Roe JL, Park KH, Tan T, Zheng Y, Li L, Zhang C, Liu J, Liu Z, Ma J, Walters TJ. Amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion-induced muscle injury by the recombinant human MG53 protein. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:852-8. [PMID: 25703692 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I-R) in skeletal muscle requires timely treatment. METHODS Rodent models of I-R injury were used to test the efficacy of recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) protein for protecting skeletal muscle. RESULTS In a mouse I-R injury model, we found that mg53,-/- mice are more susceptible to I-R injury. rhMG53 applied intravenously to the wild-type mice protected I-R injured muscle, as demonstrated by reduced CK release and Evans blue staining. Histochemical studies confirmed beneficial effects of rhMG53. Of interest, rhMG53 did not protect against I-R injury in rat skeletal muscle. This was likely due to the fact that the plasma level of endogenous MG53 protein is high in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that rhMG53 may be a potential therapy for protection against muscle trauma. A mouse model appears to be a better choice than a rat model for evaluating potential treatments for protecting skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jincai Hou
- The Laboratory Research Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China
| | - Janet L Roe
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Division of Protein Therapeutics, TRIM-edicine, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yongqiu Zheng
- The Laboratory Research Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- The Laboratory Research Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China
| | - Cuixiang Zhang
- The Laboratory Research Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- The Laboratory Research Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Protein Therapeutics, TRIM-edicine, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Walters
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA
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77
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Nishida K, Yamaguchi O, Otsu K. Degradation systems in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:212-22. [PMID: 25981331 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or the ejection of blood, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. The mechanisms underlying the development of heart failure are multiple, complex and not well understood. Cardiac mass and its homeostasis are maintained by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, and an imbalance is likely to result in cellular dysfunction and disease. The protein degradation systems are the principle mechanisms for maintaining cellular homeostasis via protein quality control. Three major protein degradation systems have been identified, namely the calpain system, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Proinflammatory mediators involve the development and progression of heart failure. DNA and RNA degradation systems play a critical role in regulating inflammation and maintaining cellular homeostasis mediated by damaged DNA clearance and posttranscriptional regulation, respectively. This review discusses some recent advances in understanding the role of these degradation systems in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nishida
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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78
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Abstract
Muscle cells have an elaborate plasma membrane and t-tubule system that has been evolutionarily refined to maximize electrical conductivity for synchronous muscle contraction. However, this elaborate plasma membrane network has intrinsic vulnerabilities to stretch-induced membrane injury, and thus requires ongoing maintenance and repair. Herein we discuss the types of membrane injuries encountered by myofibers in healthy muscle and in muscular dystrophy. We review the different mechanisms by which muscle fibers in patients with muscular dystrophy are rendered more susceptible to injury, and we summarize the latest developments in our understanding of how the muscular dystrophy protein dysferlin mediates satellite-cell independent membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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79
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Waugh TA, Horstick E, Hur J, Jackson SW, Davidson AE, Li X, Dowling JJ. Fluoxetine prevents dystrophic changes in a zebrafish model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4651-62. [PMID: 24760771 PMCID: PMC4119416 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common and relentlessly progressive muscle disease. Some interventions have been identified that modestly slow progression and prolong survival, but more meaningful therapies are lacking. The goal of this study is to identify new therapeutic pathways for DMD using a zebrafish model of the disease. To accomplish this, we performed a non-biased drug screen in sapje, a zebrafish line with a recessive nonsense mutation in dystrophin. We identified 6 positive hits (out of 640 total drugs tested) by their ability to prevent abnormal birefringence in sapje. Follow-up analyses demonstrated that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), provided the most substantial benefit. Morpholino-based experimentation confirmed that modulation of the serotonin pathway alone can prevent the dystrophic phenotype, and transcriptomic analysis revealed changes in calcium homeostasis as a potential mechanism. In all, we demonstrate that monoamine agonists can prevent disease in a vertebrate model of DMD. Given the safe and widespread use of SSRIs in clinical practice, our study identifies an attractive target pathway for therapy development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Birefringence
- Calcium/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Evans Blue/metabolism
- Fluoxetine/pharmacology
- Fluoxetine/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Morpholinos/pharmacology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Phenotype
- Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Stress, Mechanical
- Survival Analysis
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann E Davidson
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - James J Dowling
