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Hersh DS, Harder BG, Roos A, Peng S, Heath JE, Legesse T, Kim AJ, Woodworth GF, Tran NL, Winkles JA. The TNF receptor family member Fn14 is highly expressed in recurrent glioblastoma and in GBM patient-derived xenografts with acquired temozolomide resistance. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1321-1330. [PMID: 29897522 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a difficult to treat brain cancer that nearly uniformly recurs, and recurrent tumors are largely therapy resistant. Our prior work has demonstrated an important role for the tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) in GBM pathobiology. In this study, we investigated Fn14 expression in recurrent GBM and in the setting of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. Methods Fn14 mRNA expression levels in nonneoplastic brain, primary (newly diagnosed) GBM, and recurrent GBM (post-chemotherapy and radiation) specimens were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal. Immunohistochemistry was performed using nonneoplastic brain, patient-matched primary and recurrent GBM, and gliosarcoma (GSM) specimens to examine Fn14 protein levels. Western blot analysis was used to compare Fn14 expression in parental TMZ-sensitive or matched TMZ-resistant patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) established from primary or recurrent tumor samples. The migratory capacity of control and Fn14-depleted TMZ-resistant GBM cells was assessed using the transwell migration assay. Results We found that Fn14 is more highly expressed in recurrent GBM tumors than their matched primary GBM counterparts. Fn14 expression is also significantly elevated in GSM tumors. GBM PDX cells with acquired TMZ resistance have higher Fn14 levels and greater migratory capacity than their corresponding parental TMZ-sensitive cells, and the migratory difference is due, at least in part, to Fn14 expression in the TMZ-resistant cells. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the Fn14 gene is highly expressed in recurrent GBM, GSM, and TMZ-resistant GBM PDX tumors. These findings suggest that Fn14 may be a valuable therapeutic target or drug delivery portal for treatment of recurrent GBM and GSM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bryan G Harder
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Alison Roos
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jonathan E Heath
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Teklu Legesse
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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52
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Kwon S, Yoo KH, Sym SJ, Khang D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy assisted by nanotechnology: a possible combinational treatment for brain tumor and central nerve regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5925-5942. [PMID: 31534331 PMCID: PMC6681156 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intrinsically possess unique features that not only help in their migration towards the tumor-rich environment but they also secrete versatile types of secretomes to induce nerve regeneration and analgesic effects at inflammatory sites. As a matter of course, engineering MSCs to enhance their intrinsic abilities is growing in interest in the oncology and regenerative field. However, the concern of possible tumorigenesis of genetically modified MSCs prompted the development of non-viral transfected MSCs armed with nanotechnology for more effective cancer and regenerative treatment. Despite the fact that a large number of successful studies have expanded our current knowledge in tumor-specific targeting, targeting damaged brain site remains enigmatic due to the presence of a blood–brain barrier (BBB). A BBB is a barrier that separates blood from brain, but MSCs with intrinsic features of transmigration across the BBB can efficiently deliver desired drugs to target sites. Importantly, MSCs, when mediated by nanoparticles, can further enhance tumor tropism and can regenerate the damaged neurons in the central nervous system through the promotion of axon growth. This review highlights the homing and nerve regenerative abilities of MSCs in order to provide a better understanding of potential cell therapeutic applications of non-genetically engineered MSCs with the aid of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Kwon
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Kwai Han Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Sun Jin Sym
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Department of Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (Gaihst), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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53
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Carpenter CD, Alnahhas I, Gonzalez J, Giglio P, Puduvalli VK. Changing paradigms for targeted therapies against diffuse infiltrative gliomas: tackling a moving target. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:663-677. [PMID: 31106606 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gliomas are highly heterogeneous primary brain tumors which result in a disproportionately high degree of morbidity and mortality despite their locoregional occurrence. Advances in the understanding of the biological makeup of these malignancies have yielded a number of potential tumor-driving pathways which have been identified as rational targets for therapy. However, early trials of agents that target these pathways have uniformly failed to yield improvement in outcomes in patients with malignant gliomas. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the most common biological features of gliomas and the strategies to target the same; in addition, the current status of immunotherapy and biological therapies are outlined and the future directions to tackle the challenges of therapy for gliomas are examined. Expert opinion: The limitations of current treatments are attributed to the inability of most of these agents to cross the blood-brain barrier and to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the tumors that result in treatment resistance. The recent emergence of immune-mediated and biological therapies and of agents that target metabolic pathways in gliomas have provided strategies that may overcome tumor heterogeneity and ongoing trials of such agents are anticipated to yield improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice D Carpenter
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Iyad Alnahhas
- b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Javier Gonzalez
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Division of Neurooncology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
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54
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Nasrallah MP, Binder ZA, Oldridge DA, Zhao J, Lieberman DB, Roth JJ, Watt CD, Sukhadia S, Klinman E, Daber RD, Desai A, Brem S, O'Rourke DM, Morrissette JJD. Molecular Neuropathology in Practice: Clinical Profiling and Integrative Analysis of Molecular Alterations in Glioblastoma. Acad Pathol 2019; 6:2374289519848353. [PMID: 31206012 PMCID: PMC6537274 DOI: 10.1177/2374289519848353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular profiling of glioblastoma has revealed complex cytogenetic, epigenetic, and molecular abnormalities that are necessary for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Our neuro-oncology group has developed a data-driven, institutional consensus guideline for efficient and optimal workup of glioblastomas based on our routine performance of molecular testing. We describe our institution’s testing algorithm, assay development, and genetic findings in glioblastoma, to illustrate current practices and challenges in neuropathology related to molecular and genetic testing. We have found that coordination of test requisition, tissue handling, and incorporation of results into the final pathologic diagnosis by the neuropathologist improve patient care. Here, we present analysis of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase promoter methylation and next-generation sequencing results of 189 patients, obtained utilizing our internal processes led by the neuropathology team. Our institutional pathway for neuropathologist-driven molecular testing has streamlined the management of glioblastoma samples for efficient return of results for incorporation of genomic data into the pathological diagnosis and optimal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacLean P Nasrallah
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Bioreference Laboratories, West Deptford, NJ, USA
| | - David B Lieberman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn J Roth
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher D Watt
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shrey Sukhadia
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Klinman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Arati Desai
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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NOZAWA T, OKADA M, NATSUMEDA M, EDA T, ABE H, TSUKAMOTO Y, OKAMOTO K, OISHI M, TAKAHASHI H, FUJII Y, KAKITA A. EGFRvIII Is Expressed in Cellular Areas of Tumor in a Subset of Glioblastoma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2019; 59:89-97. [PMID: 30787232 PMCID: PMC6434422 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2018-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a tumor-specific cell surface antigen often expressed in glioblastoma and has drawn much attention as a possible therapeutic target. We performed immunohistochemistry on histology sections of surgical specimens taken from 67 cases with glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild type, and evaluated the morphological characteristics and distribution of the EGFRvIII-positive tumor cells. We then evaluated the localization of EGFRvIII-expression within the tumor and peritumoral areas. EGFRvIII immunopositivity was detected in 15 specimens taken from 13 patients, including two recurrent specimens taken from the same patient at relapse. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that EGFRvIII-positive cells were present in cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and some showed astrocytic differentiation with multiple fine processes and others did not shown. The EGFRvIII-positive cells were located in cellular areas of the tumor, but not in the invading zone. In the two recurrent cases, EGFRvIII-positive cells were markedly decreased in one case and retained in the other. With regard to overall survival, univariate analysis indicated that EGFRvIII-expression in patients with glioblastoma was not significantly associated with a favorable outcome. Double-labeling immunofluorescence staining of EGFRvIII and GFAP showed that processes of large, well differentiated, GFAP-positive glia extend to and surround less differentiated, EGFRvIII-positive glial cells in cellular areas of tumor. However, in the tumor periphery, EGFRvIII-positive tumor cells were not observed. This finding suggests that EGFRvIII is involved in tumor proliferation, but that invading glioma cells lose their EGFRvIII expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori NOZAWA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayasu OKADA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu NATSUMEDA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi EDA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki ABE
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro TSUKAMOTO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kouichirou OKAMOTO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto OISHI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi TAKAHASHI
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko FUJII
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi KAKITA
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Comparison of glioblastoma (GBM) molecular classification methods. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:201-211. [PMID: 30031763 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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D’Alessandris QG, Montano N, Martini M, Cenci T, Lauretti L, Stumpo V, Pignotti F, Olivi A, Fernandez E, Larocca LM, Pallini R. Eight-year survival of a recurrent glioblastoma patient treated with molecularly tailored therapy: a case report. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018; 160:2387-2391. [PMID: 30306271 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for recurrent glioblastoma are scarce; targeted therapy trials were disappointing, probably due to enrollment of patients without molecular selection. We treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib a 66-year-old male suffering from recurrent glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype and MGMT unmethylated, after three neurosurgeries. Treatment was tailored on molecular profile of recurrent tumor-namely, EGFRvIII positivity, VEGF overexpression, normal PTEN, low total VEGF and VEGF-121 mRNA-and resulted in complete, exceptionally durable response (51-month progression-free survival). Notably, histology of further recurrence after therapy was reminiscent of sarcoma. We suggest a thorough molecular screening for personalization of targeted therapy in recurrent glioblastoma.
