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Draffin JE, Sánchez‐Castillo C, Fernández‐Rodrigo A, Sánchez‐Sáez X, Ávila J, Wagner FF, Esteban JA. GSK3α, not GSK3β, drives hippocampal NMDAR-dependent LTD via tau-mediated spine anchoring. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105513. [PMID: 33197065 PMCID: PMC7809792 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is an important signalling protein in the brain and modulates different forms of synaptic plasticity. Neuronal functions of GSK3 are typically attributed to one of its two isoforms, GSK3β, simply because of its prevalent expression in the brain. Consequently, the importance of isoform-specific functions of GSK3 in synaptic plasticity has not been fully explored. We now directly address this question for NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampus. Here, we specifically target the GSK3 isoforms with shRNA knock-down in mouse hippocampus and with novel isoform-selective drugs to dissect their roles in LTD. Using electrophysiological and live imaging approaches, we find that GSK3α, but not GSK3β, is required for LTD. The specific engagement of GSK3α occurs via its transient anchoring in dendritic spines during LTD induction. We find that the major GSK3 substrate, the microtubule-binding protein tau, is required for this spine anchoring of GSK3α and mediates GSK3α-induced LTD. These results link GSK3α and tau in a common mechanism for synaptic depression and rule out a major role for GSK3β in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Draffin
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Xavier Sánchez‐Sáez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Present address:
Department of Physiology, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Florence F Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - José A Esteban
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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52
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Cieślik M, Gassowska-Dobrowolska M, Zawadzka A, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Gewartowska M, Dominiak A, Czapski GA, Adamczyk A. The Synaptic Dysregulation in Adolescent Rats Exposed to Maternal Immune Activation. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:555290. [PMID: 33519375 PMCID: PMC7840660 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.555290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, but the pathomechanism is largely unknown. The aim of our study was to analyse the molecular mechanisms contributing to synaptic alterations in hippocampi of adolescent rats exposed prenatally to MIA. MIA was evoked in pregnant female rats by i.p. administration of lipopolysaccharide at gestation day 9.5. Hippocampi of offspring (52-53-days-old rats) were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qPCR and Western blotting. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of respiratory complexes, and changes in glutathione system were measured. It was found that MIA induced changes in hippocampi morphology, especially in the ultrastructure of synapses, including synaptic mitochondria, which were accompanied by impairment of mitochondrial electron transport chain and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. These phenomena were in agreement with increased generation of reactive oxygen species, which was evidenced by a decreased reduced/oxidised glutathione ratio and an increased level of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) oxidation. Activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β on Ser9 occurred, leading to its inhibition and, accordingly, to hypophosphorylation of microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT). Abnormal phosphorylation and dysfunction of MAPT, the manager of the neuronal cytoskeleton, harmonised with changes in synaptic proteins. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating widespread synaptic changes in hippocampi of adolescent offspring prenatally exposed to MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Zawadzka
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dominiak
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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53
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Stojakovic A, Chang SY, Nesbitt J, Pichurin NP, Ostroot MA, Aikawa T, Kanekiyo T, Trushina E. Partial Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex I Reduces Tau Pathology and Improves Energy Homeostasis and Synaptic Function in 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:335-353. [PMID: 33285637 PMCID: PMC7902954 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) protein is associated with synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously demonstrated that neuroprotection in familial mouse models of AD could be achieved by targeting mitochondria complex I (MCI) and activating the adaptive stress response. Efficacy of this strategy on pTau-related pathology remained unknown. Objective: To investigate the effect of specific MCI inhibitor tricyclic pyrone compound CP2 on levels of human pTau, memory function, long term potentiation (LTP), and energy homeostasis in 18-month-old 3xTg-AD mice and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: CP2 was administered to male and female 3xTg-AD mice from 3.5–18 months of age. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze. Glucose metabolism was measured in periphery using a glucose tolerance test and in the brain using fluorodeoxyglucose F18 positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET). LTP was evaluated using electrophysiology in the hippocampus. The expression of key proteins associated with neuroprotective mechanisms were assessed by western blotting. Results: Chronic CP2 treatment restored synaptic activity in female 3xTg-AD mice; cognitive function, levels of synaptic proteins, glucose metabolism, and energy homeostasis were improved in male and female 3xTg-AD mice. Significant reduction of human pTau in the brain was associated with increased activity of protein phosphatase of type 2A (PP2A), and reduced activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Conclusion: CP2 treatment protected against synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment in symptomatic 3xTg-AD mice, and reduced levels of human pTau, indicating that targeting mitochondria with small molecule specific MCI inhibitors represents a promising strategy for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jarred Nesbitt
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mark A Ostroot
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tomonori Aikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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54
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Silva MC, Haggarty SJ. Tauopathies: Deciphering Disease Mechanisms to Develop Effective Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238948. [PMID: 33255694 PMCID: PMC7728099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the pathological accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in the form of neurofibrillary tangles and paired helical filaments in neurons and glia, leading to brain cell death. These diseases include frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be sporadic or inherited when caused by mutations in the MAPT gene. Despite an incredibly high socio-economic burden worldwide, there are still no effective disease-modifying therapies, and few tau-focused experimental drugs have reached clinical trials. One major hindrance for therapeutic development is the knowledge gap in molecular mechanisms of tau-mediated neuronal toxicity and death. For the promise of precision medicine for brain disorders to be fulfilled, it is necessary to integrate known genetic causes of disease, i.e., MAPT mutations, with an understanding of the dysregulated molecular pathways that constitute potential therapeutic targets. Here, the growing understanding of known and proposed mechanisms of disease etiology will be reviewed, together with promising experimental tau-directed therapeutics, such as recently developed tau degraders. Current challenges faced by the fields of tau research and drug discovery will also be addressed.
