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Abstract
Sex selection through sperm sorting offers advantages in regards selection pressure in high-producing livestock. However, the sex-sorting process results in sperm membrane and DNA damage that ultimately decrease fertility. We hypothesized that given the role of protamines in DNA packaging, protamine deficiency could account, at least partially, for the DNA damage observed following sperm sex sorting. To test this, we compared protamine status between unsexed and sexed spermatozoa from two bulls using the fluorochrome chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and flow cytometry. Then, we assessed embryo development following in vitro fertilization (IVF) using the same sperm treatments. Overall, sperm protamination was not different between sexed and unsexed semen. However, one of the two bulls displayed higher rates of protamine deficiency for both unsexed and sexed semen (P < 0.05). Moreover, unsexed semen from this bull yielded lower blastocyst (P < 0.05) and blastocyst hatching rates than unsexed sperm from the other bull. CMA3-positive staining was negatively correlated with cleavage (R2 85.1, P = 0.003) and blastocyst hatching (R2 87.6, P = 0.006) rates in unsexed semen. In conclusion, while the sex-sorting process had no effect on sperm protamine content, we observed a bull effect for sperm protamination, which correlated to embryo development rates following IVF.
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52
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Li Y, Mi P, Chen X, Wu J, Qin W, Shen Y, Zhang P, Tang Y, Cheng CY, Sun F. Dynamic Profiles and Transcriptional Preferences of Histone Modifications During Spermiogenesis. Endocrinology 2021; 162:5974117. [PMID: 33175103 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During spermiogenesis, extensive histone modifications take place in developing haploid spermatids besides morphological alterations of the genetic material to form compact nuclei. Better understanding on the overall transcriptional dynamics and preferences of histones and enzymes involved in histone modifications may provide valuable information to dissect the epigenetic characteristics and unique chromatin status during spermiogenesis. Using single-cell RNA-Sequencing, the expression dynamics of histone variants, writers, erasers, and readers of histone acetylation and methylation, as well as histone phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and chaperones were assessed through transcriptome profiling during spermiogenesis. This approach provided an unprecedented panoramic perspective of the involving genes in epigenetic modifier/histone variant expression during spermiogenesis. Results reported here revealed the transcriptional ranks of histones, histone modifications, and their readers during spermiogenesis, emphasizing the unique preferences of epigenetic regulation in spermatids. These findings also highlighted the impact of spermatid metabolic preferences on epigenetic modifications. Despite the observed rising trend on transcription levels of all encoding genes and histone variants, the transcriptome profile of genes in histone modifications and their readers displayed a downward expression trend, suggesting that spermatid nuclei condensation is a progressive process that occurred in tandem with a gradual decrease in overall epigenetic activity during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panpan Mi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiabao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibing Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingbao Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunge Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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53
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Pereira SC, Crisóstomo L, Sousa M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Metabolic diseases affect male reproduction and induce signatures in gametes that may compromise the offspring health. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2020; 6:dvaa019. [PMID: 33324496 PMCID: PMC7722800 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases worldwide are non-communicable such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Noteworthy, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is expected to steadily increase in the next decades, mostly fueled by bad feeding habits, stress, and sedentarism. The reproductive function of individuals is severely affected by abnormal metabolic environments, both at mechanical and biochemical levels. Along with mechanical dysfunctions, and decreased sperm quality (promoted both directly and indirectly by metabolic abnormalities), several studies have already reported the potentially harmful effects of metabolic disorders in the genetic and epigenetic cargo of spermatozoa, and the epigenetic inheritance of molecular signatures induced by metabolic profile (paternal diet, obesity, and diabetes). The inheritance of epigenetic factors towards the development of metabolic abnormalities means that more people in reproductive age can potentially suffer from these disorders and for longer periods. In its turn, these individuals can also transmit this (epi)genetic information to future generations, creating a vicious cycle. In this review, we collect the reported harmful effects related to acquired metabolic disorders and diet in sperm parameters and male reproductive potential. Besides, we will discuss the novel findings regarding paternal epigenetic inheritance, particularly the ones induced by paternal diet rich in fats, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. We analyze the data attained with in vitro and animal models as well as in long-term transgenerational population studies. Although the findings on this topic are very recent, epigenetic inheritance of metabolic disease has a huge societal impact, which may be crucial to tackle the 'fat epidemic' efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Pereira
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Crisóstomo
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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54
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Maternal DNMT3A-dependent de novo methylation of the paternal genome inhibits gene expression in the early embryo. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5417. [PMID: 33110091 PMCID: PMC7591512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a, with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome. The paternal genome in mice undergoes widespread DNA methylation loss post-fertilization. Here, the authors apply allele-specific analysis of WGBS data to show that a number of genomic regions are simultaneously de novo methylated on the paternal genome dependent on maternal DNMT3A activity, which induces transcriptional silencing of this allele in the early embryo.
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Barbosa MG, Jorge BC, Stein J, Santos Ferreira DA, Barreto ACDS, Reis ACC, Moreira SDS, Inocencio LCDL, Macorini LFB, Arena AC. Pre-pubertal exposure to ibuprofen impairs sperm parameters in male adult rats and compromises the next generation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:559-572. [PMID: 32615883 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1786483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs in pediatric practice. This drug inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme, reducing the production of prostaglandin, an important mediator on male reproductive function. We examined if pre-pubertal treatment with ibuprofen in male rats can affect the reproductive parameters of these animals in adult life and on their descendants. Male rats (23 days old) received ibuprofen (0; 2.4; 7.2 or 14.3 mg/kg/day), per gavage, from postnatal day (PND) 23 to 53. At sexual maturity, treated males were placed with untreated females for obtaining the next generation (F1). The highest dose of ibuprofen interfered in sexual behavior and reduced the fertility potential of these animals in adulthood. Additionally, the ibuprofen treatment altered the sperm quantity and quality, as evidenced by a decrease in sperm motility and in the daily sperm production in the testis. Testosterone levels were also reduced by pre-pubertal treatment. The paternal treatment with this drug also influenced the reproductive outcomes of progeny. The male offspring from males treated exhibited acceleration in sperm transit time in the epididymis and the number and volume of Leydig cell nuclei were decreased, while the estrous cyclicity was displayed and the fertility potential reduced in the female offspring. The pre-pubertal ibuprofen-treatment caused negative reproductive impacts in adulthood, compromising sperm quality and quantity, as well as interfered in the reproductive outcomes of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gazoli Barbosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Campos Jorge
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Stein
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayana Agnes Santos Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina da Silva Barreto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Casali Reis
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suyane Da Silva Moreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cesar De Lima Inocencio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu, Brazil
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56
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Fortes MRS, Porto-Neto LR, Satake N, Nguyen LT, Freitas AC, Melo TP, Scalez DCB, Hayes B, Raidan FSS, Reverter A, Boe-Hansen GB. X chromosome variants are associated with male fertility traits in two bovine populations. Genet Sel Evol 2020; 52:46. [PMID: 32787790 PMCID: PMC7425018 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-020-00563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-five phenotypes were measured as indicators of bull fertility (1099 Brahman and 1719 Tropical Composite bulls). Measurements included sperm morphology, scrotal circumference, and sperm chromatin phenotypes such as DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency. We estimated the heritability of these phenotypes and carried out genome-wide association studies (GWAS) within breed, using the bovine high-density chip, to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL). RESULTS Our analyses suggested that both sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm protamine deficiency are heritable (h2 from 0.10 to 0.22). To confirm these first estimates of heritability, further studies on sperm chromatin traits, with larger datasets are necessary. Our GWAS identified 12 QTL for bull fertility traits, based on at least five polymorphisms (P < 10-8) for each QTL. Five QTL were identified in Brahman and another seven in Tropical Composite bulls. Most of the significant polymorphisms detected in both breeds and nine of the 12 QTL were on chromosome X. The QTL were breed-specific, but for some traits, a closer inspection of the GWAS results revealed suggestive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations (P < 10-7) in both breeds. For example, the QTL for inhibin level in Braham could be relevant to Tropical Composites too (many polymorphisms reached P < 10-7 in the same region). The QTL for sperm midpiece morphological abnormalities on chromosome X (QTL peak at 4.92 Mb, P < 10-17) is an example of a breed-specific QTL, supported by 143 significant SNPs (P < 10-8) in Brahman, but absent in Tropical Composites. Our GWAS results add evidence to the mammalian specialization of the X chromosome, which during evolution has accumulated genes linked to spermatogenesis. Some of the polymorphisms on chromosome X were associated to more than one genetically correlated trait (correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.51). Correlations and shared polymorphism associations support the hypothesis that these phenotypes share the same underlying cause, i.e. defective spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic improvement for bull fertility is possible through genomic selection, which is likely more accurate if the QTL on chromosome X are considered in the predictions. Polymorphisms associated with male fertility accumulate on this chromosome in cattle, as in humans and mice, suggesting its specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R. S. Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | | | - Nana Satake
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343 Australia
| | - Loan T. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana Claudia Freitas
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Thaise P. Melo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Becker Scalez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Ben Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | | | | | - Gry B. Boe-Hansen
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343 Australia
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57
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Chen T, Mu S, Sun Z, Zhang H, Li C, Guo M, Li Y, Kang X, Wang Z. Spermiogenic histone transitions and chromatin decondensation in Decapoda. Theriogenology 2020; 156:242-252. [PMID: 32777658 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Decapoda are among of the most diverse groups of Crustacea with an important economic value, and have thus been the focus of various reproductive biology studies. Although spermatozoa are morphologically diverse, decapod spermatozoa possess common features, such as being non-motile and having uncondensed nuclear chromatin. Many scholars have studied uncondensed chromatin in decapod spermatozoa; however, the role of biologically regulated decondensation in spermatozoa remains unclear. In this study, histone changes in the spermatozoa of five commercially relevant aquatic crustacean species (Eriocheir sinensis, Scylla paramamosain, Procambarus clarkii, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and Macrobrachium nipponense) were studied via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and immunofluorescence. The LC-MS/MS results confirmed that all four core histones were present in the sperm nuclei of the five Decapoda species. Positive fluorescent signals from histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 were detected in the spermatozoa nuclei of E. sinensis, S. paramamosain and M. nipponense via immunofluorescence. Histone H2A was first identified in the membrane sheets or cytoplasm of mature sperm in P. clarkii and F. chinensis, whereas H3 and H4 were generally distributed in the nucleus of the spermatozoa. Histone H2B gradually disappeared during spermiogenesis and was not found in the sperm of P. clarkii and F. chinensis eventually. Our data suggest that core histones are instructive and necessary for chromatin decondensation in decapods spermatozoa. Thus, our results may help resolve the complex sperm histone code and provide a reference for the study of spermatozoa evolution in Decapoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shumei Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mingsheng Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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58