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Chin C, Lunking ES, de la Fuente M, Ayad NG. Immunotherapy and Epigenetic Pathway Modulation in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Oncol 2018; 8:521. [PMID: 30483476 PMCID: PMC6243054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive multimodality treatment it remains one of the most challenging and intractable cancers (1]. While current standard of care treatment for GBM is maximal safe surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy with Temozolimide (TMZ), and radiation therapy, the current prognosis of GBM patients remains poor, with a median overall survival of 12–15 months (2, 3). Therefore, other treatments are needed to provide better outcomes for GBM patients. Immunotherapy is one of the most promising new cancer treatment approaches. Immunotherapy drugs have obtained regulatory approval in a variety of cancers including melanoma (4), Hodgkin lymphoma (5), and non-small cell lung cancer (6). The basis of immunotherapy in cancer treatment is linked to stimulating the immune system to recognize cancer cells as foreign, thereby leading to the eventual elimination of the tumor. One form of immunotherapy utilizes vaccines that target tumor antigens (7), while other approaches utilize T-cells in patients to stimulate them to attack tumor cells (8). Despite intensive efforts all approaches have not been overtly successful (9), suggesting that we need to better understand the underlying biology of tumor cells and their environment as they respond to immunotherapy. Recent studies have elucidated epigenetic pathway regulation of GBM tumor expansion (10), suggesting that combined epigenetic pathway inhibition with immunotherapy may be feasible. In this review, we discuss current GBM clinical trials and how immune system interactions with epigenetic pathways and signaling nodes can be delineated to uncover potential combination therapies for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Emma S Lunking
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Macarena de la Fuente
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Sharma P, Debinski W. Receptor-Targeted Glial Brain Tumor Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3326. [PMID: 30366424 PMCID: PMC6274942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among primary brain tumors, malignant gliomas are notably difficult to manage. The higher-grade tumors represent an unmet need in medicine. There have been extensive efforts to implement receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches directed against gliomas. These approaches include immunotherapies, such as vaccines, adoptive immunotherapy, and passive immunotherapy. Targeted cytotoxic radio energy and pro-drug activation have been designed specifically for brain tumors. The field of targeting through receptors progressed significantly with the discovery of an interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13RA2) as a tumor-associated receptor over-expressed in most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) but not in normal brain. IL-13RA2 has been exploited in novel experimental therapies with very encouraging clinical responses. Other receptors are specifically over-expressed in many patients with GBM, such as EphA2 and EphA3 receptors, among others. These findings are important in view of the heterogeneity of GBM tumors and multiple tumor compartments responsible for tumor progression and resistance to therapies. The combined targeting of multiple receptors in different tumor compartments should be a preferred way to design novel receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sharma
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Go, no-go decision making for phase 3 clinical trials: ACT IV revisited. Lancet Oncol 2018; 18:e708. [PMID: 29208432 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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De Pascalis I, Morgante L, Pacioni S, D'Alessandris QG, Giannetti S, Martini M, Ricci-Vitiani L, Malinverno M, Dejana E, Larocca LM, Pallini R. Endothelial trans-differentiation in glioblastoma recurring after radiotherapy. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1361-1366. [PMID: 29713042 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that in glioblastoma recurring after radiotherapy, a condition whereby the brain endothelium undergoes radiation-induced senescence, tumor cells with endothelial phenotype may be relevant for tumor neovascularization. Matched glioblastoma samples obtained at primary surgery and at surgery for tumor recurrence after radiotherapy, all expressing epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), were assessed by a technique that combines fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the EGFR/CEP7 chromosomal probe with immunostaining for endothelial cells (CD31) and activated pericytes (α Smooth Muscle Actin). Five EGFRvIII-expressing paired primary/recurrent glioblastoma samples, in which the tumor cells showed EGFR/CEP7 amplification, were then assessed by CD31 and α Smooth Muscle Actin immunofluorescence. In glomeruloid bodies, the ratio between CD31+ cells with amplified EGFR/CEP7 signal and the total CD31+ cells was 0.23 ± 0.09 (mean ± sem) and 0.63 ± 0.07 in primary tumors and in recurrent ones, respectively (p < 0.002, Student-t test). In capillaries, the ratio of CD31+ cells with amplified EGFR/CEP7 over the total CD31+ cells lining the capillary lumen was 0.21 ± 0.06 (mean ± sem) and 0.42 ± 0.07 at primary surgery and at recurrence, respectively (p < 0.005, Student-t test). Expression of α Smooth Muscle Actin by cells with EGFR/CEP7 amplification was not observed. Then, in glioblastoma recurring after radiotherapy, where the brain endothelium suffers from radiation-induced cell senescence, tumor-derived endothelium plays a role in neo-vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana De Pascalis
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Morgante
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- New Strategies to Inhibit Tumor Angiogenesis Program Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Institute of Molecular Oncology Fondazione, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- New Strategies to Inhibit Tumor Angiogenesis Program Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Institute of Molecular Oncology Fondazione, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi M Larocca
- Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tyrosine kinase superfamily receptor. Gliomas are tumors originating from glial cells, which show a range of aggressiveness depending on grade and stage. Many EGFR gene alterations have been identified in gliomas, especially glioblastomas, including amplifications, deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Glioblastomas are discussed as a separate entity due to their high correlation with EGFR mutants and the reported association of the latter with survival and response to treatment in this glioma subgroup. This review is a comprehensive report of EGFR gene alterations and their relations with several clinical factors in glioblastomas and other gliomas. It covers all EGFR gene alterations including point mutations, SNPs, methylations, copy number variations and amplifications, assessed with regard to different clinical variables, including response to therapy and survival. This review also discusses the current prognostic status of EGFR in glioblastomas and other gliomas, and highlights gaps in previous studies. This serves as an update for the medical community about the role of EGFR gene alterations in gliomas and specifically glioblastomas, as a means for targeted treatment and prognosis.
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63
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Tuncel G, Kalkan R. Receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras-PI 3 kinase-Akt signaling network in glioblastoma multiforme. Med Oncol 2018; 35:122. [PMID: 30078108 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of the brain tumors and shows different genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Gene amplification, genetic instability, disruption of apoptotic pathways, deregulated oncogene expression, invasive phenotypical changes, abnormal angiogenesis, and epigenetic changes have all been described in GBMs. These abnormalities indicate that a number of different signaling pathways are deregulated in GBM. Increasing number of studies provide a better understanding of the tumor biology, genetic, and epigenetic background of the GBM. Also, current research provides us useful approaches in designing novel therapies for GBM. In this review, we summarize the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras-PI 3 kinase-Akt signaling network, focusing on the potential molecular targets for anti-signaling molecular therapies in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulten Tuncel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia, 99138, Cyprus
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Nicosia, 99138, Cyprus.