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55
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Tournier BB, Barca C, Fall AB, Gloria Y, Meyer L, Ceyzériat K, Millet P. Spatial reference learning deficits in absence of dysfunctional working memory in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12712. [PMID: 33150709 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive disorders and alterations of behavioral traits such as anhedonia and anxiety. Contribution of nonphysiological forms of amyloid and tau peptides to the onset of neurological dysfunctions remains unclear because most preclinical models only present one of those pathological AD-related biomarkers. A more recently developed model, the TgF344-AD rat has the advantage of overexpressing amyloid and naturally developing tauopathy, thus making it close to human familial forms of AD. We showed the presence of a learning dysfunction in a reference memory test, without spatial working memory impairment but with an increase in anxiety levels and a decrease in motivation to participate in the test. In the sucrose preference test, TgF344-AD rats did not show signs of anhedonia but did not increase the volume of liquid consumed when the water was replaced by sucrose solution. These behavioral phenomena were observed at an age when tau accumulation are absent, and where amyloid deposits are predominant in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Within the hippocampus itself, amyloid accumulation is heterogenous between the subiculum, the dorsal hippocampus and the ventral hippocampus. Thus, our data demonstrated heterogeneity in the appearance of various behavioral and neurochemical markers in the TgF344-AD rat. This multivariate analysis will therefore make it possible to define the stage of the pathology, to measure its evolution and the effects of future therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Barca
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aïda B Fall
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yesica Gloria
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léa Meyer
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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56
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Kilinc D, Vreulx AC, Mendes T, Flaig A, Marques-Coelho D, Verschoore M, Demiautte F, Amouyel P, Eysert F, Dourlen P, Chapuis J, Costa MR, Malmanche N, Checler F, Lambert JC. Pyk2 overexpression in postsynaptic neurons blocks amyloid β 1-42-induced synaptotoxicity in microfluidic co-cultures. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa139. [PMID: 33718872 PMCID: PMC7941669 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies identified a number of genetic risk factors of Alzheimer's disease; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which they contribute to the pathological process. As synapse loss is observed at the earliest stage of Alzheimer's disease, deciphering the impact of Alzheimer's risk genes on synapse formation and maintenance is of great interest. In this article, we report a microfluidic co-culture device that physically isolates synapses from pre- and postsynaptic neurons and chronically exposes them to toxic amyloid β peptides secreted by model cell lines overexpressing wild-type or mutated (V717I) amyloid precursor protein. Co-culture with cells overexpressing mutated amyloid precursor protein exposed the synapses of primary hippocampal neurons to amyloid β1-42 molecules at nanomolar concentrations and induced a significant decrease in synaptic connectivity, as evidenced by distance-based assignment of postsynaptic puncta to presynaptic puncta. Treating the cells with antibodies that target different forms of amyloid β suggested that low molecular weight oligomers are the likely culprit. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that overexpression of protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta-an Alzheimer's disease genetic risk factor involved in synaptic plasticity and shown to decrease in Alzheimer's disease brains at gene expression and protein levels-selectively in postsynaptic neurons is protective against amyloid β1-42-induced synaptotoxicity. In summary, our lab-on-a-chip device provides a physiologically relevant model of Alzheimer's disease-related synaptotoxicity, optimal for assessing the impact of risk genes in pre- and postsynaptic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Anaïs-Camille Vreulx
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Amandine Flaig
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Diego Marques-Coelho
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Maxime Verschoore
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Florie Demiautte
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | | | - Fanny Eysert
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Pierre Dourlen
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- CNRS UMR7275 Laboratory of Excellence "Distalz", IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Valbonne 06560, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
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57
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Hill E, Wall MJ, Moffat KG, Karikari TK. Understanding the Pathophysiological Actions of Tau Oligomers: A Critical Review of Current Electrophysiological Approaches. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:155. [PMID: 32973448 PMCID: PMC7468384 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a predominantly neuronal protein that is normally bound to microtubules, where it acts to modulate neuronal and axonal stability. In humans, pathological forms of tau are implicated in a range of diseases that are collectively known as tauopathies. Kinases and phosphatases are responsible for maintaining the correct balance of tau phosphorylation to enable axons to be both stable and labile enough to function properly. In the early stages of tauopathies, this balance is interrupted leading to dissociation of tau from microtubules. This leaves microtubules prone to damage and phosphorylated tau prone to aggregation. Initially, phosphorylated tau forms oligomers, then fibrils, and ultimately neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It is widely accepted that the initial soluble oligomeric forms of tau are probably the most pathologically relevant species but there is relatively little quantitative information to explain exactly what their toxic effects are at the individual neuron level. Electrophysiology provides a valuable tool to help uncover the mechanisms of action of tau oligomers on synaptic transmission within single neurons. Understanding the concentration-, time-, and neuronal compartment-dependent actions of soluble tau oligomers on neuronal and synaptic properties are essential to understanding how best to counteract its effects and to develop effective treatment strategies. Here, we briefly discuss the standard approaches used to elucidate these actions, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the experimental procedures. Subsequently, we will describe a new approach that addresses specific challenges with the current methods, thus allowing real-time toxicity evaluation at the single-neuron level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hill
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G Moffat
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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58
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Guo T, Zhang D, Zeng Y, Huang TY, Xu H, Zhao Y. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:40. [PMID: 32677986 PMCID: PMC7364557 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder seen in age-dependent dementia. There is currently no effective treatment for AD, which may be attributed in part to lack of a clear underlying mechanism. Studies within the last few decades provide growing evidence for a central role of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, as well as glial contributions to various molecular and cellular pathways in AD pathogenesis. Herein, we review recent progress with respect to Aβ- and tau-associated mechanisms, and discuss glial dysfunction in AD with emphasis on neuronal and glial receptors that mediate Aβ-induced toxicity. We also discuss other critical factors that may affect AD pathogenesis, including genetics, aging, variables related to environment, lifestyle habits, and describe the potential role of apolipoprotein E (APOE), viral and bacterial infection, sleep, and microbiota. Although we have gained much towards understanding various aspects underlying this devastating neurodegenerative disorder, greater commitment towards research in molecular mechanism, diagnostics and treatment will be needed in future AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Denghong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuzhe Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Center of People's Liberation Army, The Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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59
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Voskobiynyk Y, Roth JR, Cochran JN, Rush T, Carullo NVN, Mesina JS, Waqas M, Vollmer RM, Day JJ, McMahon LL, Roberson ED. Alzheimer's disease risk gene BIN1 induces Tau-dependent network hyperexcitability. eLife 2020; 9:e57354. [PMID: 32657270 PMCID: PMC7392604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified the BIN1 locus as a leading modulator of genetic risk in Alzheimer's disease (AD). One limitation in understanding BIN1's contribution to AD is its unknown function in the brain. AD-associated BIN1 variants are generally noncoding and likely change expression. Here, we determined the effects of increasing expression of the major neuronal isoform of human BIN1 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Higher BIN1 induced network hyperexcitability on multielectrode arrays, increased frequency of synaptic transmission, and elevated calcium transients, indicating that increasing BIN1 drives greater neuronal activity. In exploring the mechanism of these effects on neuronal physiology, we found that BIN1 interacted with L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LVGCCs) and that BIN1-LVGCC interactions were modulated by Tau in rat hippocampal neurons and mouse brain. Finally, Tau reduction prevented BIN1-induced network hyperexcitability. These data shed light on BIN1's neuronal function and suggest that it may contribute to Tau-dependent hyperexcitability in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Jonathan R Roth
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - J Nicholas Cochran
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Travis Rush
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Nancy VN Carullo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Jacob S Mesina
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Mohammad Waqas
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Rachael M Vollmer
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
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60
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Kabir MT, Sufian MA, Uddin MS, Begum MM, Akhter S, Islam A, Mathew B, Islam MS, Amran MS, Md Ashraf G. NMDA Receptor Antagonists: Repositioning of Memantine as a Multitargeting Agent for Alzheimer's Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3506-3518. [PMID: 31604413 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191011102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. Currently, there is no drug that can reduce the pathological events of this degenerative disease but symptomatic relief is possible that can abate the disease condition. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors exert a critical role for synaptic plasticity as well as transmission. Overstimulation of glutamate receptors, predominantly NMDA type, may cause excitotoxic effects on neurons and is recommended as a mechanism for neurodegeneration. Atypical activation of the NMDA receptor has been suggested for AD by synaptic dysfunction. NMDA receptor antagonists especially memantine block the NMDA receptor and can reduce the influx of calcium (Ca2+) ions into neuron, thus, toxic intracellular events are not activated. This review represents the role of NMDA receptors antagonists as potential therapeutic agents to reduce AD. Moreover, this review highlights the repositioning of memantine as a potential novel therapeutic multitargeting agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shammi Akhter
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, United States
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | | | - Md Shah Amran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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61
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Sex Hormone Depletion Augments Glucocorticoid Induction of Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Male Rat Brain. Neuroscience 2020; 454:140-150. [PMID: 32512138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones secreted by the gonads (sex steroids) and adrenal glands (glucocorticoids, GC) are known to influence brain structure and function. While levels of sex steroids wane in late adulthood, corticosteroid levels tend to rise in many individuals due to age-related impairments in their feedback on central mechanisms regulating adrenal function. These fluctuations in sex and adrenal steroid secretion may be relevant to age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein is a key pathological event. We here report that both, long-term GC deprivation (by adrenalectomy) and exogenous GC administration with natural or synthetic glucocorticoid receptor ligands (corticosterone and dexamethasone, respectively) induce Tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus and frontocortical regions at epitopes associated with disruption of cytoskeletal and synaptic function. Interestingly, we observed that the changes in Tau induced by manipulation of the GC milieu of male rats were exacerbated by testosterone depletion (by orchiectomy). While this finding supports previous suggestions of a neuroprotective role of male sex hormones, this is the first study to address interactions between adrenal and sex steroids on Tau hyperphosphorylation and accumulation that are known to endanger neuronal function and plasticity. These results are particularly important for understanding the mechanisms that can precipitate AD because, besides being modulated by age, GC are elevated by stress, a phenomenon now established as a trigger of deficits in neural plasticity and survival, cognitive behaviour and AD-like Tau pathology.
