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Rastakhiz S, Yazdani M, Shariat S, Arab A, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Barati N, Mansourian M, Amin M, Abbasi A, Saberi Z, Jalali SA, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Preparation of nanoliposomes linked to HER2/neu-derived (P5) peptide containing MPL adjuvant as vaccine against breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1294-1303. [PMID: 30378147 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed at evaluating antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of liposomal vaccine composed of P5 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu-derived peptide coupled to the surface of high-temperature nanoliposomes containing distearoylphosphocholine:distearoylphosphoglycerol:Chol:dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) comprising monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) adjuvant in HER2/neu overexpressing the breast cancer model. BALB/c mice bearing TUBO carcinoma were subcutaneously immunized with formulations containing 10 µg P5 peptide and 25 µg MPL three times with 2-week intervals. To determine immuno responses in immunized mice, the amount of released interferon-γ and IL-4 were measured by the enzyme-linked immunospot method and the flow cytometric analysis on the isolated splenocytes. The results demonstrated that tumor-bearing mice immunized with Lip/DOPE/MPL/P5 formulation had the most released interferon-γ and the highest cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses that led to the lowest tumor size and the longest survival time than those of other formulations. The results achieved by Lip/DOPE/MPL/P5 formulation could make it a suitable candidate to induce effective antigen-specific tumor immunity against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Rastakhiz
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Yazdani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sheida Shariat
- School of pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Arab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nastaran Barati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mercedeh Mansourian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohamdreza Amin
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Azam Abbasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Saberi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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52
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Guo X, Zheng Q, Jiang X, Wu C, Zhang T, Wang D, Wang X, Liu T, Wang N, Jiang Y, Li D, Ren G. The composite biological adjuvants enhance immune response of porcine circovirus type2 vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2019; 228:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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53
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Hayashi T, Momota M, Kuroda E, Kusakabe T, Kobari S, Makisaka K, Ohno Y, Suzuki Y, Nakagawa F, Lee MSJ, Coban C, Onodera R, Higashi T, Motoyama K, Ishii KJ, Arima H. DAMP-Inducing Adjuvant and PAMP Adjuvants Parallelly Enhance Protective Type-2 and Type-1 Immune Responses to Influenza Split Vaccination. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2619. [PMID: 30515151 PMCID: PMC6255964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD), a common pharmaceutical additive, can act as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance protective type-2 immunogenicity to co-administered seasonal influenza split vaccine by inducing host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, like most other DAMP-inducing adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide (Alum), HP-β-CyD may not be sufficient for the induction of protective type-1 (cellular) immune responses, thereby leaving room for improvement. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of HP-β-CyD with a humanized TLR9 agonist, K3 CpG-ODN, a potent pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), enhanced the protective efficacy of the co-administered influenza split vaccine by inducing antigen-specific type-2 and type-1 immune responses, respectively. Moreover, substantial antigen-specific IgE induction by HP-β-CyD, which can cause an allergic response to immunized antigen was completely suppressed by the addition of K3 CpG-ODN. Furthermore, HP-β-CyD- and K3 CpG-ODN-adjuvanted influenza split vaccination protected the mice against lethal challenge with high doses of heterologous influenza virus, which could not be protected against by single adjuvant vaccines. Further experiments using gene deficient mice revealed the unique immunological mechanism of action in vivo, where type-2 and type-1 immune responses enhanced by the combined adjuvants were dependent on TBK1 and TLR9, respectively, indicating their parallel signaling pathways. Finally, the analysis of immune responses in the draining lymph node suggested that HP-β-CyD promotes the uptake of K3 CpG-ODN by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, which may contributes to the activation of these cells and enhanced production of IgG2c. Taken together, the results above may offer potential clinical applications for the combination of DAMP-inducing adjuvant and PAMP adjuvant to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy by enhancing both type-2 and type-1 immune responses in a parallel manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hayashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobari
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Makisaka
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools “Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Global Oriented Program”, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakagawa
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Michelle S. J. Lee
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Building Regional Innovation Ecosystems, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools “Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Global Oriented Program”, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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54
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Immunoinformatics Approach for Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design and Active Site Prediction against Polyprotein of Emerging Oropouche Virus. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6718083. [PMID: 30402510 PMCID: PMC6196980 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6718083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging pathogen which causes Oropouche fever and meningitis in humans. Several outbreaks of OROV in South America, especially in Brazil, have changed its status as an emerging disease, but no vaccine or specific drug target is available yet. Our approach was to identify the epitope-based vaccine candidates as well as the ligand-binding pockets through the use of immunoinformatics. In this report, we identified both T-cell and B-cell epitopes of the most antigenic OROV polyprotein with the potential to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Eighteen highly antigenic and immunogenic CD8+ T-cell epitopes were identified, including three 100% conserved epitopes (TSSWGCEEY, CSMCGLIHY, and LAIDTGCLY) as the potential vaccine candidates. The selected epitopes showed 95.77% coverage for the mixed Brazilian population. The docking simulation ensured the binding interaction with high affinity. A total of five highly conserved and nontoxic linear B-cell epitopes "NQKIDLSQL," "HPLSTSQIGDRC," "SHCNLEFTAITADKIMSL," "PEKIPAKEGWLTFSKEHTSSW," and "HHYKPTKNLPHVVPRYH" were selected as potential vaccine candidates. The predicted eight conformational B-cell epitopes represent the accessibility for the entered virus. In the posttherapeutic strategy, ten ligand-binding pockets were identified for effective inhibitor design against emerging OROV infection. Collectively, this research provides novel candidates for epitope-based peptide vaccine design against OROV.
