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Silva WD, Millar JG, Hanks LM, Bento JMS. 10-Methyldodecanal, a Novel Attractant Pheromone Produced by Males of the South American Cerambycid Beetle Eburodacrys vittata. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160727. [PMID: 27512985 PMCID: PMC4981399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification, synthesis, and field bioassay of a novel attractant pheromone produced by males of Eburodacrys vittata (Blanchard), a South American cerambycid beetle in the subfamily Cerambycinae. Headspace volatiles from males contained a sex-specific compound, identified as 10-methyldodecanal. In a field bioassay conducted in Brazil, significant numbers of males and females were caught in traps baited with synthesized racemic 10-methyldodecanal, consistent with the aggregation-sex pheromones produced by males of many cerambycine species. This compound represents a new structural class of cerambycid pheromones, and it is the first pheromone identified for a species in the tribe Eburiini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D. Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - José Maurício S. Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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(6E,8Z)-6,8-Pentadecadienal, a Novel Attractant Pheromone Produced by Males of the Cerambycid Beetles Chlorida festiva and Chlorida costata. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1082-1085. [PMID: 27515934 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification, synthesis, and first field bioassays of a pheromone component with a novel structure produced by adult males of Chlorida festiva (L.) and Chlorida costata Audinet-Serville, longhorn beetle species in the subfamily Cerambycinae. Headspace volatiles from males contained a sex-specific compound that was identified as (6E,8Z)-6,8-pentadecadienal. Traps baited with this compound captured adults of both species and sexes, consistent with the aggregation-sex pheromones produced by males of many species in this subfamily. This compound represents a new structural class of cerambycid pheromones, and it is the first pheromone identified from species in the tribe Bothriospilini.
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Hanks LM, Millar JG. Sex and Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles: Basic Science and Practical Applications. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:631-54. [PMID: 27501814 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research since 2004 has shown that the use of volatile attractants and pheromones is widespread in the large beetle family Cerambycidae, with pheromones now identified from more than 100 species, and likely pheromones for many more. The pheromones identified to date from species in the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Spondylidinae, and Lamiinae are all male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes, whereas all known examples for species in the subfamilies Prioninae and Lepturinae are female-produced sex pheromones that attract only males. Here, we summarize the chemistry of the known pheromones, and the optimal methods for their collection, analysis, and synthesis. Attraction of cerambycids to host plant volatiles, interactions between their pheromones and host plant volatiles, and the implications of pheromone chemistry for invasion biology are discussed. We also describe optimized traps, lures, and operational parameters for practical applications of the pheromones in detection, sampling, and management of cerambycids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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54
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Schmeelk TC, Millar JG, Hanks LM. Influence of Trap Height and Bait Type on Abundance and Species Diversity of Cerambycid Beetles Captured in Forests of East-Central Illinois. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1750-1757. [PMID: 27298428 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We assessed how height of panel traps above the forest floor, and the type of trap bait used, influenced the abundance and diversity of cerambycid beetles caught in forested areas of east-central Illinois. Panel traps were suspended from branches of hardwood trees at three heights above the ground: understory (∼1.5 m), lower canopy (∼6 m), and midcanopy (∼12 m). Traps were baited with either a multispecies blend of synthesized cerambycid pheromones or a fermenting bait mixture. Traps captured a total of 848 beetles of 50 species in the cerambycid subfamilies Cerambycinae, Lamiinae, Lepturinae, and Parandrinae, and one species in the closely related family Disteniidae. The species caught in highest numbers was the cerambycine Anelaphus pumilus (Newman), represented by 349 specimens. The 17 most abundant species (mean ± 1 SD: 45 ± 80 specimens per species) included 12 cerambycine and five lamiine species. Of these most abundant species, 13 (77%) were attracted to traps baited with the pheromone blend. Only the cerambycine Eburia quadrigeminata (Say) was attracted by the fermenting bait. Three species were captured primarily in understory traps, and another five species primarily in midcanopy traps. Variation among cerambycid species in their vertical distribution in forests accounted for similar overall abundances and species richness across trap height treatments. These findings suggest that trapping surveys of native communities of cerambycids, and quarantine surveillance for newly introduced exotic species, would be optimized by including a variety of trap baits and distributing traps across vertical strata of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Schmeelk
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; )
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 and
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; ),
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Skabeikis DD, Teale SA, Fierke MK. Diel Rhythms in Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Production of and Response to a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:1017-1021. [PMID: 27252408 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that several species in the genus Monochamus, including Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus (Say) and Monochamus notatus (Drury), a close congener, are attracted to an aggregation pheromone, monochamol, but only M. s. scutellatus produces it. Investigations were conducted to determine if there is a diel rhythm in production of monochamol or response to monochamol + host attractants in field trials by M. s. scutellatus and M. notatus to prevent cross attraction with each other. Volatiles were collected from males and females of M. s. scutellatus and M. notatus every 8 h and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Traps baited with monochamol and the host volatiles α-pinene and ethanol were checked every 8 h in field tests. Only male M. s. scutellatus produced the pheromone, and did so in similar quantities during each 8-h time interval assessed, suggesting there is no diel rhythm in pheromone production. In field tests conducted in early to mid-July, significantly more M. s. scutellatus were captured during morning hours, and significantly more M. notatus were caught during afternoon or early evening hours, suggesting temporal partitioning of flight or in their response to the pheromone lures when both species are present. A temporal switch occurred later in the seasonal flight period (mid-August) when densities of M. s. scutellatus were low; all M. notatus and only one M. s. scutellatus were caught during morning hours. This suggests a temporal separation in mate location behavior when both species are abundant and using the same host to avoid interspecific mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Skabeikis
