51
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Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Yu Z, Tian X, Peng Y, Sun Z, Wang C, Tang N, Li B, Jian Y, Wang W, Huo X, Ma X. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is responsible for melatonin-induced apoptosis in neural cancer cells. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12478. [PMID: 29453779 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine with a wide range of biological functions in the various organisms from bacteria to mammals. Evidence indicates that melatonin facilitates apoptosis in cancer cells and enhances the antitumor activity of chemotherapy in animals and clinical studies. However, the melatonin metabolism and the key metabolic targets in cancer cells still remain unknown. In this study, U118 and SH-SY5Y tumor cell lines were used to investigate the metabolic pathways of melatonin in cancer cells. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of melatonin on proliferation in SH-SY5Y cells is more potent than that in U118 cells. In contrast, this inhibitory effect on the normal cells is absent. The antitumor effects of melatonin are positively associated with its metabolite N-acetylserotonin (NAS). Unexpectedly, CYP1B1 is, for first time, identified to localize in the mitochondria of tumor cells, and it metabolizes melatonin to form NAS in situ, which subsequently triggers mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. In normal cells, NAS does not induce apoptosis. A remarkable individual variation on CYP1B1 expression was also detected in human tumor tissue. These findings provide the novel mechanisms regarding the antitumor effects of melatonin in the level of mitochondria. Thus, we hypothesize that CYP1B1 overexpression in mitochondria would significantly enhance the antitumor effects of melatonin. Mitochondrial CYP1B1 can potentially serve as a specific target to modify the therapeutic and biological effects of melatonin on cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Yu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuling Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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53
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Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Emsen A, Artac H. The effect of zinc and melatonin supplementation on immunity parameters in breast cancer induced by DMBA in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:247-252. [PMID: 29057661 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1392580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the effects of zinc and melatonin supplements on the immunity parameters of female rats with breast cancer induced by DMBA. METHODS Group 1; Control, Group 2; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), Group 3; DMBA + zinc, Group 4; DMBA + melatonin, Group 5; DMBA + zinc + melatonin. The rats' breast cancer was induced by DMBA 80 mg/kg. Groups 3-5 received daily 5 mg/kg doses of zinc, melatonin, and zinc + melatonin, respectively. Lymphocyte rates, T-lymphocyte subgroups, B-lymphocyte and natural killer cells (NK), and natural killer T (NKT) were evaluated. RESULTS The most significant increase in lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, and CD4 lymphocyte rates was found in Group 5. The highest NKT cell rates were found in Group 3. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that zinc and melatonin supplements have led to an increase in the immunity parameters of rats with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- a Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty , Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ayca Emsen
- b Department of Pediatric Immunology, Medical Faculty , Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasibe Artac
- b Department of Pediatric Immunology, Medical Faculty , Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
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54
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Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Meng X, Zhang JJ, Xu DP, Li HB. Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39896-39921. [PMID: 28415828 PMCID: PMC5503661 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological studies have indicated a possible oncostatic property of melatonin on different types of tumors. Besides, experimental studies have documented that melatonin could exert growth inhibition on some human tumor cells in vitro and in animal models. The underlying mechanisms include antioxidant activity, modulation of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, stimulation of apoptosis, regulation of pro-survival signaling and tumor metabolism, inhibition on angiogenesis, metastasis, and induction of epigenetic alteration. Melatonin could also be utilized as adjuvant of cancer therapies, through reinforcing the therapeutic effects and reducing the side effects of chemotherapies or radiation. Melatonin could be an excellent candidate for the prevention and treatment of several cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. This review summarized the anticancer efficacy of melatonin, based on the results of epidemiological,experimental and clinical studies, and special attention was paid to the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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55