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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80
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Redpath GMI, Woolger N, Piper AK, Lemckert FA, Lek A, Greer PA, North KN, Cooper ST. Calpain cleavage within dysferlin exon 40a releases a synaptotagmin-like module for membrane repair. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3037-48. [PMID: 25143396 PMCID: PMC4230592 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscular dystrophy protein dysferlin plays a key role in the calcium-activated vesicle fusion of membrane repair. This study establishes calpains as upstream regulators of dysferlin in the membrane repair cascade and further demonstrates that similar C-terminal modules are enzymatically released from other ferlin family members. Dysferlin and calpain are important mediators of the emergency response to repair plasma membrane injury. Our previous research revealed that membrane injury induces cleavage of dysferlin to release a synaptotagmin-like C-terminal module we termed mini-dysferlinC72. Here we show that injury-activated cleavage of dysferlin is mediated by the ubiquitous calpains via a cleavage motif encoded by alternately spliced exon 40a. An exon 40a–specific antibody recognizing cleaved mini-dysferlinC72 intensely labels the circumference of injury sites, supporting a key role for dysferlinExon40a isoforms in membrane repair and consistent with our evidence suggesting that the calpain-cleaved C-terminal module is the form specifically recruited to injury sites. Calpain cleavage of dysferlin is a ubiquitous response to membrane injury in multiple cell lineages and occurs independently of the membrane repair protein MG53. Our study links calpain and dysferlin in the calcium-activated vesicle fusion of membrane repair, placing calpains as upstream mediators of a membrane repair cascade that elicits cleaved dysferlin as an effector. Of importance, we reveal that myoferlin and otoferlin are also cleaved enzymatically to release similar C-terminal modules, bearing two C2 domains and a transmembrane domain. Evolutionary preservation of this feature highlights its functional importance and suggests that this highly conserved C-terminal region of ferlins represents a functionally specialized vesicle fusion module.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M I Redpath
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Woolger
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A K Piper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - F A Lemckert
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Lek
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, and Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - S T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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81
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Corona BT, Garg K, Roe JL, Zhu H, Park KH, Ma J, Walters TJ. Effect of recombinant human MG53 protein on tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat muscle. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:919-21. [PMID: 24395153 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury (I-R) is a complex injury process that includes damage to the sarcolemmal membrane, contributing to necrosis and apoptosis. MG53, a muscle-specific TRIM family protein, has been shown to be essential for regulating membrane repair and has been shown to be protective against cardiac I-R and various forms of skeletal muscle injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) administration offered protection against I-R. METHODS rhMG53 was administered to rats immediately before tourniquet-induced ischemia and again immediately before reperfusion. Two days later muscle damage was assessed histologically. RESULTS rhMG53 offered no protective effect, as evidenced primarily by similar Evans blue dye inclusion in the muscles of rats administered rhMG53 or saline. CONCLUSIONS Administration of rhMG53 does not offer protection against I-R in rat skeletal muscle. Additional studies are required to determine if the lack of a response is species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Corona
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234
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Ankala A, Nallamilli BR, Rufibach LE, Hwang E, Hegde MR. Diagnostic overview of blood-based dysferlin protein assay for dysferlinopathies. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:333-9. [PMID: 24488599 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysferlin deficiency causes dysferlinopathies. Among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the dysferlin protein is expressed specifically in CD14(+) monocytes. METHODS We quantified dysferlin protein levels in PBMC lysates of 77 individuals suspected clinically of having a dysferlinopathy to screen for true positives. Subsequent molecular confirmation was done by Sanger sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization arrays to establish diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 44 individuals who had significantly reduced dysferlin levels (≤10%), 41 underwent molecular testing. We identified at least 1 mutation in 85% (35 of 41), and 2 mutations, establishing a dysferlinopathy diagnosis, in 61% (25 of 41) of these individuals. Among those with dysferlin protein levels of >10% (33 of 77), only 1 individual (of 14 who underwent molecular testing) had a detectable mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that dysferlin protein levels of ≤10% in PBMCs, are highly indicative of primary dysferlinopathies. However, this assay may not distinguish carriers from those with secondary dysferlin reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkanth Ankala
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
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83