- State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 (; ; )
| | - S A Teale
- State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 (; ; )
| | - M K Fierke
- State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 (; ; )
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Hayes RA, Griffiths MW, Nahrung HF, Arnold PA, Hanks LM, Millar JG. Optimizing Generic Cerambycid Pheromone Lures for Australian Biosecurity and Biodiversity Monitoring. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1741-1749. [PMID: 27247298 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cerambycid beetles comprise a diverse family that includes many economically important pests of living and dead trees. Pheromone lures have been developed for cerambycids in many parts of the world, but to date, have not been tested in Australia. In this study, we tested the efficacy of several pheromones, identified from North American and European species, as attractants for cerambycids at three sites in southeast Queensland, Australia. Over two field seasons, we trapped 863 individuals from 47 cerambycid species. In the first season, racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one was the most attractive compound among the eight pheromones tested. Subsequently, we aimed to optimize trapping success by combining this compound with other components. However, neither the addition of other pheromone components nor host plant volatiles improved the efficacy of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one alone. We also tested a generic pheromone blend developed for North American cerambycids, and found that only the combination of this blend with host plant volatiles improved trapping success. The Australian cerambycid fauna is not well known, and effective lures for use in trapping beetles would greatly assist in the study of this important group. Effective semiochemical lures would also have implications for biosecurity through improved monitoring for invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hayes
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4558, Australia (; ; ) Horticulture and Forestry Science, Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - M W Griffiths
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4558, Australia (; ; ) Horticulture and Forestry Science, Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - H F Nahrung
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4558, Australia (; ; ) Horticulture and Forestry Science, Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - P A Arnold
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - L M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - J G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Skabeikis DD, Fierke MK, Teale SA. Field Response of Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus and Monochamus notatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to the Male-Produced Pheromone, 2-(Undecyloxy)-Ethanol, and Host Volatiles. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1220-1225. [PMID: 27133580 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus (Say) and Monochamus notatus (Drury) are pests of pines due to their ability to vector pinewood nematode, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. Several species of the genus Monochamus use the male-produced aggregation pheromone monochamol, which could potentially be an important component of lures for monitoring these species. In this study, investigations were conducted to determine if traps baited with monochamol were more attractive to male and female M. s. scutellatus and M. notatus with addition of two host volatiles, α-pinene and ethanol. In field tests, traps baited with monochamol + α-pinene or monochamol + α-pinene + ethanol caught significantly more M. s. scutellatus and M. notatus than either controls or monochamol alone. The mean female to male sex ratios of captured beetles increased with the addition of monochamol to α-pinene or α-pinene + ethanol for M. s. scutellatus , but only increased for M. notatus when added to α-pinene + ethanol. These results indicate monochamol can be utilized in formulating highly attractive lures with host volatiles for detection and monitoring of these species.
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58
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Allison JD, Graham EE, Poland TM, Strom BL. Dilution of Fluon Before Trap Surface Treatment Has No Effect on Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Captures. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1215-1219. [PMID: 27106229 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have observed that trap captures of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) can be increased by treating the surface of intercept traps with a lubricant. In addition to being expensive, these treatments can alter the spectral properties of intercept traps when applied neat. These surface treatments, particularly Fluon, are commonly used diluted as a low friction coating to prevent insects from climbing out of rearing containers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diluting Fluon on the spectral properties of treated corrugated plastic traps and the capture of longhorned beetles including Monochamus scutellatus (Say), Monochamus mutator (LeConte), and Monochamus notatus (Drury). Intercept panel traps were baited with attractant semiochemicals and treated with either undiluted (i.e., 100%) Fluon, a 1:1 mixture of Fluon and water (50%), a 1:9 mixture of Fluon and water (10%), or untreated. There were no obvious differences in the relative reflectance of untreated black Coroplast plastic or black Coroplast plastic treated with 50 or 10% Fluon. Traps treated with 100% Fluon had similar patterns of peak reflectance to the other treatments but overall had higher relative reflectance. In general, no effect of diluting the Fluon was observed for male or female M. scutellatus or M. mutator , but an effect of treating traps with Fluon was observed. Similar results were observed for the combined captures of Clytus ruricola Olivier, Cyrtophorus verrucosus Olivier, Megacyllene caryae (Gahan), Xylotrechus colonus (F.), Neoclytus acuminatus (F.), Neoclytus mucronatus (F.), and Phymatodes testaceus (L.). No treatment effect was observed for M. notatus .