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65
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D'Alessandris QG, Biffoni M, Martini M, Runci D, Buccarelli M, Cenci T, Signore M, Stancato L, Olivi A, De Maria R, Larocca LM, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R. The clinical value of patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres in predicting treatment response. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1097-1108. [PMID: 28204560 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advances from glioma stemlike cell (GSC) research, though increasing our knowledge of glioblastoma (GBM) biology, do not influence clinical decisions yet. We explored the translational power of GSC-enriched cultures from patient-derived tumorspheres (TS) in predicting treatment response. Methods The relationship between TS growth and clinical outcome was investigated in 52 GBMs treated with surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ). The effect on TS of radiation (6 to 60 Gy) and of TMZ (3.9 μM to 1 mM) was related with patients' survival. Results Generation of TS was an independent factor for poor overall survival (OS) and poor progression-free survival (PFS) (P < .0001 and P = .0010, respectively). Growth rate and clonogenicity of TS predicted poor OS. In general, TS were highly resistant to both radiation and TMZ. Resistance to TMZ was stronger in TS with high clonogenicity and fast growth (P < .02). Shorter PFS was associated with radiation LD50 (lethal dose required to kill 50% of TS cells) >12 Gy of matched TS (P = .0484). A direct relationship was found between sensitivity of TS to TMZ and patients' survival (P = .0167 and P = .0436 for OS and PFS, respectively). Importantly, values for TMZ half-maximal inhibitory concentration <50 μM, which are in the range of plasma levels achieved in vivo, identified cases with longer OS and PFS (P = .0020 and P = .0016, respectively). Conclusions Analysis of TS holds translational relevance by predicting the response of parent tumors to radiation and, particularly, to TMZ. Dissecting the clonogenic population from proliferating progeny in TS can guide therapeutic strategies to a more effective drug selection and treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Daniele Runci
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tonia Cenci
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michele Signore
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Louis Stancato
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Luigi M Larocca
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Prinzing BL, Gottschalk SM, Krenciute G. CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma: ready for the next round of clinical testing? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:451-461. [PMID: 29533108 PMCID: PMC6191291 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1451749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outcome for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor, and there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. T cells genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) hold the promise to improve outcomes since they recognize and kill cells through different mechanisms than conventional therapeutics. Areas covered: This article reviews CAR design, tumor associated antigens expressed by GBMs that can be targeted with CAR T cells, preclinical and clinical studies conducted with CAR T cells, and genetic approaches to enhance their effector function. Expert commentary: While preclinical studies have highlighted the potent anti-GBM activity of CAR T cells, the initial foray of CAR T-cell therapies into the clinic resulted only in limited benefits for GBM patients. Additional genetic modification of CAR T cells has resulted in a significant increase in their anti-GBM activity in preclinical models. We are optimistic that clinical testing of these enhanced CAR T cells will be safe and result in improved anti-glioma activity in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Prinzing
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Stephen M. Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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Zhao YH, Wang ZF, Cao CJ, Weng H, Xu CS, Li K, Li JL, Lan J, Zeng XT, Li ZQ. The Clinical Significance of O 6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Promoter Methylation Status in Adult Patients With Glioblastoma: A Meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:127. [PMID: 29619003 PMCID: PMC5873285 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Promoter status of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) has been widely established as a clinically relevant factor in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. However, in addition to varied therapy schedule, the prognosis of GBM patients is also affected by variations of age, race, primary or recurrent tumor. This study comprehensively investigated the association between MGMT promoter status and prognosis in overall GBM patients and in different GBM subtype including new diagnosed patients, recurrent patients and elderly patients. Methods A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases to identify literatures (published from January 1, 2005 to April 1, 2017) that evaluated the associations between MGMT promoter methylation and prognosis of GBM patients. Results Totally, 66 studies including 7,886 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall GBM patients with a methylated status of MGMT receiving temozolomide (TMZ)-containing treatment had better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) [OS: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–0.52, p < 0.001, Bon = 0.017; PFS: HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.40–0.57, p < 0.001, Bon = 0.014], but no significant advantage on OS or PFS in GBM patients with TMZ-free treatment was observed (OS: HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.91–1.03, p = 0.08, Bon = 1; PFS: HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.57–1.02, p = 0.068, Bon = 0.748). These different impacts of MGMT status on OS were similar in newly diagnosed GBM patients, elderly GBM patients and recurrent GBM. Among patients receiving TMZ-free treatment, survival benefit in Asian patients was not observed anymore after Bonferroni correction (Asian OS: HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.95, p = 0.02, Bon = 0.24, I2 = 0%; PFS: HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.50–0.94, p = 0.02, Bon = 0.24). No benefit was observed in Caucasian receiving TMZ-free therapy regardless of Bonferroni adjustment. Conclusion The meta-analysis highlights the universal predictive value of MGMT methylation in newly diagnosed GBM patients, elderly GBM patients and recurrent GBM patients. For elderly methylated GBM patients, TMZ alone therapy might be a more suitable option than radiotherapy alone therapy. Future clinical trials should be designed in order to optimize therapeutics in different GBM subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Weng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie-Li Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lindberg OR, McKinney A, Engler JR, Koshkakaryan G, Gong H, Robinson AE, Ewald AJ, Huillard E, David James C, Molinaro AM, Shieh JT, Phillips JJ. GBM heterogeneity as a function of variable epidermal growth factor receptor variant III activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79101-79116. [PMID: 27738329 PMCID: PMC5346701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) due to a deletion of exons 2-7 of EGFR (EGFRvIII) is a common alteration in glioblastoma (GBM). While this alteration can drive gliomagenesis, tumors harboring EGFRvIII are heterogeneous. To investigate the role for EGFRvIII activation in tumor phenotype we used a neural progenitor cell-based murine model of GBM driven by EGFR signaling and generated tumor progenitor cells with high and low EGFRvIII activation, pEGFRHi and pEGFRLo. In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies suggested a direct association between EGFRvIII activity and increased tumor cell proliferation, decreased tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and altered progenitor cell phenotype. Time-lapse confocal imaging of tumor cells in brain slice cultures demonstrated blood vessel co-option by tumor cells and highlighted differences in invasive pattern. Inhibition of EGFR signaling in pEGFRHi promoted cell differentiation and increased cell-matrix adhesion. Conversely, increased EGFRvIII activation in pEGFRLo reduced cell-matrix adhesion. Our study using a murine model for GBM driven by a single genetic driver, suggests differences in EGFR activation contribute to tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle R Lindberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew McKinney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jane R Engler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gayane Koshkakaryan
- Touro University California, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Henry Gong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron E Robinson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Departments of Cell Biology, Oncology, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) UMR-S975, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, Paris, France
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Targeting cellular pathways in glioblastoma multiforme. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17040. [PMID: 29263927 PMCID: PMC5661637 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a debilitating disease that is associated with poor prognosis, short median patient survival and a very limited response to therapies. GBM has a very complex pathogenesis that involves mutations and alterations of several key cellular pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration and angiogenesis. Therefore, efforts that are directed toward better understanding of GBM pathogenesis are essential to the development of efficient therapies that provide hope and extent patient survival. In this review, we outline the alterations commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis and summarize therapeutic strategies that are aimed at targeting aberrant cellular pathways in GBM.