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García-Roa R, Garcia-Gonzalez F, Noble DWA, Carazo P. Temperature as a modulator of sexual selection. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1607-1629. [PMID: 32691483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A central question in ecology and evolution is to understand why sexual selection varies so much in strength across taxa; it has long been known that ecological factors are crucial to this. Temperature is a particularly salient abiotic ecological factor that modulates a wide range of physiological, morphological and behavioural traits, impacting individuals and populations at a global taxonomic scale. Furthermore, temperature exhibits substantial temporal variation (e.g. daily, seasonally and inter-seasonally), and hence for most species in the wild sexual selection will regularly unfold in a dynamic thermal environment. Unfortunately, studies have so far almost completely neglected the role of temperature as a modulator of sexual selection. Here, we outline the main pathways through which temperature can affect the intensity and form (i.e. mechanisms) of sexual selection, via: (i) direct effects on secondary sexual traits and preferences (i.e. trait variance, opportunity for selection and trait-fitness covariance), and (ii) indirect effects on key mating parameters, sex-specific reproductive costs/benefits, trade-offs, demography and correlated abiotic factors. Building upon this framework, we show that, by focusing exclusively on the first-order effects that environmental temperature has on traits linked with individual fitness and population viability, current global warming studies may be ignoring eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by sexual selection. Finally, we tested the general prediction that temperature modulates sexual selection by conducting a meta-analysis of available studies experimentally manipulating temperature and reporting effects on the variance of male/female reproductive success and/or traits under sexual selection. Our results show a clear association between temperature and sexual selection measures in both sexes. In short, we suggest that studying the feedback between temperature and sexual selection processes may be vital to developing a better understanding of variation in the strength of sexual selection in nature, and its consequences for population viability in response to environmental change (e.g. global warming).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-Roa
- Behaviour and Evolution, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, c/Americo Vespucio, 26, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, 41092, Spain.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2061, Australia
| | - Pau Carazo
- Behaviour and Evolution, Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
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59
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Bell AD, Mello CJ, Nemesh J, Brumbaugh SA, Wysoker A, McCarroll SA. Insights into variation in meiosis from 31,228 human sperm genomes. Nature 2020; 583:259-264. [PMID: 32494014 PMCID: PMC7351608 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis, although essential for reproduction, is also variable and error-prone: rates of chromosome crossover vary among gametes, between the sexes, and among humans of the same sex, and chromosome missegregation leads to abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy)1-8. To study diverse meiotic outcomes and how they covary across chromosomes, gametes and humans, we developed Sperm-seq, a way of simultaneously analysing the genomes of thousands of individual sperm. Here we analyse the genomes of 31,228 human gametes from 20 sperm donors, identifying 813,122 crossovers and 787 aneuploid chromosomes. Sperm donors had aneuploidy rates ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 aneuploidies per gamete; crossovers partially protected chromosomes from nondisjunction at the meiosis I cell division. Some chromosomes and donors underwent more-frequent nondisjunction during meiosis I, and others showed more meiosis II segregation failures. Sperm genomes also manifested many genomic anomalies that could not be explained by simple nondisjunction. Diverse recombination phenotypes-from crossover rates to crossover location and separation, a measure of crossover interference-covaried strongly across individuals and cells. Our results can be incorporated with earlier observations into a unified model in which a core mechanism, the variable physical compaction of meiotic chromosomes, generates interindividual and cell-to-cell variation in diverse meiotic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Davis Bell
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Curtis J Mello
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Nemesh
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara A Brumbaugh
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alec Wysoker
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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60
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Kumaresan A, Das Gupta M, Datta TK, Morrell JM. Sperm DNA Integrity and Male Fertility in Farm Animals: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:321. [PMID: 32637425 PMCID: PMC7317013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate prediction of male fertility is of major economic importance in the animal breeding industry. However, the results of conventional semen analysis do not always correlate with field fertility outcomes. There is evidence to indicate that mammalian fertilization and subsequent embryo development depend, in part, on the inherent integrity of the sperm DNA. Understanding the complex packaging of mammalian sperm chromatin and assessment of DNA integrity could potentially provide a benchmark in clinical infertility. In the era of assisted reproduction, especially when in-vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection is used, assessment of sperm DNA integrity is important because spermatozoa are not subjected to the selection process occurring naturally in the female reproductive tract. Although sperm DNA integrity testing measures a significant biological parameter, its precise role in the infertility evaluation in farm animals remains unclear. In this review, the earlier findings on sperm DNA integrity in relation to male fertility are compiled and analyzed. Furthermore, the causes and consequences of sperm DNA damage are described, together with a review of advances in methods for detection of sperm DNA damage, and the prognostic value of sperm DNA quality on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR), Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohua Das Gupta
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR), Bengaluru, India
| | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR), Karnal, India
| | - Jane M. Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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61
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Chan JC, Morgan CP, Adrian Leu N, Shetty A, Cisse YM, Nugent BM, Morrison KE, Jašarević E, Huang W, Kanyuch N, Rodgers AB, Bhanu NV, Berger DS, Garcia BA, Ament S, Kane M, Neill Epperson C, Bale TL. Reproductive tract extracellular vesicles are sufficient to transmit intergenerational stress and program neurodevelopment. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1499. [PMID: 32198406 PMCID: PMC7083921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique mode of intercellular communication capable of incredible specificity in transmitting signals involved in cellular function, including germ cell maturation. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, behind a protective barrier to ensure safeguarding of germline DNA from environmental insults. Following DNA compaction, further sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis. Here, we report reproductive tract EVs transmit information regarding stress in the paternal environment to sperm, potentially altering fetal development. Using intracytoplasmic sperm injection, we found that sperm incubated with EVs collected from stress-treated epididymal epithelial cells produced offspring with altered neurodevelopment and adult stress reactivity. Proteomic and transcriptomic assessment of these EVs showed dramatic changes in protein and miRNA content long after stress treatment had ended, supporting a lasting programmatic change in response to chronic stress. Thus, EVs as a normal process in sperm maturation, can also perform roles in intergenerational transmission of paternal environmental experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher P Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amol Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yasmine M Cisse
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Bridget M Nugent
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen E Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Eldin Jašarević
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nickole Kanyuch
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ali B Rodgers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dara S Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seth Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Maureen Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Manfrevola F, Chioccarelli T, Cobellis G, Fasano S, Ferraro B, Sellitto C, Marella G, Pierantoni R, Chianese R. CircRNA Role and circRNA-Dependent Network (ceRNET) in Asthenozoospermia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:395. [PMID: 32754116 PMCID: PMC7366322 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of circRNA in reproduction is under investigation. CircRNAs are expressed in human testis, spermatozoa (SPZ), and seminal plasma. Their involvement in embryo development has also been suggested. Asthenozoospermia, a common cause of male infertility, is characterized by reduced or absent sperm motility in fresh ejaculate. While abnormal mitochondrial function, altered sperm tail, and genomic causes have been deeply investigated, the epigenetic signature of asthenozoospermic derived SPZ still remains unexplored. CircRNAs may take part in the repertoire of differentially expressed molecules in infertile men. Considering this background, we carried out a circRNA microarray, identifying a total of 9,138 transcripts, 22% of them novel based and 83.5% with an exonic structure. Using KEGG analysis, we evaluated the circRNA contribution in pathways related to mitochondrial function and sperm motility. In order to discriminate circRNAs with a differential expression in SPZ with differential morphological parameters, we separated sperm cells by Percoll gradient and analyzed their differential circRNA payload. A bioinformatic approach was then utilized to build a circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network. With the aim to demonstrate a dynamic contribution of circRNAs to the sperm epigenetic signature, we verified their modulation as a consequence of an oral amino acid supplementation, efficacious in improving SPZ motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfrevola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Chioccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Fasano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Ferraro
- UOSD di Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione, Presidio Ospedaliero di Marcianise, Caserta, Italy
| | - Carolina Sellitto
- UOSD di Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione, Presidio Ospedaliero di Marcianise, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marella
- UOSD di Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione, Presidio Ospedaliero di Marcianise, Caserta, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Chianese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rosanna Chianese
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63
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Cariati F, Carbone L, Conforti A, Bagnulo F, Peluso SR, Carotenuto C, Buonfantino C, Alviggi E, Alviggi C, Strina I. Bisphenol A-Induced Epigenetic Changes and Its Effects on the Male Reproductive System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:453. [PMID: 32849263 PMCID: PMC7406566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread chemical agent which can exert detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Exposure to BPA has been shown to induce several epigenetic modifications in both animal and human cells. Specifically, BPA could not only modify the methylation pattern of multiple genes encoding proteins related to reproductive physiology but also directly influence the genes responsible for DNA methylation. BPA effects include hormonal alterations, microscopic and macroscopic alteration of male reproductive organs, and inheritable epigenetic changes involving human reproduction. BPA exposure was also linked to prostate cancer. This review aims to show the current scenario of BPA-induced epigenetic changes and its effects on the male reproductive system. Possible strategies to counter the toxic effect of BPA were also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cariati
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federica Cariati
| | - Luigi Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnulo
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Consolata Carotenuto
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Department, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Cira Buonfantino
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Erminia Alviggi
- GENERA Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Ruesch, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology Institute (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Strina