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55
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Jain S, George PJ, Deng W, Koussa J, Parkhouse K, Hensley SE, Jiang J, Lu J, Liu Z, Wei J, Zhan B, Bottazzi ME, Shen H, Lustigman S. The parasite-derived rOv-ASP-1 is an effective antigen-sparing CD4 + T cell-dependent adjuvant for the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, and functions in the absence of MyD88 pathway. Vaccine 2018; 36:3650-3665. [PMID: 29764680 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the most cost-effective biomedical approach for controlling influenza disease. In times of pandemics, however, these vaccines cannot be produced in sufficient quantities for worldwide use by the current manufacturing capacities and practices. What is needed is the development of adjuvanted vaccines capable of inducing an adequate or better immune response at a decreased antigen dose. Previously we showed that the protein adjuvant rOv-ASP-1 augments influenza-specific antibody titers and survival after virus challenge in both young adult and old-age mice when administered with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3). In this study we show that a reduced amount of rOv-ASP-1, with 40-times less IIV3 can also induce protection. Apparently the potency of the rOv-ASP-1 adjuvanted IIV3 vaccine is independent of the IIV3-specific Th1/Th2 associated antibody responses, and independent of the presence of HAI antibodies. However, CD4+ T helper cells were indispensable for the protection. Further, rOv-ASP-1 with or without IIV3 elicited the increased level of various chemokines, which are known chemoattractant for immune cells, into the muscle 4 h after immunization, and significantly induced the recruitment of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils into the muscles. The recruited monocytes had higher expression of the activation marker MHCII on their surface as well as CXCR3 and CCR2; receptors for IP-10 and MCP-1, respectively. These results show that the rOv-ASP-1 adjuvant allows substantial antigen sparing of IIV3 by stimulating at the site of injection the accumulation of chemokines and the recruitment of immune cells that can augment the activation of CD4+ T cell immune responses, essential for the production of antibody responses. Protection elicited by the rOv-ASP-1 adjuvanted IIV3 vaccine also appears to function in the absence of MyD88-signaling. Future studies will attempt to delineate the precise mechanisms by which the rOv-ASP-1 adjuvanted IIV3 vaccine works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jain
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Parakkal Jovvian George
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Wanyan Deng
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 100045, China; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Joseph Koussa
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States; Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kaela Parkhouse
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jiu Jiang
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 400715, China
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Junfei Wei
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Bin Zhan
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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56
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Lebre F, Pedroso de Lima MC, Lavelle EC, Borges O. Mechanistic study of the adjuvant effect of chitosan-aluminum nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:7-15. [PMID: 30244149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of tailored particle-based adjuvants constitutes a promising way to enhance antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. However, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying their adjuvanticity is crucial to generate more effective vaccines. We studied the ability of chitosan-aluminum nanoparticles (CH-Al NPs), which combine the immunostimulatory effects of chitosan and aluminum salts, to promote dendritic cell activation, assess their impact on innate and adaptive immune responses, and compare the results to those reported for conventional chitosan particles (CH-Na NPs). All tested CH-NP formulations were capable of modulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells. CH-Al NPs promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation, enhancing the release of IL-1β without significantly inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell-polarizing cytokines, IL-12p70 or IL-23, and induced DC maturation, but did not promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production on their own. In vivo results showed that mice injected with CH-Al NPs generated a local inflammatory response comparable to that elicited by the vaccine adjuvant alum. Importantly, after subcutaneous immunization with CH-Al NPs combined with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), mice developed antigen-specific IgG titers in serum, nasal and vaginal washes. Overall, our results established CH-Al NPs as a potential adjuvant to enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lebre
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland; Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - M C Pedroso de Lima
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland; Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - O Borges
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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57
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Muñoz-Wolf N, Lavelle EC. A Guide to IL-1 family cytokines in adjuvanticity. FEBS J 2018; 285:2377-2401. [PMID: 29656546 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing awareness of the multiplicity of roles for the IL-1 family in immune regulation has prompted research exploring these cytokines in the context of vaccine-induced immunity. While tightly regulated, cytokines of the IL-1 family are normally released in response to cellular stress and in combination with other danger-/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering potent local and systemic immune responses. In the context of infection or autoimmunity, engagement of IL-1 family receptors links robust innate responses to adaptive immunity. Clinical and experimental evidence has revealed that many vaccine adjuvants induce the release of one or multiple IL-1 family cytokines. The coordinated release of IL-1 family members in response to adjuvant-induced damage or cell death may be a determining factor in the transition from local inflammation to the induction of an adaptive response. Here, we analyse the effects of IL-1 family cytokines on innate and adaptive immunity with a particular emphasis on activation of antigen-presenting cells and induction of T cell-mediated immunity, and we address in detail the contribution of these cytokines to the modes of action of vaccine adjuvants including those currently approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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58
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Tan K, Li R, Huang X, Liu Q. Outer Membrane Vesicles: Current Status and Future Direction of These Novel Vaccine Adjuvants. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 29755431 PMCID: PMC5932156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants have been of great interest to vaccine formulation as immune-stimulators. Prior to the recent research in the field of immune stimulation, conventional adjuvants utilized for aluminum-based vaccinations dominated the adjuvant market. However, these conventional adjuvants have demonstrated obvious defects, including poor protective efficiency and potential side effects, which hindered their widespread circulation. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) naturally exist in gram-negative bacteria and are capable of engaging innate and adaptive immunity and possess intrinsic adjuvant capacity. They have shown tremendous potential for adjuvant application and have recently been successfully applied in various vaccine platforms. Adjuvants could be highly effective with the introduction of OMVs, providing complete immunity and with the benefits of low toxicity; further, OMVs might also be designed as an advanced mucosal delivery vehicle for use as a vaccine carrier. In this review, we discuss adjuvant development, and provide an overview of novel OMV adjuvants and delivery vehicles. We also suggest future directions for adjuvant research. Overall, we believe that OMV adjuvants would find high value in vaccine formulation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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59
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Fukushima Y, Okamoto M, Ishikawa K, Kouwaki T, Tsukamoto H, Oshiumi H. Activation of TLR3 and its adaptor TICAM-1 increases miR-21 levels in extracellular vesicles released from human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:744-750. [PMID: 29679565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizes viral RNAs and trigger the innate immune responses. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a PRR, recognizes viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in endolysosomes, whereas cytoplasmic dsRNA is sensed by another PRR, MDA5. TLR3 and MDA5 utilize TICAM-1 and MAVS, respectively, to trigger the signal for inducing innate immune responses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include the exosomes and microvesicles; an accumulating body of evidence has shown that EVs delivers functional RNA, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), to other cells and thus mediate intercellular communications. Therefore, EVs carrying miRNAs affect innate immune responses in macrophages and dendritic cells. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of miRNA levels in EVs remains unclear. To elucidate the mechanism, we sought to reveal the pathway that control miRNA expression levels in EVs. Here, we found that TLR3 stimulation increased miR-21 levels in EVs released from various types of human cells. Ectopic expression of the TLR3 adaptor, TICAM-1, increased miR-21 levels in EVs but not intracellular miR-21 levels, suggesting that TICAM-1 augmented sorting of miR-21 to EVs. In contrast, the MDA5 adaptor, MAVS, did not increase miR-21 levels in EVs. The siRNA for TICAM-1 reduced EV miR-21 levels after stimulation of TLR3. Collectively, our data indicate a novel role of the TLR3-TICAM-1 pathway in controlling miR-21 levels in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Fukushima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kana Ishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kouwaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; JST PRESTO, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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60