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Qu H, Xue Y, Lian W, Wang C, He J, Fu Q, Zhong L, Lin N, Lai L, Ye Z, Wang Q. Melatonin inhibits osteosarcoma stem cells by suppressing SOX9-mediated signaling. Life Sci 2018; 207:253-264. [PMID: 29689273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has been reported to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells in some types of cancer. However, the effects of melatonin on the osteosarcoma stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of osteosarcoma are still not clear. The present study was conducted to dissect the activity of melatonin on the osteosarcoma stem cells and the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS MTT, wound healing, transwell assay and western blotting were conducted to determine the effect of melatonin on osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration and downregulation of SOX9-mediated signaling. Tumor spheroid assay and FACS analysis were performed to analyze the inhibition of the osteosarcoma stem cells. In vivo model for tumor formation and metastasis from single cell clone was used to evaluate the suppression of osteosarcoma stem cells by melatonin. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that melatonin potently suppresses the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, melatonin significantly inhibits the sarcosphere formation of osteosarcoma stem cells and regulates EMT markers of osteosarcoma cells. In vivo mice model showed that melatonin significantly inhibits the initiation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. SOX9 is the key transcription factor mediating the effect of melatonin. Melatonin inhibited of cancer stem cell by down-regulation of SOX9-mediated signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these results deepen the understanding of the biological functions of melatonin and provide new insights for the intervention of osteosarcoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenwen Lian
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jia He
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qihong Fu
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lijia Zhong
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Nong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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56
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Melatonin: A Cutaneous Perspective on its Production, Metabolism, and Functions. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:490-499. [PMID: 29428440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, an evolutionarily ancient derivative of serotonin with hormonal properties, is the main neuroendocrine secretory product of the pineal gland. Although melatonin is best known to regulate circadian rhythmicity and lower vertebrate skin pigmentation, the full spectrum of functional activities of this free radical-scavenging molecule, which also induces/promotes complex antioxidative and DNA repair systems, includes immunomodulatory, thermoregulatory, and antitumor properties. Because this plethora of functional melatonin properties still awaits to be fully appreciated by dermatologists, the current review synthesizes the main features that render melatonin a promising candidate for the management of several dermatoses associated with substantial oxidative damage. We also review why melatonin promises to be useful in skin cancer prevention, skin photo- and radioprotection, and as an inducer of repair mechanisms that facilitate the recovery of human skin from environmental damage. The fact that human skin and hair follicles not only express functional melatonin receptors but also engage in substantial, extrapineal melatonin synthesis further encourages one to systematically explore how the skin's melatonin system can be therapeutically targeted in future clinical dermatology and enrolled for preventive medicine strategies.
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Ma Z, Xin Z, Hu W, Jiang S, Yang Z, Yan X, Li X, Yang Y, Chen F. Forkhead box O proteins: Crucial regulators of cancer EMT. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:21-31. [PMID: 29427645 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an acknowledged cellular transition process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal-like properties that endow cancer cells with increased migratory and invasive behavior. Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins have been shown to orchestrate multiple EMT-associated pathways and EMT-related transcription factors (EMT-TFs), thereby modulating the EMT process. The focus of the current review is to evaluate the latest research progress regarding the roles of FOXO proteins in cancer EMT. First, a brief overview of the EMT process in cancer and a general background on the FOXO family are provided. Next, we present the interactions between FOXO proteins and multiple EMT-associated pathways during malignancy development. Finally, we propose several novel potential directions for future research. Collectively, the information compiled herein should serve as a comprehensive repository of information on this topic and should aid in the design of additional studies and the future development of FOXO proteins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069 China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069 China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069 China.