- Fertility Unit, Maternal-Child Department, AOU Policlinico Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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64
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Van Winkle LJ, Ryznar R. One-Carbon Metabolism Regulates Embryonic Stem Cell Fate Through Epigenetic DNA and Histone Modifications: Implications for Transgenerational Metabolic Disorders in Adults. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:300. [PMID: 31824950 PMCID: PMC6882271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human (h) and mouse (m) embryonic stem (ES) cells need specific amino acids to proliferate. mES cells require threonine (Thr) metabolism for epigenetic histone modifications. Thr is converted to glycine and acetyl CoA, and the glycine is metabolized specifically to regulate trimethylation of lysine (Lys) residue 4 in histone H3 (H3K4me3). DNA methylation and methylation of other H3 Lys residues remain unimpaired by Thr deprivation in mES cell culture medium. Similarly, hES cells require methionine (Met) to maintain the Met-SAM (S-adenosyl methionine) cycle of 1-carbon metabolism also for H3K4me3 formation. H3K4me3 is needed specifically to regulate and maintain both mES and hES cell proliferation and their pluripotent states. Better understanding of this regulation is essential since treatment of human diseases and disorders will increasingly involve hES cells. Furthermore, since ES cells are derived from their progenitor cells in preimplantation blastocysts, they serve as models of 1-carbon metabolism in these precursors of all mammalian tissues and organs. One-carbon metabolism challenges, such as a maternal low protein diet (LPD) during preimplantation blastocyst development, contribute to development of metabolic syndrome and related abnormalities in adults. These 1-carbon metabolism challenges result in altered epigenetic DNA and histone modifications in ES progenitor cells and the tissues and organs to which they develop. Moreover, the modified histones could have extracellular as well as intracellular effects, since histones are secreted in uterine fluid and influence early embryo development. Hence, the mechanisms and transgenerational implications of these altered epigenetic DNA and histone modifications warrant concerted further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lon J Van Winkle
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca Ryznar
- Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
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65
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Liu S, Fang L, Zhou Y, Santos DJA, Xiang R, Daetwyler HD, Chamberlain AJ, Cole JB, Li CJ, Yu Y, Ma L, Zhang S, Liu GE. Analyses of inter-individual variations of sperm DNA methylation and their potential implications in cattle. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:888. [PMID: 31752687 PMCID: PMC6873545 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation has been shown to be involved in many biological processes, including X chromosome inactivation in females, paternal genomic imprinting, and others. Results Based on the correlation patterns of methylation levels of neighboring CpG sites among 28 sperm whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data (486 × coverage), we obtained 31,272 methylation haplotype blocks (MHBs). Among them, we defined conserved methylated regions (CMRs), variably methylated regions (VMRs) and highly variably methylated regions (HVMRs) among individuals, and showed that HVMRs might play roles in transcriptional regulation and function in complex traits variation and adaptive evolution by integrating evidence from traditional and molecular quantitative trait loci (QTL), and selection signatures. Using a weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we also detected a co-regulated module of HVMRs that was significantly associated with reproduction traits, and enriched for glycosyltransferase genes, which play critical roles in spermatogenesis and fertilization. Additionally, we identified 46 VMRs significantly associated with reproduction traits, nine of which were regulated by cis-SNPs, implying the possible intrinsic relationships among genomic variations, DNA methylation, and phenotypes. These significant VMRs were co-localized (± 10 kb) with genes related to sperm motility and reproduction, including ZFP36L1, CRISP2 and HGF. We provided further evidence that rs109326022 within a predominant QTL on BTA18 might influence the reproduction traits through regulating the methylation level of nearby genes JOSD2 and ASPDH in sperm. Conclusion In summary, our results demonstrated associations of sperm DNA methylation with reproduction traits, highlighting the potential of epigenomic information in genomic improvement programs for cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Lingzhao Fang
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Daniel J A Santos
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ruidong Xiang
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Amanda J Chamberlain
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - John B Cole
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Cong-Jun Li
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shengli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - George E Liu
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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66
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Touré A. Importance of SLC26 Transmembrane Anion Exchangers in Sperm Post-testicular Maturation and Fertilization Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:230. [PMID: 31681763 PMCID: PMC6813192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sperm cells produced within the testis are structurally differentiated but remain immotile and are unable to fertilize the oocyte unless they undergo a series of maturation events during their transit in the male and female genital tracts. This post-testicular functional maturation is known to rely on the micro-environment of both male and female genital tracts, and is tightly controlled by the pH of their luminal milieus. In particular, within the epididymis, the establishment of a low bicarbonate (HCO3–) concentration contributes to luminal acidification, which is necessary for sperm maturation and subsequent storage in a quiescent state. Following ejaculation, sperm is exposed to the basic pH of the female genital tract and bicarbonate (HCO3–), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl–) influxes induce biochemical and electrophysiological changes to the sperm cells (cytoplasmic alkalinization, increased cAMP concentration, and protein phosphorylation cascades), which are indispensable for the acquisition of fertilization potential, a process called capacitation. Solute carrier 26 (SLC26) members are conserved membranous proteins that mediate the transport of various anions across the plasma membrane of epithelial cells and constitute important regulators of pH and HCO3– concentration. Most SLC26 members were shown to physically interact and cooperate with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel (CFTR) in various epithelia, mainly by stimulating its Cl– channel activity. Among SLC26 members, the function of SLC26A3, A6, and A8 were particularly investigated in the male genital tract and the sperm cells. In this review, we will focus on SLC26s contributions to ionic- and pH-dependent processes during sperm post-testicular maturation. We will specify the current knowledge regarding their functions, based on data from the literature generated by means of in vitro and in vivo studies in knock-out mouse models together with genetic studies of infertile patients. We will also discuss the limits of those studies, the current research gaps and identify some key points for potential developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Touré
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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67
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Llamas Luceño N, de Souza Ramos Angrimani D, de Cássia Bicudo L, Szymańska KJ, Van Poucke M, Demeyere K, Meyer E, Peelman L, Mullaart E, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Van Soom A. Exposing dairy bulls to high temperature-humidity index during spermatogenesis compromises subsequent embryo development in vitro. Theriogenology 2019; 141:16-25. [PMID: 31494458 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The possible impact of natural heat stress on animal fertility is currently a major concern for breeding companies. Here, we aimed to address this concern by determining the effects of natural heat stress on the fertility of Holstein bulls located in the Netherlands. Semen samples were collected from six bulls at two locations in March 2016 (low temperature-humidity index (THI) group; maximum THI of 51.8 and 55 at their respective locations) or August (high THI group; maximum THI of 77.9 and 80.5 during meiotic and spermiogenic stages of spermatogenesis, 42 to 14 days prior to semen collection). The effect of heat stress on semen quality was assessed by sperm morphology, motility, reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, viability, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, we evaluated the development of embryos generated in vitro by low and high THI semen, and determined inner cell mass/trophectoderm ratio, apoptotic cell ratio, and embryonic gene expression in day-8 blastocysts. An increase in cell death (propidium iodide-positive cells; P = 0.039) was observed in the high THI group (31.5%) compared to the low THI group (27.6%). Moreover, a decrease (P < 0.001) was observed in the total blastocyst rates at day 7 post-insemination (15.3 vs 20.9%) and day 8 (23.2 vs 29.6%) in the high THI compared to the low THI group, respectively. There were no differences in the relative abundance of candidate transcripts examined. In conclusion, sperm samples from dairy bulls obtained during a period with higher THI had reduced viability and led to a decrease in blastocyst development and delayed hatching, compared to semen collected during a period with low THI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Llamas Luceño
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Cássia Bicudo
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katarzyna J Szymańska
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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68
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Cyclin-CDK Complexes are Key Controllers of Capacitation-Dependent Actin Dynamics in Mammalian Spermatozoa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174236. [PMID: 31470670 PMCID: PMC6747110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa are infertile immediately after ejaculation and need to undergo a functional maturation process to acquire the competence to fertilize the female egg. During this process, called capacitation, the actin cytoskeleton dramatically changes its organization. First, actin fibers polymerize, forming a network over the anterior part of the sperm cells head, and then it rapidly depolymerizes and disappears during the exocytosis of the acrosome content (the acrosome reaction (AR)). Here, we developed a computational model representing the actin dynamics (AD) process on mature spermatozoa. In particular, we represented all the molecular events known to be involved in AD as a network of nodes linked by edges (the interactions). After the network enrichment, using an online resource (STRING), we carried out the statistical analysis on its topology, identifying the controllers of the system and validating them in an experiment of targeted versus random attack to the network. Interestingly, among them, we found that cyclin-dependent kinase (cyclin–CDK) complexes are acting as stronger controllers. This finding is of great interest since it suggests the key role that cyclin–CDK complexes could play in controlling AD during sperm capacitation, leading us to propose a new and interesting non-genomic role for these molecules.
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69
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Xavier MJ, Roman SD, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. Transgenerational inheritance: how impacts to the epigenetic and genetic information of parents affect offspring health. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 25:518-540. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
A defining feature of sexual reproduction is the transmission of genomic information from both parents to the offspring. There is now compelling evidence that the inheritance of such genetic information is accompanied by additional epigenetic marks, or stable heritable information that is not accounted for by variations in DNA sequence. The reversible nature of epigenetic marks coupled with multiple rounds of epigenetic reprogramming that erase the majority of existing patterns have made the investigation of this phenomenon challenging. However, continual advances in molecular methods are allowing closer examination of the dynamic alterations to histone composition and DNA methylation patterns that accompany development and, in particular, how these modifications can occur in an individual’s germline and be transmitted to the following generation. While the underlying mechanisms that permit this form of transgenerational inheritance remain unclear, it is increasingly apparent that a combination of genetic and epigenetic modifications plays major roles in determining the phenotypes of individuals and their offspring.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
Information pertaining to transgenerational inheritance was systematically reviewed focusing primarily on mammalian cells to the exclusion of inheritance in plants, due to inherent differences in the means by which information is transmitted between generations. The effects of environmental factors and biological processes on both epigenetic and genetic information were reviewed to determine their contribution to modulating inheritable phenotypes.
SEARCH METHODS
Articles indexed in PubMed were searched using keywords related to transgenerational inheritance, epigenetic modifications, paternal and maternal inheritable traits and environmental and biological factors influencing transgenerational modifications. We sought to clarify the role of epigenetic reprogramming events during the life cycle of mammals and provide a comprehensive review of how the genomic and epigenomic make-up of progenitors may determine the phenotype of its descendants.