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59
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Collignon RM, Swift IP, Zou Y, McElfresh JS, Hanks LM, Millar JG. The Influence of Host Plant Volatiles on the Attraction of Longhorn Beetles to Pheromones. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:215-29. [PMID: 26980612 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Host plant volatiles have been shown to strongly synergize the attraction of some longhorn beetle species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to their pheromones. This synergism is well documented among species that infest conifers, but less so for angiosperm-infesting species. To explore the extent of this phenomenon in the Cerambycidae, we first tested the responses of a cerambycid community to a generic pheromone blend in the presence or absence of chipped material from host plants as a source of host volatiles. In the second phase, blends of oak and conifer volatiles were reconstructed, and tested at low, medium, and high release rates with the pheromone blend. For conifer-infesting species in the subfamilies Spondylidinae and Lamiinae, conifer volatiles released at the high rate synergized attraction of some species to the pheromone blend. When comparing high-release rate conifer blend with high-release rate α-pinene as a single component, species responses varied, with Asemum nitidum LeConte being most attracted to pheromones plus α-pinene, whereas Neospondylis upiformis (Mannerheim) were most attracted to pheromones plus conifer blend and ethanol. For oak-infesting species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, with the exception of Phymatodes grandis Casey, which were most attracted to pheromones plus ethanol, neither synthetic oak blend nor ethanol increased attraction to pheromones. The results indicate that the responses to combinations of pheromones with host plant volatiles varied from synergistic to antagonistic, depending on beetle species. Release rates of host plant volatiles also were important, with some high release rates being antagonistic for oak-infesting species, but acting synergistically for conifer-infesting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maxwell Collignon
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Ian P Swift
- California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - J Steven McElfresh
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Zou Y, Rutledge CE, Nakamuta K, Maier CT, Hanks LM, Richards AB, Lacey ES, Millar JG. Identification of a Pheromone Component and a Critical Synergist for the Invasive Beetle Callidiellum rufipenne (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:216-222. [PMID: 26510607 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The invasive Asian cerambycid beetle Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), informally known as the Japanese cedar longhorned beetle, was first detected in North America in North Carolina in 1997. The beetle has since been detected in neighboring states and is expected to further expand its range. However, delineating the current distribution of C. rufipenne has been hindered by the lack of efficient sampling methods. Here, we present the results of research on the chemistry of volatile pheromones of C. rufipenne. Analyses of headspace odors revealed that males produce (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, with lesser amounts of (S)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, and (R)- and (S)-2-hydroxyhexan-3-one. In field bioassays conducted over several years in Connecticut, where populations of the beetle were well established, no reconstructed blend of these compounds was significantly attractive to beetles of either sex. However, during field trials in Japan that targeted another species, we discovered that adult male and female C. rufipenne were attracted to a blend of racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and a novel natural product, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2-propanedione. Attraction to (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and the pyrrole subsequently was confirmed in field trials in Connecticut. Although it is unclear why the pyrrole acts as a synergist for a species that apparently does not produce it, the serendipitous discovery that adult C. rufipenne are attracted by the blend of ketone and pyrrole provides a badly needed method for monitoring its ongoing range expansion within North America, and for detecting new introductions in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; ; )
| | - Claire E Rutledge
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504 (; )
| | - Kiyoshi Nakamuta
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Chris T Maier
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504 (; )
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 ,
| | - Austin B Richards
- Aquatic Bioassessment Laboratory, California State University, Chico, CA 95929
| | - Emerson S Lacey
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; ; )
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; ; )
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61
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Wickham JD, Millar JG, Hanks LM, Zou Y, Wong JCH, Harrison RD, Chen Y. 2R,3S)-2,3-Octanediol, a Female-Produced Sex Pheromone of Megopis costipennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:223-228. [PMID: 26590160 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During field screening trials of a number of known cerambycid pheromones in China, males of Megopis costipennis (White) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Callipogonini) were found to be specifically attracted to racemic anti-2,3-octanediol, suggesting that one of the enantiomers of this compound might be a female-produced sex pheromone of this species. Analysis of volatiles produced by beetles of both sexes confirmed this hypothesis: females produced (2R,3S)-2,3-octanediol, whereas males did not, and in coupled gas chromatography–electroantennogram detection analyses, antennae from male beetles responded strongly to this compound. In field trials, males were equally attracted to traps baited with either (2R,3S)-2,3-octanediol or racemic anti-2,3-octanediol, indicating that the enantiomeric (2S,3R)-2,3-octanediol does not antagonize attraction to the naturally produced enantiomer. Thus, the more economical racemic anti-2,3-octanediol can be used for trap baits for this species. Homologous 2,3-hexanediols previously had been identified as sex pheromones or sex attractants of prionine species in the genus Tragosoma Audinet-Serville of the tribe Meroscelisini.