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62
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Bruyère J, Abada YS, Vitet H, Fontaine G, Deloulme JC, Cès A, Denarier E, Pernet-Gallay K, Andrieux A, Humbert S, Potier MC, Delatour B, Saudou F. Presynaptic APP levels and synaptic homeostasis are regulated by Akt phosphorylation of huntingtin. eLife 2020; 9:56371. [PMID: 32452382 PMCID: PMC7269668 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulates synaptic homeostasis, but the evidence has not been consistent. In particular, signaling pathways controlling APP transport to the synapse in axons and dendrites remain to be identified. Having previously shown that Huntingtin (HTT), the scaffolding protein involved in Huntington’s disease, regulates neuritic transport of APP, we used a microfluidic corticocortical neuronal network-on-a-chip to examine APP transport and localization to the pre- and post-synaptic compartments. We found that HTT, upon phosphorylation by the Ser/Thr kinase Akt, regulates APP transport in axons but not dendrites. Expression of an unphosphorylatable HTT decreased axonal anterograde transport of APP, reduced presynaptic APP levels, and increased synaptic density. Ablating in vivo HTT phosphorylation in APPPS1 mice, which overexpress APP, reduced presynaptic APP levels, restored synapse number and improved learning and memory. The Akt-HTT pathway and axonal transport of APP thus regulate APP presynaptic levels and synapse homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bruyère
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Yah-Se Abada
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vitet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Deloulme
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélia Cès
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
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63
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Effect of Aβ Oligomers on Neuronal APP Triggers a Vicious Cycle Leading to the Propagation of Synaptic Plasticity Alterations to Healthy Neurons. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5161-5176. [PMID: 32444385 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2501-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of excitatory synaptic function are the strongest correlate to the pathologic disturbance of cognitive ability observed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This pathologic feature is driven by amyloid-β oligomers (Aβos) and propagates from neuron to neuron. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which Aβos affect the function of synapses and how these alterations propagate to surrounding healthy neurons. We used complementary techniques ranging from electrophysiological recordings and molecular biology to confocal microscopy in primary cortical cultures, and from acute hippocampal and cortical slices from male wild-type and amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-out (KO) mice to assess the effects of Aβos on glutamatergic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and dendritic spine structure. We showed that extracellular application of Aβos reduced glutamatergic synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation. These alterations were not observed in APP KO neurons, suggesting that APP expression is required. We demonstrated that Aβos/APP interaction increases the amyloidogenic processing of APP leading to intracellular accumulation of newly produced Aβos. Intracellular Aβos participate in synaptic dysfunctions as shown by pharmacological inhibition of APP processing or by intraneuronal infusion of an antibody raised against Aβos. Furthermore, we provide evidence that following APP processing, extracellular release of Aβos mediates the propagation of the synaptic pathology characterized by a decreased spine density of neighboring healthy neurons in an APP-dependent manner. Together, our data unveil a complementary role for Aβos in AD, while intracellular Aβos alter synaptic function, extracellular Aβos promote a vicious cycle that propagates synaptic pathology from diseased to healthy neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here we provide the proof that a vicious cycle between extracellular and intracellular pools of Aβ oligomers (Aβos) is required for the spreading of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We showed that extracellular Aβos propagate excitatory synaptic alterations by promoting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. Our results also suggest that subsequent to APP cleavage two pools of Aβos are produced. One pool accumulates inside the cytosol, inducing the loss of synaptic plasticity potential. The other pool is released into the extracellular space and contributes to the propagation of the pathology from diseased to healthy neurons. Pharmacological strategies targeting the proteolytic cleavage of APP disrupt the relationship between extracellular and intracellular Aβ, providing a therapeutic approach for the disease.
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64
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Teravskis PJ, Ashe KH, Liao D. The Accumulation of Tau in Postsynaptic Structures: A Common Feature in Multiple Neurodegenerative Diseases? Neuroscientist 2020; 26:503-520. [PMID: 32389059 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420916696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, research suggests that neurodegenerative diseases and dementias are caused not by unique, solitary cellular mechanisms, but by multiple contributory mechanisms manifesting as heterogeneous clinical presentations. However, diverse neurodegenerative diseases also share common pathological hallmarks and cellular mechanisms. One such mechanism involves the redistribution of the microtubule associated protein tau from the axon into the somatodendritic compartment of neurons, followed by the mislocalization of tau into dendritic spines, resulting in postsynaptic functional deficits. Here we review various signaling pathways that trigger the redistribution of tau to the cell body and dendritic tree, and its mislocalization to dendritic spines. The convergence of multiple pathways in different disease models onto this final common pathway suggests that it may be an attractive pathway to target for developing new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Teravskis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen H Ashe
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,N. Budd Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dezhi Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Reza-Zaldivar EE, Hernández-Sápiens MA, Minjarez B, Gómez-Pinedo U, Sánchez-González VJ, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Canales-Aguirre AA. Dendritic Spine and Synaptic Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on MicroRNA. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:255. [PMID: 32432108 PMCID: PMC7214692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites and dendritic spines are dynamic structures with pivotal roles in brain connectivity and have been recognized as the locus of long-term synaptic plasticity related to cognitive processes such as learning and memory. In neurodegenerative diseases, the spine dynamic morphology alteration, such as shape and spine density, affects functional characteristics leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Recent evidence implicates dendritic spine dysfunction as a critical feature in the pathogenesis of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. The alteration of spine morphology and their loss is correlated with the cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease patients even in the absence of neuronal loss, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Currently, the microRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of synaptic plasticity. The changes in neuronal microRNA expression that contribute to the modification of synaptic function through the modulation of dendritic spine morphology or by regulating the local protein translation to synaptic transmission are determinant for synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. Focusing on microRNA and its targets may provide insight into new therapeutic opportunities. In this review we summarize the experimental evidence of the role that the microRNA plays in dendritic spine remodeling and synaptic plasticity and its potential therapeutic approach in Alzheimer’s disease. Targeting synaptic deficits through the structural alteration of dendritic spines could form part of therapeutic strategies to improve synaptic plasticity and to ameliorate cognitive impairments in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benito Minjarez
- University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Preclinical Evaluation Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Arturo Canales-Aguirre
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Preclinical Evaluation Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico
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66
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Wu Z, Bai L, Tu R, Zhang L, Ba Y, Zhang H, Li X, Cheng X, Li W, Huang H. Disruption of synaptic expression pattern and age-related DNA oxidation in a neuronal model of lead-induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:103350. [PMID: 32058320 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is recognized as a potent inducer of synaptic toxicity generally associated with reduced synaptic transmission and increased neuronal fiber excitability, becoming an environmental risk for neurodegenerative processes. Despite numerous toxicological studies on Pb have been directed to the developing brain, attention concerning long-term consequences of pubertal chronic Pb exposure on neuronal activity is still lacking. Thus, we exposed 4-week-old male mice to 0.2 % lead acetate solution for one month, then, conducted behavioral tests or extracted brain homogenate from mice prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus at the age of 4, 13 and 16-month-old respectively. Our results showed that treated mice exhibited an evident increase in latency to reach platform following pubertal Pb exposure and aging. The increase of 8-OHdG revealed evident neural DNA oxidative damage across time upon pubertal Pb exposure. In the hippocampus of lead exposed mice at three age nodes, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) increased, while that of mature BDNF (mBDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) decreased compared with the control group. Furthermore, the expression of BACE1 protein and tau phosphorylation level in PFC and hippocampus increased, APP mRNAs in PFC and prolonged induction of BACE1 in hippocampus. Our results show that chronic Pb exposure from pubertal stage onward can either initiate divergent synaptic-related gene expression patterns in adulthood or trigger time-course of neurodegenerative profile within the PFC or hippocampus, which can contribute consistent deficits of cognition across subsequent age-nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuntao Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Runqi Tu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yue Ba
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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67
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Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau has been identified in several intraneuronal compartments, including in association with synapses. In Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and related tauopathies, highly phosphorylated tau accumulates as intraneuronal protein aggregates that are likely responsible for the demise of neurons and the subsequent progressive cognitive decline. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such tau-mediated damage in the tauopathies is not fully understood. Tauopathy induces loss of synapses, which is one of the earliest structural correlates of cognitive dysfunction and disease progression. Notably, altered post-translational modifications of tau, including increased phosphorylation and acetylation, augment the mislocalisation of tau to synapses, impair synaptic vesicle release and might influence the activity-dependent release of tau from neurons. Thus, disease-associated accumulation of modified tau at the synapse adversely affects critical neuronal processes that are linked to neuronal activity and synaptic function. These findings emphasise the importance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the diverse roles of tau at distinct intraneuronal locations. An improved knowledge of the impact of synaptic tau under physiological and pathological conditions and how tau localisation impacts on neuronal function will provide valuable insights that may lead to the development of new therapies for the tauopathies.