OUTCOMES
We found strong evidence supporting the role of DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications and even non-protein-coding RNA in altering the epigenetic composition of individuals and producing stable epigenetic effects that were transmitted from parents to offspring, in both humans and rodent species. Multiple genomic domains and several histone modification sites were found to resist demethylation and endure genome-wide reprogramming events. Epigenetic modifications integrated into the genome of individuals were shown to modulate gene expression and activity at enhancer and promoter domains, while genetic mutations were shown to alter sequence availability for methylation and histone binding. Fundamentally, alterations to the nuclear composition of the germline in response to environmental factors, ageing, diet and toxicant exposure have the potential to become hereditably transmitted.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
The environment influences the health and well-being of progeny by working through the germline to introduce spontaneous genetic mutations as well as a variety of epigenetic changes, including alterations in DNA methylation status and the post-translational modification of histones. In evolutionary terms, these changes create the phenotypic diversity that fuels the fires of natural selection. However, rather than being adaptive, such variation may also generate a plethora of pathological disease states ranging from dominant genetic disorders to neurological conditions, including spontaneous schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel João Xavier
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Reproductive Science Group, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Ugur MR, Kutchy NA, de Menezes EB, Ul-Husna A, Haynes BP, Uzun A, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura A, Memili E. Retained Acetylated Histone Four in Bull Sperm Associated With Fertility. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:223. [PMID: 31417913 PMCID: PMC6685445 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bull fertility, ability of the sperm to fertilize and activate the egg and support embryo development, is vital for cattle reproduction and production. Even though majority of histones are replaced by protamines, some histones are retained in sperm. It is known that chromatin remodeling during spermatogenesis results in dynamic changes in sperm chromatin structure through post-translational modifications (PTM) of sperm histones, which are important for regulation of gene expression. However, amounts of sperm Histone 4 (H4), its acetylated form (H4 acetyl), and to what extent these molecular attributes influence sperm chromatin structure and bull fertility are unknown. These gaps in the knowledge base are important because they are preventing advances in the fundamental science of bovine male gamete and improvement of bull fertility. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that expression dynamics as well as PTM of sperm H4 are associated with bull fertility. Flow cytometry was utilized to quantify H4 and H4 acetylated form in sperm from seven high and seven low fertility Holstein bulls. The results indicated that the average number of cells with H4 or H4 acetyl expression in high and low fertility bull sperm were 34.6 ± 20.4, 1.88 ± 1.8, 15.2 ± 20.8, and 1.4 ± 1.2, respectively. However, the sperm enriched in both H4 and H4 acetyl were different between high and low fertility groups (3.5 ± 0.6; 1.8 ± 0.8; P = 0.043). The localization and detection of H4 and H4 acetylation were measured by immunocytochemistry which revealed that H4 and H4 acetylation were equally distributed in the sperm head of high and low fertility sires. Western blotting results confirmed the presence of the H4 and its acetylated form in the sperm. Bioinformatics studies demonstrated that H4 is highly conserved among mammalians, and have significant gene ontology on spermatogenesis, early embryo implantation, and sperm capacitation. The results are significant because it demonstrates the replacement of canonical histone H4 into modified H4 acetylation in sperm and regulate its dynamics which is crucial for bull fertility and reproductive biotechnology. These findings advance fundamental science of mammalian early development and reproductive biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Rasit Ugur
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Naseer Ahmad Kutchy
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Erika Bezerra de Menezes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Asma Ul-Husna
- Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bethany Peyton Haynes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Alper Uzun
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Abdullah Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Arlindo Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Erdogan Memili
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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71
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Ioannou D, Tempest HG. Human Sperm Chromosomes: To Form Hairpin-Loops, Or Not to Form Hairpin-Loops, That Is the Question. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070504. [PMID: 31277336 PMCID: PMC6678829 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomes are non-randomly organized within the interphase nucleus; and spermatozoa are proposed to have a unique hairpin-loop configuration, which has been hypothesized to be critical for the ordered exodus of the paternal genome following fertilization. Recent studies suggest that the hairpin-loop model of sperm chromatin organization is more segmentally organized. The purpose of this study is to examine the 3D organization and hairpin-loop configurations of chromosomes in human spermatozoa. METHODS Three-color sperm-fluorescence in-situ hybridization was utilized against the centromeres, and chromosome p- and q-arms of eight chromosomes from five normozoospermic donors. Wide-field fluorescence microscopy and 3D modelling established the radial organization and hairpin-loop chromosome configurations in spermatozoa. RESULTS All chromosomes possessed reproducible non-random radial organization (p < 0.05) and formed discrete hairpin-loop configurations. However, chromosomes preferentially formed narrow or wide hairpin-loops. We did not find evidence to support the existence of a centralized chromocenter(s) with centromeres being more peripherally localized than one or both of their respective chromosome arms. CONCLUSION This provides further evidence to support a more segmental organization of chromatin in the human sperm nucleus. This may be of significance for fertilization and early embryogenesis as specific genomic regions are likely to be exposed, remodeled, and activated first, following fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Ioannou
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Helen G Tempest
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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72
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González-Rojo S, Fernández-Díez C, Lombó M, Herráez MP. Distribution of DNA damage in the human sperm nucleus: implications of the architecture of the sperm head. Asian J Androl 2019; 22:401-408. [PMID: 31210149 PMCID: PMC7406100 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_26_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sperm nucleus is prone to sustain DNA damage before and after ejaculation. Distribution of the damage is not homogeneous, and the factors determining differential sensitivity among nuclear regions have not yet been characterized. Human sperm chromatin contains three structural domains, two of which are considered the most susceptible to DNA damage: the histone bound domain, harboring developmental related genes, and the domain associated with nuclear matrix proteins. Using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approach, we analyzed the number of lesions in genes homeobox A3 (HOXA3), homeobox B5 (HOXB5), sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), β-GLOBIN, rDNA 18S, and rDNA 28S in human sperm after ultraviolet irradiation (400 μW cm−2, 10 min), H2O2 treatment (250 mmol l−1, 20 min), and cryopreservation, which showed differential susceptibility to genetic damage. Differential vulnerability is dependent on the genotoxic agent and independent of the sperm nuclear proteins to which the chromatin is bound and of accessibility to the transcription machinery. Immunodetection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) showed that the highest level of oxidation was observed after H2O2 treatment. The distribution of oxidative lesions also differed depending on the genotoxic agent. 8-OHdG did not colocalize either with histone 3 (H3) or with type IIα + β topoisomerase (TOPO IIα + β) after H2O2 treatment but matched perfectly with peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), which is involved in H2O2 metabolism. Our study reveals that the characteristics of the sperm head domains are responsible for access of the genotoxicants and cause differential degree of damage to nuclear areas, whereas chromatin packaging has a very limited relevance. The histone-enriched genes analyzed cannot be used as biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Rojo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Díez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
| | - Marta Lombó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
| | - María Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
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73
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Saez F, Whitfield M, Drevet JR. Impairment of sperm maturation and capacitation due to diet-dependent cholesterol overload. Andrology 2019; 7:654-661. [PMID: 31161683 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia) are constantly increasing in occidental societies and lead to the development of pathologies such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It has been demonstrated that dyslipidemia can alter the reproductive function. Animal models have recently been used to show that the offspring of dyslipidemic males could also develop such pathologies and that the transgenerational transmission involved post-testicular sperm maturation. These data targeted the essential role of male gamete epididymal maturation and its importance for the health of the offspring. OBJECTIVES This publication summarizes in the first place experimental data obtained using a mouse model of dyslipidemia-induced post-testicular infertility, knockout mice for the two isoforms of the 'Liver X Receptors' (Lxrα;β-/- ), the major regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. The impact of a high cholesterol diet (HCD) on the protein YWHAZ (14-3-3 ζ or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein Zeta) was also investigated in our model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our mouse model, when young fertile Lxrα;β-/- males aged three months were fed four weeks with a HCD, they developed an epididymal phenotype leading to infertility. The level of sperm YWHAZ was evaluated by Western blot and its tyrosine phosphorylation state by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot. RESULTS Our data revealed that sperm lipid composition and structure were altered, leading to defects of the capacitation-associated signaling pathway. They also showed that both the level and the tyrosine phosphorylation state of YWHAZ were affected by the HCD in sperm cells from Lxrα;β-/- males. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION YWHAZ could be a new important regulator of capacitation-associated tyrosine phosphorylation and a marker of dyslipidemia-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Saez
- Team MEPTI (Mécanismes Post-Testiculaires de l'Infertilité), GReD Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Whitfield
- Team MEPTI (Mécanismes Post-Testiculaires de l'Infertilité), GReD Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer, INSERM U1016 - CNRS UMR 8104 - Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - J R Drevet
- Team MEPTI (Mécanismes Post-Testiculaires de l'Infertilité), GReD Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, CRBC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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74
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Efficient isolation, biophysical characterisation and molecular composition of extracellular vesicles secreted by primary and immortalised cells of reproductive origin. Theriogenology 2019; 135:121-137. [PMID: 31207473 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effective communication between the maternal reproductive tract, gametes and the pre-implantation embryo is essential for the successful establishment of pregnancy. Recent studies have recognised extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potent vehicles for intercellular communication, potentially via their transport of microRNAs (miRNAs). The aim of the current investigation was to determine the size, concentration and electrical surface properties (zeta potential) of EVs secreted by; (1) primary cultures of porcine oviductal epithelial cells (POECs) from the isthmus and ampullary regions of the female reproductive tract; (2) Ishikawa and RL95-2 human endometrial epithelial cell line cultures; and (3) the non-reproductive epithelial cell line HEK293T. In addition, this study investigated whether EVs secreted by POECs contained miRNAs. All cell types were cultured in EV-depleted medium for 24 or 48 h. EVs were successfully isolated from conditioned culture media using size exclusion chromatography. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was performed to evaluate EV size, concentration and zeta potential. QRT-PCR was performed to quantify the expression of candidate miRNAs (miR-103, let-7a, miR-19a, miR-203, miR-126, miR-19b, RNU44, miR-92, miR-196a, miR-326 and miR-23a). NTA confirmed the presence of EVs with diameters of 50-150 nm in all cell types. EV size distribution was significantly different between cell types after 24 and 48 h of cell culture and the concentration of EVs secreted by POECs and Ishikawa cells was also time dependent. The distribution of EVs with specific electrokinetic potential measurements varied between cell types, indicating that EVs of differing cellular origin have varied membrane components. In addition, EVs secreted by POECs exhibited significantly different time dependant changes in zeta potential. QRT-PCR confirmed the presence of miR-103, let-7a, miR-19a, miR-203, miR-126, and miR-19b in EVs secreted by POECs (CT ≥ 29). Bioinformatics analysis suggests that these miRNAs are involved in cell proliferation, innate immune responses, apoptosis and cellular migration. In conclusion, reproductive epithelial cells secrete distinct populations of EVs containing miRNAs, which potentially act in intercellular communication in order to modulate the periconception events leading to successful establishment of pregnancy.