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Ciabattini A, Pettini E, Fiorino F, Lucchesi S, Pastore G, Brunetti J, Santoro F, Andersen P, Bracci L, Pozzi G, Medaglini D. Heterologous Prime-Boost Combinations Highlight the Crucial Role of Adjuvant in Priming the Immune System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:380. [PMID: 29593710 PMCID: PMC5857569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction and modulation of the immune response to vaccination can be rationally designed by combining different vaccine formulations for priming and boosting. Here, we investigated the impact of heterologous prime-boost approaches on the vaccine-specific cellular and humoral responses specific for a mycobacterial vaccine antigen. C57BL/6 mice were primed with the chimeric vaccine antigen H56 administered alone or with the CAF01 adjuvant, and boosted with H56 alone, or combined with CAF01 or with the squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant (o/w squalene). A strong secondary H56-specific CD4+ T cell response was recalled by all the booster vaccine formulations when mice had been primed with H56 and CAF01, but not with H56 alone. The polyfunctional nature of T helper cells was analyzed and visualized with the multidimensional flow cytometry FlowSOM software, implemented as a package of the R environment. A similar cytokine profile was detected in groups primed with H56 + CAF01 and boosted with or without adjuvant, except for some clusters of cells expressing high level of IL-17 together with TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ, that were significantly upregulated only in groups boosted with the adjuvants. On the contrary, the comparison between groups primed with or without the adjuvant showed a completely different clusterization of cells, strengthening the impact of the formulation used for primary immunization on the profiling of responding cells. The presence of the CAF01 adjuvant in the priming formulation deeply affected also the secondary humoral response, especially in groups boosted with H56 alone or o/w squalene. In conclusion, the presence of CAF01 adjuvant in the primary immunization is crucial for promoting primary T and B cell responses that can be efficiently reactivated by booster immunization also performed with antigen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Pettini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Lucchesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabiria Pastore
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- U&E PreMed Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luisa Bracci
- U&E PreMed Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Sahu R, Verma R, Dixit S, Igietseme JU, Black CM, Duncan S, Singh SR, Dennis VA. Future of human Chlamydia vaccine: potential of self-adjuvanting biodegradable nanoparticles as safe vaccine delivery vehicles. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:217-227. [PMID: 29382248 PMCID: PMC6330895 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1435279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a persisting global burden and considerable public health challenge by the plethora of ocular, genital and respiratory diseases caused by members of the Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Chlamydia. The major diseases are conjunctivitis and blinding trachoma, non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal factor infertility, and interstitial pneumonia. The failures in screening and other prevention programs led to the current medical opinion that an efficacious prophylactic vaccine is the best approach to protect humans from chlamydial infections. Unfortunately, there is no human Chlamydia vaccine despite successful veterinary vaccines. A major challenge has been the effective delivery of vaccine antigens to induce safe and effective immune effectors to confer long-term protective immunity. The dawn of the era of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles and the adjuvanted derivatives may accelerate the realization of the dream of human vaccine in the foreseeable future. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the current status of human chlamydial vaccine research, specifically the potential of biodegradable polymeric nanovaccines to provide efficacious Chlamydia vaccines in the near future. EXPERT COMMENTARY The safety of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles-based experimental vaccines with or without adjuvants and the array of available chlamydial vaccine candidates would suggest that clinical trials in humans may be imminent. Also, the promising results from vaccine testing in animal models could lead to human vaccines against trachoma and reproductive diseases simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Sahu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Richa Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Joseph U. Igietseme
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Black
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Skyla Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Shree R Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
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Molecular adjuvants that modulate regulatory T cell function in vaccination: A critical appraisal. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:237-250. [PMID: 29175113 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are substances used to enhance the efficacy of vaccines. They influence the magnitude and alter the quality of the adaptive immune response to vaccine antigens by amplifying or modulating different signals involved in the innate immune response. The majority of known adjuvants have been empirically identified. The limited immunogenicity of new vaccine antigens and the need for safer vaccines have increased the importance of identifying single, well-defined adjuvants with known cellular and molecular mechanisms for rational vaccine design. Depletion or functional inhibition of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) by molecular adjuvants has become an emergent approach in this field. Different successful results have been obtained for specific vaccines, but there are still unresolved issues such as the risk of autoimmune disease induction, the involvement of cells other than Tregs and optimization for different conditions. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of current approaches to inhibit Tregs with molecular adjuvants for vaccine improvement, highlights the progress being made, and describes ongoing challenges.
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MacDonald LD, MacKay A, Kaliaperumal V, Weir G, Penwell A, Rajagopalan R, Langley JM, Halperin S, Mansour M, Stanford MM. Type III hypersensitivity reactions to a B cell epitope antigen are abrogated using a depot forming vaccine platform. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:59-66. [PMID: 28933663 PMCID: PMC5791585 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1375637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide antigens are combined with an adjuvant in order to increase immunogenicity in vivo. The immunogenicity and safety of a RSV vaccine formulated in a novel oil-based platform, DepoVax™ (DPX), was compared to an alum formulation. A peptide B cell epitope derived from RSV small hydrophobic ectodomain (SHe) served as the antigen. Both vaccines induced SHe-specific antibodies after immunization of mice. A single dose of the DPX-based formulation resulted in anti-SHe titres for up to 20 weeks. Boosting with Alum-SHe, but not with DPX-SHe, led to unexpected clinical signs such as decreased activity, cyanosis and drop in body temperature in mice but not in rabbits. The severity of adverse reactions correlated with magnitude of SHe-specific IgG immune responses and decreased complement component 3 plasma levels, indicating a type III hypersensitivity reaction. By RP-HPLC analysis, we found that only 8-20% of the antigen was found to be adsorbed to alum in vitro, indicating that this antigen is likely released systemically upon injection in vivo. Clinical signs were not observed in rabbits, indicating the response correlates with peptide dose relative to size of animal. These results suggest that peptide antigens targeted to produce B cell mediated response may result in increased incidence of type III hypersensitivity reactions when delivered in non-depot forming vaccines. The DPX formulation induced strong antibody titres to the antigen without causing adverse events, likely due to the strength of the depot in vivo, and demonstrates the potential safety and immunogenicity of this platform for B cell peptide antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alecia MacKay
- a Immunovaccine Inc. , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanne M Langley
- b Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.,c Department of Pediatrics , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.,d Community Health and Epidemiology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Scott Halperin
- b Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.,c Department of Pediatrics , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.,e Microbiology and Immunology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Marc Mansour
- a Immunovaccine Inc. , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Marianne M Stanford
- a Immunovaccine Inc. , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.,b Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.,e Microbiology and Immunology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
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64
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Vaccine adjuvants: smart components to boost the immune system. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1238-1248. [PMID: 29027637 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective approach to prevent the consequences of infectious diseases. Vaccines strengthen immunity and make individuals resistant to infections with pathogens. Although conventional vaccines are highly immunogenic, they are associated with some safety issues. Subunit vaccines are safe, but they require adjuvants to stimulate the immune system because of their weaker immunogenicity. Adjuvants are entities incorporated into vaccines to increase the immunogenic responses of antigens. They play a crucial role in increasing the potency and efficacy of vaccines. Different adjuvants have different modes of action; therefore, a better understanding of their immunology could provide guidance for the development of novel adjuvants. Numerous studies have been conducted using different types of adjuvants to characterize their potency and safety; however, in practice, only few are used in human or animal vaccines. This review aims to introduce the different modes of action of adjuvants and give insight into the types of adjuvants that possess the greatest potential for adjuvanticity.