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68
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Regan P, Cho K. The Role of Tau in the Post-synapse. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1184:113-121. [PMID: 32096033 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that tauopathy is involved in various forms of neurodegenerative disease. However, there is a huge gap in terms of our understanding of the neurophysiological roles of tau, and how these can be aberrantly regulated by pathological processes. Tau is enriched in the axon but is also localized to synapses. The finding of synaptically localised tau has undoubtedly created more questions than it has answered. What is the physiological role of tau at the synapse? Whether and how does tau interact with and effect other synaptic proteins to mediate this function? Are these effects regulated by post-translational modifications of tau, such as phosphorylation? Such questions require significant attention from the scientific community if we are to resolve this critical aspect of tau biology. This chapter will describe our current understanding of synaptic tau and its functions and illuminate the numerous remaining challenges in this evolving research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Regan
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kwangwook Cho
- UK-Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.
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69
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Penke B, Szűcs M, Bogár F. Oligomerization and Conformational Change Turn Monomeric β-Amyloid and Tau Proteins Toxic: Their Role in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071659. [PMID: 32260279 PMCID: PMC7180792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural polymorphism and the physiological and pathophysiological roles of two important proteins, β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, that play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reviewed. Recent results demonstrate that monomeric Aβ has important physiological functions. Toxic oligomeric Aβ assemblies (AβOs) may play a decisive role in AD pathogenesis. The polymorph fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) form has a very ordered cross-β structure and is assumed to be non-toxic. Tau monomers also have several important physiological actions; however, their oligomerization leads to toxic oligomers (TauOs). Further polymerization results in probably non-toxic fibrillar structures, among others neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Their structure was determined by cryo-electron microscopy at atomic level. Both AβOs and TauOs may initiate neurodegenerative processes, and their interactions and crosstalk determine the pathophysiological changes in AD. TauOs (perhaps also AβO) have prionoid character, and they may be responsible for cell-to-cell spreading of the disease. Both extra- and intracellular AβOs and TauOs (and not the previously hypothesized amyloid plaques and NFTs) may represent the novel targets of AD drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mária Szűcs
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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70
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Müller-Thomsen L, Borgmann D, Morcinek K, Schröder S, Dengler B, Moser N, Neumaier F, Schneider T, Schröder H, Huggenberger S. Consequences of hyperphosphorylated tau on the morphology and excitability of hippocampal neurons in aged tau transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:109-123. [PMID: 32278495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau characterizes many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. A critical role for tau is supported by studies in transgenic mouse models expressing the P301L mutation with accumulation of hyperphosphorylated human tau in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of aged mice. Especially, the somatodendritic mislocalization of hyperphosphorylated tau seems to affect the neuronal network of the hippocampus. To show the consequences of aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau within hippocampal neurons of aged mice, the CA1 pyramidal cells were analyzed morphologically and electrophysiologically. Here we demonstrate in the P301L pR5 mouse model that hyperphosphorylated tau leads to an increase in stubby spines and filopodia, as well as a decrease in total dendritic length of hippocampal pyramidal neurons due to a decrease in apical dendritic length and nodes. This atrophy is in line with the significant reduction in CA1 long-term potentiation. Furthermore, mutant tau induced a depolarized threshold for action potential initiation and an increased current of inward rectifying potassium channels, which should lead, together with the long-term potentiation decrease, to a decreased excitability of CA1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diba Borgmann
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Morcinek
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophia Schröder
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dengler
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natasha Moser
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Huggenberger
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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71
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Cai N, Chen J, Bi D, Gu L, Yao L, Li X, Li H, Xu H, Hu Z, Liu Q, Xu X. Specific Degradation of Endogenous Tau Protein and Inhibition of Tau Fibrillation by Tanshinone IIA through the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2054-2062. [PMID: 31995984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease which is partly characterized by the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins forming neurofibrillary tangles that promote AD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza on Tau degradation in the treatment of AD. The results showed that Tan IIA reduced the Tau expression and attenuated Tau phosphorylation in N2a cells, Tau-overexpressing cells, and 3×Tg-AD mouse primary neuron cells. Moreover, Tan IIA increased polyubiquitinated Tau accumulation and induced proteasomal degradation of the Tau protein. Additionally, Tan IIA became bound to the Tau protein and inhibited the formation of heparin-induced Tau fibrils. In summary, Tan IIA can increase polyubiquitinated Tau accumulation and induce the proteasomal degradation of the Tau protein and the binding of Tan IIA to the Tau protein, inhibiting the formation of Tau fibrils. Tan IIA may be further explored as a potential candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , PR China
| | - Decheng Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Liang Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Lijun Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100000 , PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
| | - Xu Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , PR China
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72
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Glennon EB, Lau DHW, Gabriele RMC, Taylor MF, Troakes C, Opie-Martin S, Elliott C, Killick R, Hanger DP, Perez-Nievas BG, Noble W. Bridging Integrator-1 protein loss in Alzheimer's disease promotes synaptic tau accumulation and disrupts tau release. Brain Commun 2020; 2. [PMID: 32500121 PMCID: PMC7272218 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms associated with BIN1 (bridging integrator 1) confer the second greatest risk for developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The biological consequences of this genetic variation are not fully understood; however, BIN1 is a binding partner for tau. Tau is normally a highly soluble cytoplasmic protein, but in Alzheimer’s disease, tau is abnormally phosphorylated and accumulates at synapses to exert synaptotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alterations in BIN1 and tau in Alzheimer’s disease promote the damaging redistribution of tau to synapses, as a mechanism by which BIN1 polymorphisms may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. We show that BIN1 is lost from the cytoplasmic fraction of Alzheimer’s disease cortex, and this is accompanied by the progressive mislocalization of phosphorylated tau to synapses. We confirmed proline 216 in tau as critical for tau interaction with the BIN1-SH3 domain and showed that the phosphorylation of tau disrupts this binding, suggesting that tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease disrupts tau–BIN1 associations. Moreover, we show that BIN1 knockdown in rat primary neurons to mimic BIN1 loss in Alzheimer’s disease brain causes the damaging accumulation of phosphorylated tau at synapses and alterations in dendritic spine morphology. We also observed reduced release of tau from neurons upon BIN1 silencing, suggesting that BIN1 loss disrupts the function of extracellular tau. Together, these data indicate that polymorphisms associated with BIN1 that reduce BIN1 protein levels in the brain likely act synergistically with increased tau phosphorylation to increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by disrupting cytoplasmic tau–BIN1 interactions, promoting the damaging mis-sorting of phosphorylated tau to synapses to alter synapse structure and reducing the release of physiological forms of tau to disrupt tau function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Glennon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Dawn H-W Lau
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Rebecca M C Gabriele
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Matthew F Taylor
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK.,King's College London, MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, London, UK
| | - Sarah Opie-Martin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Christina Elliott
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Richard Killick
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Diane P Hanger
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Beatriz G Perez-Nievas
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX. UK
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73
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Feuillette S, Charbonnier C, Frebourg T, Campion D, Lecourtois M. A Connected Network of Interacting Proteins Is Involved in Human-Tau Toxicity in Drosophila. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:68. [PMID: 32116515 PMCID: PMC7026268 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of aggregates of abnormally phosphorylated Tau. Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead from the alteration of Tau biology to neuronal death depends on the identification of Tau cellular partners. Combining genetic and transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila, we identified 77 new modulators of human Tau-induced toxicity, bringing to 301 the number of Tau genetic interactors identified so far in flies. Network analysis showed that 229 of these genetic modulators constitute a connected network. The addition of 77 new genes strengthened the network structure, increased the intergenic connectivity and brought up key hubs with high connectivities, namely Src64B/FYN, Src42A/FRK, kuz/ADAM10, heph/PTBP1, scrib/SCRIB, and Cam/CALM3. Interestingly, we established for the first time a genetic link between Tau-induced toxicity and ADAM10, a recognized Alzheimer Disease protective factor. In addition, our data support the importance of the presynaptic compartment in mediating Tau toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Feuillette
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.,Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Lecourtois
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