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75
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Chen T, Sun Z, Mu S, Jiang L, Li C, Li L, Guo M, Zhang Z, Kang X. Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and the distribution of spermatozoal nuclear histones in the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Stomatopoda). J Morphol 2019; 280:1170-1184. [PMID: 31141207 PMCID: PMC6771690 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda; Crustacea) is one of the most economically important aquatic species of Pacific shrimp and it is distributed from Japan to the coast of China, the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula, and the Hawaiian Islands. Early studies described certain characteristics of spermatogenesis and the sperm ultrastructure in Stomatopoda, but the composition of sperm basic nuclear proteins (SBNPs) remains completely unknown. We studied the sperm ultrastructure of O. oratoria using transmission electron microscopy and the histone composition using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. We found that the spherical nucleus is adjacent to the electron translucent external coat, which occurs in early spermatids. The acrosomal structure begins to form at the junction of the nucleus and the external coat. At the mid-spermatid stage, part of the chromatin appears to be more electron-dense than the external coat side. The aflagellate sperm of O. oratoria, are rounded or slightly ovoid in shape and have a consistent granular nucleus, an acrosome structure of pushpin shape and a spherical vesicular body in which faintly granular material is scattered. The acrosome consists of an acrosomal vesicle, perforatorium, and subacrosomal material. The sperm contains histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, H3.3, H2AX, and H2AZ as well as some histone modifications, that is, H3K9me3, H3K4me2, H3S10ph, H4Kac, and H2A + H4S1ph. Histones are localized not only in the nucleus of the sperm but also in other structures outside the nucleus. The results may provide new perspectives for systematic studies of crustaceans and their sperm chromatin components. These findings extend the study of the sperm structure of Stomatopoda and provide basic data to elucidate the epigenetic mechanism of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shumei Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mingshen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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76
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Evans JP, Wilson AJ, Pilastro A, Garcia-Gonzalez F. Ejaculate-mediated paternal effects: evidence, mechanisms and evolutionary implications. Reproduction 2019; 157:R109-R126. [PMID: 30668523 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite serving the primary objective of ensuring that at least one sperm cell reaches and fertilises an ovum, the male ejaculate (i.e. spermatozoa and seminal fluid) is a compositionally complex 'trait' that can respond phenotypically to subtle changes in conditions. In particular, recent research has shown that environmentally and genetically induced changes to ejaculates can have implications for offspring traits that are independent of the DNA sequence encoded into the sperm's haploid genome. In this review, we compile evidence from several disciplines and numerous taxonomic systems to reveal the extent of such ejaculate-mediated paternal effects (EMPEs). We consider a number of environmental and genetic factors that have been shown to impact offspring phenotypes via ejaculates, and where possible, we highlight the putative mechanistic pathways by which ejaculates can act as conduits for paternal effects. We also highlight how females themselves can influence EMPEs, and in some cases, how maternally derived sources of variance may confound attempts to test for EMPEs. Finally, we consider a range of putative evolutionary implications of EMPEs and suggest a number of potentially useful approaches for exploring these further. Overall, our review confirms that EMPEs are both widespread and varied in their effects, although studies reporting their evolutionary effects are still in their infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alastair J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | | | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Estacion Biologica de Doñana-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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77
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Itoh K, Kondoh G, Miyachi H, Sugai M, Kaneko Y, Kitano S, Watanabe H, Maeda R, Imura A, Liu Y, Ito C, Itohara S, Toshimori K, Fujita J. Dephosphorylation of protamine 2 at serine 56 is crucial for murine sperm maturation in vivo. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/574/eaao7232. [PMID: 30914484 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao7232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of histones is crucial in spermatogenesis, as in other tissues; however, during spermiogenesis, histones are replaced with protamines, which are critical for the tight packaging of the DNA in sperm cells. Protamines are also posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, which prompted our investigation of the underlying mechanisms and biological consequences of their regulation. On the basis of a screen that implicated the heat shock protein Hspa4l in spermatogenesis, we generated mice deficient in Hspa4l (Hspa4l-null mice), which showed male infertility and the malformation of sperm heads. These phenotypes are similar to those of Ppp1cc-deficient mice, and we found that the amount of a testis- and sperm-specific isoform of the Ppp1cc phosphatase (Ppp1cc2) in the chromatin-binding fraction was substantially less in Hspa4l-null spermatozoa than that in those of wild-type mice. We further showed that Ppp1cc2 was a substrate of the chaperones Hsc70 and Hsp70 and that Hspa4l enhanced the release of Ppp1cc2 from these complexes, enabling the freed Ppp1cc2 to localize to chromatin. Pull-down and in vitro phosphatase assays suggested the dephosphorylation of protamine 2 at serine 56 (Prm2 Ser56) by Ppp1cc2. To confirm the biological importance of Prm2 Ser56 dephosphorylation, we mutated Ser56 to alanine in Prm2 (Prm2 S56A). Introduction of this mutation to Hspa4l-null mice (Hspa4l -/-; Prm2 S56A/S56A) restored the malformation of sperm heads and the infertility of Hspa4l -/- mice. The dephosphorylation signal to eliminate phosphate was crucial, and these results unveiled the mechanism and biological relevance of the dephosphorylation of Prm2 for sperm maturation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Itoh
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. .,Division of Medical Equipment Management, Department of Patient Safety, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryota Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Chizuru Ito
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Reproductive Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Toshimori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Reproductive Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Future Medical Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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78
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The effect of Robertsonian translocations on the intranuclear positioning of NORs (nucleolar organizing regions) in human sperm cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2213. [PMID: 30778082 PMCID: PMC6379386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies have described sperm chromosome intranuclear positioning changes in men with reproductive failure and an incorrect somatic karyotype. We studied the influence of Robertsonian translocations on the acrocentric chromosome positioning in human sperm cells. The basis of the analysis was the localization of NORs (nucleolar organizing regions) in sperm nuclei from three Robertsonian translocation carriers, namely, rob(13;22), rob(13;15) and rob(13;14), with a known meiotic segregation pattern. All three carriers presented with a similar percentage of genetically normal sperm cells (i.e., approximately 40%). To visualize NORs, we performed 2D-FISH with directly labelled probes. We used the linear and radial topologies of the nucleus to analyse the NORs distribution. We found an affected positioning of NORs in each case of the Robertsonian translocations. Moreover, the NORs tended to group, most often in two clusters. Both in Robertsonian carriers and control sperm cells, NORs mostly colocalized in the medial areas of the nuclei. In the case of the Roberstonian carriers, NORs were mostly concentrated in the peripheral part of the medial area, in contrast to control sperm cells in which the distribution was more dispersed towards the internal area.
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79
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Morgan CP, Chan JC, Bale TL. Driving the Next Generation: Paternal Lifetime Experiences Transmitted via Extracellular Vesicles and Their Small RNA Cargo. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:164-171. [PMID: 30580777 PMCID: PMC6309802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies provide strong evidence for the impact of diverse paternal life experiences on offspring neurodevelopmental disease risk. While these associations are well established, the molecular mechanisms underlying these intergenerational transmissions remain elusive, though recent studies focusing on the influence of paternal experience before conception have implicated germ cell epigenetic programming. Any model accounting for the germline transfer of nongenetic information from sire to offspring must include certain components, such as 1) a vector to carry any signal from the paternal compartment to the maternal reproductive tract and future embryo; 2) a molecular signal, encoded by a paternal experience, to carry this memory and enact downstream responses; and 3) a target cell or tissue to receive the signal and convert it into an effect on embryonic development. We explore the current understanding of the potential processes and candidate factors that may serve as these components. We specifically discuss the growing appreciation for the importance of extracellular vesicles in these processes, beginning with their known role in delivering potential signals, including small RNAs, to sperm, the prototypical vector, during their posttesticular maturation. Finally, we explore the possibility that paternal extracellular vesicles could themselves serve as vectors, delivering signals not only to gametes or the zygote but also to tissues of the maternal reproductive tract to influence fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer C Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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80
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Distribution of DNA damage in the sperm nucleus: A study of zebrafish as a model of histone-packaged chromatin. Theriogenology 2018; 122:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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81
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Colaco S, Sakkas D. Paternal factors contributing to embryo quality. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1953-1968. [PMID: 30206748 PMCID: PMC6240539 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Advancing maternal and paternal age leads to a decrease in fertility, and hence, many infertile couples opt for assisted reproductive technologies [ART] to achieve biological parenthood. One of the key determinants of achieving a live outcome of ART, embryo quality, depends on both the quality of the oocyte and sperm that have created the embryo. Several studies have explored the effect of oocyte parameters on embryo quality, but the effects of sperm quality on the embryo have not been comprehensively evaluated. METHOD In this review, we assess the effect of various genetic factors of paternal origin on the quality and development of the embryo. RESULTS The effects of sperm aneuploidy, sperm chromatin structure, deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] fragmentation, role of protamines and histones, sperm epigenetic profile, and Y chromosome microdeletions were explored and found to negatively affect embryo quality. CONCLUSION We propose that careful assessment of spermatozoal parameters is essential to achieve embryo development and a healthy live birth. However, the heterogeneity in test results and the different approaches of assessing a single sperm parameter highlight the need for more research and the development of standardized protocols to assess the role of sperm factors affecting embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Colaco
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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82
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Altered three-dimensional organization of sperm genome in DPY19L2-deficient globozoospermic patients. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 36:69-77. [PMID: 30362053 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the three-dimensional (3D) organization of sperm genome in DPY19L2-deficient globozoospermic patients speculating a link between DPY19L2 and genome organization of sperm nucleus. METHODS This is a study of chromatin organization in DPY19L2-deficient globozoospermic patients and healthy donors using three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy followed by 3D image analysis. The 3D structures of sperm nuclei, chromocenter, telomeric regions and chromosome territories (CTs), were reconstructed using IMARIS software, and the relative radial position for each individual signal was calculated. Statistical analysis used a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was appropriate with significance at p < 0.05. RESULTS DPY19L2-deficient globozoospermic patients display impaired sperm chromocenter organization resulting in an increased number of chromocenters (5.4 vs 3.5; p < 0.0001). Moreover, radial positions of telomeres are modified with a more central position in globozoospermic nuclei. 3D-FISH analysis of five chromosome territories (CTs) (X, Y, 7, 17, 18) showed that DPY19L2-deficient globozoospermic sperm nuclei display altered spatial organization of CT X, CT 7 and CT 18. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that DPY19L2 might be considered as a LINC-like protein having a crucial role in the organization of nuclear chromatin in sperm nucleus through its interaction with nuclear lamina. Our results might also explain defective embryonic development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) performed with DPY19L2-deficient globozoospermic sperm.