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70
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Nieto Gutierrez A, McDonald PH. GPCRs: Emerging anti-cancer drug targets. Cell Signal 2017; 41:65-74. [PMID: 28931490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest and most diverse protein family in the human genome with over 800 members identified to date. They play critical roles in numerous cellular and physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, neurotransmission, development and apoptosis. Consequently, aberrant receptor activity has been demonstrated in numerous disorders/diseases, and as a result GPCRs have become the most successful drug target class in pharmaceuticals treating a wide variety of indications such as pain, inflammation, neurobiological and metabolic disorders. Many independent studies have also demonstrated a key role for GPCRs in tumourigenesis, establishing their involvement in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Given the growing appreciation of the role(s) that GPCRs play in cancer pathogenesis, it is surprising to note that very few GPCRs have been effectively exploited in pursuit of anti-cancer therapies. The present review provides a broad overview of the roles that various GPCRs play in cancer growth and development, highlighting the potential of pharmacologically modulating these receptors for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Nieto Gutierrez
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
| | - Patricia H McDonald
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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Chung LK, Pelargos PE, Chan AM, Demos JV, Lagman C, Sheppard JP, Nguyen T, Chang YL, Hojat SA, Prins RM, Liau LM, Nghiemphu L, Lai A, Cloughesy TF, Yong WH, Gordon LK, Wadehra M, Yang I. Tissue microarray analysis for epithelial membrane protein-2 as a novel biomarker for gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2017; 35:1-9. [PMID: 28887715 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-017-0300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) expression is noted in many human cancers. We evaluated EMP2 as a biomarker in gliomas. A large tissue microarray of lower grade glioma (WHO grades II-III, n = 19 patients) and glioblastoma (GBM) (WHO grade IV, n = 50 patients) was stained for EMP2. EMP2 expression was dichotomized to low or high expression scores and correlated with clinical data. The mean EMP2 expression was 1.68 in lower grade gliomas versus 2.20 in GBMs (P = 0.01). The percentage of samples with high EMP2 expression was greater in GBMs than lower grade gliomas (90.0 vs. 52.6%, P = 0.001). No significant difference was found between median survival among patients with GBM tumors exhibiting high EMP2 expression and survival of those with low EMP2 expression (8.38 vs. 10.98 months, P = 0.39). However, EMP2 expression ≥2 correlated with decreased survival (r = -0.39, P = 0.001). The EMP2 expression level also correlated with Ki-67 positivity (r = 0.34, P = 0.008). The mortality hazard ratio for GBM patients with EMP2 score of 3 or higher was 1.92 (CI 0.69-5.30). Our findings suggest that elevated EMP2 expression is associated with GBM. With other biomarkers, EMP2 may have use as a molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Panayiotis E Pelargos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ann M Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joanna V Demos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John P Sheppard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thien Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Seyed A Hojat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Leia Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin IV, Chekhonin VP. The EGFR variant III mutant as a target for immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Felsberg J, Hentschel B, Kaulich K, Gramatzki D, Zacher A, Malzkorn B, Kamp M, Sabel M, Simon M, Westphal M, Schackert G, Tonn JC, Pietsch T, von Deimling A, Loeffler M, Reifenberger G, Weller M. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III (EGFRvIII) Positivity in EGFR-Amplified Glioblastomas: Prognostic Role and Comparison between Primary and Recurrent Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6846-6855. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rajesh Y, Biswas A, Mandal M. Glioma progression through the prism of heat shock protein mediated extracellular matrix remodeling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:299-311. [PMID: 28844885 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glial tumor is one of the intrinsic brain tumors with high migratory and infiltrative potential. This essentially contributes to the overall poor prognosis by circumvention of conventional treatment regimen in glioma. The underlying mechanism in gliomagenesis is bestowed by two processes- Extracellular matrix (ECM) Remodeling and Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Heat Shock Family of proteins (HSPs), commonly known as "molecular chaperons" are documented to be upregulated in glioma. A positive correlation also exists between elevated expression of HSPs and invasive capacity of glial tumor. HSPs overexpression leads to mutational changes in glioma, which ultimately drive cells towards EMT, ECM modification, malignancy and invasion. Differential expression of HSPs - a factor providing cytoprotection to glioma cells, also contributes towards its radioresistance /chemoresistance. Various evidences also display upregulation of EMT and ECM markers by various heat shock inducing proteins e.g. HSF-1. The aim of this review is to study in detail the role of HSPs in EMT and ECM leading to radioresistance/chemoresistance of glioma cells. The existing treatment regimen for glioma could be enhanced by targeting HSPs through immunotherapy, miRNA and exosome mediated strategies. This could be envisaged by better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying glial tumorigenesis in relation to EMT and ECM remodeling under HSPs influence. Our review might showcase fresh potential for the development of next generation therapeutics for effective glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rajesh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Angana Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Type 5 phosphodiesterase regulates glioblastoma multiforme aggressiveness and clinical outcome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13223-13239. [PMID: 28099939 PMCID: PMC5355091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5), a cGMP-specific hydrolytic enzyme, is frequently altered in human cancer, but its specific role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. Herein, by analyzing a cohort of 69 patients affected by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who underwent chemo- and radiotherapy after surgical resection of the tumor, we found that PDE5 was strongly expressed in cancer cells in about 50% of the patients. Retrospective analysis indicated that high PDE5 expression in GBM cells significantly correlated with longer overall survival of patients. Furthermore, silencing of endogenous PDE5 by short hairpin lentiviral transduction (sh-PDE5) in the T98G GBM cell line induced activation of an invasive phenotype. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 activity strongly enhanced cell motility and invasiveness in T98G cells. This invasive phenotype was accompanied by increased secretion of metallo-proteinase 2 (MMP-2) and activation of protein kinase G (PKG). Moreover, PDE5 silencing markedly enhanced DNA damage repair and cell survival following irradiation. The enhanced radio-resistance of sh-PDE5 GBM cells was mediated by an increase of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) of cellular proteins and could be counteracted by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Conversely, PDE5 overexpression in PDE5-negative U87G cells significantly reduced MMP-2 secretion, inhibited their invasive potential and interfered with DNA damage repair and cell survival following irradiation. These studies identify PDE5 as a favorable prognostic marker for GBM, which negatively affects cell invasiveness and survival to ionizing radiation. Moreover, our work highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting PKG and/or PARP activity in this currently incurable subset of brain cancers.
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Marziali G, Buccarelli M, Giuliani A, Ilari R, Grande S, Palma A, D'Alessandris QG, Martini M, Biffoni M, Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L. A three-microRNA signature identifies two subtypes of glioblastoma patients with different clinical outcomes. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1115-1129. [PMID: 28248456 PMCID: PMC5579331 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by aggressive growth, limited response to therapy, and inexorable recurrence. Because of the extremely unfavorable prognosis of GBM, it is important to develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on biologically and clinically relevant patient stratification systems. Analyzing a collection of patient‐derived GBM stem‐like cells (GSCs) by gene expression profiling, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and signal transduction pathway activation, we identified two GSC clusters characterized by different clinical features. Due to the widely documented role played by microRNAs (miRNAs) in the tumorigenesis process, in this study we explored whether these two GBM patient subtypes could also be discriminated by different miRNA signatures. Global miRNA expression pattern was analyzed by oblique principal component analysis and principal component analysis. By a combined inferential strategy on PCA results, we identified a reduced set of three miRNAs – miR‐23a, miR‐27a, and miR‐9* (miR‐9‐3p) – able to discriminate the proneural‐ and mesenchymal‐like GSC phenotypes as well as mesenchymal and proneural subtypes of primary GBM included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant correlation between the selected miRNAs and overall survival in 429 GBM specimens from TCGA‐identifying patients who had an unfavorable outcome. The survival prognostic capability of the three‐miRNA signatures could have important implications for the understanding of the biology of GBM subtypes and could be useful in patient stratification to facilitate interpretation of results from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Marziali
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Ilari
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sveva Grande
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Palma
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Martini
- Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Reardon DA, Lassman AB, van den Bent M, Kumthekar P, Merrell R, Scott AM, Fichtel L, Sulman EP, Gomez E, Fischer J, Lee HJ, Munasinghe W, Xiong H, Mandich H, Roberts-Rapp L, Ansell P, Holen KD, Gan HK. Efficacy and safety results of ABT-414 in combination with radiation and temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:965-975. [PMID: 28039367 PMCID: PMC5570193 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RPTD), safety, and pharmacokinetics of ABT-414 plus radiation and temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. ABT-414 is a first-in-class, tumor-specific antibody-drug conjugate that preferentially targets tumors expressing overactive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). METHODS In this multicenter phase I study, patients received 0.5-3.2 mg/kg ABT-414 every 2 weeks by intravenous infusion. EGFR alterations, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter hypermethylation, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) gene mutations were assessed in patient tumors. Distinct prognostic classes were assigned to patients based on a Molecular Classification Predictor model. RESULTS As of January 7, 2016, forty-five patients were enrolled to receive ABT-414 plus radiation and temozolomide. The most common treatment emergent adverse events were ocular: blurred vision, dry eye, keratitis, photophobia, and eye pain. Ocular toxicity at any grade occurred in 40 patients and at grades 3/4 in 12 patients. RPTD and MTD were set at 2 mg/kg and 2.4 mg/kg, respectively. Among 38 patients with pretreatment tumor tested centrally, 39% harbored EGFR amplification, of which 73% had EGFRvIII mutation. Among patients with available tumor tissue (n = 30), 30% showed MGMT promoter methylation and none had IDH1 mutations. ABT-414 demonstrated an approximately dose proportional pharmacokinetic profile. The median duration of progression-free survival was 6.1 months; median overall survival has not been reached. CONCLUSION ABT-414 plus chemoradiation demonstrated an acceptable safety and pharmacokinetic profile in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Randomized studies are ongoing to determine efficacy in newly diagnosed (NCT02573324) and recurrent glioblastoma (NCT02343406).