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Lin Y, Wang X, Huang X, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as a new generation vaccine adjuvant. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:895-906. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1355733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
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66
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Li B, Yuan H, Chen L, Sun H, Hu J, Wei S, Zhao Z, Zou Q, Wu C. The influence of adjuvant on UreB protection against Helicobacter pylori through the diversity of CD4+ T-cell epitope repertoire. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68138-68152. [PMID: 28978104 PMCID: PMC5620244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are widely used to enhance the effects of vaccines against pathogen infections. Interestingly, different adjuvants and vaccination routes usually induce dissimilar immune responses, and can even have completely opposite effects. The mechanism remains unclear. In this study, urease B subunit (UreB), an antigen of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) that can induce protective immune responses, was used as a model to vaccinate mice. We investigated the effects of different adjuvants and routes on consequent T cell epitope-specific targeting and protection against H. pylori infection. Comparison of the protective effects of UreB, administered either subcutaneously (sc) or intranasally (in), with the adjuvants AddaVax (sc), Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA; sc), or CpG oligonucleotide (CpG; sc or in), indicated that only CFA (sc) and CpG (in) were protective. Protective vaccines induced T cells targeting epitopes that differed from that targeted by control vaccination. Subsequent peptide vaccination demonstrated that only two of the identified epitopes were protective: UreB373–385 and UreB317–329. Overall, we found that both adjuvant and vaccination route affected the T cell response repertoire to antigen epitopes. The data obtained in this study contribute to improved characterization of the relationship between adjuvants, routes of vaccination, and epitope-specific T cell response repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hanmei Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Heqiang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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67
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Association of chitosan and aluminium as a new adjuvant strategy for improved vaccination. Int J Pharm 2017; 527:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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68
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Nazmi A, Hauck R, Davis A, Hildebrand M, Corbeil L, Gallardo R. Diatoms and diatomaceous earth as novel poultry vaccine adjuvants. Poult Sci 2017; 96:288-294. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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69
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Abstract
Immune adjuvants, such as ligands for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), have been showing promise in boosting immune responses to tumor associated antigens, and delivering these adjuvants as discrete packages is considered advantageous over delivery in soluble form. Here we describe in detail, methods for independently loading a range of adjuvants into polymer-based biodegradable particles. We also describe the means by which to characterize these particles with respect to adjuvant loading and release kinetics as well as in terms of particle size, shape, and zeta-potential. These adjuvant-loaded particles have the potential to be used in dendritic cell-based uptake experiments performed in vitro or to be used in preclinical cancer vaccine research applications where they can be co-delivered with antigen-loaded particles or some other vaccine component comprising antigenic material.
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70
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Shah RR, Hassett KJ, Brito LA. Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Introduction, History, and Current Status. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1494:1-13. [PMID: 27718182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6445-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are included in sub-unit or recombinant vaccines to enhance the potency of poorly immunogenic antigens. Adjuvant discovery is as complex as it is a multidiscplinary intersection of formulation science, immunology, toxicology, and biology. Adjuvants such as alum, which have been in use for the past 90 years, have illustrated that adjuvant research is a methodical process. As science advances, new analytical tools are developed which allows us to delve deeper into the various mechanisms that generates a potent immune response. Additionally, these new techniques help the field learn about our existing vaccines and what makes them safe, and effective, allowing us to leverage that in the next generation of vaccines. Our goal in this chapter is to define the concept, need, and mechanism of adjuvants in the vaccine field while describing its history, present use, and future prospects. More details on individual adjuvants and their formulation, development, mechanism, and use will be covered in depth in the next chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi R Shah
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Luis A Brito
- Moderna Therapeutics, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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71
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Preparation of Multifunctional Liposomes as a Stable Vaccine Delivery-Adjuvant System by Procedure of Emulsification-Lyophilization. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:635-649. [PMID: 27076327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have been proven to be useful carriers for vaccine antigens and can be modified as a versatile vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). To fulfill efficiently both functions of adjuvant and delivery, the liposomes are often modified with different functional molecules, such as lipoidal immunopotentiators, APC (antigen-presenting cell) targeting ligands, steric stabilization polymers, and charged lipids. Also, to overcome the weakness of instability, vaccines are often lyophilized as a dry product. In this chapter the procedure of emulsification-lyophilization (PEL) is introduced as an efficient method for preparing a stable anhydrous precursor to the multifunctional liposomes which bear dual modifications with APC targeting molecule of the mannosylated cholesterol and the adjuvant material of monophosphoryl lipid A. The techniques and procedures for synthesis of APC targeting molecule, i.e., the mannosylated cholesterol, and for characterization of the multifunctional liposomes are also described.
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72
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A novel rabies virus lipopeptide provides a better protection by improving the magnitude of DCs activation and T cell responses. Virus Res 2016; 221:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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73
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Hoft DF, Lottenbach K, Goll JB, Hill H, Winokur PL, Patel SM, Brady RC, Chen WH, Edwards K, Creech CB, Frey SE, Blevins TP, Salomon R, Belshe RB. Priming Vaccination With Influenza Virus H5 Hemagglutinin Antigen Significantly Increases the Duration of T cell Responses Induced by a Heterologous H5 Booster Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1020-9. [PMID: 27443611 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A(H5N1) virus and other avian influenza virus strains represent major pandemic threats. Like all influenza A virus strains, A(H5N1) viruses evolve rapidly. Innovative immunization strategies are needed to induce cross-protective immunity. METHODS Subjects primed with clade 1 H5 antigen, with or without adjuvant, and H5-naive individuals were boosted with clade 2 H5 antigen. The impact of priming on T cells capable of both proliferation and cytokine production after antigen restimulation was assessed. RESULTS Subjects previously vaccinated with clade 1 H5 antigen developed significantly enhanced clade 2 H5 cross-reactive T cell responses detectable 6 months after vaccination with clade 2 H5 antigen. Priming dose (15 µg vs 45 or 90 µg) had no effect on magnitude of heterotypic H5 T cell responses. In contrast, age at priming negatively modulated both the magnitude and duration of heterotypic H5 T cell responses. Elderly subjects developed significantly less heterotypic H5 T cell boosting, predominantly for T cells capable of cytokine production. Adjuvant had a positive albeit weaker effect than age. The magnitude of CD4(+) interferon-γ producing T cells correlated with H5 antibody responses. CONCLUSIONS H5 heterotypic priming prior to onset of an A(H5N1) pandemic may increase magnitude and duration of immunity against a newly drifted pandemic H5 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Patricia L Winokur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and Iowa City VA Healthcare System
| | - Shital M Patel
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca C Brady
- Gamble Program for Clinical Studies, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Ohio
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Kathryn Edwards
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sharon E Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri
| | - Tamara P Blevins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri
| | - Rachelle Salomon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert B Belshe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri
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74
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Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4133-42. [PMID: 27382155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600299113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have had broad medical impact, but existing vaccine technologies and production methods are limited in their ability to respond rapidly to evolving and emerging pathogens, or sudden outbreaks. Here, we develop a rapid-response, fully synthetic, single-dose, adjuvant-free dendrimer nanoparticle vaccine platform wherein antigens are encoded by encapsulated mRNA replicons. To our knowledge, this system is the first capable of generating protective immunity against a broad spectrum of lethal pathogen challenges, including H1N1 influenza, Toxoplasma gondii, and Ebola virus. The vaccine can be formed with multiple antigen-expressing replicons, and is capable of eliciting both CD8(+) T-cell and antibody responses. The ability to generate viable, contaminant-free vaccines within days, to single or multiple antigens, may have broad utility for a range of diseases.