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McDade JR, Archambeau A, Michele DE. Rapid actin-cytoskeleton-dependent recruitment of plasma membrane-derived dysferlin at wounds is critical for muscle membrane repair. FASEB J 2014; 28:3660-70. [PMID: 24784578 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in membrane repair may contribute to disease progression in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Dysferlin, a type-II transmembrane phospholipid-binding protein, is hypothesized to regulate fusion of repair vesicles with the sarcolemma to facilitate membrane repair, but the dysferlin-containing compartments involved in membrane repair and the mechanism by which these compartments contribute to resealing are unclear. A dysferlin-pHluorin [dysf-pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (pHGFP)] muscle-specific transgenic mouse was developed to examine the dynamic behavior and subcellular localization of dysferlin during membrane repair in adult skeletal muscle fibers. Live-cell confocal microscopy of uninjured adult dysf-pHGFP muscle fibers revealed that dysferlin is highly enriched in the sarcolemma and transverse tubules. Laser-wounding induced rapid recruitment of ∼30 μm of local dysferlin-containing sarcolemma, leading to formation of stable dysferlin accumulations surrounding lesions, endocytosis of dysferlin, and formation of large cytoplasmic vesicles from distal regions of the fiber. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton decreased recruitment of sarcolemma-derived dysferlin to lesions in dysf-pHGFP fibers without affecting endocytosis and impaired membrane resealing in wild-type fibers, similar to findings in dysferlin deficiency (a 2-fold increase in FM1-43 uptake). Our data support a new mechanism whereby recruitment of sarcolemma-derived dysferlin creates an active zone of high lipid-binding activity at wounds to interact with repair vesicles and facilitate membrane resealing in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R McDade
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | | | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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84
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Balasubramanian A, Kawahara G, Gupta VA, Rozkalne A, Beauvais A, Kunkel LM, Gussoni E. Fam65b is important for formation of the HDAC6-dysferlin protein complex during myogenic cell differentiation. FASEB J 2014; 28:2955-69. [PMID: 24687993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we identified family with sequence similarity 65, member B (Fam65b), as a protein transiently up-regulated during differentiation and fusion of human myogenic cells. Silencing of Fam65b expression results in severe reduction of myogenin expression and consequent lack of myoblast fusion. The molecular function of Fam65b and whether misregulation of its expression could be causative of muscle diseases are unknown. Protein pulldowns were used to identify Fam65b-interacting proteins in differentiating human muscle cells and regenerating muscle tissue. In vitro, human muscle cells were treated with histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and expression of Fam65b and interacting proteins was studied. Nontreated cells were used as controls. In vivo, expression of Fam65b was down-regulated in developing zebrafish to determine the effects on muscle development. Fam65b binds to HDAC6 and dysferlin, the protein mutated in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B. The tricomplex Fam65b-HDAC6-dysferlin is transient, and Fam65b expression is necessary for the complex to form. Treatment of myogenic cells with pan-HDAC or HDAC6-specific inhibitors alters Fam65b expression, while dysferlin expression does not change. Inhibition of Fam65b expression in developing zebrafish results in abnormal muscle, with low birefringence, tears at the myosepta, and increased embryo lethality. Fam65b is an essential component of the HDAC6-dysferlin complex. Down-regulation of Fam65b in developing muscle causes changes consistent with muscle disease.-Balasubramanian, A., Kawahara, G., Gupta, V. A., Rozkalne, A., Beauvais, A., Kunkel, L. M., Gussoni, E. Fam65b is important for formation of the HDAC6-dysferlin protein complex during myogenic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ariane Beauvais
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Program in Genomics, Division of Genetics and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Program in Genomics, Division of Genetics and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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85
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Kerr JP, Ward CW, Bloch RJ. Dysferlin at transverse tubules regulates Ca(2+) homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:89. [PMID: 24639655 PMCID: PMC3944681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The class of muscular dystrophies linked to the genetic ablation or mutation of dysferlin, including Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi Myopathy (MM), are late-onset degenerative diseases. In lieu of a genetic cure, treatments to prevent or slow the progression of dysferlinopathy are of the utmost importance. Recent advances in the study of dysferlinopathy have highlighted the necessity for the maintenance of calcium handling in altering or slowing the progression of muscular degeneration resulting from the loss of dysferlin. This review highlights new evidence for a role for dysferlin at the transverse (t-) tubule of striated muscle, where it is involved in maintaining t-tubule structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn P Kerr
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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86
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Wyatt EJ, Sweeney HL, McNally EM. Meeting Report: New Directions in the Biology and Disease of Skeletal Muscle 2014. J Neuromuscul Dis 2014; 1:197-206. [PMID: 26207203 PMCID: PMC4508866 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-149003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The New Directions in the Biology and Disease of Skeletal Muscle is a scientific meeting, held every other year, with the stated purpose of bringing together scientists, clinicians, industry representatives and patient advocacy groups to disseminate new discovery useful for treatment inherited forms of neuromuscular disease, primarily the muscular dystrophies. This meeting originated as a response the Muscular Dystrophy Care Act in order to provide a venue for the free exchange of information, with the emphasis on unpublished or newly published data. Highlights of this years' meeting included results from early phase clinical trials for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, progress in understanding the epigenetic defects in Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy and new mechanisms of muscle membrane repair. The following is a brief report of the highlights from the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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