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan Merrell
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Fichtel
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Gomez
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - JuDee Fischer
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ho-Jin Lee
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wijith Munasinghe
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hao Xiong
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Mandich
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Roberts-Rapp
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Ansell
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kyle D Holen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Neuro-Oncology Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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78
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Würstle S, Schneider F, Ringel F, Gempt J, Lämmer F, Delbridge C, Wu W, Schlegel J. Temozolomide induces autophagy in primary and established glioblastoma cells in an EGFR independent manner. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:322-328. [PMID: 28693171 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major contributions to the current molecular understanding of autophagy, a recycling process for intracellular components to maintain homeostatic balance, relatively little is known about the interacting networks. To address this issue, the current study investigated the role of autophagy in primary and established glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells and its interplay with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the standard chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ treatment leads to an upregulation of autophagy, predominantly in primary GBM cells. The interaction between EGFR and Beclin-1, an important protein in initiating autophagy, was assessed using a cancer cell line transfected with EGFRvIII, and by stimulation with EGF. The results of the current study suggest that Beclin-1 and EGFR do not interact directly in either primary or established GBM cells. To enable the limited efficacy of patient treatment strategies of GBM to potentially be enhanced through the application of autophagy regulators, the multiple cellular interactions of autophagy require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Würstle
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Schneider
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Lämmer
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Claire Delbridge
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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79
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Ramachandran R, Junnuthula VR, Gowd GS, Ashokan A, Thomas J, Peethambaran R, Thomas A, Unni AKK, Panikar D, Nair SV, Koyakutty M. Theranostic 3-Dimensional nano brain-implant for prolonged and localized treatment of recurrent glioma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43271. [PMID: 28262735 PMCID: PMC5338016 DOI: 10.1038/srep43271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics directly in brain-tumor for prolonged periods may radically improve the prognosis of recurrent glioblastoma. Here, we report a unique method of nanofiber by fiber controlled delivery of anti-cancer drug, Temozolomide, in orthotopic brain-tumor for one month using flexible polymeric nano-implant. A library of drug loaded (20 wt%) electrospun nanofiber of PLGA-PLA-PCL blends with distinct in vivo brain-release kinetics (hours to months) were numerically selected and a single nano-implant was formed by co-electrospinning of nano-fiber such that different set of fibres releases the drug for a specific periods from days to months by fiber-by-fiber switching. Orthotopic rat glioma implanted wafers showed constant drug release (116.6 μg/day) with negligible leakage into the peripheral blood (<100 ng) rendering ~1000 fold differential drug dosage in tumor versus peripheral blood. Most importantly, implant with one month release profile resulted in long-term (>4 month) survival of 85.7% animals whereas 07 day releasing implant showed tumor recurrence in 54.6% animals, rendering a median survival of only 74 days. In effect, we show that highly controlled drug delivery is possible for prolonged periods in orthotopic brain-tumor using combinatorial nanofibre libraries of bulk-eroding polymers, thereby controlling glioma recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Ramachandran
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | | | - G. Siddaramana Gowd
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anusha Ashokan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - John Thomas
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Reshmi Peethambaran
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anoop Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | | | - Dilip Panikar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Shantikumar V. Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
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80
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Current Status and Future Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8013575. [PMID: 28316990 PMCID: PMC5337853 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8013575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary neuroepithelial tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by an extremely aggressive clinical phenotype. Patients with GBM have a poor prognosis and only 3–5% of them survive for more than 5 years. The current GBM treatment standards include maximal resection followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant therapies. Despite these aggressive therapeutic regimens, the majority of patients suffer recurrence due to molecular heterogeneity of GBM. Consequently, a number of potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers have been investigated. Some of them, such as IDH mutations, 1p19q deletion, MGMT promoter methylation, and EGFRvIII amplification are frequently tested in routine clinical practice. With the development of sequencing technology, detailed characterization of GBM molecular signatures has facilitated a more personalized therapeutic approach and contributed to the development of a new generation of anti-GBM therapies such as molecular inhibitors targeting growth factor receptors, vaccines, antibody-based drug conjugates, and more recently inhibitors blocking the immune checkpoints. In this article, we review the exciting progress towards elucidating the potential of current and novel GBM biomarkers and discuss their implications for clinical practice.
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81
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Whilding LM, Parente-Pereira AC, Zabinski T, Davies DM, Petrovic RMG, Kao YV, Saxena SA, Romain A, Costa-Guerra JA, Violette S, Itamochi H, Ghaem-Maghami S, Vallath S, Marshall JF, Maher J. Targeting of Aberrant αvβ6 Integrin Expression in Solid Tumors Using Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cells. Mol Ther 2017; 25:259-273. [PMID: 28129120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the αvβ6 integrin is upregulated in several solid tumors. In contrast, physiologic expression of this epithelial-specific integrin is restricted to development and epithelial re-modeling. Here, we describe, for the first time, the development of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that couples the recognition of this integrin to the delivery of potent therapeutic activity in a diverse repertoire of solid tumor models. Highly selective targeting αvβ6 was achieved using a foot and mouth disease virus-derived A20 peptide, coupled to a fused CD28+CD3 endodomain. To achieve selective expansion of CAR T cells ex vivo, an IL-4-responsive fusion gene (4αβ) was co-expressed, which delivers a selective mitogenic signal to engineered T cells only. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in mice with established ovarian, breast, and pancreatic tumor xenografts, all of which express αvβ6 at intermediate to high levels. SCID beige mice were used for these studies because they are susceptible to cytokine release syndrome, unlike more immune-compromised strains. Nonetheless, although the CAR also engages mouse αvβ6, mild and reversible toxicity was only observed when supra-therapeutic doses of CAR T cells were administered parenterally. These data support the clinical evaluation of αvβ6 re-targeted CAR T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors that express this integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey M Whilding
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ana C Parente-Pereira
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tomasz Zabinski
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David M Davies
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roseanna M G Petrovic
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Y Vincent Kao
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shobhit A Saxena
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alex Romain
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jose A Costa-Guerra
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Hiroaki Itamochi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sabari Vallath
- Centre for Tumour Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John F Marshall
- Centre for Tumour Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John Maher
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre and Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 2UD, UK.
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Dokala A, Thakur SS. Extracellular region of epidermal growth factor receptor: a potential target for anti-EGFR drug discovery. Oncogene 2016; 36:2337-2344. [PMID: 27775071 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity involved in regulation of cellular multiplication, survival, differentiation and metastasis. Our knowledge about function and complex management of these receptors has driving the development of specific and targeted treatment modalities for human cancers in the last 20 years. EGFR is the first receptor target against which monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been evolved for cancer treatment. Here we review the biology of ErbB receptors, including their architecture, signaling, regulation and therapeutic strategies and the mechanisms of resistances offered by the receptors against small-molecule tyrosine kinases and resistance overcome implications of mAbs. The efficacy of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer depends on site specific extracellular region of EGFR, which has crucial role in process of dimerization and activation. This review highlights evolution of various resistance mechanisms due to consequences of current small-molecule anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dokala
- Proteomics and Cell Signaling, CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - S S Thakur
- Proteomics and Cell Signaling, CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
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83
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Struve N, Riedel M, Schulte A, Rieckmann T, Grob TJ, Gal A, Rothkamm K, Lamszus K, Petersen C, Dikomey E, Kriegs M. EGFRvIII does not affect radiosensitivity with or without gefitinib treatment in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33867-77. [PMID: 26418954 PMCID: PMC4741808 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBM) are often characterized by an elevated expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII). We used GBM cell lines with native EGFRvIII expression to determine whether this EGFR variant affects radiosensitivity with or without EGFR targeting. METHODS Experiments were performed with GBM cell lines lacking (LN229, U87MG, U251, CAS-1) or endogenously expressing EGFRvIII (BS153, DKMG). The two latter cell lines were also used to establish sublines with a low (-) or a high proportion (+) of cells expressing EGFRvIII. EGFR signaling and the cell cycle were analyzed using Western blot and flow cytometry; cell survival was assessed by colony forming assay and double-strand break repair capacity by immunofluorescence. RESULTS DKMG and BS153 parental cells with heterogeneous EGFRvIII expression were clearly more radiosensitive compared to other GBM cell lines without EGFRvIII expression. However, no significant difference was observed in cell proliferation, clonogenicity or radiosensitivity between the EGFRvIII- and + sublines derived from DKMG and BS153 parental cells. Expression of EGFRvIII was associated with decreased DSB repair capacity for BS153 but not for DKMG cells. The effects of EGFR targeting by gefitinib alone or in combination with irradiation were also found not to depend on EGFRvIII expression. Gefitinib was only observed to influence the proliferation of EGFRvIII- BS153 cells. CONCLUSION The data indicate that EGFRvIII does not alter radiosensitivity with or without anti-EGFR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Struve
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Riedel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulte
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias J Grob
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gal
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Dikomey
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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84
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Montano N, D’Alessandris QG, Izzo A, Fernandez E, Pallini R. Biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme: status quo. J Clin Transl Res 2016; 2:3-10. [PMID: 30873456 PMCID: PMC6410643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and most malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor. GBM shows poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 14.6 months, despite current surgical and adjuvant therapies. O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation is the strongest molecular prognosticator for GBM with therapeutic implications in adjuvant treatment. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is the most recently introduced molecular marker and is important for the GBM classification because distinguishes primary (de novo) from secondary GBM. In the last two decades huge advances in the understanding of biopathological bases of gliomagenesis have been made but, to date, there is a lack of biopathological markers endowed of some prognostic and predictive value for GBM. AIM In the present review we analyzed the role, as possible prognosticators, of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) variant III (EGFRvIII), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion and other alteration of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathway, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We included in the review studies considering both the prognostic value and the predictive value for response to therapy of the above-mentioned biomarkers. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS These factors have a paramount importance in gliomagenesis and are potential targets for individualized therapies. EGFR can be targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). mTOR, whose activation is triggered by PTEN loss, is the target of rapalogs and VEGF is the target of the molecular antibody bevacizumab. Unfortunately, current evidence is insufficient to draw a definite prognostic/predictive role for these biomarkers in GBM. Further understanding the gliomagenesis pathways and looking for biomarkers endowed with translational relevance are necessary efforts in order to find the appropriate, tailored therapy for each specific GBM patient.