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75
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Lebre F, Hearnden CH, Lavelle EC. Modulation of Immune Responses by Particulate Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5525-5541. [PMID: 27167228 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many biomaterials that are in both preclinical and clinical use are particulate in nature and there is a growing appreciation that the physicochemical properties of materials have a significant impact on their efficacy. The ability of particulates to modulate adaptive immune responses has been recognized for the past century but it is only in recent decades that a mechanistic understanding of how particulates can regulate these responses has emerged. It is now clear that particulate characteristics including size, charge, shape and porosity can influence the scale and nature of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. The potential to tailor biomaterials in order to regulate the type of innate immune response induced, offers significant opportunities in terms of designing systems with increased immune-mediated efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lebre
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Claire H Hearnden
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
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76
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In vitro responses of chicken macrophage-like monocytes following exposure to pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli ghosts loaded with a rational design of conserved genetic materials of influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 176:5-17. [PMID: 27288852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two important viral diseases in the poultry industry. Therefore, new disease-fighting strategies, especially effective genetic vaccination, are in high demand. Bacterial Ghost (BG) is a promising platform for delivering genetic materials to macrophages, cells that are among the first to encounter these viruses. However, there is no investigation on the immune response of these macrophage-targeted treatments. Here, we investigated the effect of genetic materials of AIV and NDV on the gene expression profile of important pro-inflammatory cytokines, a chemokine, a transcription factor, major histocompatibility complexes, and the viability of the chicken macrophage-like monocyte cells (CMM). Our genetic construct contained the external domain of matrix protein 2 and nucleoprotein gene of AIV, and immunodominant epitopes of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins of NDV (hereinafter referred to as pAIV-Vax), delivered via the pathogenic and non-pathogenic BGs (Escherichia coli O78K80 and E. coli TOP10 respectively). The results demonstrated that both types of BGs were able to efficiently deliver the construct to the CMM, although the pathogenic strain derived BG was a significantly better stimulant and delivery vehicle. Both BGs were safe regarding LPS toxicity and did not induce any cell death. Furthermore, the loaded BGs were more powerful in modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines' responses and antigen presentation systems in comparison to the unloaded BGs. Nitric oxide production of the BG-stimulated cells was also comparable to those challenged by the live bacteria. According to the results, the combination of pAIV-Vax construct and E. coli O78K80 BG is promising in inducing a considerable innate and adaptive immune response against AIV-NDV and perhaps the pathogenic E. coli, provided that the current combination be a potential candidate for in vivo testing regarding the development of an effective trivalent DNA vaccine against avian influenza and Newcastle disease, as well as a bacterial ghost vaccine against avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC).
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77
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Villarreal DO, Siefert RJ, Weiner DB. Alarmin IL-33 elicits potent TB-specific cell-mediated responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1954-60. [PMID: 26091147 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1026499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a major public health issue despite the current available vaccine for TB, Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). An effective vaccine against TB remains a top priority in the fight against this pandemic bacterial infection. Adequate protection against TB is associated with the development of TH1-type and CD8(+) T cell responses. One alarmin cytokine, interleukin 33 (IL-33), has now been implicated in the development of both CD4(+) TH1 and CD8(+) T cell immunity. In this study, we determined whether the administration of IL-33 as an adjuvant, encoded in a DNA plasmid, could enhance the immunogenicity of a TB DNA vaccine. We report that the co-immunization of IL-33 with a DNA vaccine expressing the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen 85B (Ag85B) induced robust Ag85B-specific IFNγ responses by ELISpot compared to Ag85B alone. Furthermore, these enhanced responses were characterized by higher frequencies of Ag85B-specific, multifunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Vaccination with IL-33 also increased the ability of the Ag85B-specific CD8(+) T cells to undergo degranulation and to secrete IFNγ and TNFα cytokines. These finding highlights IL-33 as a promising adjuvant to significantly improve the immunogenicity of TB DNA vaccines and support further study of this effective vaccine strategy against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Villarreal
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia , PA USA
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Tavares Da Silva F, Di Pasquale A, Yarzabal JP, Garçon N. Safety assessment of adjuvanted vaccines: Methodological considerations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1814-24. [PMID: 26029975 PMCID: PMC4514270 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1043501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants mainly interact with the innate immune response and are used to enhance the quantity and quality of the downstream adaptive immune response to vaccine antigens. Establishing the safety of a new adjuvant-antigen combination is achieved through rigorous evaluation that begins in the laboratory, and that continues throughout the vaccine life-cycle. The strategy for the evaluation of safety pre-licensure is guided by the disease profile, vaccine indication, and target population, and it is also influenced by available regulatory guidelines. In order to allow meaningful interpretation of clinical data, clinical program methodology should be optimized and standardized, making best use of all available data sources. Post-licensure safety activities are directed by field experience accumulated pre- and post-licensure clinical trial data and spontaneous adverse event reports. Continued evolution of safety evaluation processes that keep pace with advances in vaccine technology and updated communication of the benefit-risk profile is necessary to maintain public confidence in vaccines.
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79
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Habibi M, Asadi Karam MR, Bouzari S. Transurethral instillation with fusion protein MrpH.FimH induces protective innate immune responses against uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. APMIS 2016; 124:444-52. [PMID: 26918627 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections in human. Innate immunity recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to activate responses against pathogens. Recently, we demonstrated that MrpH.FimH fusion protein consisting of MrpH from Proteus mirabilis and FimH from Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) results in the higher immunogenicity and protection, as compared with FimH and MrpH alone. In this study, we evaluated the innate immunity and adjuvant properties induced by fusion MrpH.FimH through in vitro and in vivo methods. FimH and MrpH.FimH were able to induce significantly higher IL-8 and IL-6 responses than untreated or MrpH alone in cell lines tested. The neutrophil count was significantly higher in the fusion group than other groups. After 6 h, IL-8 and IL-6 production reached a peak, with a significant decline at 24 h post-instillation in both bladder and kidney tissues. Mice instilled with the fusion and challenged with UPEC or P. mirabilis showed a significant decrease in the number of bacteria in bladder and kidney compared to control mice. The results of these studies demonstrate that the use of recombinant fusion protein encoding TLR-4 ligand represents an effective vaccination strategy that does not require the use of a commercial adjuvant. Furthermore, MrpH.FimH was presented as a promising vaccine candidate against UTIs caused by UPEC and P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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80
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Abstract
An immunologic adjuvant, which enhances the magnitude and quality of immune responses to vaccine antigens, has become an essential part of modern vaccine practice. Chemicals and biologicals have been typically used for this purpose, but there are an increasing number of studies that are being conducted on the vaccine adjuvant effect of laser light on the skin. Currently, four different types or classes of laser devices have been shown to systemically enhance immune responses to intradermal vaccination: ultra-short pulsed lasers, non-pulsed lasers, non-ablative fractional lasers and ablative fractional lasers. Aside from involving the application of laser light to the skin in a manner that minimizes discomfort and damage, each type of laser vaccine adjuvant involves emission parameters, modes of action and immunologic adjuvant effects that are quite distinct from each other. This review provides a summary of the four major classes of “laser vaccine adjuvant” and clarifies and resolves their characteristics as immunologic adjuvants. These aspects of each adjuvant’s properties will ultimately help define which laser would be most efficacious in delivering a specific clinical benefit with a specific vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, United States of America
| | - Timothy Brauns
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, United States of America
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, United States of America
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81
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Cargnelutti DE, Salomón MC, Celedon V, García Bustos MF, Morea G, Cuello-Carrión FD, Scodeller EA. Immunization with antigenic extracts of Leishmania associated with Montanide ISA 763 adjuvant induces partial protection in BALB/c mice against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2016; 49:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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82