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58
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Posadzki PP, Bajpai R, Kyaw BM, Roberts NJ, Brzezinski A, Christopoulos GI, Divakar U, Bajpai S, Soljak M, Dunleavy G, Jarbrink K, Nang EEK, Soh CK, Car J. Melatonin and health: an umbrella review of health outcomes and biological mechanisms of action. BMC Med 2018; 16:18. [PMID: 29397794 PMCID: PMC5798185 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-1000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aims were to evaluate critically the evidence from systematic reviews as well as narrative reviews of the effects of melatonin (MLT) on health and to identify the potential mechanisms of action involved. METHODS An umbrella review of the evidence across systematic reviews and narrative reviews of endogenous and exogenous (supplementation) MLT was undertaken. The Oxman checklist for assessing the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was utilised. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO and CINAHL. In addition, reference lists were screened. We included reviews of the effects of MLT on any type of health-related outcome measure. RESULTS Altogether, 195 reviews met the inclusion criteria. Most were of low methodological quality (mean -4.5, standard deviation 6.7). Of those, 164 did not pool the data and were synthesised narratively (qualitatively) whereas the remaining 31 used meta-analytic techniques and were synthesised quantitatively. Seven meta-analyses were significant with P values less than 0.001 under the random-effects model. These pertained to sleep latency, pre-operative anxiety, prevention of agitation and risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS There is an abundance of reviews evaluating the effects of exogenous and endogenous MLT on health. In general, MLT has been shown to be associated with a wide variety of health outcomes in clinically and methodologically heterogeneous populations. Many reviews stressed the need for more high-quality randomised clinical trials to reduce the existing uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel P Posadzki
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
| | - Ram Bajpai
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Bhone Myint Kyaw
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicola J Roberts
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Amnon Brzezinski
- The Hebrew University Medical School, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George I Christopoulos
- Nanyang Business School, Division of Strategy Management and Organisation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ushashree Divakar
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Shweta Bajpai
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Michael Soljak
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Gerard Dunleavy
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Krister Jarbrink
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ei Ei Khaing Nang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Chee Kiong Soh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore.,Global eHealth Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
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Wu G, Ma Z, Cheng Y, Hu W, Deng C, Jiang S, Li T, Chen F, Yang Y. Targeting Gas6/TAM in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:20. [PMID: 29386018 PMCID: PMC5793417 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest-specific 6, also known as Gas6, is a human gene encoding the Gas6 protein, which was originally found to be upregulated in growth-arrested fibroblasts. Gas6 is a member of the vitamin K-dependent family of proteins expressed in many human tissues and regulates several biological processes in cells, including proliferation, survival and migration, by binding to its receptors Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM). In recent years, the roles of Gas6/TAM signalling in cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment have been studied, and some progress has made in targeted therapy, providing new potential directions for future investigations of cancer treatment. In this review, we introduce the Gas6 and TAM receptors and describe their involvement in different cancers and discuss the roles of Gas6 in cancer cells, the tumour microenvironment and metastasis. Finally, we introduce recent studies on Gas6/TAM targeting in cancer therapy, which will assist in the experimental design of future analyses and increase the potential use of Gas6 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Wu
- 0000 0004 1761 5538grid.412262.1Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an, 710069 China ,0000 0004 1761 4404grid.233520.5Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- 0000 0004 1791 6584grid.460007.5Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi’an, 710038 China
| | - Yicheng Cheng
- 0000 0004 1765 1045grid.410745.3Department of Stomatology, Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Wei Hu
- 0000 0004 1761 4404grid.233520.5Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Chao Deng
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- 0000 0004 1761 4404grid.233520.5Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Tian Li
- 0000 0004 1765 1045grid.410745.3Department of Stomatology, Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Fulin Chen
- 0000 0004 1761 5538grid.412262.1Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Yang Yang
- 0000 0004 1761 5538grid.412262.1Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an, 710069 China ,0000 0004 1761 4404grid.233520.5Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, 710032 China
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Ataei N, Aghaei M, Panjehpour M. The protective role of melatonin in cadmium-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:159-167. [PMID: 29606970 PMCID: PMC5842487 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.223801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous environmental and occupational pollutant, acts as a metalloestrogen to induce cell proliferation. It is suggested that Cd may also contribute to the development of estrogen-related cancers like ovarian cancer which is the most lethal cancer in women. Furthermore, it was shown that melatonin has antiproliferative effect on estradiol (E2)-induced proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether melatonin inhibits Cd-induced proliferation in ovarian cancer cell lines and also whether Cd and melatonin can modulate estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression. OVCAR3 and SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with CdCl2 (1-100 nM) and melatonin (1 μM) for 48 h. Cell proliferation evaluation was carried out by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. ERα expression was detected by western blotting method 24 h after cell treatment. The results were demonstrated that Cd increased proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Melatonin inhibited Cd-induced proliferation of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cell lines. Moreover, CdCl2 significantly increased ERα expression in both OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cell lines compared to control. Melatonin significantly inhibited Cd inducing effect on ERα expression of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cell. In conclusion, due to the proliferative effect on ovarian cancer cell lines, Cd could play an important role in the etiology of ovarian cancer by inducing cells ERα expression. Furthermore, melatonin has the protective role on Cd-induced cell proliferation by inhibition of ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Ataei