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83
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Xue J, Gharaibeh RZ, Pietryk EW, Brouwer C, Tarantino LM, Valdar W, Ideraabdullah FY. Impact of vitamin D depletion during development on mouse sperm DNA methylation. Epigenetics 2018; 13:959-974. [PMID: 30239288 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1526027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal environmental conditions during development can substantially alter the epigenome. Stable environmentally-induced changes to the germline epigenome, in particular, have important implications for the health of the next generation. We showed previously that developmental vitamin D depletion (DVD) resulted in loss of DNA methylation at several imprinted loci over two generations. Here, we assessed the impact of DVD on genome-wide methylation in mouse sperm in order to characterize the number, extent and distribution of methylation changes in response to DVD and to find genes that may be susceptible to this prevalent environmental perturbation. We detected 15,827 loci that were differentially methylated in DVD mouse sperm vs. controls. Most epimutations (69%) were loss of methylation, and the extent of methylation change and number of CpGs affected in a region were associated with genic location and baseline methylation state. Methylation response to DVD at validated loci was only detected in offspring that exhibited a phenotypic response to DVD (increased body and testes weight) suggesting the two types of responses are linked, though a causal relationship is unclear. Epimutations localized to regions enriched for developmental and metabolic genes and pathway analyses showed enrichment for Cadherin, Wnt, PDGF and Integrin signaling pathways. These findings show for the first time that vitamin D status during development leads to substantial DNA methylation changes across the sperm genome and that locus susceptibility is linked to genomic and epigenomic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- a Department of Genetics, School of Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,b Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kannapolis , NC , USA
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- c Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics , University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA.,d UNC Charlotte Bioinformatics Service Division , North Carolina Research Campus , Kannapolis , NC , USA.,e Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Edward W Pietryk
- a Department of Genetics, School of Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,b Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kannapolis , NC , USA
| | - Cory Brouwer
- c Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics , University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA.,d UNC Charlotte Bioinformatics Service Division , North Carolina Research Campus , Kannapolis , NC , USA
| | - Lisa M Tarantino
- b Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kannapolis , NC , USA.,f Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,g Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - William Valdar
- b Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kannapolis , NC , USA.,h Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- a Department of Genetics, School of Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,b Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kannapolis , NC , USA.,i Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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84
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Dhawan V, Kumar M, Deka D, Malhotra N, Singh N, Dadhwal V, Dada R. Paternal factors and embryonic development: Role in recurrent pregnancy loss. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13171. [PMID: 30324700 DOI: 10.1111/and.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The events occurring at the maternal-foetal interface define a successful pregnancy but the current paradigm has shifted towards assessing the contribution of spermatozoa for embryogenesis. Spermatozoa with defective DNA integrity may fertilise the oocyte but affect subsequent embryonic development. The present case-control study was conducted in male partners of couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) to assess the gene expression of spermatozoal FOXG1, SOX3, OGG1, PARP1, RPS6, RBM9, RPS17 and RPL29. This was correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI). Semen samples were obtained from 60 cases and 30 fertile controls. Gene expression was done by qPCR analysis, and relative quantification was calculated by the 2-ΔΔCt method. Chemiluminescence and the sperm chromatin structure assay were used to measure the ROS and DFI levels respectively. FOXG1, OGG1, RPS6 and RBM9 were seen to be upregulated, while SOX3 and PARP1 were downregulated. Relative expression of SOX3, OGG1, RPS6 and RPS17 showed a significant difference between patients and controls (p < 0.05). RPL patients were seen to have high ROS (>27.8; p = 0.001) and DFI (>30.7; p < 0.0001) with respect to controls. Sperm transcript dysregulation and oxidative DNA damage can be "carried over" after implantation, thus affecting embryogenesis and health of the future progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhu Dhawan
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipika Deka
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vatsla Dadhwal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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85
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Denomme MM, McCallie BR, Parks JC, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Alterations in the sperm histone-retained epigenome are associated with unexplained male factor infertility and poor blastocyst development in donor oocyte IVF cycles. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:2443-2455. [PMID: 29087470 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a distinct sperm histone-retained epigenetic signature in unexplained male factor infertility patients resulting in compromised blastocyst development? SUMMARY ANSWER Using only donor oocyte IVF cycles, sperm DNA methylation patterns and miRNA profiles were significantly altered in normozoospermic patients resulting in poor blastocyst development, reflecting a subset of unexplained male factor infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Aberrant sperm DNA methylation has been associated with known male factor infertility, particularly noted in oligozoospermic patients. Unexplained male factor infertility remains a significant proportion of in vitro fertilization failures having unknown underlying physiology. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Sperm samples (n = 40) and blastocysts (n = 48) were obtained during fertile donor oocyte IVF cycles with normozoospermic parameters, thereby excluding known female and male infertility factors. Samples were divided into two groups based on blastocyst development (Good Group = ≥20% embryos with D5 grade 'AA' blastocysts, and ≥60% embryos of transferable quality on D5 and D6; Poor Group = ≤10% embryos with D5 grade 'AA' blastocysts, and ≤40% embryos of transferable quality on D5 and D6). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Samples were obtained from patients undergoing IVF treatments with informed consent and institutional review board approval. The Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip microarray was used to identify histone-retained CpG island genes and genomic regions showing differences in sperm DNA methylation between the Good Group and the Poor Group. Pathway and gene network analysis for the significantly altered genes was performed, and targeted DNA methylation validation was completed for 23 genes and two imprinting control regions. Sperm miRNA profiles were assessed using the TaqMan® Human MicroRNA Array Card, with corresponding blastocyst mRNA gene expression examined by qRT-PCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Our study is the first to investigate unexplained male factor infertility while significantly eliminating confounding female factors from our sample population by using only young fertile donor oocytes. We identified 1634 CpG sites located at retained histone CpG island regions that had significant sperm DNA methylation differentials between the two embryogenesis groups (P < 0.05). A largely hypermethylated profile was evident in the Good Group, with a small but distinct and statistically significant shift (P < 0.05) observed in the Poor Group. Genes involved in embryonic development were highly represented among histone-retained CpG sites with decreased methylation in the Poor Group (P < 0.05). Ten significantly altered sperm miRNAs (P < 0.05), correlated with altered target gene mRNA expression in the blastocysts from the Poor Group (P < 0.05). Taken together, significantly impacted sperm miRNA and target transcript levels in blastocysts from the Poor Group may contribute alongside aberrant sperm DNA methylation to the compromised blastocyst development observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our examination of CpG island regions restricted to retained histones represents only a small part of the sperm epigenome. The results observed are descriptive and further studies are needed to elucidate the functional effects of differential sperm DNA methylation on unexplained male factor infertility and blastocyst development. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Slight epigenetic changes in sperm may have a cumulative effect on fertility and embryonic developmental competence. Knowledge of sperm epigenetics and inheritance has important implications for future generations, while providing evidence for potential causes of unexplained male factor infertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was used for this study. None of the authors have any competing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Denomme
- Fertility Labs of Colorado, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree CO, 80124, USA
| | - Blair R McCallie
- Fertility Labs of Colorado, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree CO, 80124, USA
| | - Jason C Parks
- Fertility Labs of Colorado, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree CO, 80124, USA
| | - William B Schoolcraft
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree CO, 80124, USA
| | - Mandy G Katz-Jaffe
- Fertility Labs of Colorado, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree CO, 80124, USA.,Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree CO, 80124, USA
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86
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Hamad MF, Dayyih WAA, Laqqan M, AlKhaled Y, Montenarh M, Hammadeh ME. The status of global DNA methylation in the spermatozoa of smokers and non-smokers. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:581-589. [PMID: 30366840 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does regular smoking affect semen quality and the levels of DNA methylation in mature human spermatozoa? DESIGN Spermatozoa from 109 men were evaluated (55 smokers and 54 non-smokers). DNA was extracted from purified spermatozoa, and DNA methylation was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Global DNA methylation of non-smokers is significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that of smokers (4.85 ± 2.72 and 7.08 ± 1.77 ng/μl, respectively). Moreover, the mean global DNA methylation levels were significantly correlated (r = 0.22;P = 0.02) with non-condensed chromatin in the spermatozoa. Levels of non-condensed chromatin were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in smokers (29.75 ± 9.38%) compared with non-smokers (20.96 ± 11.31%). Furthermore, global sperm DNA methylation was negatively correlated with high significance (P < 0.010) with sperm: count (r = -0.27), motility (r = -0.30) and vitality (r = -0.26). CONCLUSION Smoking interferes with DNA methylation. Also, DNA methylation is significantly correlated with sperm parameters and sperm non-condensed chromatin. These data emphasize another detrimental effect of smoking on male fertility. DNA methylation may, therefore, be considered as a fertility marker in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F Hamad
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; IVF and Andrology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saarland University Hospital, Building 9, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Wael A Abu Dayyih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Laqqan
- IVF and Andrology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saarland University Hospital, Building 9, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany
| | - Yasir AlKhaled
- IVF and Andrology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saarland University Hospital, Building 9, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66424, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mohammed E Hammadeh
- IVF and Andrology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saarland University Hospital, Building 9, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany
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87
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McCarthy DM, Morgan TJ, Lowe SE, Williamson MJ, Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Bhide PG. Nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral impairment in multiple generations of descendants. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006497. [PMID: 30325916 PMCID: PMC6191076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of tobacco products is injurious to health in men and women. However, tobacco use by pregnant women receives greater scrutiny because it can also compromise the health of future generations. More men smoke cigarettes than women. Yet the impact of nicotine use by men upon their descendants has not been as widely scrutinized. We exposed male C57BL/6 mice to nicotine (200 μg/mL in drinking water) for 12 wk and bred the mice with drug-naïve females to produce the F1 generation. Male and female F1 mice were bred with drug-naïve partners to produce the F2 generation. We analyzed spontaneous locomotor activity, working memory, attention, and reversal learning in male and female F1 and F2 mice. Both male and female F1 mice derived from the nicotine-exposed males showed significant increases in spontaneous locomotor activity and significant deficits in reversal learning. The male F1 mice also showed significant deficits in attention, brain monoamine content, and dopamine receptor mRNA expression. Examination of the F2 generation showed that male F2 mice derived from paternally nicotine-exposed female F1 mice had significant deficits in reversal learning. Analysis of epigenetic changes in the spermatozoa of the nicotine-exposed male founders (F0) showed significant changes in global DNA methylation and DNA methylation at promoter regions of the dopamine D2 receptor gene. Our findings show that nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral changes in multiple generations of descendants. Nicotine-induced changes in spermatozoal DNA methylation are a plausible mechanism for the transgenerational transmission of the phenotypes. These findings underscore the need to enlarge the current focus of research and public policy targeting nicotine exposure of pregnant mothers by a more equitable focus on nicotine exposure of the mother and the father.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M. McCarthy
- Center for Brain Repair, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Morgan
- Center for Brain Repair, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Lowe
- Center for Brain Repair, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Williamson
- Center for Brain Repair, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Spencer
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pradeep G. Bhide
- Center for Brain Repair, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
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88
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Pacey A. Is sperm DNA fragmentation a useful test that identifies a treatable cause of male infertility? Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 53:11-19. [PMID: 30482660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present-day laboratory methods of sperm analysis are a poor predictor of reproductive outcome, and for many years it has been clear that newer and better tests are required. Although many such tests have been proposed, only those which determine sperm DNA quality are still being considered. Of these, several tests of sperm DNA fragmentation are available, although there is presently no consensus about the most appropriate test, the best test specimen (fresh or washed sperm) or what level of fragmentation is of clinical concern. Moreover, although several strategies have been proposed to reduce DNA fragmentation, there is no universal approach and few randomised trials have tested these in a clinical context. As such, most professional bodies do not presently support the use of sperm DNA fragmentation tests, and it is clear that large randomised trials are still required to further evaluate their clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Pacey
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Level 4, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, S10 2SF, United Kingdom.