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Chen RT, Shimabukuro TT, Martin DB, Zuber PLF, Weibel DM, Sturkenboom M. Enhancing Vaccine Safety Capacity Globally: A Lifecycle Perspective. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:S364-76. [PMID: 26590436 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major vaccine safety controversies have arisen in several countries beginning in the last decades of 20th century. Such periodic vaccine safety controversies are unlikely to go away in the near future as more national immunization programs mature with near elimination of target vaccine-preventable diseases that result in relative greater prominence of adverse events following immunizations, both true reactions and temporally coincidental events. There are several ways in which vaccine safety capacity can be improved to potentially mitigate the impact of future vaccine safety controversies. This paper aims to take a "lifecycle" approach, examining some potential pre- and post-licensure opportunities to improve vaccine safety, in both developed (specifically U.S. and Europe) and low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Chen
- Office of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Tom T Shimabukuro
- Office of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David B Martin
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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83
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Administration of sulfosuccinimidyl-4-[N-maleimidomethyl] cyclohexane-1-carboxylate conjugated GP10025–33 peptide-coupled spleen cells effectively mounts antigen-specific immune response against mouse melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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84
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Chen RT, Shimabukuro TT, Martin DB, Zuber PLF, Weibel DM, Sturkenboom M. Enhancing vaccine safety capacity globally: A lifecycle perspective. Vaccine 2015; 33 Suppl 4:D46-54. [PMID: 26433922 PMCID: PMC4663114 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major vaccine safety controversies have arisen in several countries beginning in the last decades of 20th century. Such periodic vaccine safety controversies are unlikely to go away in the near future as more national immunization programs mature with near elimination of target vaccine-preventable diseases that result in relative greater prominence of adverse events following immunizations, both true reactions and temporally coincidental events. There are several ways in which vaccine safety capacity can be improved to potentially mitigate the impact of future vaccine safety controversies. This paper aims to take a "lifecycle" approach, examining some potential pre- and post-licensure opportunities to improve vaccine safety, in both developed (specifically U.S. and Europe) and low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Chen
- Office of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Tom T Shimabukuro
- Office of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David B Martin
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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85
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Kavaliauskis A, Arnemo M, Kim SH, Ulanova L, Speth M, Novoa B, Dios S, Evensen Ø, Griffiths GW, Gjøen T. Use of Poly(I:C) Stabilized with Chitosan As a Vaccine-Adjuvant Against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Infection in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2015; 12:421-31. [PMID: 26509227 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for more efficient viral vaccines in finfish aquaculture worldwide. Here, we report the use of poly(I:C) stabilized with chitosan as an adjuvant for development of better finfish vaccines. The adjuvant was co-injected with inactivated viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) (CSpIC+iV vaccine) in adult zebrafish and its efficiency in protection against VHSV infection was compared to a live, attenuated VHS virus vaccine (aV). Both free and stabilized poly(I:C) were strong inducers of an antiviral state, measured by transcriptional activation of the genes of viral sensors: toll-like receptors, interferons, and interferon-stimulated genes, such as MXa within 48 h after injection. Both the CSpIC+iV and the aV formulations provided a significant protection against VHSV-induced mortality. However, when plasma from survivors was tested for neutralizing antibodies in an in vitro protection assay, we could not demonstrate any protective effect. On the contrary, plasma from aV vaccinated fish enhanced cytopathic effects, indicating that antibody-dependent entry may play a role in this system. Our results show that poly(I:C) is a promising candidate as an adjuvant for fish vaccination against viral pathogens, and that the zebrafish is a promising model for aquaculture-relevant vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturas Kavaliauskis
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Arnemo
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo, Norway
| | - Lilia Ulanova
- 3 Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Speth
- 3 Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sonia Dios
- 4 Institute of Marine Research, CSIC , Vigo, Spain
| | - Øystein Evensen
- 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tor Gjøen
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
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86
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Kim HJ, Ahn KY, Bae KD, Lee J, Sim SJ, Lee J. Adjuvant effect of B domain of staphyloccocal protein A displayed on the surface of hepatitis B virus capsid. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1; Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713; Seoul Sungbuk-Ku Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Young Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1; Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713; Seoul Sungbuk-Ku Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Dong Bae
- Berna Biotech Korea Corp.; Incheon Yeonsu-gu Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1; Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713; Seoul Sungbuk-Ku Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1; Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713; Seoul Sungbuk-Ku Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1; Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713; Seoul Sungbuk-Ku Republic of Korea
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87
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Effect of particulate adjuvant on the anthrax protective antigen dose required for effective nasal vaccination. Vaccine 2015; 33:3609-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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Gupta A, Das S, Schanen B, Seal S. Adjuvants in micro- to nanoscale: current state and future direction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:61-84. [PMID: 26053286 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for over 70 years to promote long-lived and sterilizing immunity. Since then, various adjuvant systems were developed by combining nanotechnology with natural and/or synthetic immunomodulatory molecules. These systems are biocompatible, immunogenic, and possess higher antigen carrying capacity. This article showcases advancements made in the adjuvant systems formulations, their synthesis routes, and the improvement of these adjuvants have brought in response to combat against ongoing global health threats such as malaria, hepatitis C, universal influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus. This review also highlights the interaction of adjuvants with the delivery of antigens to cells and unfolds mechanism of actions. In addition, this review discusses the physicochemical factors responsible for the efficient interaction of nanoadjuvants with antigen receptors to develop more effective, less reactogenic, and multifunctional systems for the next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gupta
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Soumen Das
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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89
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Schijns VEJC, Pretto C, Devillers L, Pierre D, Hofman FM, Chen TC, Mespouille P, Hantos P, Glorieux P, Bota DA, Stathopoulos A. First clinical results of a personalized immunotherapeutic vaccine against recurrent, incompletely resected, treatment-resistant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors, based on combined allo- and auto-immune tumor reactivity. Vaccine 2015; 33:2690-6. [PMID: 25865468 PMCID: PMC10494870 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients have a poor prognosis. After tumor recurrence statistics suggest an imminent death within 1-4.5 months. Supportive preclinical data, from a rat model, provided the rational for a prototype clinical vaccine preparation, named Gliovac (or ERC 1671) composed of autologous antigens, derived from the patient's surgically removed tumor tissue, which is administered together with allogeneic antigens from glioma tissue resected from other GBM patients. We now report the first results of the Gliovac treatment for treatment-resistant GBM patients. Nine (9) recurrent GBM patients, after standard of care treatment, including surgery radio- and chemotherapy temozolomide, and for US patients, also bevacizumab (Avastin™), were treated under a compassionate use/hospital exemption protocol. Gliovac was given intradermally, together with human GM-CSF (Leukine(®)), and preceded by a regimen of regulatory T cell-depleting, low-dose cyclophosphamide. Gliovac administration in patients that have failed standard of care therapies showed minimal toxicity and enhanced overall survival (OS). Six-month (26 weeks) survival for the nine Gliovac patients was 100% versus 33% in control group. At week 40, the published overall survival was 10% if recurrent, reoperated patients were not treated. In the Gliovac treated group, the survival at 40 weeks was 77%. Our data suggest that Gliovac has low toxicity and a promising efficacy. A phase II trial has recently been initiated in recurrent, bevacizumab naïve GBM patients (NCT01903330).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil E J C Schijns
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Schaijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Chrystel Pretto
- Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Devillers
- Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Pierre
- Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Florence M Hofman
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), 1055 E Colorado Blvd., Suite 500, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA
| | | | - Peter Hantos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arlon and Libramont Hospital, Arlon and Libramont, Belgium
| | | | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, University of California at Irvine, UC Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Apostolos Stathopoulos
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Schaijk, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), 1055 E Colorado Blvd., Suite 500, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Arlon and Libramont Hospital, Arlon and Libramont, Belgium; Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, University of California at Irvine, UC Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, CA, USA.