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mojtaba Panjehpour
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Terraneo L, Bianciardi P, Virgili E, Finati E, Samaja M, Paroni R. Transdermal administration of melatonin coupled to cryopass laser treatment as noninvasive therapy for prostate cancer. Drug Deliv 2017. [PMID: 28644090 PMCID: PMC8241126 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1338793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, exerts oncostatic activity in several types of human cancer, including prostate, the most common neoplasia and the third most frequent cause of male cancer death in the developed world. The growth of androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells in mice is inhibited by 3 mg/kg/week melatonin (0.09 mg/mouse/week) delivered by i.p. injections, which is equivalent to a dose of 210 mg/week in humans. The aim of this study is to test an alternative noninvasive delivery route based on transdermal administration of melatonin onto the tumor area followed by cryopass-laser treatment. Two groups of immunodepressed mice were studied, one (n = 10) subjected to 18 cryopass-laser therapy sessions and one (n = 10) subjected to the same treatment without melatonin. These groups were compared with mice treated with i.p.-administered melatonin or vehicle with the same time schedule. We found that cryopass-laser treatment is as efficient as i.p. injections in reducing the growth of LNCaP tumor cells, affecting plasma melatonin and redox balance. Furthermore, both delivery routes share the same effects on the involved biochemical pathway driven by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. However, cryopass-laser, as used in the present experimental setup, is less efficient than i.p delivery route in increasing the melatonin content and Nrf2 expression in the tumor mass. We conclude that cryopass-laser treatment may have impact for melatonin-based therapy of prostate cancer, by delivering drugs transdermally without causing pain and targeting directly on the site of interest, thereby potentially making long-term treatments more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Terraneo
- a Department of Health Science , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
| | - Paola Bianciardi
- a Department of Health Science , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
| | - Eleonora Virgili
- a Department of Health Science , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
| | - Elena Finati
- a Department of Health Science , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- a Department of Health Science , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- a Department of Health Science , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
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Ma Z, Xin Z, Di W, Yan X, Li X, Reiter RJ, Yang Y. Melatonin and mitochondrial function during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3989-3998. [PMID: 28795196 PMCID: PMC11107672 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs in many organs and tissues, and contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Melatonin, an endogenously produced indolamine, provides a strong defense against IR injury. Mitochondrion, an organelle for ATP production and a decider for cell fate, has been validated to be a crucial target for melatonin to exert its protection against IR injury. In this review, we first clarify the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction during IR and melatonin's protection of mitochondria under this condition. Thereafter, special focus is placed on the protective actions of melatonin against IR injury in brain, heart, liver, and others. Finally, we explore several potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, the information compiled here will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of melatonin in IR injury identified to date and will hopefully aid in the design of future research and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Li T, Yang Z, Jiang S, Di W, Ma Z, Hu W, Chen F, Reiter RJ, Yang Y. Melatonin: does it have utility in the treatment of haematological neoplasms? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:3251-3262. [PMID: 28880375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, discovered in 1958 in the bovine pineal tissue, is an indoleamine that modulates circadian rhythms and has a wide variety of other functions. Haematological neoplasms are the leading cause of death in children and adolescents throughout the world. Research has demonstrated that melatonin is a low-toxicity protective molecule against experimental haematological neoplasms, but the mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we provide an introduction to haematological neoplasms and melatonin, especially as they relate to the actions of melatonin on haematological carcinogenesis. Secondly, we summarize what is known about the mechanisms of action of melatonin in the haematological system, including its pro-apoptotic, pro-oxidative, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory actions. Thirdly, we discuss the advantages of melatonin in combination with other drugs against haematological malignancy, as well as its other benefits on the haematological system. Finally, we summarize the findings that are contrary to the suppressive effects of melatonin on cancers of haematological origin. We hope that this information will be helpful in the design of studies related to the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin in haematological neoplasms. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Pterostilbene exerts anticancer activity on non-small-cell lung cancer via activating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8091. [PMID: 28808300 PMCID: PMC5556085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PT), the natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol (RSV), is a potent anticarcinogen for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its anti-NSCLC mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we show that PT treatment time- and dose-dependently enhanced the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling (i.e., p-PERK, IRE1, ATF4, CHOP), thus decreasing the cell viability and inducing apoptosis in human PC9 and A549 NSCLC cell lines. Moreover, the decreased migratory and adhesive abilities, downregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Caspase 3 activity and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were observed in NSCLC cells treated with PT. These effects were reversed by CHOP siRNA which inhibited the ERS signaling pathway, but were promoted by thapsigargin (a classical ERS inducer) in vitro. Besides, in vivo studies also verify that PT exerted anticancer activity by mobilizing ERS signaling and apoptosis-related proteins, and these effects were enhanced by thapsigargin. Therefore, ERS activation may represent a new mechanism of anti-NSCLC action by PT, and a novel therapeutic intervention for lung cancer.