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Sun Y, Ma C, Sun H, Wang H, Peng W, Zhou Z, Wang H, Pi C, Shi Y, He X. Metabolism: A Novel Shared Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4981814. [PMID: 32083135 PMCID: PMC7011481 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4981814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) is broadly characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Novel epidemiological studies demonstrate that some diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing dementia compared with healthy individuals. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and leads to major progressive deficits in memory and cognitive function. Multiple studies have identified an increased risk for AD in some diabetic populations, but it is still unclear which diabetic patients will develop dementia and which biological characteristics can predict cognitive decline. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between DM and AD, there are several plausible ways this may occur. Since AD has many characteristics in common with impaired insulin signaling pathways, AD can be regarded as a metabolic disease. We conclude from the published literature that the body's diabetic status under certain circumstances such as metabolic abnormalities can increase the incidence of AD by affecting glucose transport to the brain and reducing glucose metabolism. Furthermore, due to its plentiful lipid content and high energy requirement, the brain's metabolism places great demands on mitochondria. Thus, the brain may be more susceptible to oxidative damage than the rest of the body. Emerging evidence suggests that both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are related to amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Protein changes in the unfolded protein response or endoplasmic reticulum stress can regulate Aβ production and are closely associated with tau protein pathology. Altogether, metabolic disorders including glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein changes caused by DM are associated with an impaired insulin signal pathway. These metabolic factors could increase the prevalence of AD in diabetic patients via the promotion of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zibo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chenchen Pi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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75
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Montalbano M, McAllen S, Sengupta U, Puangmalai N, Bhatt N, Ellsworth A, Kayed R. Tau oligomers mediate aggregation of RNA-binding proteins Musashi1 and Musashi2 inducing Lamin alteration. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13035. [PMID: 31532069 PMCID: PMC6826126 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies are not yet entirely understood. However, it is known that several RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) form toxic aggregates and also interact with tau in such granules in tauopathies, including AD. The Musashi (MSI) family of RBPs, consisting of two homologues: Musashi1 and Musashi2, have not been extensively investigated in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, using a tau inducible HEK (iHEK) model we investigate whether MSI proteins contribute to the aggregation of toxic tau oligomers (TauO). Wild-type and mutant P301L tau iHEK cells are used to study the effect of different tau variants on the cellular localization of MSI proteins. Interestingly, we observe that tau co-localizes with MSI in the cytoplasm and nuclei, altering the nuclear transport of MSI. Furthermore, incremental changes in the size and density of nuclear MSI/tau foci are observed. We also report here that TauO interact with MSI to cause the formation of distinct nuclear aggregates. Moreover, tau/MSI aggregates induce structural changes to LaminB1, leading to nuclear instability. These results illustrate a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration mediated by the aggregation of MSI proteins and TauO, suggesting that MSI plays a critical role in cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Montalbano
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Salome McAllen
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Anna Ellsworth
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
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76
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Saranza GM, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Lang AE. Corticobasal degeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:87-136. [PMID: 31779825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the predominance of pathological 4 repeat tau deposition in various cell types and anatomical regions. Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is one of the clinical phenotypes associated with CBD pathology, manifesting as a progressive asymmetric akinetic-rigid, poorly levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, with cerebral cortical dysfunction. CBD can manifest as several clinical phenotypes, and similarly, CBS can also have a pathologic diagnosis other than CBD. This chapter discusses the clinical manifestations of pathologically confirmed CBD cases, the current diagnostic criteria, as well as the pathologic and neuroimaging findings of CBD/CBS. At present, therapeutic options for CBD remain symptomatic. Further research is needed to improve the clinical diagnosis of CBD, as well as studies on disease-modifying therapies for this relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Saranza
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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77
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Rush T, Roth JR, Thompson SJ, Aldaher AR, Cochran JN, Roberson ED. A peptide inhibitor of Tau-SH3 interactions ameliorates amyloid-β toxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104668. [PMID: 31698056 PMCID: PMC7877553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein Tau is strongly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aggregates into neurofibrillary tangles in AD. Genetic reduction of Tau is protective in several animal models of AD and cell culture models of amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity, making it an exciting therapeutic target for treating AD. A variety of evidence indicates that Tau’s interactions with Fyn kinase and other SH3 domain–containing proteins, which bind to PxxP motifs in Tau’s proline-rich domain, may contribute to AD deficits and Aβ toxicity. Thus, we sought to determine if inhibiting Tau-SH3 interactions ameliorates Aβ toxicity. We developed a peptide inhibitor of Tau-SH3 interactions and a proximity ligation assay (PLA)-based target engagement assay. Then, we used membrane trafficking and neurite degeneration assays to determine if inhibiting Tau-SH3 interactions ameliorated Aβ oligomer (Aβo)-induced toxicity in primary hippocampal neurons from rats. We verified that Tau reduction ameliorated Aβo toxicity in neurons. Using PLA, we identified a peptide inhibitor that reduced Tau-SH3 interactions in HEK-293 cells and primary neurons. This peptide reduced Tau phosphorylation by Fyn without affecting Fyn’s kinase activity state. In primary neurons, endogenous Tau-Fyn interaction was present primarily in neurites and was reduced by the peptide inhibitor, from which we inferred target engagement. Reducing Tau-SH3 interactions in neurons ameliorated Aβo toxicity by multiple outcome measures, namely Aβo-induced membrane trafficking abnormalities and neurite degeneration. Our results indicate that Tau-SH3 interactions are critical for Aβo toxicity and that inhibiting them is a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Rush
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jonathan R Roth
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Samantha J Thompson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adam R Aldaher
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Nicholas Cochran
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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78
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Metabolic effects induced by chronic stress in the amygdala of diabetic rats: A study based on ex vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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79
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Amadoro G, Latina V, Corsetti V, Calissano P. N-terminal tau truncation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD): Developing a novel diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165584. [PMID: 31676377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tau truncation occurs at early stages during the development of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathy dementias. Tau cleavage, particularly in its N-terminal projection domain, is able to drive per se neurodegeneration, regardless of its pro-aggregative pathway(s) and in fragment(s)-dependent way. In this short review, we highlight the pathological relevance of the 20-22 kDa NH2-truncated tau fragment which is endowed with potent neurotoxic "gain-of-function" action(s), both in vitro and in vivo. An extensive comment on its clinical value as novel progression/diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in the context of tau-mediated neurodegeneration is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - V Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - V Corsetti
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - P Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
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80
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Mroczko B, Groblewska M, Litman-Zawadzka A. The Role of Protein Misfolding and Tau Oligomers (TauOs) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4661. [PMID: 31547024 PMCID: PMC6802364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the causative role of the accumulation of amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ42) deposits in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been under debate for many years, it is supposed that the toxicity soluble oligomers of Tau protein (TauOs) might be also the pathogenic factor acting on the initial stages of this disease. Therefore, we performed a thorough search for literature pertaining to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. It was shown that soluble TauOs, especially granular forms, may be the most toxic form of this protein. Hyperphosphorylated TauOs can reduce the number of synapses by missorting into axonal compartments of neurons other than axon. Furthermore, soluble TauOs may be also responsible for seeding Tau pathology within AD brains, with probable link to AβOs toxicity. Additionally, the concentrations of TauOs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of AD patients were higher than in non-demented controls, and revealed a negative correlation with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. It was postulated that adding the measurements of TauOs to the panel of CSF biomarkers could improve the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Ala Litman-Zawadzka
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
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81
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Knockout of p75 neurotrophin receptor attenuates the hyperphosphorylation of Tau in pR5 mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6762-6791. [PMID: 31479419 PMCID: PMC6756909 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether p75NTR is involved in Tau hyperphosphorylation, one of the pathologies observed in AD, remains unclear. In our previous study, the extracellular domain of p75NTR blocked amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and attenuated Aβ-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation. Here we show that, in the absence of Aβ, p75NTR regulates Tau phosphorylation in the transgenic mice with the P301L human Tau mutation (pR5). The knockout of p75NTR in pR5 mice attenuated the phosphorylation of human Tau. In addition, the elevated activity of kinases responsible for Tau phosphorylation including glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; cyclin-dependent-kinase 5; and Rho-associated protein kinase was also inhibited when p75NTR is knocked out in pR5 mice at 9 months of age. The increased caspase-3 activity observed in pR5 mice was also abolished in the absence of p75NTR. Our study also showed that p75NTR is required for Aβ- and pro-brain derived neurotrophin factor (proBDNF)-induced Tau phosphorylation, in vitro. Overall, our data indicate that p75NTR is required for Tau phosphorylation, a key event in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, another hallmark of AD. Thus, targeting p75NTR could reduce or prevent the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of Tau.
