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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Lee IK, Suk K. Role of Hippocampal Lipocalin-2 in Experimental Diabetic Encephalopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30761088 PMCID: PMC6363678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes-related complication in the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by degenerative neurochemical and structural changes leading to impaired cognitive function. While the exact pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy is not well-understood, it is likely that neuroinflammation is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms that cause this complication. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein known to promote neuroinflammation via the recruitment and activation of immune cells and glia, particularly microglia and astrocytes, thereby inducing proinflammatory mediators in a range of neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of LCN2 in multiple aspects of diabetic encephalopathy in mouse models of diabetes. Here, we show that induction of diabetes increased the expression of both Lcn2 mRNA and protein in the hippocampus. Genetic deficiency of Lcn2 significantly reduced gliosis, recruitment of macrophages, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the diabetic mice. Further, diabetes-induced hippocampal toxicity and cognitive decline were both lower in Lcn2 knockout mice than in the wild-type animals. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of LCN2 in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Departments of Biomedical Science and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Departments of Biomedical Science and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Departments of Biomedical Science and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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52
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Ye T, Meng X, Zhai Y, Xie W, Wang R, Sun G, Sun X. Gastrodin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes Rat Model via the Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1346. [PMID: 30524286 PMCID: PMC6262084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk for cognitive dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation play crucial roles in DM. Gastrodin (Gas), the main component of Gastrodia elata, possesses anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This present study aims to investigate whether Gas could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in DM and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 DM were used in this study. After administration of Gas for 5 weeks, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum, TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA and SOD in the hippocampus were measured. Morris water maze, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining were performed to assess the effects of Gas on cognitive function and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Protein levels of GLUT3, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), GRP78, PERK, P-PERK, TXNIP, ASC, NLRP3, CHOP, Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by using Western blot. The results showed that Gas could improve hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in DM rats, as the levels of TC, TG LDL-C in serum were decreased. TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA contents in the hippocampus were decreased, and SOD contents was increased in the hippocampus of DM rats. Inflammation, oxidative stress, ERS, and apoptosis were observed in the hippocampus of DM rats, accompanied with decreased expression of BDNF and GLUT3. Gas improved the cognitive deficits caused by diabetes and inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress, ERS, and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, Gas substantially increased the expression of GLUT3, and inhibited hippocampal ERS and ERS-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, Gas increased the expression of BDNF and decreased the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. These results suggested that by inhibiting ERS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increasing the expression of BDNF and GLUT3, Gas exhibits neuroprotective effects against cognitive dysfunction in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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53
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Pandey VK, Mathur A, Kakkar P. Emerging role of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) mediated proteotoxic apoptosis in diabetes. Life Sci 2018; 216:246-258. [PMID: 30471281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial single membrane organelle that acts as a quality control system for cellular proteins as it is intricately involved in their synthesis, folding and trafficking to the respective targets. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by enhanced blood glucose level that promotes insulin resistance and hampers cellular glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia provokes mitochondrial ROS production and glycation of proteins which exert a tremendous load on ER for conventional refolding of misfolded/unfolded and nascent proteins that perturb ER homeostasis resulting in apoptotic cell death. Impairment in ER functions is suspected to be through specific ER membrane-bound proteins known as Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) sensor proteins. Conformational changes in these proteins induce oligomerization and cross-autophosphorylation which facilitate processes required for the restoration of ER homeostatic imbalance. Multiple studies have reported the involvement of UPR mediated autophagy and apoptotic pathways in the progression of metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypoxia-mediated cell death. In this review, the involvement of UPR pathways in the progression of diabetes associated complications have been addressed, which underscores molecular crosstalks during neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatic injury and retinopathy. A better understanding of these molecular interventions may reveal advanced therapeutic approaches for preventing diabetic comorbidities. The article also highlights the importance of phytochemicals that are emerging as novel ER stress inhibitors and are being explored for targeted interaction in preventing cell death responses during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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54