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85
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Gatson NTN, Weathers SPS, de Groot JF. ReACT Phase II trial: a critical evaluation of the use of rindopepimut plus bevacizumab to treat EGFRvIII-positive recurrent glioblastoma. CNS Oncol 2015; 5:11-26. [PMID: 26670466 DOI: 10.2217/cns.15.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most deadly primary brain tumor in adults and has long represented a therapeutic challenge. Disease recurrence is inevitable, and the management of recurrent disease is complicated by spontaneous or induced tumor heterogeneity which confers resistance to therapy and increased oncogenicity. EGFR and the tumor-specific mutation EGFRvIII is commonly altered in glioblastoma making it an appealing therapeutic target. Immunotherapy is an emerging and promising therapeutic approach to glioma and the EGFRvIII vaccine, rindopepimut, is the first immunotherapeutic drug to enter Phase III clinical trials for glioblastoma. Rindopepimut activates a specific immune response against tumor cells harboring the EGFRvIII protein. This review evaluates the recently completed ReACT Phase II trial using rindopepimut plus bevacizumab in the setting of EGFRvIII-positive recurrent glioblastoma (Clinical Trials identifier: NCT01498328).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tosha N Gatson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0431, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Shiao-Pei S Weathers
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0431, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - John F de Groot
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0431, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Molecular subtypes, stem cells and heterogeneity: Implications for personalised therapy in glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:1219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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87
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Roth P, Weller M. Challenges to targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in glioblastoma: escape mechanisms and combinatorial treatment strategies. Neuro Oncol 2015; 16 Suppl 8:viii14-9. [PMID: 25342600 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification and activating mutations are common findings in glioblastomas. EGFR is at the top of a downstream signaling cascade that regulates important characteristics of glioblastoma cells, including cellular proliferation, migration, and survival. Targeting EGFR has therefore been regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma for decades. However, although various pharmacological inhibitors and anti-EGFR antibodies are available, the antiglioma activity of these agents has been largely limited to preclinical models, whereas their administration to glioblastoma patients was characterized by lack of clinical benefit. Comprehensive efforts have been made within the last years to understand the underlying mechanisms that confer resistance to EGFR inhibition in glioma cells. The absence of well-known mutations that predict response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in gliomas as well as the presence of redundant and alternative compensatory pathways are among the most important escape mechanisms that prevent potent antiglioma effects of EGFR-targeting drugs. Accordingly, an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies are aimed at overcoming this resistance by combinatorial approaches using anti-EGFR treatment together with one or more additional drugs. Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating resistance to anti-EGFR treatment and promising combinatorial approaches may help to better define a future role for EGFR inhibition in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., M.W.)
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., M.W.)
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van den Bent MJ, Gao Y, Kerkhof M, Kros JM, Gorlia T, van Zwieten K, Prince J, van Duinen S, Sillevis Smitt PA, Taphoorn M, French PJ. Changes in the EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII expression between paired primary and recurrent glioblastomas. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:935-41. [PMID: 25691693 PMCID: PMC5762005 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of novel targeted therapies is often tested at the time of tumor recurrence. However, for glioblastoma (GBM) patients, surgical resections at recurrence are performed only in a minority of patients; therefore, molecular data are predominantly derived from the initial tumor. Molecular data of the initial tumor for patient selection into personalized medicine trials can therefore be used only when the specific genetic change is retained in the recurrent tumor. METHODS In this study we determined whether EGFR amplification and expression of the most common mutation in GBMs (EGFRvIII) is retained at tumor recurrence. Because retention of genetic changes may be dependent on the initial treatment, we only used a cohort of GBM samples that were uniformly treated according to the current standard of care (ie, chemo-irradiation with temozolomide). RESULTS Our data show that, in spite of some quantitative differences, the EGFR amplification status remains stable in the majority (84%) of tumors evaluated. EGFRvIII expression remained similar in 79% of GBMs. However, within the tumors expressing EGFRvIII at initial diagnosis, approximately one-half lose their EGFRvIII expression at tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The relative stability of EGFR amplification indicates that molecular data obtained in the primary tumor can be used to predict the EGFR status of the recurrent tumor, but care should be taken in extrapolating EGFRvIII expression from the primary tumor, particularly when expressed at first diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Melissa Kerkhof
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Johan M. Kros
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Thierry Gorlia
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Kitty van Zwieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Jory Prince
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Sjoerd van Duinen
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Peter A. Sillevis Smitt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Martin Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
| | - Pim J. French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B., Y.G., K.v.Z., J.P., P.A.S.S., P.J.F.); Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands (J.M.K.); Department of Neurology, Haaglanden MC, The Hague, Netherlands (M.K., M.T.); EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands (S.v.D.)
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Wehrenberg-Klee E, Redjal N, Leece A, Turker NS, Heidari P, Shah K, Mahmood U. PET imaging of glioblastoma multiforme EGFR expression for therapeutic decision guidance. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 5:379-389. [PMID: 26269775 PMCID: PMC4529591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
After initial therapy and total resection of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 80-90% of recurrences occur at the surgical margins. Insufficient sensitivity and specificity of current imaging techniques based on non-specific vascular imaging agents lead to delay in diagnosis of residual and/or recurrent disease. A tumor-specific imaging agent for GBM may improve detection of small residual disease in the post-operative period, and improve ability to distinguish tumor recurrence from its imaging mimics that can delay diagnosis. To this end, we developed an EGFR-targeted PET probe and assessed its ability to image EGFR WT (U87) and EGFRvIII (Gli36vIII) expressing GBMs in both murine intra-cranial xenografts and in a surgical-resection model. The developed imaging probe, (64)Cu-DOTAcetuximab-F(ab´)2, binds with a Kd of 11.2 nM to EGFR expressing GBM. (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab-F(ab´)2 specifically localized to intra-cranial tumor with a significant difference in SUVmean between tumor and contralateral brain for both Gli36vIII and U87 tumors (P<0.01 for both comparisons), with mean TBR of 22.5±0.7 for Gli36vIII tumors and 28.9±2.1 for U87 tumors (TBR±SEM). Tracer uptake by tumor was significantly inhibited by pre-injection with cetuximab (P<0.01 for both), with SUVmean reduced by 68% and 58% for Gli36vIII and U87 tumors, respectively. Surgical resection model PET-CT imaging demonstrates residual tumor and low nonspecific uptake in the resection site. We conclude that (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab-F(ab´)2 binds specifically to intracranial EGFR WT and EGFRvIII expressing GBM, demonstrates excellent TBR, and specifically images small residual tumor in a surgical model, suggesting future clinical utility in identifying true tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wehrenberg-Klee
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA
| | - Navid Redjal
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA
| | - Alicia Leece
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA
| | - N Selcan Turker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Molecular Neurotherapy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA
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90
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D'Alimonte I, Nargi E, Zuccarini M, Lanuti P, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. Potentiation of temozolomide antitumor effect by purine receptor ligands able to restrain the in vitro growth of human glioblastoma stem cells. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:331-46. [PMID: 25976165 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in humans, comprises a population of stem-like cells (GSCs) that are currently investigated as potential target for GBM therapy. Here, we used GSCs isolated from three different GBM surgical specimens to examine the antitumor activity of purines. Cultured GSCs expressed either metabotropic adenosine P1 and ATP P2Y receptors or ionotropic P2X7 receptors. GSC exposure for 48 h to 10-150 μM ATP, P2R ligand, or to ADPβS or MRS2365, P2Y1R agonists, enhanced cell expansion. This effect was counteracted by the PY1R antagonist MRS2500. In contrast, 48-h treatment with higher doses of ATP or UTP, which binds to P2Y2/4R, or 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (Bz-ATP), P2X7R agonist, decreased GSC proliferation. Such a reduction was due to apoptotic or necrotic cell death but mostly to growth arrest. Accordingly, cell regrowth and secondary neurosphere formation were observed 2 weeks after the end of treatment. Suramin, nonselective P2R antagonist, MRS1220 or AZ11645373, selective A3R or P2X7R antagonists, respectively, counteracted ATP antiproliferative effects. AZ11645373 also abolished the inhibitory effect of Bz-ATP low doses on GSC growth. These findings provide important clues on the anticancer potential of ligands for A3R, P2Y1R, and P2X7R, which are involved in the GSC growth control. Interestingly, ATP and BzATP potentiated the cytotoxicity of temozolomide (TMZ), currently used for GBM therapy, enabling it to cause a greater and long-lasting inhibitory effect on GSC duplication when readded to cells previously treated with purine nucleotides plus TMZ. These are the first findings identifying purine nucleotides as able to enhance TMZ antitumor efficacy and might have an immediate translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda D'Alimonte