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Hansen L, Xu T, Wickham J, Chen Y, Hao D, Hanks LM, Millar JG, Teale SA. Identification of a Male-Produced Pheromone Component of the Citrus Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora chinensis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134358. [PMID: 26241651 PMCID: PMC4524714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian wood-boring beetle Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important pest of hardwood trees in its native range, and has serious potential to invade other areas of the world through worldwide commerce in woody plants and wood products. This species already has been intercepted in North America, and is the subject of ongoing eradication efforts in several countries in Europe. Attractants such as pheromones would be immediately useful as baits in traps for its detection. Because long-range pheromones are frequently conserved among closely related species of cerambycids, we evaluated two components of the volatile pheromone produced by males of the congener A. glabripennis (Motschulsky), 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal, as potential pheromones of A. chinensis. Both compounds subsequently were detected in headspace volatiles from male A. chinensis, but not in volatiles from females. Only 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanol elicited responses from beetle antennae in coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram analyses, and this compound attracted adult A. chinensis of both sexes in field bioassays. These data suggest that 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol is an important component of the male-produced attractant pheromone of A. chinensis, which should find immediate use in quarantine monitoring for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hansen
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States of America
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States of America
| | - Jacob Wickham
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Department of Forest Protection, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Teale
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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63
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Ray AM, Millar JG, Moreira JA, McElfresh JS, Mitchell RF, Barbour JD, Hanks LM. North American Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Genus Neoclytus Share a Common Hydroxyhexanone-Hexanediol Pheromone Structural Motif. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1860-8. [PMID: 26470328 PMCID: PMC6281368 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many species of cerambycid beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae are known to use male-produced pheromones composed of one or a few components such as 3-hydroxyalkan-2-ones and the related 2,3-alkanediols. Here, we show that this pheromone structure is characteristic of the cerambycine genus Neoclytus Thomson, based on laboratory and field studies of 10 species and subspecies. Males of seven taxa produced pheromones composed of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one as a single component, and the synthetic pheromone attracted adults of both sexes in field bioassays, including the eastern North American taxa Neoclytus caprea (Say), Neoclytus mucronatus mucronatus (F.), and Neoclytus scutellaris (Olivier), and the western taxa Neoclytus conjunctus (LeConte), Neoclytus irroratus (LeConte), and Neoclytus modestus modestus Fall. Males of the eastern Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus (F.) and the western Neoclytus tenuiscriptus Fall produced (2S,3S)-2,3-hexanediol as their dominant or sole pheromone component. Preliminary data also revealed that males of the western Neoclytus balteatus LeConte produced a blend of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and (2S,3S)-2,3-hexanediol but also (2S,3S)-2,3-octanediol as a minor component. The fact that the hydroxyketone-hexanediol structural motif is consistent among these North American species provides further evidence of the high degree of conservation of pheromone structures among species in the subfamily Cerambycinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Ray
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207.
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jardel A Moreira
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | - Robert F Mitchell
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. Present address: Center for Insect Science and Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721
| | - James D Barbour
- University of Idaho Parma Research and Extension Center, Parma, ID 83660
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Zou Y, Millar JG, Blackwood JS, Van Duzor R, Hanks LM, Mongold-Diers JA, Wong JCH, Ray AM. (2S,4E)-2-Hydroxy-4-octen-3-one, a Male-Produced Attractant Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Tylonotus bimaculatus. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:670-7. [PMID: 26149425 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification of a novel pheromone structure from males of the cerambycid beetle Tylonotus bimaculatus Haldeman (Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini), a species native to eastern North America. Volatiles collected from adult males contained (2S,4E)-2-hydroxyoct-4-en-3-one (71%), (3R,4E)-3-hydroxyoct-4-en-2-one (15%), (E)-4-octen-2,3-dione (13%), and 2,3-octanedione (1.5%). Four independent field bioassays with synthetic compounds confirmed that adults of both sexes were attracted by the racemate of the major component, (E)-2-hydroxyoct-4-en-3-one. No other cerambycid species were attracted in significant numbers. Attraction of both sexes is consistent with the male-produced pheromones of many other species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, but T. bimaculatus is unusual in having a pheromone chemistry that is so far unique among species in that subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Mitchell RF, Reagel PF, Wong JCH, Meier LR, Silva WD, Mongold-Diers J, Millar JG, Hanks LM. Cerambycid Beetle Species with Similar Pheromones are Segregated by Phenology and Minor Pheromone Components. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:431-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ray AM, Arnold RA, Swift I, Schapker PA, McCann S, Marshall CJ, McElfresh JS, Millar JG. (R)-Desmolactone is a sex pheromone or sex attractant for the endangered valley elderberry longhorn beetle Desmocerus californicus dimorphus and several congeners (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e115498. [PMID: 25521293 PMCID: PMC4270785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that (4R,9Z)-hexadec-9-en-4-olide [(R)-desmolactone] is a sex attractant or sex pheromone for multiple species and subspecies in the cerambycid genus Desmocerus. This compound was previously identified as a female-produced sex attractant pheromone of Desmocerus californicus californicus. Headspace volatiles from female Desmocerus aureipennis aureipennis contained (R)-desmolactone, and the antennae of adult males of two species responded strongly to synthetic (R)-desmolactone in coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram analyses. In field bioassays in California, Oregon, and British Columbia, traps baited with synthetic (R)-desmolactone captured males of several Desmocerus species and subspecies. Only male beetles were captured, indicating that this compound acts as a sex-specific attractant, rather than as a signal for aggregation. In targeted field bioassays, males of the US federally threatened subspecies Desmocerus californicus dimorphus responded to the synthetic attractant in a dose dependent manner. Our results represent the first example of a "generic" sex pheromone used by multiple species in the subfamily Lepturinae, and demonstrate that pheromone-baited traps may be a sensitive and efficient method of monitoring the threatened species Desmocerus californicus dimorphus, commonly known as the valley elderberry longhorn beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Ray
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard A. Arnold
- Entomological Consulting Services, Ltd., Pleasant Hill, California, United States of America
| | - Ian Swift
- California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Philip A. Schapker
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sean McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Marshall
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - J. Steven McElfresh
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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Meng PS, Trotter RT, Keena MA, Baker TC, Yan S, Schwartzberg EG, Hoover K. Effects of pheromone and plant volatile release rates and ratios on trapping Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:1379-1388. [PMID: 25259696 DOI: 10.1603/en14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Native to China and Korea, the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a polyphagous wood-boring pest for which a trapping system would greatly benefit eradication and management programs in both the introduced and native ranges. Over two field seasons, a total of 160 flight intercept panel traps were deployed in Harbin, China, which trapped a total of 65 beetles. In 2012, traps using lures with a 1:1 ratio of the male-produced pheromone components (4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol) designed to release at a rate of 1 or 4 milligram per day per component in conjunction with the plant volatiles (-)-linalool, trans-caryophyllene, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol caught significantly more A. glabripennis females than other pheromone release rates, other pheromone ratios, plant volatiles only, and no lure controls. Males were caught primarily in traps baited with plant volatiles only. In 2013, 10× higher release rates of these plant volatiles were tested, and linalool oxide was evaluated as a fourth plant volatile in combination with a 1:1 ratio of the male-produced pheromone components emitted at a rate of 2 milligram per day per component. Significantly more females were trapped using the pheromone with the 10-fold higher three or four plant volatile release rates compared with the plant volatiles only, low four plant volatile + pheromone, and control. Our findings show that the male-produced pheromone in combination with plant volatiles can be used to detect A. glabripennis. Results also indicate that emitters should be monitored during the field season, as release rates fluctuate with environmental conditions and can be strongly influenced by formulation additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Meng
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Nehme ME, Trotter RT, Keena MA, McFarland C, Coop J, Hull-Sanders HM, Meng P, De Moraes CM, Mescher MC, Hoover K. Development and evaluation of a trapping system for Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:1034-1044. [PMID: 24960252 DOI: 10.1603/en14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), commonly known as the Asian longhorned beetle, is an invasive wood-boring pest that infests a number of hardwood species and causes considerable economic losses in North America, several countries in Europe, and in its native range in Asia. The success of eradication efforts may depend on early detection of introduced populations; however, detection has been limited to identification of tree damage (oviposition pits and exit holes), and the serendipitous collection of adults, often by members of the public. Here we describe the development, deployment, and evaluation of semiochemical-baited traps in the greater Worcester area in Massachusetts. Over 4 yr of trap evaluation (2009-2012), 1013 intercept panel traps were deployed, 876 of which were baited with three different families of lures. The families included lures exhibiting different rates of release of the male-produced A. glabripennis pheromone, lures with various combinations of plant volatiles, and lures with both the pheromone and plant volatiles combined. Overall, 45 individual beetles were captured in 40 different traps. Beetles were found only in traps with lures. In several cases, trap catches led to the more rapid discovery and management of previously unknown areas of infestation in the Worcester county regulated area. Analysis of the spatial distribution of traps and the known infested trees within the regulated area provides an estimate of the relationship between trap catch and beetle pressure exerted on the traps. Studies continue to optimize lure composition and trap placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Nehme
- Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Allison JD, Bhandari BD, McKenney JL, Millar JG. Design factors that influence the performance of flight intercept traps for the capture of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the subfamilies Lamiinae and Cerambycinae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93203. [PMID: 24671147 PMCID: PMC3966887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In North America, cerambycid beetles can have significant ecological and economic effects on forest ecosystems, and the rate of introduction and/or detection of exotic species is increasing. Detection and survey programs rely on semiochemical-baited intercept traps which are often ineffective for large woodborers like cerambycid beetles. This study examined the effects of flight intercept trap design on the capture of cerambycid beetles in the subfamilies Lamiinae and Cerambycinae. These subfamilies are the two largest in the Cerambycidae and they include many of the most damaging cerambycid pests and species on regulatory watch lists in North America. This study demonstrates that intercept trap design, treatment of trap surfaces with a lubricant, and the type of collection cup all influence the capture of beetles from the subfamilies Lamiinae and Cerambycinae. It also demonstrates that the addition of a large lubricant-treated collar to the bottom funnel of a multiple-funnel trap significantly increases the capture of some Lamiinae. The best trap design for both subfamilies was a lubricant treated multiple-funnel [MF] trap equipped with a wet cup and lubricant treated large collar on the bottom funnel. This design captured between 4 and 14 times more Lamiinae and Cerambycinae than commercially-available MF and panel traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Allison
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LSU Campus, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Basu D. Bhandari
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LSU Campus, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. McKenney
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LSU Campus, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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Hanks LM, Reagel PF, Mitchell RF, Wong JCH, Meier LR, Silliman CA, Graham EE, Striman BL, Robinson KP, Mongold-Diers JA, Millar JG. Seasonal phenology of the cerambycid beetles of east-central Illinois. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 107:211-226. [PMID: 24683267 PMCID: PMC3969037 DOI: 10.1603/an13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We summarize field data on the species composition and seasonal phenology of the community of cerambycid beetles of east-central Illinois. Data were drawn from field bioassays conducted during 2009 - 2012 that tested attraction of adult beetles of diverse species to a variety of synthetic pheromones and host plant volatiles. A total of 34,086 beetles of 114 species were captured, including 48 species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, 41 species in the Lamiinae, 19 species in the Lepturinae, two species in the Spondylidinae, and one species each in the Necydalinae, Parandrinae, Prioninae, and the Disteniidae. Most of the best-represented species were attracted to pheromones that were included in field experiments, particularly species that use (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one as a pheromone component. The species captured, and their patterns of abundance and seasonal phenology were similar to those in an earlier study conducted in Pennsylvania. The most abundant species identified in both studies included the cerambycines Elaphidion mucronatum (Say), Neoclytus a. acuminatus (F.), Neoclytus m. mucronatus (F.), and Xylotrechus colonus (F.). Cerambycine species became active in an orderly progression from early spring through late fall, whereas most lamiine species were active in summer and fall, and lepturine species were limited to summer. Potential cross attraction between some cerambycine species that shared pheromone components may have been averted by differences in seasonal activity period, and by minor pheromone components that acted as synergists for conspecifics and/or antagonists for heterospecifics. These results provide quantitative data on the abundance and seasonal phenology of a large number of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Correspondence to: Department of Entomology 320 Morrill Hall 505 South Goodwin Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 Phone: 217-333-8862 Fax: 217-244-3499
| | - Peter F. Reagel
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Robert F. Mitchell
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Joseph C. H. Wong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Linnea R. Meier
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Christina A. Silliman
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Elizabeth E. Graham
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Becca L. Striman
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Kenneth P. Robinson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Blends of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and alkan-2-ones identified as potential pheromones produced by three species of cerambycid beetles. CHEMOECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-012-0122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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72
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Hanks LM, Millar JG. Field bioassays of cerambycid pheromones reveal widespread parsimony of pheromone structures, enhancement by host plant volatiles, and antagonism by components from heterospecifics. CHEMOECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-012-0116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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2,3-Hexanediols as sex attractants and a female-produced sex pheromone for cerambycid beetles in the prionine genus Tragosoma. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:1151-8. [PMID: 22923142 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that closely related cerambycid species often share pheromone components, or even produce pheromone blends of identical composition. However, little is known of the pheromones of species in the subfamily Prioninae. During field bioassays in California, males of three species in the prionine genus Tragosoma were attracted to 2,3-hexanediols, common components of male-produced aggregation pheromones of beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae. We report here that the female-produced sex pheromone of Tragosoma depsarium "sp. nov. Laplante" is (2R,3R)-2,3-hexanediol, and provide evidence from field bioassays and electroantennography that the female-produced pheromone of both Tragosoma pilosicorne Casey and T. depsarium "harrisi" LeConte may be (2S,3R)-2,3-hexanediol. Sexual dimorphism in the sculpting of the prothorax suggests that the pheromone glands are located in the prothorax of females. This is the second sex attractant pheromone structure identified from the subfamily Prioninae, and our results provide further evidence of pheromonal parsimony within the Cerambycidae, in this case extending across both subfamily and gender lines.