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90
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Di Giacomo S, Quattrocchi V, Zamorano P. Use of Adjuvants to Enhance the Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Against Bovine Herpesvirus-1. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:343-6. [PMID: 26133047 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the induction of humoral and cellular immune response by a DNA vaccine based on the bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D with commercial adjuvants (SEPPIC), in the murine model and in a preliminary assay in cattle, in order to select vaccines candidates that can improve cellular response. A DNA vaccine with most of the adjuvants used in this study was able to elicit a gD and viral-specific humoral immune response in vaccinated mice. Nevertheless, only a DNA vaccine with Montanide GEL 01 PR and Montanide Essai 903110 induced viral-specific proliferation and the highest levels of IFN-γ secretion. Since a cellular response is important to deal with BoHV-1 infection, both adjuvants were tested in a small trial using bovines to corroborate improvement of a cellular response in the natural host. It was observed that a DNA vaccine with Montanide Essai 903110 induced the highest BoHV-1 specific IFN-γ production in cattle. So, this adjuvant is proposed as a suitable candidate to be tested in a BoHV-1 DNA vaccine for protection against viral challenge in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Zamorano
- 1 Instituto de Virología , INTA, Hurlingham, Argentina .,2 CONICET , Buenos Aires, Argentina .,3 Universidad del Salvador Buenos Aires , Argentina
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91
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Villarreal DO, Svoronos N, Wise MC, Shedlock DJ, Morrow MP, Conejo-Garcia JR, Weiner DB. Molecular adjuvant IL-33 enhances the potency of a DNA vaccine in a lethal challenge model. Vaccine 2015; 33:4313-20. [PMID: 25887087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying new molecular adjuvants that elicit effective vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cell immunity may be critical for the elimination of many challenging diseases including Tuberculosis, HIV and cancer. Here, we report that co-administration of molecular adjuvant IL-33 during vaccination enhanced the magnitude and function of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8(+) T cells against a model Ag, LCMV NP target protein. These enhanced responses were characterized by higher frequencies of Ag-specific, polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells exhibiting cytotoxic characteristics. Importantly, these cells were capable of robust expansion upon Ag-specific restimulation in vivo and conferred remarkable protection against a high dose lethal LCMV challenge. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of IL-33 to amplifying the frequency of Ag-specific KLRG1(+) effector CD8(+) T cells. These data show that IL-33 is a promising immunoadjuvant at improving T cell immunity in a vaccine setting and suggest further development and understanding of this molecular adjuvant for strategies against many obstinate infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Villarreal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nikolaos Svoronos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan C Wise
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Devon J Shedlock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew P Morrow
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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92
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Bento D, Staats HF, Gonçalves T, Borges O. Development of a novel adjuvanted nasal vaccine: C48/80 associated with chitosan nanoparticles as a path to enhance mucosal immunity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:149-64. [PMID: 25818119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In a time in which mucosal vaccines development has been delayed by the lack of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants, the combination of adjuvants has started to be explored as a strategy to obtain potent vaccine formulations. This study describes a novel adjuvant combination as an effective approach for a nasal vaccine - the association of the mast cell activator compound 48/80 with chitosan based nanoparticles. It was hypothesized that mucoadhesive nanoparticles would promote the cellular uptake and prolong the antigen residence time on nasal cavity. Simultaneously, mast cell activation would promote a local microenvironment favorable to the development of an immune response. To test this hypothesis, two different C48/80 loaded nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared: Chitosan-C48/80 NP (Chi-C48/80 NP) and Chitosan/Alginate-C48/80 NP (Chi/Alg-C48/80 NP). The potential as a vaccine adjuvant of the two delivery systems was evaluated and directly compared. Both formulations had a mean size near 500nm and a positive charge; however, Chi-C48/80 NP was a more effective adjuvant delivery system when compared with Chi/Alg-C48/80 NP or C48/80 alone. Chi-C48/80 NP activated mast cells at a greater extent, were better internalized by antigen presenting cells than Chi/Alg-C48/80 NP and successfully enhanced the nasal residence time of a model antigen. Superiority of Chi-C48/80 NP as adjuvant was also observed in vivo. Therefore, nasal immunization of mice with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) adsorbed on Chi-C48/80 NP elicited high levels of serum anti-PA neutralizing antibodies and a more balanced Th1/Th2 profile than C48/80 in solution or Chi/Alg-C48/80 NP. The incorporation of C48/80 within Chi NP also promoted a mucosal immunity greater than all the other adjuvanted groups tested, showing that the combination of a mast cell activator and chitosan NP could be a promising strategy for nasal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bento
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H F Staats
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - T Gonçalves
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - O Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Toledo-Machado CM, Bueno LL, Menezes-Souza D, Machado-de-Avila RA, Nguyen C, Granier C, Bartholomeu DC, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Fujiwara RT. Use of Phage Display technology in development of canine visceral leishmaniasis vaccine using synthetic peptide trapped in sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:133. [PMID: 25889286 PMCID: PMC4352561 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania parasites can cause visceral or cutaneous disease and are found in subtropical and tropical regions of the Old and New World. The pathology of the infection is determined by both host immune factors and species/strain differences of the parasite. Dogs represent the major reservoir of Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) and vaccines are considered the most cost-effective control tools for canine disease. Methods Selection of immunodominant peptides was performed by Phage Display to identify sequences recognized by L. infantum naturally infected animals. Sera from Leishmania infected animals were used in the biopanning to selection of specific peptides. Serum samples from T. cruzi infected and healthy animals were used as control. After selection, synthetic peptides were produced in membrane (spot-synthesis) in soluble form and blotting and ELISA were performed for validation of serum reactivity. Selected peptide was formulated with aluminum hydroxide and liposomes and immunization was performed in BALB/c mice. Protection was determined by qPCR after challenge infection with virulent L. infantum. Results We reported the selection of Peptide 5 through Phage Display technique and demonstrate its ability to promote a state of immunity against L. infantum infection in murine model after immunization using liposomes as vaccine carrier. Our results demonstrate that immunization with Peptide 5 when formulated with aluminum hydroxide and liposomes is immunogenic and elicited significant protection associated with the induction of mixed Th1/Th2 immune response against L. infantum infection. Conclusion Peptide 5 is a promising vaccine candidate and the findings obtained in the present study encourage canine trials to confirm the effectiveness of a vaccine against CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Monerat Toledo-Machado
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Avila
- Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - CEP: 88.806-000, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- SysDiag CNRS-BioRad UMR 3145, Cap Delta/Parc Euromédecine, 1682 rue de la Valsière, CS 61003, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France.