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Zhao X, Han Q, Gang X, Wang G. Altered brain metabolites in patients with diabetes mellitus and related complications - evidence from 1H MRS study. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180660. [PMID: 30104398 PMCID: PMC6127672 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been acknowledged as an important factor for brain disorders. Significant alterations in brain metabolism have been demonstrated during the development of DM and its complications. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), a cutting-edge technique used in biochemical analyses, non-invasively provides insights into altered brain metabolite levels in vivo This review aims to discuss current MRS data describing brain metabolite levels in DM patients with or without complications. Cerebral metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate, and glutamine were significantly altered in DM patients, suggesting that energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and lipid membrane metabolism might be disturbed during the progression of DM. Changes in brain metabolites may be non-invasive biomarkers for DM and DM-related complications. Different brain regions presented distinct metabolic signatures, indicating region-specific diabetic brain damages. In addition to serving as biomarkers, MRS data on brain metabolites can also shed light on diabetic treatment monitoring. For example, exercise may restore altered brain metabolite levels and has beneficial effects on cognition in DM patients. Future studies should validate the above findings in larger populations and uncover the mechanisms of DM-induced brain damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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55
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Shruthi K, Reddy SS, Chitra PS, Reddy GB. Ubiquitin‐proteasome system and ER stress in the brain of diabetic rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5962-5973. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karnam Shruthi
- Biochemistry Division National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad India
| | | | - P Swathi Chitra
- Biochemistry Division National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad India
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56
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Rekha RS, Mily A, Sultana T, Haq A, Ahmed S, Mostafa Kamal SM, van Schadewijk A, Hiemstra PS, Gudmundsson GH, Agerberth B, Raqib R. Immune responses in the treatment of drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis with phenylbutyrate and vitamin D 3 as host directed therapy. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:303. [PMID: 29973153 PMCID: PMC6033279 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that 8 weeks’ treatment with phenylbutyrate (PBA) (500mgx2/day) with or without vitamin D3 (vitD3) (5000 IU/day) as host-directed therapy (HDT) accelerated clinical recovery, sputum culture conversion and increased expression of cathelicidin LL-37 by immune cells in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In this study we further aimed to examine whether HDT with PBA and vitD3 promoted clinically beneficial immunomodulation to improve treatment outcomes in TB patients. Methods Cytokine concentration was measured in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (n = 31/group). Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GADD34 and XBP1spl) and human beta-defensin-1 (HBD1) gene expression were studied in monocyte-derived-macrophages (MDM) (n = 18/group) from PBMC of patients. Autophagy in MDM (n = 6/group) was evaluated using LC3 expression by confocal microscopy. Results A significant decline in the concentration of cytokines/chemokines was noted from week 0 to 8 in the PBA-group [TNF-α (β = − 0.34, 95% CI = − 0.68, − 0.003; p = 0.04), CCL11 (β = − 0.19, 95% CI = − 0.36, − 0.03; p = 0.02) and CCL5 (β = − 0.08, 95% CI = − 0.16, 0.002; p = 0.05)] and vitD3-group [(CCL11 (β = − 0.17, 95% CI = − 0.34, − 0.001; p = 0.04), CXCL10 (β = − 0.38, 95% CI = − 0.77, 0.003; p = 0.05) and PDGF-β (β = − 0.16, 95% CI = − 0.31, 0.002; p = 0.05)] compared to placebo. Both PBA- and vitD3-groups showed a decline in XBP1spl mRNA on week 8 (p < 0.03). All treatment groups demonstrated increased LC3 expression in MDM compared to placebo over time (p < 0.037). Conclusion The use of PBA and vitD3 as adjunct therapy to standard TB treatment promoted favorable immunomodulation to improve treatment outcomes. Trials registration This trial was retrospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov, under identifier NCT01580007. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3203-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Sultana Rekha
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhirunnesa Mily
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tajnin Sultana
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsanul Haq
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S M Mostafa Kamal
- National Institute of the Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Neuritin Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1383-1391. [PMID: 29790068 PMCID: PMC6006204 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuritin is an extracellular glycophosphatidylinositol-linked protein that promotes neuronal survival, differentiation, function, and repair, but the exact mechanism of this neuroprotective effect remains unclear. Meanwhile, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced apoptosis is attracting increased attention. In this work, we hypothesized that neuritin inhibited ERS to protect cortical neurons. To check this hypothesis, we exposed primary cultured cortical neurons to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 45 min followed by reperfusion (R) to activate ERS. We then performed resuscitation for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. ERS-related factors such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), caspase-12 and CHOP were detected by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V binding and propidium iodide staining. Ultrastructural changes of endoplasmic reticulum were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results showed that GRP78 expression significantly increased at 12, 24, and 48 h and peaked at 24 h. Caspase-12 and CHOP expression significantly increased in a time-dependent manner at 12, 24, and 48 h. GRP78, caspase-12 and CHOP expression as well as apoptosis rate of primary cultured neurons and the ultrastructural changes of endoplasmic reticulum in the OGD/R + neuritin group significantly improved compared with the OGD/R group. In conclusion, the neuroprotection function of neuritin may be involved in ERS pathways.