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Mitchell RF, Hughes DT, Luetje CW, Millar JG, Soriano-Agatón F, Hanks LM, Robertson HM. Sequencing and characterizing odorant receptors of the cerambycid beetle Megacyllene caryae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:499-505. [PMID: 22504490 PMCID: PMC3361640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Odorant receptors (Ors) are a unique family of ligand-gated ion channels and the primary mechanism by which insects detect volatile chemicals. Here, we describe 57 putative Ors sequenced from an antennal transcriptome of the cerambycid beetle Megacyllene caryae (Gahan). The male beetles produce a pheromone blend of nine compovnents, and we functionally characterized Ors tuned to three of these chemicals: receptor McOr3 is sensitive to (S)-2-methyl-1-butanol; McOr20 is sensitive to (2S,3R)-2,3-hexanediol; and McOr5 is sensitive to 2-phenylethanol. McOr3 and McOr20 are also sensitive to structurally-related chemicals that are pheromones of other cerambycid beetles, suggesting that orthologous receptors may be present across many cerambycid species. These Ors are the first to be functionally characterized from any species of beetle and lay the groundwork for understanding the evolution of pheromones within the Cerambycidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Mitchell
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - David T. Hughes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136
| | - Charles W. Luetje
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | - Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hugh M. Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. , phone: 217-333-0489, fax: 217-244-3499
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75
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Graham EE, Poland TM, McCullough DG, Millar JG. A comparison of trap type and height for capturing cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 105:837-846. [PMID: 22812119 DOI: 10.1603/ec12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood-boring beetles in the family Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) play important roles in many forest ecosystems. However, increasing numbers of invasive cerambycid species are transported to new countries by global commerce and threaten forest health in the United States and worldwide. Our goal was to identify effective detection tools for a broad array of cerambycid species by testing some known cerambycid attractants and a pheromone in different trap designs placed across a range of habitats. We compared numbers and species richness of cerambycid beetles captured with cross-vane panel traps and 12-unit Lindgren multiple-funnel traps, placed either at ground level (1.5 m high) or canopy level (approximately 3-10 m high), at eight sites classified as either residential, industrial, deciduous forest, or conifer forest. We captured 3,723 beetles representing 72 cerambycid species from 10 June to 15 July 2010. Species richness was highest for the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Lamiinae, which accounted for 33 and 46% of all species captured, respectively. Overall, the cross-vane panel traps captured approximately 1.5 times more beetles than funnel traps. Twenty-one species were captured exclusively in traps at one height, either in the canopy or at ground level. More species were captured in hardwood sites (59 species) where a greater diversity of host material was available than in conifer (34 species), residential (41 species), or industrial (49) sites. Low numbers of beetles (n < 5) were recorded for 28 of the beetle species. The number of species captured per week ranged from 49 species on 21 June to 37 species on 12 July. Cross-vane panel traps installed across a vertical gradient should maximize the number of cerambycid species captured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Graham
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 1407 S. Harrison Road, Rm. 220, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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Wong JCH, Mitchell RF, Striman BL, Millar JG, Hanks LM. Blending synthetic pheromones of cerambycid beetles to develop trap lures that simultaneously attract multiple species. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 105:906-915. [PMID: 22812129 DOI: 10.1603/ec11434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated attraction of cerambycid beetle species to blends of known cerambycid pheromones to determine whether such blends could be used as effective trap lures for detecting and monitoring multiple species simultaneously. Pheromone-baited traps captured 1,358 cerambycid beetles of which 1,101 (81.1%) belonged to three species in the subfamily Cerambycinae: Neoclytus acuminatus (F.), Neoclytus mucronatus (F.), and Xylotrechus colonus (F.). Beetles of these species were significantly attracted to synthetic blends that contained their pheromone components (isomers of 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 2,3-hexanediol, or both), despite the presence of pheromone components of different species, including other isomers of 2,3-hexanediol, (E/Z)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate, and citral. In some cases, attraction was partially inhibited by the pheromone components of heterospecific species, whereas for N. acuminatus, attraction was completely inhibited when blends contained (2R*,3S*)-hexanediol, the racemic mixture of diastereomers of its pheromone, (2S,3S)-hexanediol. Among the remaining beetles captured were three species in the subfamily Lamiinae: Astyleiopus variegatus (Haldeman), Graphisurus fasciatus (Degeer), and Lepturges angulatus (LeConte). All three lamiine species were previously known to be attracted to (E/Z)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate and were captured in significant numbers by blends containing that compound. Our results suggest that different types of cerambycid pheromones can be combined to create effective multispecies lures for use in surveillance programs that target exotic cerambycid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C H Wong
- Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Graham EE, Poland TM. Efficacy of Fluon conditioning for capturing cerambycid beetles in different trap designs and persistence on panel traps over time. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 105:395-401. [PMID: 22606809 DOI: 10.1603/ec11432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluon PTFE is a fluoropolymer dispersion applied as a surface conditioner to cross-vane panel traps to enhance trap efficiency for cerambycid beetles. We describe the results of three experiments to further optimize cerambycid traps of different designs and to test the effect of Fluon over time. We tested Fluon with Lindgren funnel and panel traps fitted with either wet or dry collection cups on catches of cerambycid beetles and how the effect of Fluon on panel traps persisted. Fluon-treated funnel traps with wet collection cups captured approximately 6x more beetles than the untreated funnel traps with wet collection cups. Untreated funnel traps with dry collection cups did not capture any beetles; however, Fluon-treated funnel traps with dry collection cups captured an average of four beetles per trap. Fluon-treated panel traps with wet collection cups captured approximately 9x more beetles than untreated panel traps with wet collection cups. Fluon-treated panel traps with dry collection cups captured approximately 11x more beetles than untreated panel traps with dry collection cups. The effect of Fluon on capturing cerambycid beetles did not decline after use in one or two field seasons. There was no significant difference in the number of beetles captured in freshly treated panel traps compared with traps that had been used for 1 or 2 yr. Fluon-treated traps captured nine species that were not captured in untreated traps. Conditioning both Lindgren funnel and panel traps with Fluon enhances the efficacy and sensitivity of traps deployed to detect exotic cerambycid species, or for monitoring threatened species at low population densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Graham
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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Teale SA, Wickham JD, Zhang F, Su J, Chen Y, Xiao W, Hanks LM, Millar JG. A male-produced aggregation pheromone of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a major vector of pine wood nematode. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1592-1598. [PMID: 22066189 DOI: 10.1603/ec11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an efficient vector of pine wood nematode, the causal pathogen of pine wilt disease, that has resulted in devastating losses of pines in much of Asia. We assessed the response of adult M. alternatus to 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol, the male-produced pheromone of the congeneric M. galloprovincialis Dejean, in field experiments in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Both sexes of M. alternatus were attracted to lures consisting of 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol combined with the host plant volatiles alpha-pinene and ethanol. A follow-up experiment showed that 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol was synergized by both ethanol and alpha-pinene. Coupled gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry analyses of volatiles sampled from field-collected beetles of both sexes revealed that 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol was a sex-specific pheromone component produced only by males. The combination of 2- (undecyloxy) -ethanol with ethanol and/or alpha-pinene will provide a valuable and badly needed tool for quarantine detection, monitoring, and management of M. alternatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Teale
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracus, NY 13210, USA.