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89
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Klastrup LK, Bak ST, Nielsen AL. The influence of paternal diet on sncRNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:1-11. [PMID: 30229293 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The risk of developing metabolic diseases is conferred by genetic predisposition from risk genes and by environmental exposures that can manifest in epigenetic changes. The global rise in obesity and type II diabetes has motivated a search for the epigenetic factors underlying these diseases. The possibility of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic changes raises questions regarding how spermatozoa transmit acquired epigenetic changes that affect the metabolic health of the next generation. The purpose of this review is to describe current key literature concerning small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), specifically (1) the effects of high-fat or low-protein diets on sncRNA presence in spermatozoa; (2) sncRNA transmission from father to offspring; and (3) the functional effects of inherited sncRNA on offspring metabolic phenotype. Current research has identified alterations in the content of sncRNA subtypes, including microRNA (miRNA), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), and transferRNA (tRNA)-derived small non-coding RNA (tsncRNA), in spermatozoa in response to both high-fat diets and low-protein diets. The altered content of spermatozoa sncRNA due to high-fat diets was associated with a changed phenotype in offspring, with offspring displaying insulin resistance, altered body weight, and glucose intolerance. The altered sncRNA content of spermatozoa due to a low-protein diet was associated with altered levels of lipid metabolites in offspring and decreased expression of specific genes starting in two-cell embryos. The current literature suggests that sncRNAs mediate paternal intergenerational epigenetic inheritance and thus has a direct functional importance, as well as possess biomarker potential, for metabolic diseases. Further research is urgently required to identify the specific sncRNAs with the most profound impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Katrine Klastrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stine Thorhauge Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Lade Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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90
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Hanna CW, Demond H, Kelsey G. Epigenetic regulation in development: is the mouse a good model for the human? Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:556-576. [PMID: 29992283 PMCID: PMC6093373 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, advances in molecular technologies have allowed unprecedented mapping of epigenetic modifications in gametes and during early embryonic development. This work is allowing a detailed genomic analysis, which for the first time can answer long-standing questions about epigenetic regulation and reprogramming, and highlights differences between mouse and human, the implications of which are only beginning to be explored. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this review, we summarise new low-cell molecular methods enabling the interrogation of epigenetic information in gametes and early embryos, the mechanistic insights these have provided, and contrast the findings in mouse and human. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies were identified by PubMed search. OUTCOMES We discuss the levels of epigenetic regulation, from DNA modifications to chromatin organisation, during mouse gametogenesis, fertilisation and pre- and post-implantation development. The recently characterised features of the oocyte epigenome highlight its exceptionally unique regulatory landscape. The chromatin organisation and epigenetic landscape of both gametic genomes are rapidly reprogrammed after fertilisation. This extensive epigenetic remodelling is necessary for zygotic genome activation, but the mechanistic link remains unclear. While the vast majority of epigenetic information from the gametes is erased in pre-implantation development, new insights suggest that repressive histone modifications from the oocyte may mediate a novel mechanism of imprinting. To date, the characterisation of epigenetics in human development has been almost exclusively limited to DNA methylation profiling; these data reinforce that the global dynamics are conserved between mouse and human. However, as we look closer, it is becoming apparent that the mechanisms regulating these dynamics are distinct. These early findings emphasise the importance of investigations of fundamental epigenetic mechanisms in both mouse and humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Failures in epigenetic regulation have been implicated in human disease and infertility. With increasing maternal age and use of reproductive technologies in countries all over the world, it is becoming ever more important to understand the necessary processes required to establish a developmentally competent embryo. Furthermore, it is essential to evaluate the extent to which these epigenetic patterns are sensitive to such technologies and other adverse environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney W Hanna
- Epigenetics programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah Demond
- Epigenetics programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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91
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Anderson R, Moses R, Lenherr S, Hotaling JM, Myers J. Spinal cord injury and male infertility-a review of current literature, knowledge gaps, and future research. Transl Androl Urol 2018; 7:S373-S382. [PMID: 30159244 PMCID: PMC6087847 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects nearly half a million new patients worldwide, with 17,700 in the US each year, and disproportionately impacts young males of reproductive age. Almost every aspect of male reproduction is affected by SCI, resulting in: erectile, endocrine and sexual dysfunction, decreased sperm motility despite an often-normal count, and abnormal semen emission and ejaculation. The aim of this review is to focus on how SCI impacts testicular spermatogenesis, sperm function, semen quality, and overall fecundity while discussing what is not known, and future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rachel Moses
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sara Lenherr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - James M Hotaling
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremy Myers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Barrachina F, Anastasiadi D, Jodar M, Castillo J, Estanyol JM, Piferrer F, Oliva R. Identification of a complex population of chromatin-associated proteins in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sperm. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:502-517. [PMID: 29939100 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1482383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A very common conception about the function of the spermatozoon is that its unique role is to transmit the paternal genome to the next generation. Most of the sperm genome is known to be condensed in many species by protamines, which are small and extremely positively charged proteins (50-70% arginine) with the functions of streamlining the sperm cell and protecting its DNA. However, more recently, it has been shown in mammals that 2-10% of its mature sperm chromatin is also associated to a complex population of histones and chromatin-associated proteins differentially distributed in the genome. These proteins are transferred to the oocyte upon fertilization and may be involved in the epigenetic marking of the paternal genome. However, little information is so far available on the additional potential sperm chromatin proteins present in other protamine-containing non-mammalian vertebrates detected through high-throughput mass spectrometry. Thus, we started the present work with the goal of characterizing the mature sperm proteome of the European sea bass, with a particular focus on the sperm chromatin, chosen as a representative of non-mammalian vertebrate protamine-containing species. Proteins were isolated by acidic extraction from purified sperm cells and from purified sperm nuclei, digested with trypsin, and subsequently the peptides were separated using liquid chromatography and identified through tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 296 proteins were identified. Of interest, the presence of 94 histones and other chromatin-associated proteins was detected, in addition to the protamines. These results provide phylogenetically strategic information, indicating that the coexistence of histones, additional chromatin proteins, and protamines in sperm is not exclusive of mammals, but is also present in other protamine-containing vertebrates. Thus, it indicates that the epigenetic marking of the sperm chromatin, first demonstrated in mammals, could be more fundamental and conserved than previously thought. Abbreviations: AU-PAGE: acetic acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; CPC: chromosomal passenger complex; DTT: dithiothreitol; EGA: embryonic genome activation; FDR: false discovery rate; GO: Gene Ontology; IAA: iodoacetamide; LC: liquid chromatography; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry; MS: mass spectrometry; MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry; MW: molecular weight; PAGE: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TCA: trichloroacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Barrachina
- a Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dafni Anastasiadi
- c Institut de Ciències del Mar , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Meritxell Jodar
- a Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Judit Castillo
- a Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Maria Estanyol
- d Proteomics Unit, Scientific and Technological Centers from the University of Barcelona , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- c Institut de Ciències del Mar , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rafael Oliva
- a Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic , Barcelona , Spain
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93
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Epigenetic paternal effects as costly, condition-dependent traits. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:248-256. [PMID: 29904169 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now recognized that post-copulatory traits, such as sperm and ejaculate production can impose metabolic costs, and such traits are therefore expected to exhibit condition-dependent expression, whereby, low condition individuals experience a greater marginal cost of investment compared to high condition individuals. Ejaculates are especially costly in species where males invest in offspring quality through nutrient-rich spermatophores or other seminal nuptial gifts. However, recent evidence shows that, in species where males do not provision females or offspring, males can still influence offspring development through paternal effects mediated by epigenetic factors, such as non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Because such epigenetic paternal effects do not involve the transfer of substantial quantities of resources, such as nutrients, the costs of conferring such effects have not been considered. Here we argue that if selection favours paternal investment in offspring quality through epigenetic factors, then the epigenetic machinery required to bring about such effects may also be expected to evolve strongly condition-dependent expression. We outline indirect evidence suggesting that epigenetic paternal effects could impose substantial metabolic costs, consider the conditions under which selection may act on such effects, and suggest ways to test for differential costs and condition-dependence of these effects. Incorporating epigenetic paternal effects into condition-dependent life history theory will further our understanding of the heritability of fitness and the evolution of paternal investment strategies.