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Crespo I, Vital AL, Gonzalez-Tablas M, Patino MDC, Otero A, Lopes MC, de Oliveira C, Domingues P, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Molecular and Genomic Alterations in Glioblastoma Multiforme. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1820-33. [PMID: 25976245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, important advances have been achieved in the understanding of the molecular biology of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); thus, complex genetic alterations and genomic profiles, which recurrently involve multiple signaling pathways, have been defined, leading to the first molecular/genetic classification of the disease. In this regard, different genetic alterations and genetic pathways appear to distinguish primary (eg, EGFR amplification) versus secondary (eg, IDH1/2 or TP53 mutation) GBM. Such genetic alterations target distinct combinations of the growth factor receptor-ras signaling pathways, as well as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/phosphatase and tensin homolog/AKT, retinoblastoma/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) N2A-p16(INK4A), and TP53/mouse double minute (MDM) 2/MDM4/CDKN2A-p14(ARF) pathways, in cells that present features associated with key stages of normal neurogenesis and (normal) central nervous system cell types. This translates into well-defined genomic profiles that have been recently classified by The Cancer Genome Atlas Consortium into four subtypes: classic, mesenchymal, proneural, and neural GBM. Herein, we review the most relevant genetic alterations of primary versus secondary GBM, the specific signaling pathways involved, and the overall genomic profile of this genetically heterogeneous group of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Crespo
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Louisa Vital
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - María Gonzalez-Tablas
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Research (Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer; Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Otero
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Celeste Lopes
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina de Oliveira
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricia Domingues
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Research (Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer; Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Research (Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer; Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Tabernero
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Research (Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer; Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Health Science Studies of Castilla and León Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Sohi AN, Rajabibazl M, Rasaee MJ, Omidfar K. The use of camel antibodies in development of EGFRvIII enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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93
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Cominelli M, Grisanti S, Mazzoleni S, Branca C, Buttolo L, Furlan D, Liserre B, Bonetti MF, Medicina D, Pellegrini V, Buglione M, Liserre R, Pellegatta S, Finocchiaro G, Dalerba P, Facchetti F, Pizzi M, Galli R, Poliani PL. EGFR amplified and overexpressing glioblastomas and association with better response to adjuvant metronomic temozolomide. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv041. [PMID: 25739547 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of robust predictive biomarkers, other than MGMT promoter methylation, makes temozolomide responsiveness in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients difficult to predict. However, we identified patients with long-term survival (≥35 months) within a group of newly diagnosed GBM patients treated with standard or metronomic adjuvant temozolomide schedules. We thus investigated possible molecular profiles associated with longer survival following temozolomide treatment. METHODS We investigated the association of molecular features with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Human-derived GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) were used to investigate in vitro molecular mechanisms associated with temozolomide responsiveness. Surgically removed recurrences allowed investigation of molecular changes occurring during therapy in vivo. Statistical analyses included one- and two-way analysis of variance, Student's t test, Cox proportional hazards, and the Kaplan-Meier method. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS No association was found between survival and gene classifiers associated with different molecular GBM subtypes in the standard-treated group, while in metronomic-treated patients robust association was found between EGFR amplification/overexpression and PFS and OS (OS, EGFR-high vs low: hazard ratiodeath = 0.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.09 to 0.55, P = .001). The result for OS remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (P interaction < .0005). Long-term survival following metronomic temozolomide was independent from MGMT and EGFRvIII status and was more pronounced in EGFR-overexpressing GBM patients with PTEN loss. In vitro findings confirmed a selective dose- and time-dependent decrease in survival of temozolomide-treated EGFR+ human-derived glioblastoma CSCs, which occurred through inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity. In addition, reduction in EGFR-amplified cells, along with a statistically significant decrease in NF-κB/p65 expression, were observed in specimens from recurrent metronomic-treated EGFR-overexpressing GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS EGFR-amplified/overexpressing glioblastomas strongly benefit from metronomic temozolomide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Stefania Mazzoleni
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Caterina Branca
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Luciano Buttolo
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Daniela Furlan
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Barbara Liserre
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Maria Fausta Bonetti
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Daniela Medicina
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Vilma Pellegrini
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Michela Buglione
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Roberto Liserre
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Piero Dalerba
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Rossella Galli
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology (MC, BL, MFB, DM, VP, FF, PLP) and Pharmacology Units (CB, MP), Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Medical Oncology (SG), Neurosurgery (LB), Radiation Oncology (MB), and Neuroradiology Departments (RL), Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (SM, RG); Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Italy (DF); Neurological Institute Besta, Milan, Italy (SP, GF); Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY (PD); IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MP)
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Ping Y, Zhang H, Deng Y, Wang L, Zhao H, Pang L, Fan H, Xu C, Li F, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Xiao Y, Li X. IndividualizedPath: identifying genetic alterations contributing to the dysfunctional pathways in glioblastoma individuals. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 10:2031-42. [PMID: 24911613 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive complexity and high genetic heterogeneity of genetic alterations in cancer, comprehensively depicting the molecular mechanisms of cancer remains difficult. Characterizing personalized pathogenesis in cancer individuals can help to reveal new details of the complex mechanisms. In this study, we proposed an integrative method called IndividualizedPath to identify genetic alterations and their downstream risk pathways from the perspective of individuals through combining the DNA copy number, gene expression data and topological structures of biological pathways. By applying the method to TCGA glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples, we identified 394 gene-pathway pairs in 252 GBM individuals. We found that genes with copy number alterations showed high heterogeneity across GBM individuals, whereas they affected relatively consistent biological pathways. A global landscape of gene-pathway pairs showed that EGFR linked with multiple cancer-related biological pathways confers the highest risk of GBM. GBM individuals with MET-pathway pairs showed significantly shorter survival times than those with only MET amplification. Importantly, we found that the same risk pathways were affected by different genes in distinct groups of GBM individuals with a significant pattern of mutual exclusivity. Similarly, GBM subtype analysis revealed some subtype-specific gene-pathway pairs. In addition, we found that some rare copy number alterations had a large effect on contribution to numerous cancer-related pathways. In summary, our method offers the possibility to identify personalized cancer mechanisms, which can be applied to other types of cancer through the web server (http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/IndividualizedPath/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ping
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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95
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Santana SM, Antonyak MA, Cerione RA, Kirby BJ. Cancerous epithelial cell lines shed extracellular vesicles with a bimodal size distribution that is sensitive to glutamine inhibition. Phys Biol 2014; 11:065001. [PMID: 25426818 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/11/6/065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular shed vesicles (ESVs) facilitate a unique mode of cell-cell communication wherein vesicle uptake can induce a change in the recipient cell's state. Despite the intensity of ESV research, currently reported data represent the bulk characterization of concentrated vesicle samples with little attention paid to heterogeneity. ESV populations likely represent diversity in mechanisms of formation, cargo and size. To better understand ESV subpopulations and the signaling cascades implicated in their formation, we characterize ESV size distributions to identify subpopulations in normal and cancerous epithelial cells. We have discovered that cancer cells exhibit bimodal ESV distributions, one small-diameter and another large-diameter population, suggesting that two mechanisms may govern ESV formation, an exosome population and a cancer-specific microvesicle population. Altered glutamine metabolism in cancer is thought to fuel cancer growth but may also support metastatic niche formation through microvesicle production. We describe the role of a glutaminase inhibitor, compound 968, in ESV production. We have discovered that inhibiting glutamine metabolism significantly impairs large-diameter microvesicle production in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Michael Santana
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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96
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Cancer subclonal genetic architecture as a key to personalized medicine. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1410-20. [PMID: 24403863 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The future of personalized oncological therapy will likely rely on evidence-based medicine to integrate all of the available evidence to delineate the most efficacious treatment option for the patient. To undertake evidence-based medicine through use of targeted therapy regimens, identification of the specific underlying causative mutation(s) driving growth and progression of a patient's tumor is imperative. Although molecular subtyping is important for planning and treatment, intraclonal genetic diversity has been recently highlighted as having significant implications for biopsy-based prognosis. Overall, delineation of the clonal architecture of a patient's cancer and how this will impact on the selection of the most efficacious therapy remain a topic of intense interest.