| | - Claude Granier
- SysDiag CNRS-BioRad UMR 3145, Cap Delta/Parc Euromédecine, 1682 rue de la Valsière, CS 61003, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France.
| | - Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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94
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Ding J, Fang Y, Xiang Z. Antigen/IgG immune complex-primed mucosal mast cells mediate antigen-specific activation of co-cultured T cells. Immunology 2015; 144:387-394. [PMID: 25196548 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are proposed to be one of the targets for mucosal vaccine adjuvants. We previously demonstrated that mucosal adjuvants containing IgG immune complexes could activate connective tissue mast cells enhancing immune responses. Here we suggest that mucosal mast cells (MMC) may also contribute to augmentation of antigen-specific immune responses following treatment with antigens complexed with IgG. We demonstrated that both bone marrow-derived cultured MMC and tissue resident MMC incorporated ovalbumin (OVA) at a greater level in the presence of anti-OVA IgG. Co-culture of OVA/IgG-pulsed bone marrow-derived MMC with splenocytes from OT-II mice promoted OVA-specific activation and proliferation of T cells, a process known as cross-presentation. Furthermore, bone marrow-derived cultured MMC underwent apoptosis following treatment with IgG immune complexes, a feature that has been described as favouring phagocytosis of mast cells by professional antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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95
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van der Laan JW, Gould S, Tanir JY. Safety of vaccine adjuvants: focus on autoimmunity. Vaccine 2015; 33:1507-14. [PMID: 25659277 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Questions have been recently raised regarding the safety of vaccine adjuvants, particularly in relation to autoimmunity or autoimmune disease(s)/disorder(s) (AID). The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) formed a scientific committee and convened a 2-day workshop, consisting of technical experts from around the world representing academia, government regulatory agencies, and industry, to investigate and openly discuss the issues around adjuvant safety in vaccines. The types of adjuvants considered included oil-in-water emulsions and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. The state of science around the use of animal models and biomarkers for the evaluation and prediction of AID were also discussed. Following extensive literature reviews by the HESI committee, and presentations by experts at the workshop, several key points were identified, including the value of animal models used to study autoimmunity and AID toward studying novel vaccine adjuvants; whether there is scientific evidence indicating an intrinsic risk of autoimmunity and AID with adjuvants, or a higher risk resulting from the mechanism of action; and if there is compelling clinical data linking adjuvants and AID. The tripartite group of experts concluded that there is no compelling evidence supporting the association of vaccine adjuvants with autoimmunity signals. Additionally, it is recommended that future research on the potential effects of vaccine adjuvants on AID should consider carefully the experimental design in animal models particularly if they are to be used in any risk assessment, as an improper design and model could result in misleading information. Finally, studies on the mechanistic aspects and potential biomarkers related to adjuvants and autoimmunity phenomena could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer Y Tanir
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, 1156 Fifteenth St, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
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96
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P5 HER2/neu-derived peptide conjugated to liposomes containing MPL adjuvant as an effective prophylactic vaccine formulation for breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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97
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Lan J, Deng Y, Chen H, Lu G, Wang W, Guo X, Lu Z, Gao GF, Tan W. Tailoring subunit vaccine immunity with adjuvant combinations and delivery routes using the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) receptor-binding domain as an antigen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112602. [PMID: 25405618 PMCID: PMC4236105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of MERS-CoV spike (S) is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m.) with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum) alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C) or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c.) route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production). Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting effective humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuozhuang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - George F. Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
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98
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TLR-9 agonist immunostimulatory sequence adjuvants linked to cancer antigens. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1139:337-44. [PMID: 24619691 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0345-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of cancer vaccines is to elicit tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of eradicating established tumors and preventing/eradicating their metastatic spread. CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) activate and support the maturation of immune cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B lymphocytes, that express Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are capable of presenting tumor antigens to T cells. Thus, CpG ODN are effective vaccine adjuvants. The adjuvant activity of CpG ODN is improved by maintaining them in close physical and temporal proximity to the co-administered vaccine antigen. This work describes a method of chemically conjugating CpG ODN to antigens and/or cancer cells that improve the resulting CTL response.
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99
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Shahid I, ALMalki WH, Hafeez MH, Hassan S. Hepatitis C virus infection treatment: An era of game changer direct acting antivirals and novel treatment strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:535-47. [PMID: 25373616 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.970123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and associated liver diseases represent a major health care burden all over the world. The current standard of care, i.e. peginterferon-alfa (PEG-IFNα) plus ribavirin (RBV) are associated with frequent and sometimes serious adverse effects and contraindications, which further limit their therapeutic efficacy. The approval of first and second generation HCV protease inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the development of novel direct acting antivirals (DAAs) against different HCV genotypes and establishes a new standard of care for chronically infected HCV genotypes 1 patients. Similarly, next generation protease inhibitors and HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors have shown better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in terms of broader HCV genotypes coverage, better safety profile, fewer drug interactions and possible once daily administration than first generation direct acting antivirals. The testing of adenovirus-based vector vaccines, which escalates the innate and acquired immune responses against the most conserved regions of the HCV genome in chimpanzees and humans, may be a promising therapeutic approach against HCV infection in coming future. This review article presents up-to-date knowledge and recent developments in HCV therapeutics, insights the shortcomings of current HCV therapies and key lessons from the therapeutic potential of improved anti-HCV treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, CEMB, University of the Punjab , Near Thokar Niaz Baig , Lahore , Pakistan .,b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University , Al-Abidiyah , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan ALMalki
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University , Al-Abidiyah , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hassan Hafeez
- c Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fatima Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine and Dentistry , Shadman , Lahore , Pakistan , and
| | - Sajida Hassan
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, CEMB, University of the Punjab , Near Thokar Niaz Baig , Lahore , Pakistan .,d Viral Hepatitis Program, Laboratory of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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100
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Martins KAO, Bavari S, Salazar AM. Vaccine adjuvant uses of poly-IC and derivatives. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:447-59. [PMID: 25308798 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.966085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are stand-alone immunomodulators or 'danger signals,' that are increasingly recognized as critical components of many modern vaccines. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) is a synthetic dsRNA that can activate multiple elements of the host defense in a pattern that parallels that of a viral infection. When properly combined with an antigen, it can be utilized as a PAMP-adjuvant, resulting in modulation and optimization of the antigen-specific immune response. We briefly review the preclinical and clinical uses of poly-IC and two poly-IC derivatives, poly-IC12U (Ampligen) and poly-ICLC (Hiltonol), as vaccine adjuvants.
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