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94
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Souza ET, Silva CV, Travençolo BAN, Alves BG, Beletti ME. Sperm chromatin alterations in fertile and subfertile bulls. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:177-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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95
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Chan JC, Nugent BM, Bale TL. Parental Advisory: Maternal and Paternal Stress Can Impact Offspring Neurodevelopment. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:886-894. [PMID: 29198470 PMCID: PMC5899063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parental stress exposures are implicated in the risk for offspring neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, prompting critical examination of preconception and prenatal periods as vulnerable to environmental insults such as stress. Evidence from human studies and animal models demonstrates the influence that both maternal and paternal stress exposures have in changing the course of offspring brain development. Mechanistic examination of modes of intergenerational transmission of exposure during pregnancy has pointed to alterations in placental signaling, including changes in inflammatory, nutrient-sensing, and epigenetic pathways. Transmission of preconception paternal stress exposure is associated with changes in epigenetic marks in sperm, with a primary focus on the reprogramming of DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and small noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss evidence supporting the important contribution of intergenerational parental stress in offspring neurodevelopment and disease risk, and the currently known epigenetic mechanisms underlying this transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bridget M Nugent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
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96
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Minas A, Najafi G, Jalali AS, Razi M. Fennel induces cytotoxic effects against testicular germ cells in mice; evidences for suppressed pre-implantation embryo development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:841-850. [PMID: 29761655 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare (FVE; fennel) is an aromatic plant belonging to Umbelliferae family, which is widely used in traditional societies because of its different pharmaceutical properties. To uncover the fennel-derived essential oil (FVEO)-induced effects on male reproductive potential, 24 mature male albino mice were divided into, control, 0.37, 0.75, and 1.5 mg kg-1 FVEO-received groups. Following 35 days, the animals were euthanized and the testicular tissue and sperm samples were collected. The histological alterations, tubular differentiation (TDI), spermiogenesis (SPI) indices, apoptosis ratio, and RNA damage of germinal cells were analyzed. Moreover, the sperm count, motility, viability, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation were assessed. Finally, the pre-implantation embryo development including; the percentage of zygote, 2-cell embryos and blastocysts were assessed. Observations showed that the FVEO, dose dependently, increased histological damages, resulted in germ cells dissociation, depletion, nuclear shrinkage and significantly (P < .05) decreased tubular differentiation and spermiogenesis ratios. Moreover, the FVEO-received animals (more significantly in 1.5 mg kg-1 -received group) exhibited decreased sperm count, viability, and motility and represented enhanced percentage of sperms with decondensed chromatin and DNA fragmentation. Finally, the animals in FVEO-received group showed diminished zygote formation and represented decreased pre-implantation embryo development compared to control animals. In conclusion, our data showed that, FVEO albeit at higher doses, is able to adversely affect cellular DNA and RNA contents, which in turn is able to negatively affect the sperm count and morphology. All these impairments are able to negatively affect the fertilization potential as well as pre-implantation embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Minas
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Shalizar Jalali
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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97
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Zhang JJ, Do HL, Chandimali N, Lee SB, Mok YS, Kim N, Kim SB, Kwon T, Jeong DK. Non-thermal plasma treatment improves chicken sperm motility via the regulation of demethylation levels. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7576. [PMID: 29765100 PMCID: PMC5953930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of avian semen is an important economic trait in poultry production. The present study examines the in vitro effects of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma on chicken sperm to determine the plasma conditions that can produce the optimum sperm quality. Exposure to 11.7 kV of plasma for 20 s is found to produce maximum sperm motility by controlling the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and boosting the release of adenosine triphosphate and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria. However, prolonged exposure or further increase in plasma potential impairs the sperm quality in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Optimal plasma treatment of sperm results in upregulated mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant defense-related and energetic metabolism-related genes by increasing their demethylation levels. However, 27.6 kV of plasma exerts significant adverse effects. Thus, our findings indicate that appropriate plasma exposure conditions improve chicken sperm motility by regulating demethylation levels of genes involved in antioxidant defense and energetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Luong Do
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Mok
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bong Kim
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-Do, 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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98
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Zhong Y, Liu DL, Ahmed MMM, Li PH, Zhou XL, Xie QD, Xu XQ, Han TT, Hou ZW, Huang JH, Xu L, Huang TH. Transcription and regulation of hepatitis B virus genes in host sperm cells. Asian J Androl 2018; 20:284-289. [PMID: 29111540 PMCID: PMC5952484 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_46_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether transcription of hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene occurs in human sperm, total RNA was extracted from sperm of patients with chronic HBV infection (test-1), from donor sperm transfected with a plasmid containing the full-length HBV genome (test-2), and from nontransfected donor sperm (control), used as the template for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive bands for HBV DNA were observed in the test groups but not in the control. Next, to identify the role of host genes in regulating viral gene transcription in sperm, total RNA was extracted from 2-cell embryos derived from hamster oocytes fertilized in vitro by HBV-transfected (test) or nontransfected (control) human sperm and successively subjected to SMART-PCR, suppression subtractive hybridization, T/A cloning, bacterial amplification, microarray hybridization, sequencing and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search to isolate differentially expressed genes. Twenty-nine sequences showing significant identity to five human gene families were identified, with chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 (CSH2), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 (EIF4G2), pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 2 (PCBD2), pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 4 (PSG4) and titin (TTN) selected to represent target genes. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), when CSH2 and PCBD2 (or EIF4G2, PSG4 and TTN) were silenced by RNA interference, transcriptional levels of HBV s and x genes significantly decreased (or increased) (P < 0.05). Silencing of a control gene in sperm did not significantly change transcription of HBV s and x genes (P > 0.05). This study provides the first experimental evidence that transcription of HBV genes occurs in human sperm and is regulated by host genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- Department of Genetics, Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Dong-Ling Liu
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Mohamed Morsi M Ahmed
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Peng-Hao Li
- Department of Genetics, Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhou
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qing-Dong Xie
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xu
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ting-Ting Han
- Department of Genetics, Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Hou
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ji-Hua Huang
- Department of Genetics, Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Tian-Hua Huang
- Department of Genetics, Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
- Correspondence: Dr. TH Huang ()
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99
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McSwiggin HM, O'Doherty AM. Epigenetic reprogramming during spermatogenesis and male factor infertility. Reproduction 2018; 156:R9-R21. [PMID: 29717022 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is an often devastating diagnosis encountered by around one in six couples who are trying to conceive. Moving away from the long-held belief that infertility is primarily a female issue, it is now recognised that half, if not more, of these cases may be due to male factors. Recent evidence has suggested that epigenetic abnormalities in chromatin dynamics, DNA methylation or sperm-borne RNAs may contribute to male infertility. In light of advances in deep sequencing technologies, researchers have been able to increase the coverage and depth of sequencing results, which in turn has allowed more comprehensive analyses of spermatozoa chromatin dynamics and methylomes and enabled the discovery of new subsets of sperm RNAs. This review examines the most current literature related to epigenetic processes in the male germline and the associations of aberrant modifications with fertility and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M McSwiggin
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno, North Virginia, USA
| | - A M O'Doherty
- Animal Genomics LaboratoryUCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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100
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Gaspard O, Vanderzwalmen P, Wirleitner B, Ravet S, Wenders F, Eichel V, Mocková A, Spitzer D, Jouan C, Gridelet V, Martens H, Henry L, Zech H, d'Hauterive SP, Nisolle M. Impact of high magnification sperm selection on neonatal outcomes: a retrospective study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1113-1121. [PMID: 29607458 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the deselection of spermatozoa presenting vacuole-like structures using IMSI (intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection) with ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) by means of neonatal outcomes. METHODS In a retrospective two-center analysis, a total of 848 successful IMSI or ICSI cycles ending with a live birth, induced abortion, or intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) were included. RESULTS The IMSI and ICSI groups included 332 and 655 babies or fetuses, respectively. The parents were older in the IMSI group than in the ICSI group (mothers were 35.1 vs 32.9 years, and fathers were 39.1 vs 36.2 years). The multiple pregnancy rate was higher in the IMSI group. The mean pregnancy duration and mean birth weight were almost identical in both groups. There was no significant difference in major congenital malformations between the two groups. However, this rate was decreased in the IMSI group compared to that in the ICSI group (1.8 vs 3.2%), the difference being mainly found in singletons (1.4 vs 3.3%). Boys were more often affected than girls in both groups. The percentages of chromosomal abnormalities did not differ between the IMSI and ICSI groups (0.6 and 0.8%). The reported congenital malformations mainly affected the heart, urogenital, and musculoskeletal systems. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, the malformation rates observed in the IMSI and ICSI groups were not significantly different, even if slightly lower after IMSI. However, the observed difference followed the same trends observed in previous reports, indicating the possible impact of IMSI on decreasing congenital malformation occurrences. This highlights the necessity to prospectively evaluate the impact of IMSI on neonatal outcome after IVF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gaspard
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Stéphanie Ravet
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Wenders
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Alice Mocková
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Caroline Jouan
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Gridelet
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium.,GIGA I3, Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Henri Martens
- GIGA I3, Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurie Henry
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Herbert Zech
- IVF-Centers Prof. Zech, Bregenz, Austria.,IVF-Centers Prof. Zech, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sophie Perrier d'Hauterive
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle Nisolle
- Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée - ULiège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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