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97
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Herzog S, Fink MA, Weitmann K, Friedel C, Hadlich S, Langner S, Kindermann K, Holm T, Böhm A, Eskilsson E, Miletic H, Hildner M, Fritsch M, Vogelgesang S, Havemann C, Ritter CA, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Rauch B, Hoffmann W, Kroemer HK, Schroeder H, Bien-Möller S. Pim1 kinase is upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme and mediates tumor cell survival. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:223-42. [PMID: 25155357 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and common primary brain tumor of adults, involves surgery and a combined radiochemotherapy that controls tumor progression only for a limited time window. Therefore, the identification of new molecular targets is highly necessary. Inhibition of kinases has become a standard of clinical oncology, and thus the oncogenic kinase Pim1 might represent a promising target for improvement of GBM therapy. METHODS Expression of Pim1 and associated signaling molecules was analyzed in human GBM samples, and the potential role of this kinase in patients' prognosis was evaluated. Furthermore, we analyzed the in vivo role of Pim1 in GBM cell growth in an orthotopic mouse model and examined the consequences of Pim1 inhibition in vitro to clarify underlying pathways. RESULTS In comparison with normal brain, a strong upregulation of Pim1 was demonstrated in human GBM samples. Notably, patients with short overall survival showed a significantly higher Pim1 expression compared with GBM patients who lived longer than the median. In vitro experiments with GBM cells and analysis of patients' GBM samples suggest that Pim1 regulation is dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor. Furthermore, inhibition of Pim1 resulted in reduced cell viability accompanied by decreased cell numbers and increased apoptotic cells, as seen by elevated subG1 cell contents and caspase-3 and -9 activation, as well as modulation of several cell cycle or apoptosis regulatory proteins. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, Pim1 could be a novel therapeutic target, which should be further analyzed to improve the outcome of patients with aggressive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Herzog
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Matthias Alexander Fink
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Kerstin Weitmann
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Claudius Friedel
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Stefan Hadlich
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Sönke Langner
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Katharina Kindermann
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Tobias Holm
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Andreas Böhm
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Markus Hildner
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Michael Fritsch
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Silke Vogelgesang
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Christoph Havemann
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Christoph Alexander Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Henriette Elisabeth Meyer zu Schwabedissen
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Bernhard Rauch
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Heyo Klaus Kroemer
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Henry Schroeder
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
| | - Sandra Bien-Möller
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT (S.H., M.H., M.A.F., T.H., A.B., H.E.M.z.S., H.K.K., B.R., S.B-M.); Institute of Pathology (S.V.); Institute of Pharmacy (C.A.R.); Institute for Community Medicine (K.W., C.H., W.H.); Clinic of Neurosurgery (C.F., M.F., H.S.); Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (S.H., K.K., S.L.); Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (E.E., H.M.)
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Faulkner C, Palmer A, Williams H, Wragg C, Haynes HR, White P, DeSouza RM, Williams M, Hopkins K, Kurian KM. EGFR and EGFRvIII analysis in glioblastoma as therapeutic biomarkers. Br J Neurosurg 2014; 29:23-29. [PMID: 25141189 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2014.950631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION EGFR and EGFRvIII analysis is of current interest because of new EGFRvIII vaccine trials opened in the UK. EGFR activation promotes cellular proliferation via activation of MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways. EGFRvIII is the most common variant resulting from an in-frame deletion of 801bp, leading to constitutively active EGFR. METHOD 51 glioblastoma samples from a cohort of 50 patients were tested for EGFR amplification by FISH and immunohistochemistry and EGFRvIII expression by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. EGFR and EGFRvIII expression was compared with Overall Survival in the cohort. RESULTS Overall 22/51 samples (43%) were positive for EGFR, 16/51 (31%) were positive for EGFRvIII and 13/51 (25%) were positive for both. 9/51 cases (18%) were positive for EGFR alone, and 3/51 (6%) were positive for EGFRvIII alone. Of the EGFR positive cases, 22/51 (43%) were positive by FISH, 24/51 (47%) were positive by IHC and 2/51 (4%) were discrepant between methods (positive by IHC but non-amplified by FISH). Of the EGFRvIII positive cases, 16/51 (31%) were positive by RT-PCR, 17/51 (33%) were positive by IHC and 1/51 (2%) sample was discrepant (positive by IHC but not by RT-PCR). Neither EGFRvIII or EGFR are predictive of overall survival in this cohort. CONCLUSION In our cohort, 25/51 (49%) of GBM showed EGFR alterations, including 16/51 (31%) with EGFRvIII. There was high concordance between IHC and FISH (96%) and IHC and RT-PCR (98%) as diagnostic methods. Neither EGFR or EGFRvIII is predictive of overall survival in this cohort. These results are key for selecting patients for novel individualised anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Faulkner
- a Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust , Bristol , UK
| | - Abigail Palmer
- a Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust , Bristol , UK
| | - Hannah Williams
- b Department of Neuropathology , Brain Tumour Research Group, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Christopher Wragg
- a Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust , Bristol , UK
| | - Harry R Haynes
- b Department of Neuropathology , Brain Tumour Research Group, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Paul White
- d Department of Biostatistics , University of West of England , Bristol , UK
| | - Ruth-Mary DeSouza
- c Department of Neurosurgery , King's College Hospital , London , UK
| | - Maggie Williams
- a Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust , Bristol , UK
| | - Kirsten Hopkins
- d Department of Biostatistics , University of West of England , Bristol , UK.,e Department of Neuro-oncology , Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre , Bristol , UK
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- b Department of Neuropathology , Brain Tumour Research Group, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol , Bristol , UK
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99
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Tsankova NM, Canoll P. Advances in genetic and epigenetic analyses of gliomas: a neuropathological perspective. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:481-90. [PMID: 24962200 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors, are universally fatal once they progress from low-grade into high-grade neoplasms. In recent years, we have accumulated unprecedented data about the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in gliomas; yet, our appreciation of how these deadly tumors arise is still rudimentary. One of the major deterrents in understanding gliomagenesis is the remarkably complex and heterogeneous molecular composition of gliomas, as well as their ability to change phenotypically as they progress and recur. In the past decade, several monumental studies have begun to define better glioma heterogeneity. Four distinct molecular subgroups have emerged: proneural, classical, mesenchymal, and neural; which have unique gene expression signatures and prognostic significance. Of these, gliomas of the proneural subtype, which encompass most grade II/III diffuse gliomas and secondary glioblastomas and often carry isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, have emerged as a distinct tumor subclass with a notably superior prognosis. Important molecular markers with prognostic relevance, such as mutant IDH1/2, have already been incorporated into clinical neuropathological practice. The recent molecular discoveries in gliomas have also emphasized the intimate link between epigenetics and genetics in gliomagenesis. Several of the novel genetic mutations described are responsible for distinct epigenetic remodeling in gliomas, the mechanisms of which are currently being elucidated. Importantly, these epigenetic and genomic alterations represent new and exciting drug targets for future therapeutic interventions in our continuous fight with this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda M Tsankova
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,
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100
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Olar A, Aldape KD. Using the molecular classification of glioblastoma to inform personalized treatment. J Pathol 2014; 232:165-77. [PMID: 24114756 PMCID: PMC4138801 DOI: 10.1002/path.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive diffuse glioma, associated with short survival and uniformly fatal outcome, irrespective of treatment. It is characterized by morphological, genetic and gene-expression heterogeneity. The current standard of treatment is maximal surgical resection, followed by radiation, with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity, most tumours develop resistance to treatment and shortly recur. Following recurrence, glioblastoma is quickly fatal in the majority of cases. Recent genetic molecular advances have contributed to a better understanding of glioblastoma pathophysiology and disease stratification. In this paper we review basic glioblastoma pathophysiology, with emphasis on clinically relevant genetic molecular alterations and potential targets for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Olar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
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