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82
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Dourlen P, Kilinc D, Malmanche N, Chapuis J, Lambert JC. The new genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease: from amyloid cascade to genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis? Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:221-236. [PMID: 30982098 PMCID: PMC6660578 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A strong genetic predisposition (60–80% of attributable risk) is present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In view of this major genetic component, identification of the genetic risk factors has been a major objective in the AD field with the ultimate aim to better understand the pathological processes. In this review, we present how the genetic risk factors are involved in APP metabolism, β-amyloid peptide production, degradation, aggregation and toxicity, innate immunity, and Tau toxicity. In addition, on the basis of the new genetic landscape, resulting from the recent high-throughput genomic approaches and emerging neurobiological information, we propose an over-arching model in which the focal adhesion pathway and the related cell signalling are key elements in AD pathogenesis. The core of the focal adhesion pathway links the physiological functions of amyloid precursor protein and Tau with the pathophysiological processes they are involved in. This model includes several entry points, fitting with the different origins for the disease, and supports the notion that dysregulation of synaptic plasticity is a central node in AD. Notably, our interpretation of the latest data from genome wide association studies complements other hypotheses already developed in the AD field, i.e., amyloid cascade, cellular phase or propagation hypotheses. Genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis will need to be further tested experimentally within the general AD framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France.
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83
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Ittner A, Ittner LM. Dendritic Tau in Alzheimer's Disease. Neuron 2019; 99:13-27. [PMID: 30001506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) are key players in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ and tau are linked in a molecular pathway at the post-synapse with tau-dependent synaptic dysfunction being a major pathomechanism in AD. Recent work on site-specific modification of dendritic and more specifically post-synaptic tau has revealed new endogenous functions of tau that limits synaptic Aβ toxicity. Thus, molecular studies opened a new perspective on tau, placing it at the center of neurotoxic and neuroprotective signaling at the post-synapse. Here, we review recent advances on tau in the dendritic compartments, with implications for understanding and treatment of AD and related neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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84
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Bullmann T, Feneberg E, Kretzschmann TP, Ogunlade V, Holzer M, Arendt T. Hibernation Impairs Odor Discrimination - Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:69. [PMID: 31379517 PMCID: PMC6646461 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible formation of PHF-like phosphorylated tau, an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was previously shown to occur in torpor during hibernation in the Golden hamster (Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus). Here, we tackled the question to what extent hibernating Golden hamsters can serve as a model for the early stage of AD. During early AD, anosmia, the loss of olfactory function, is a common and typical feature. We, thus, investigated tau phosphorylation, synaptic plasticity and behavioral physiology of the olfactory system during hibernation. Tau was phosphorylated on several AD-relevant epitopes, and distribution of PHF-like phosphorylated tau in the olfactory bulb was quite similar to what is seen in AD. Tau phosphorylation was not associated with a destabilization of microtubules and did not lead to fibril formation. Previously, we observed a transient spine reduction in pyramidal cells in the hippocampus, which is correlated with the distribution of phosphorylated tau. Here we show that granule cells in the olfactory bulb are devoid of phosphorylated tau and maintain their spines number during torpor. No reduction of synaptic proteins was observed. However, hibernation did impair the recall performance in a two-odor discrimination task. We conclude that hibernation is associated with a specific olfactory memory deficit, which might not be attributed to the formation of PHF-like phosphorylated tau within the olfactory bulb. We discuss a possible involvement of modulatory input provided by cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, which are affected by hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bullmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emily Feneberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Petra Kretzschmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vera Ogunlade
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Holzer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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85
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Naseri NN, Wang H, Guo J, Sharma M, Luo W. The complexity of tau in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 705:183-194. [PMID: 31028844 PMCID: PMC7060758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by two major pathological lesions in the brain, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed mainly of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively. Although accumulation of toxic Aβ species in the brain has been proposed as one of the important early events in AD, continued lack of success of clinical trials based on Aβ-targeting drugs has triggered the field to seek out alternative disease mechanisms and related therapeutic strategies. One of the new approaches is to uncover novel roles of pathological tau during disease progression. This review will primarily focus on recent advances in understanding the contributions of tau to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima N Naseri
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jennifer Guo
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Manu Sharma
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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86
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Frere S, Slutsky I. Alzheimer's Disease: From Firing Instability to Homeostasis Network Collapse. Neuron 2019; 97:32-58. [PMID: 29301104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) starts from pure cognitive impairments and gradually progresses into degeneration of specific brain circuits. Although numerous factors initiating AD have been extensively studied, the common principles underlying the transition from cognitive deficits to neuronal loss remain unknown. Here we describe an evolutionarily conserved, integrated homeostatic network (IHN) that enables functional stability of central neural circuits and safeguards from neurodegeneration. We identify the critical modules comprising the IHN and propose a central role of neural firing in controlling the complex homeostatic network at different spatial scales. We hypothesize that firing instability and impaired synaptic plasticity at early AD stages trigger a vicious cycle, leading to dysregulation of the whole IHN. According to this hypothesis, the IHN collapse represents the major driving force of the transition from early memory impairments to neurodegeneration. Understanding the core elements of homeostatic control machinery, the reciprocal connections between distinct IHN modules, and the role of firing homeostasis in this hierarchy has important implications for physiology and should offer novel conceptual approaches for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Frere
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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87
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Ectopic Expression Induces Abnormal Somatodendritic Distribution of Tau in the Mouse Brain. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6781-6797. [PMID: 31235644 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2845-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein that is localized to the axon. In Alzheimer's disease, the distribution of tau undergoes a remarkable alteration, leading to the formation of tau inclusions in the somatodendritic compartment. To investigate how this mislocalization occurs, we recently developed immunohistochemical tools that can separately detect endogenous mouse and exogenous human tau with high sensitivity, which allows us to visualize not only the pathological but also the pre-aggregated tau in mouse brain tissues of both sexes. Using these antibodies, we found that in tau-transgenic mouse brains, exogenous human tau was abundant in dendrites and somata even in the presymptomatic period, whereas the axonal localization of endogenous mouse tau was unaffected. In stark contrast, exogenous tau was properly localized to the axon in human tau knock-in mice. We tracked this difference to the temporal expression patterns of tau. Endogenous mouse tau and exogenous human tau in human tau knock-in mice exhibited high expression levels during the neonatal period and strong suppression into the adulthood. However, human tau in transgenic mice was expressed continuously and at high levels in adult animals. These results indicated the uncontrolled expression of exogenous tau beyond the developmental period as a cause of mislocalization in the transgenic mice. Superresolution microscopic and biochemical analyses also indicated that the interaction between MTs and exogenous tau was impaired only in the tau-transgenic mice, but not in knock-in mice. Thus, the ectopic expression of tau may be critical for its somatodendritic mislocalization, a key step of the tauopathy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Somatodendritic localization of tau may be an early step leading to the neuronal degeneration in tauopathies. However, the mechanisms of the normal axonal distribution of tau and the mislocalization of pathological tau remain obscure. Our immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the endogenous mouse tau is transiently expressed in neonatal brains, that exogenous human tau expressed corresponding to such tau expression profile can distribute into the axon, and that the constitutive expression of tau into adulthood (e.g., human tau in transgenic mice) results in abnormal somatodendritic localization. Thus, the expression profile of tau is tightly associated with the localization of tau, and the ectopic expression of tau in matured neurons may be involved in the pathogenesis of tauopathy.