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58
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Xie Y, Chu A, Feng Y, Chen L, Shao Y, Luo Q, Deng X, Wu M, Shi X, Chen Y. MicroRNA-146a: A Comprehensive Indicator of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Status Induced in the Brain of Chronic T2DM Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:478. [PMID: 29867484 PMCID: PMC5960742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It was demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia were closely associated with alteration of miR-146a. Here, we investigated the role of miR-146a in mediating inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain of chronic T2DM rats. Methods: The chronic T2DM (cT2DM) models were induced by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (35 mg/kg) after being fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet for 6 weeks. H&E staining was conducted to observe the morphological impairment of the rat hippocampus. The expressions of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β) and antioxidant proteins (Nrf2, HO-1) were measured by western blot. The levels of MDA and SOD were detected by the respective activity assay kit. The levels of p22phox and miR-146a were examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expressions of IRAK1, TRAF6 and NF-κB p65 were measured by western blot and qRT-PCR. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlations between miR-146a and inflammatory mediators as well as oxidative stress indicators. Results: The expression of miR-146a was negatively correlated with inflammation and oxidative stress status. In the brain tissues of cT2DM rats, it was observed that the expressions of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β) and oxidative stress indicators including MDA and p22phox were elevated, which were negatively correlated with the expression of miR-146a. While, the antioxidant proteins (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD) levels decreased in the brain of cT2DM rats, which were positively correlated with the miR-146a level. The expressions of NF-κB p65 and its specific modulators (IRAK1&TRAF6) were elevated in the brain of cT2DM rats, which might be inhibited by miR-146a. Conclusion: Our results implied that increased inflammation and oxidative stress status were associated with brain impairment in cT2DM rats, which were negatively correlated with miR-146a expression. Thus, miR-146a may serve as a negative comprehensive indicator of inflammation and oxidative stress status in the brain of chronic T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqun Chu
- Department of General Medicine, Shihua Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiye Shao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Men Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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59
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Zhai Y, Meng X, Ye T, Xie W, Sun G, Sun X. Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation with MCC950 Ameliorates Diabetic Encephalopathy in db/db Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030522. [PMID: 29495433 PMCID: PMC6017493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with a high risk of developing cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disabilities, and these disease symptomsare termed diabetic encephalopathy (DEP). Inflammation is involved in the development of DEP. The cleavage and maturation of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β is regulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Obese and type 2 diabetic db/db mice show anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and cognitive disorders associated with hippocampal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in DEP. Results showed that expression levels of inflammasome components including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase-1, as well as IL-1β in the hippocampus of diabetic db/db mice were higher than those of non-diabetic db/m mice. Treatment of db/db mice with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 ameliorated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as cognitive dysfunction, and reversed increased NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1βexpression levels and caspase-1 activity in hippocampus. Moreover, MCC950 treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. These results demonstrate that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may prove to be a potential therapeutic approach for DEP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
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60