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79
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Allison JD, Johnson CW, Meeker JR, Strom BL, Butler SM. Effect of aerosol surface lubricants on the abundance and richness of selected forest insects captured in multiple-funnel and panel traps. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1258-1264. [PMID: 21882690 DOI: 10.1603/ec11044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Survey and detection programs for native and exotic forest insects frequently rely on traps baited with odorants, which mediate the orientation of target taxa (e.g., the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimmermann) toward a resource (e.g., host material, mates). The influence of trap design on the capture efficiency of baited traps has received far less empirical attention than odorants, despite concerns that intercept traps currently used operationally have poor capture efficiencies for some target taxa (e.g., large woodborers). Several studies have recently demonstrated that treating traps with a surface lubricant to make them "slippery" can increase their capture efficiency; however, previously tested products can be expensive and their application time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternate, easier to apply aerosol lubricants on trap capture efficiency of selected forest insects. Aerosol formulations of Teflon and silicone lubricants increased both panel and multiple-funnel trap capture efficiencies. Multiple-funnel traps treated with either aerosol lubricant captured significantly more Monochamus spp. and Acanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier) than untreated traps. Similarly, treated panel traps captured significantly more Xylotrechus sagittatus (Germar), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Pissodes nemorensis (Germar), Monochamus spp., A. obsoletus, Thanasimus dubius (F.), and Ibalia leucospoides (Hochenwarth) than untreated traps. This study demonstrates that treating multiple-funnel and panel traps with an aerosol dry film lubricant can increase their capture efficiencies for large woodborers (e.g., Cerambycidae) as well as bark beetles, a weevil, a woodwasp parasitoid and a bark beetle natural enemy (Coleoptera: Cleridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Allison
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LSU Campus, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Francese JA, Fraser I, Lance DR, Mastro VC. Efficacy of multifunnel traps for capturing emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): effect of color, glue, and other trap coatings. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:901-908. [PMID: 21735910 DOI: 10.1603/ec11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tens of thousands of adhesive-coated purple prism traps are deployed annually in the United States to survey for the invasive emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). A reusable, more user-friendly trap is desired by program managers, surveyors, and researchers. Field assays were conducted in southeastern Michigan to ascertain the feasibility of using nonsticky traps as survey and detection tools for emerald ash borer. Three nonsticky trap designs, including multifunnel (Lindgren), modified intercept panel, and drainpipe (all painted purple) were compared with the standard purple prism trap; no statistical differences in capture of emerald ash borer adults were detected between the multifunnel design and the prism. In subsequent color comparison assays, both green- and purple-painted multifunnel traps (and later, plastic versions of these colors) performed as well or better than the prism traps. Multifunnel traps coated with spray-on adhesive caught more beetles than untreated traps. The increased catch, however, occurred in the traps' collection cups and not on the trap surface. In a separate assay, there was no significant difference detected between glue-coated traps and Rain-X (normally a glass treatment)-coated traps, but both caught significantly more A. planipennis adults than untreated traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Francese
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ CPHST, Otis Laboratory, Bldg. 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542, USA.
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cis-Vaccenyl acetate, a female-produced sex pheromone component of Ortholeptura valida, a longhorned beetle in the subfamily Lepturinae. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:173-8. [PMID: 21274597 PMCID: PMC3043240 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification, synthesis, and field bioassays of a female-produced sex attractant pheromone component of the cerambycid beetle Ortholeptura valida (LeConte). Headspace volatiles from females contained a female-specific compound, (Z)-11-octadecen-1-yl acetate, which elicited a strong response from antennae of adult males in coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram analyses. In field bioassays, significant numbers of males were collected by traps baited with this compound. The pheromone represents a new structural class of cerambycid pheromones, and is the first pheromone identified for a cerambycid species in the subfamily Lepturinae.
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