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Suppression of Osteoclastogenesis by Melatonin: A Melatonin Receptor-Independent Action. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061142. [PMID: 28587149 PMCID: PMC5485966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, melatonin is primarily secreted from the pineal gland but it affects various biological processes including the sleep-wake cycle, vasomotor control, immune system and bone homeostasis. Melatonin has been known to promote osteoblast differentiation and bone maturation, but a direct role of melatonin on osteoclast differentiation is still elusive. The present study investigated the effect of melatonin on the differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts. The presence of melatonin significantly reduced receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and the siRNA-mediated knockdown of the melatonin receptor failed to overcome the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of melatonin. Although melatonin treatment did not affect the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), it markedly inhibited the activation of NF-κB and subsequent induction of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1). Thus, our results suggest that melatonin could suppress osteoclast differentiation through downregulation of NF-κB pathway with concomitant decrease in the NFATc1 transcription factor induction. Furthermore, melatonin seems to have an anti-osteoclastogenic effect independent of plasma membrane melatonin receptors. In addition to previously reported properties of melatonin, our study proposes another aspect of melatonin and bone homeostasis.
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66
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Oral Mucositis: Melatonin Gel an Effective New Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051003. [PMID: 28481279 PMCID: PMC5454916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment for cervico-facial cancer involves radio and/or chemotherapy. Unfortunately, cancer therapies can lead to local and systemic complications such as mucositis, which is the most common dose-dependent complication in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Mucositis can cause a considerably reduced quality of life in cancer patients already suffering from physical and psychological exhaustion. However, the role of melatonin in the treatment of mucositis has recently been investigated, and offers an effective alternative therapy in the prevention and/or management of radio and/or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. This review focuses on the pathobiology and management of mucositis in order to improve the quality of cancer patients' lives.
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Tan DX, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Qin L, Yang SF, Xu K. Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E843. [PMID: 28420185 PMCID: PMC5412427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin's co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio A Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | - Lilan Qin
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan, Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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68
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Melatonin protects rats from radiotherapy-induced small intestine toxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174474. [PMID: 28403142 PMCID: PMC5389624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity is among the most prevalent dose-limiting toxicities following radiotherapy. Prevention of radiation enteropathy requires protection of the small intestine. However, despite the prevalence and burden of this pathology, there are currently no effective treatments for radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity, and this pathology remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the changes induced in the rat small intestine after external irradiation of the tongue, and to explore the potential radio-protective effects of melatonin gel. Male Wistar rats were subjected to irradiation of their tongues with an X-Ray YXLON Y.Tu 320-D03 irradiator, receiving a dose of 7.5 Gy/day for 5 days. For 21 days post-irradiation, rats were treated with 45 mg/day melatonin gel or vehicle, by local application into their mouths. Our results showed that mitochondrial oxidative stress, bioenergetic impairment, and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation were involved in the development of radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity. Oral treatment with melatonin gel had a protective effect in the small intestine, which was associated with mitochondrial protection and, consequently, with a reduced inflammatory response, blunting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation. Thus, rats treated with melatonin gel showed reduced intestinal apoptosis, relieving mucosal dysfunction and facilitating intestinal mucosa recovery. Our findings suggest that oral treatment with melatonin gel may be a potential preventive therapy for radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity in cancer patients.