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88
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Edwards III GA, Gamez N, Escobedo Jr. G, Calderon O, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:146. [PMID: 31293412 PMCID: PMC6601685 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since first described in the early 1900s, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has risen exponentially in prevalence and concern. Research still drives to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease and what risk factors can attribute to AD. With a majority of AD cases being of sporadic origin, the increasing exponential growth of an aged population and a lack of treatment, it is imperative to discover an easy accessible preventative method for AD. Some risk factors can increase the propensity of AD such as aging, sex, and genetics. Moreover, there are also modifiable risk factors-in terms of treatable medical conditions and lifestyle choices-that play a role in developing AD. These risk factors have their own biological mechanisms that may contribute to AD etiology and pathological consequences. In this review article, we will discuss modifiable risk factors and discuss the current literature of how each of these factors interplay into AD development and progression and if strategically analyzed and treated, could aid in protection against this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Edwards III
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nazaret Gamez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Department of Cell Biology, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Escobedo Jr.
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Olivia Calderon
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Department of Cell Biology, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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89
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Rösler TW, Tayaranian Marvian A, Brendel M, Nykänen NP, Höllerhage M, Schwarz SC, Hopfner F, Koeglsperger T, Respondek G, Schweyer K, Levin J, Villemagne VL, Barthel H, Sabri O, Müller U, Meissner WG, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Four-repeat tauopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 180:101644. [PMID: 31238088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein with versatile functions in the dynamic assembly of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Four-repeat (4R-) tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases defined by cytoplasmic inclusions predominantly composed of tau protein isoforms with four microtubule-binding domains. Progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease or glial globular tauopathy belong to the group of 4R-tauopathies. The present review provides an introduction in the current concept of 4R-tauopathies, including an overview of the neuropathological and clinical spectrum of these diseases. It describes the genetic and environmental etiological factors, as well as the contemporary knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms, including post-translational modifications, aggregation and fragmentation of tau, as well as the role of protein degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, current theories about disease propagation are discussed, involving different extracellular tau species and their cellular release and uptake mechanisms. Finally, molecular diagnostic tools for 4R-tauopathies, including tau-PET and fluid biomarkers, and investigational therapeutic strategies are presented. In summary, we report on 4R-tauopathies as overarching disease concept based on a shared pathophysiological concept, and highlight the challenges and opportunities on the way towards a causal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Rösler
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Tayaranian Marvian
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Niko-Petteri Nykänen
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Höllerhage
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schweyer
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Dept. of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Dept. of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Dept. of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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90
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Moosecker S, Gomes P, Dioli C, Yu S, Sotiropoulos I, Almeida OFX. Activated PPARγ Abrogates Misprocessing of Amyloid Precursor Protein, Tau Missorting and Synaptotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:239. [PMID: 31263400 PMCID: PMC6584807 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes increases the risk for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pioglitazone (Pio), a pharmacological agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), improves insulin sensitivity and has been suggested to have potential in the management of AD symptoms, albeit through mostly unknown mechanisms. We here investigated the potential of Pio to counter synaptic malfunction and loss, a characteristic of AD pathology and its accompanying cognitive deficits. Results from experiments on primary mouse neuronal cultures and a human neural cell line (SH-SY5Y) show that Pio treatment attenuates amyloid β (Aβ)-triggered the pathological (mis-) processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and inhibits Aβ-induced accumulation and hyperphosphorylation of Tau. These events are accompanied by increased glutamatergic receptor 2B subunit (GluN2B) levels that are causally linked with neuronal death. Further, Pio treatment blocks Aβ-triggered missorting of hyperphosphorylated Tau to synapses and the subsequent loss of PSD95-positive synapses. These latter effects of Pio are PPARγ-mediated since they are blocked in the presence of GW9662, a selective PPARγ inhibitor. Collectively, these data show that activated PPARγ buffer neurons against APP misprocessing, Tau hyperphosphorylation and its missorting to synapses and subsequently, synaptic loss. These first insights into the mechanisms through which PPARγ influences synaptic loss make a case for further exploration of the potential usefulness of PPARγ agonists in the prevention and treatment of synaptic pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Moosecker
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrícia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Chrysoula Dioli
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Osborne F X Almeida
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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91
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Cline EN, Bicca MA, Viola KL, Klein WL. The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S567-S610. [PMID: 29843241 PMCID: PMC6004937 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis “has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade.” Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maíra Assunção Bicca
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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92
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Shi Y, Fang YY, Wei YP, Jiang Q, Zeng P, Tang N, Lu Y, Tian Q. Melatonin in Synaptic Impairments of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:911-926. [PMID: 29710712 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) underlies dementia for millions of people worldwide with no effective treatment. The dementia of AD is thought stem from the impairments of the synapses because of their critical roles in cognition. Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly released by the pineal gland in a circadian manner and it regulates brain functions in various manners. It is reported that both the melatonin deficit and synaptic impairments are present in the very early stage of AD and strongly contribute to the progress of AD. In the mammalian brains, the effects of melatonin are mainly relayed by two of its receptors, melatonin receptor type 1a (MT1) and 1b (MT2). To have a clear idea on the roles of melatonin in synaptic impairments of AD, this review discussed the actions of melatonin and its receptors in the stabilization of synapses, modulation of long-term potentiation, as well as their contributions in the transmissions of glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic synapses, which are the three main types of synapses relevant to the synaptic strength. The synaptic protective roles of melatonin in AD treatment were also summarized. Regarding its protective roles against amyloid-β neurotoxicity, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxygenation, inflammation as well as synaptic dysfunctions, melatonin may be an ideal therapeutic agent against AD at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Yan Fang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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93
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Baas PW, Qiang L. Tau: It's Not What You Think. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:452-461. [PMID: 30929793 PMCID: PMC6527491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a multifunctional microtubule-associated protein in the neuron. For decades, tau's main function in neurons has been broadly accepted as stabilizing microtubules in the axon; however, this conclusion was reached mainly on the basis of studies performed in vitro and on ectopic expression of tau in non-neuronal cells. The idea has become so prevailing that some disease researchers are even seeking to use microtubule-stabilizing drugs to treat diseases in which tau dissociates from microtubules. Recent work suggests that tau is not a stabilizer of microtubules in the axon, but rather enables axonal microtubules to have long labile domains, in part by outcompeting genuine stabilizers. This new perspective on tau challenges long-standing dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Baas
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Liang Qiang
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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94
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Dávila-Bouziguet E, Targa-Fabra G, Ávila J, Soriano E, Pascual M. Differential accumulation of Tau phosphorylated at residues Thr231, Ser262 and Thr205 in hippocampal interneurons and its modulation by Tau mutations (VLW) and amyloid-β peptide. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:232-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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95
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Neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase hyper-activation induces synaptic loss by an autophagy-mediated process. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:221. [PMID: 30833547 PMCID: PMC6399353 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by synaptic loss that leads to the development of cognitive deficits. Synapses are neuronal structures that play a crucial role in memory formation and are known to consume most of the energy used in the brain. Interestingly, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the main intracellular energy sensor, is hyper-activated in degenerating neurons in several neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In this context, we asked whether AMPK hyper-activation could influence synapses' integrity and function. AMPK hyper-activation in differentiated primary neurons led to a time-dependent decrease in pre- and post-synaptic markers, which was accompanied by a reduction in synapses number and a loss of neuronal networks functionality. The loss of post-synaptic proteins was mediated by an AMPK-regulated autophagy-dependent pathway. Finally, this process was also observed in vivo, where AMPK hyper-activation primed synaptic loss. Overall, our data demonstrate that during energetic stress condition, AMPK might play a fundamental role in the maintenance of synaptic integrity, at least in part through the regulation of autophagy. Thus, AMPK might represent a potential link between energetic failure and synaptic integrity in neurodegenerative conditions such as AD.