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Wang B, Huang J, Li J, Zhong Y. Control of macrophage autophagy by miR-384-5p in the development of diabetic encephalopathy. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:511-518. [PMID: 29511445 PMCID: PMC5835816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular development of diabetic encephalopathy remains ill-defined. Recently, we reported that elimination of inflammatory macrophages alleviated the progress and severity of diabetic encephalopathy. Here, we studied the underlying mechanism. Inflammatory macrophages were isolated from the brain of the mice that received i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to develop diabetes 6 weeks before, and showed enhanced autophagy activity, seemingly through augmentation of Beclin-1 levels. However, the increases in Beclin-1 levels did not result from enhanced gene transcription, but appeared to result from suppression of a Beclin-1-inhibitory microRNA, miR-384-5p. Overexpression of miR-384-5p in the inflammatory macrophages through an adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer system significantly reduced inflammatory macrophages in the diabetic brain, resulting in attenuation of the STZ-induced decreases in brain malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxidase anion-positive cells, and the STZ-induced increases in brain nitric oxide. Thus, these data suggest that downregulation of miR-384-5p in the inflammatory macrophages may enhance macrophage autophagy and contribute to the development of diabetic encephalopathy, which may be suppressed by re-expression of miR-384-5p in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyun Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200233, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200233, China
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61
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Zhai Y, Meng X, Luo Y, Wu Y, Ye T, Zhou P, Ding S, Wang M, Lu S, Zhu L, Sun G, Sun X. Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates diabetic encephalopathy by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9344-9363. [PMID: 29507694 PMCID: PMC5823646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous researches supported that oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the development of diabetic encephalopathy (DEP). Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), one major component of Panax notoginseng, is believed to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its neuroprotective effects against DEP and underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, db/db mice as well as high-glucose (HG)-treated HT22 hippocampal neurons were used as in vivo and in vitro models to estimate NGR1 neuroprotection. NGR1 administration for 10 weeks could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction, depression-like behaviors, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in db/db mice. NGR1 markedly decreased the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia in hippocampal neurons. NGR1 significantly activated the protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2) pathway, and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampal neurons, which might be essential for the neuroprotective effects of NGR1. Further supporting these results, we observed that pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 abolished NGR1-mediated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HG-treated HT22 hippocampal neurons. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the neuroprotective effects of NGR1 on DEP by activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study also provides a novel strategy for the application of NGR1 as a therapeutic agent for patients with DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shilan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Senbao Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Lili Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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62
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ER stress and subsequent activated calpain play a pivotal role in skeletal muscle wasting after severe burn injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186128. [PMID: 29028830 PMCID: PMC5640216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burns are typically followed by hypermetabolism characterized by significant muscle wasting, which causes considerable morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle damage/wasting post-burn. Rats were randomized to the sham, sham+4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA, a pharmacological chaperone promoting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) folding/trafficking, commonly considered as an inhibitor of ER), burn (30% total body surface area), and burn+4-PBA groups; and sacrificed at 1, 4, 7, 14 days after the burn injury. Tibial anterior muscle was harvested for transmission electron microscopy, calcium imaging, gene expression and protein analysis of ER stress / ubiquitin-proteasome system / autophagy, and calpain activity measurement. The results showed that ER stress markers were increased in the burn group compared with the sham group, especially at post-burn days 4 and 7, which might consequently elevate cytoplasmic calcium concentration, promote calpain production as well as activation, and cause skeletal muscle damage/wasting of TA muscle after severe burn injury. Interestingly, treatment with 4-PBA prevented burn-induced ER swelling and altered protein expression of ER stress markers and calcium release, attenuating calpain activation and skeletal muscle damage/wasting after severe burn injury. Atrogin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were also increased in the burn group compared with the sham group, while MuRF-1 remained unchanged; 4-PBA decreased atrogin-1 in the burn group. Taken together, these findings suggested that severe burn injury induces ER stress, which in turns causes calpain activation. ER stress and subsequent activated calpain play a critical role in skeletal muscle damage/wasting in burned rats.
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63
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Li HY, Wang XC, Xu YM, Luo NC, Luo S, Hao XY, Cheng SY, Fang JS, Wang Q, Zhang SJ, Chen YB. Berberine Improves Diabetic Encephalopathy Through the SIRT1/ER Stress Pathway in db/db Mice. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 21:200-209. [PMID: 28782427 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between diabetes and dementia has been well demonstrated by epidemiologic studies. Berberine (BBR) has been reported to ameliorate diabetes and diabetic encephalopathy (DE). However, the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we employ a diabetic model, db/db mice, to explore whether BBR could protect DE through the SIRT1/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Behavioral results (Morris water maze, Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, and fear conditioning test) showed that oral administration of BBR (50 mg/kg) improved the learning and memory ability. Furthermore, BBR promoted lipid metabolism and decreased fasting glucose in db/db mice. Moreover, western blot analysis revealed that BBR increased the synapse- and nerve-related protein expression (PSD95, SYN, and NGF) and decreased the protein expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and NF-κB) in the hippocampus of db/db mice. BBR also increased the protein expression of SIRT1 and downregulated ER stress-associated proteins (PERK, IRE-1α, eIF-2α, PDI, and CHOP) in the hippocampus of db/db mice. Taken together, the present results suggest that the SIRT1/ER stress pathway might be a crucial mechanism in the neuroprotective effect of BBR against DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Chen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Na-Chuan Luo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Luo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Yi Hao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yi Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Song Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Bo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
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64
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TBHQ Alleviated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by PERK-Nrf2 Crosstalk in Methamphetamine-Induced Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4310475. [PMID: 28303170 PMCID: PMC5337881 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4310475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) leads to cardiac and pulmonary toxicity expressed as increases in inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. However, some interactions may exist between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The current study is designed to investigate if both oxidative stress and ERS are involved in MA-induced chronic pulmonary toxicity and if antioxidant tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) alleviated ERS-apoptosis and oxidative stress by PERK-Nrf2 crosstalk. In this study, the rats were randomly divided into control group, MA-treated group (MA), and MA plus TBHQ-treated group (MA + TBHQ). Chronic exposure to MA resulted in slower growth of weight and pulmonary toxicity of the rats by increasing the pulmonary arterial pressure, promoting the hypertrophy of right ventricle and the remodeling of pulmonary arteries. MA inhibited the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative stress by downregulation of Nrf2, GCS, and HO-1 and upregulation of SOD2. MA increased GRP78 to induce ERS. Overexpression and phosphorylation of PERK rapidly phosphorylated eIF2α, increased ATF4, CHOP, bax, caspase 3, and caspase 12, and decreased bcl-2. These changes can be reversed by antioxidant TBHQ through upregulating expression of Nrf2. The above results indicated that TBHQ can alleviate MA-induced oxidative stress which can accelerate ERS to initiate PERK-dependent apoptosis and that PERK/Nrf2 is likely to be the key crosstalk between oxidative stress and ERS in MA-induced chronic pulmonary toxicity.
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65
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Wang X, Yang X, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Dai X, Niu B, Wu J, Yuan X, Xiong A, Liu Z, Zhong N, Wu M, Li G. Lyn kinase represses mucus hypersecretion by regulating IL-13-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in asthma. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:137-149. [PMID: 28024734 PMCID: PMC5233819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma, mucus hypersecretion is thought to be a prominent pathological feature associated with widespread mucus plugging. However, the current treatments for mucus hypersecretion are often ineffective or temporary. The potential therapeutic targets of mucus hypersecretion in asthma remain unknown. Here, we show that Lyn is a central effector of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and mucous hypersecretion in asthma. In Lyn-transgenic mice (Lyn-TG) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice exposed to ovalbumin (OVA), Lyn overexpression attenuates mucus hypersecretion and ER stress. Interleukin 13 (IL-13) induced MUC5AC expression by enhancing ER stress in vitro. Lyn serves as a negative regulator of IL-13-induced ER stress and MUC5AC expression. We further find that an inhibitor of ER stress, which is likely involved in the PI3K p85α/Akt pathway and NFκB activity, blocked MUC5AC expression in Lyn-knockdown cells. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt signaling is required for IL-13-induced ER stress and MUC5AC expression in airway epithelial cells. The ER stress regulation of MUC5AC expression depends on NFκB in Lyn-knockdown airway epithelial cells. Our studies indicate not only a concept of mucus hypersecretion in asthma that involves Lyn kinase but also an important therapeutic candidate for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Yang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Li
- The First Clinic College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Xi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Bin Niu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Wu
- First Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiefang Yuan
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Anjie Xiong
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Disease, Ghuangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Disease, Ghuangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, United States.
| | - Guoping Li
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; First Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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