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96
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Rankovic M, Zweckstetter M. Upregulated levels and pathological aggregation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau-protein in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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97
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Crimins JL, Puri R, Calakos KC, Yuk F, Janssen WGM, Hara Y, Rapp PR, Morrison JH. Synaptic distributions of pS214-tau in rhesus monkey prefrontal cortex are associated with spine density, but not with cognitive decline. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:856-873. [PMID: 30408169 PMCID: PMC6333519 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Female rhesus monkeys and women are subject to age- and menopause-related deficits in working memory, an executive function mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Long-term cyclic administration of 17β-estradiol improves working memory, and restores highly plastic axospinous synapses within layer III dlPFC of aged ovariectomized monkeys. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that synaptic distributions of tau protein phosphorylated at serine 214 (pS214-tau) are altered with age or estradiol treatment, and couple to working memory performance. First, ovariectormized young and aged monkeys received vehicle or estradiol treatment, and were tested on the delayed response (DR) test of working memory. Serial section electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was then performed to quantitatively assess the subcellular synaptic distributions of pS214-tau. Overall, the majority of synapses contained pS214-tau immunogold particles, which were predominantly localized to the cytoplasm of axon terminals. pS214-tau was also abundant within synaptic and cytoplasmic domains of dendritic spines. The density of pS214-tau immunogold within the active zone, cytoplasmic, and plasmalemmal domains of axon terminals, and subjacent to the postsynaptic density within the subsynaptic domains of dendritic spines, were each reduced with age. None of the variables examined were directly linked to cognitive status, but a high density of pS214-tau immunogold particles within presynaptic cytoplasmic and plasmalemmal domains, and within postsynaptic subsynaptic and plasmalemmal domains, accompanied high synapse density. Together, these data support a possible physiological, rather than pathological, role for pS214-tau in the modulation of synaptic morphology in monkey dlPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Crimins
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Rishi Puri
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Katina C. Calakos
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Frank Yuk
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - William G. M. Janssen
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yuko Hara
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter R. Rapp
- National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - John H. Morrison
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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98
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Jadhav S, Avila J, Schöll M, Kovacs GG, Kövari E, Skrabana R, Evans LD, Kontsekova E, Malawska B, de Silva R, Buee L, Zilka N. A walk through tau therapeutic strategies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:22. [PMID: 30767766 PMCID: PMC6376692 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau neuronal and glial pathologies drive the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease and related human tauopathies. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that pathological tau species can travel from cell to cell and spread the pathology through the brain. Throughout the last decade, physiological and pathological tau have become attractive targets for AD therapies. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed, including the inhibition of protein kinases or protein-3-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine/threonine Nacetylglucosaminyl hydrolase, the inhibition of tau aggregation, active and passive immunotherapies, and tau silencing by antisense oligonucleotides. New tau therapeutics, across the board, have demonstrated the ability to prevent or reduce tau lesions and improve either cognitive or motor impairment in a variety of animal models developing neurofibrillary pathology. The most advanced strategy for the treatment of human tauopathies remains immunotherapy, which has already reached the clinical stage of drug development. Tau vaccines or humanised antibodies target a variety of tau species either in the intracellular or extracellular spaces. Some of them recognise the amino-terminus or carboxy-terminus, while others display binding abilities to the proline-rich area or microtubule binding domains. The main therapeutic foci in existing clinical trials are on Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and non-fluent primary progressive aphasia. Tau therapy offers a new hope for the treatment of many fatal brain disorders. First efficacy data from clinical trials will be available by the end of this decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Jadhav
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska 9, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvorakovo nabrezie 10, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jesus Avila
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera, 1. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative, Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of, Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH 4J, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1097, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kövari
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rostislav Skrabana
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvorakovo nabrezie 10, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lewis D Evans
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Eva Kontsekova
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvorakovo nabrezie 10, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Luc Buee
- Universite of Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, UMRS1172, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille cedex, France.
| | - Norbert Zilka
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvorakovo nabrezie 10, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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99
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Wen G, Yao H, Li Y, Ding R, Ren X, Tan Y, Ren W, Yu H, Zhan X, Wang X, Xu E, Yao J, Zhang G, Lu Y, Wu X. Regulation of Tau Protein on the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:287. [PMID: 31114516 PMCID: PMC6503093 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is known to play an important role in maintaining microtubule assembly and stabilization, and maintaining the normal morphology of neurons, but several studies have found that chronic stress leads to Tau hyperphosphorylation. A large number of clinical trials have found that ketamine, which is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, produces a rapid, long-lasting, and potent antidepressant effect in patients suffering from major depression. This rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine, which involves many mechanisms, has attracted wide attention. However, the relationship between ketamine's antidepressant effects and Tau protein has rarely been examined. We used C57BL/6 and Tau KO mice exposed to 42 days of chronic unpredictable mild stress (the CUMS model) to investigate the effect of ketamine on behavioral changes and synaptic functioning of the hippocampus. The results showed that a single treatment of ketamine rapidly relieved the CUMS-induced anhedonia, depression-like, and anxious behaviors of the C57BL/6 mice. The abnormal behaviors were accompanied by increased levels of specific alterations of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein in cytoplasm and synapse in the hippocampus of the C57BL/6 mice, but ketamine reduced the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein only in the synapse. We also found that CUMS exposure reduced the levels of GluA1 and PSD95 in the hippocampus of the C57BL/6 mice and that these deficits were reversed by ketamine. However, the Tau KO mice did not develop any stress-induced depressive behaviors or deficits of hippocampal function. The antidepressant effect of ketamine may decrease the levels of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein in synapse of C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Wen
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Runtao Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghua Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaqing Tan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weishu Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Enyu Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, the Affiliated Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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100
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Kokras N, Sotiropoulos I, Besinis D, Tzouveka EL, Almeida OFX, Sousa N, Dalla C. Neuroplasticity-related correlates of environmental enrichment combined with physical activity differ between the sexes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1-15. [PMID: 30497839 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE), comprising positive physical (exercise) and cognitive stimuli, influences neuronal structure and usually improves brain function. The promise of EE as a preventative strategy against neuropsychiatric disease is especially high during early postnatal development when the brain is still amenable to reorganization. Despite the fact that male and female brains differ in terms of connectivity and function that may reflect early life experiences, knowledge of the neural substrates and mechanisms by which such changes arise remains limited. This study compared the impact of EE combined with physical activity on neuroplasticity and its functional consequences in adult male and female rats; EE was provided during the first 3 months of life and our analysis focused on the hippocampus, an area implicated in cognitive behavior as well as the neuroendocrine response to stress. Both male and female rats reared in EE displayed better object recognition memory than their control counterparts. Interestingly, sex differences were revealed in the effects of EE on time spent exploring the objects during this test. Independently of sex, EE increased hippocampal turnover rates of dopamine and serotonin and reduced expression of 5-HT1A receptors; in addition, EE upregulated expression of synaptophysin, a presynaptic protein, in the hippocampus. As compared to their respective controls, EE-exposed males exhibited parallel increases in phosphorylated Tau and the GluN2B receptor, whereas females responded to EE with reduced hippocampal levels of glutamate and GluN2B. Together, these observations provide further evidence on the differential effects of EE on markers of hippocampal neuroplasticity in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - D Besinis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - E L Tzouveka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - N Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - C Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens 11527, Greece.
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