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Martínez-Campa C, Menéndez-Menéndez J, Alonso-González C, González A, Álvarez-García V, Cos S. What is known about melatonin, chemotherapy and altered gene expression in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2003-2014. [PMID: 28454355 PMCID: PMC5403278 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, synthesized in and released from the pineal gland, has been demonstrated by multiple in vivo and in vitro studies to have an oncostatic role in hormone-dependent tumors. Furthermore, several clinical trials point to melatonin as a promising adjuvant molecule to be considered for cancer treatment. In the past few years, evidence of a broader spectrum of action of melatonin as an antitumor agent has arisen; thus, melatonin appears to also have therapeutic effects in several types of hormone-independent cancer, including ovarian, leukemic, pancreatic, gastric and non-small cell lung carcinoma. In the present study, the latest findings regarding melatonin molecular actions when concomitantly administered with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy in cancer were reviewed, with a particular focus on hormone-dependent breast cancer. Finally, the present study discusses which direction should be followed in the next years to definitely clarify whether or not melatonin administration could protect against non-desirable effects (such as altered gene expression and post-translational protein modifications) caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments. As treatments move towards personalized medicine, comparative gene expression profiling with and without melatonin may be a powerful tool to better understand the antitumor effects of melatonin, the pineal gland hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Campa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Research Institute Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence to: Dr Carlos Martínez-Campa, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Research Institute Valdecilla, Av. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain, E-mail:
| | - Javier Menéndez-Menéndez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Research Institute Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Carolina Alonso-González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Research Institute Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Alicia González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Research Institute Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Virginia Álvarez-García
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samuel Cos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Research Institute Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Mayo JC, Sainz RM, González Menéndez P, Cepas V, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and sirtuins: A "not-so unexpected" relationship. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28109165 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including methylation or acetylation as well as post-transcriptional modifications, are mechanisms used by eukaryotic cells to increase the genome diversity in terms of differential gene expression and protein diversity. Among these modifying enzymes, sirtuins, a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, are of particular importance. Sirtuins regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, cell survival, and apoptosis, thus having important roles in normal and cancer cells. Sirtuins can also regulate metabolic pathways by changing preference for glycolysis under aerobic conditions as well as glutaminolysis. These actions make sirtuins a major target in numerous physiological processes as well as in other contexts such as calorie restriction-induced anti-aging, cancer, or neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, melatonin, a nighttime-produced indole synthesized by pineal gland and many other organs, has important cytoprotective effects in many tissues including aging, neurodegenerative diseases, immunomodulation, and cancer. The pleiotropic actions of melatonin in different physiological and pathological conditions indicate that may be basic cellular targeted for the indole. Thus, much research has focused attention on the potential mechanisms of the indole in modulating expression and/or activity of sirtuins. Numerous findings report a rise in activity, especially on SIRT1, in a diversity of cells and animal models after melatonin treatment. This contrasts, however, with data reporting an inhibitory effect of melatonin on this sirtuin in some tumor cells. This review tabulates and discusses the recent findings relating melatonin with sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, showing the apparent dichotomy with the differential actions documented in normal and in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro González Menéndez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cepas
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
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Su SC, Hsieh MJ, Yang WE, Chung WH, Reiter RJ, Yang SF. Cancer metastasis: Mechanisms of inhibition by melatonin. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27706852 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule secreted by the pineal gland and known as a gatekeeper of circadian clocks. Mounting evidence indicates that melatonin, employing multiple and interrelated mechanisms, exhibits a variety of oncostatic properties in a myriad of tumors during different stages of their progression. Tumor metastasis, which commonly occurs at the late stage, is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths; metastases lead to the development of secondary tumors distant from a primary site. In reference to melatonin, the vast majority of investigations have focused on tumor development and progression at the primary site. Recently, however, interest has shifted toward the role of melatonin on tumor metastases. In this review, we highlight current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which melatonin counteracts tumor metastases, including experimental and clinical observations; emphasis is placed on the impact of both cancer and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment. Due to the broad range of melatonin's actions, the mechanisms underlying its ability to interfere with metastases are numerous. These include modulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, extracellular matrix remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases, cytoskeleton reorganization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. The evidence discussed herein will serve as a solid foundation for urging basic and clinical studies on the use of melatonin to understand and control metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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72
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Hu W, Ma Z, Di S, Jiang S, Li Y, Fan C, Yang Y, Wang D. Snapshot: implications for melatonin in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3431-3442. [PMID: 27759160 PMCID: PMC5120159 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important intracellular membranous organelle. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ER is responsible for protein folding and trafficking, lipid synthesis and the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Interestingly, the morphology and structure of the ER were recently found to be important. Melatonin is a hormone that anticipates the daily onset of darkness in mammals, and it is well known that melatonin acts as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body. Notably, the existing evidence demonstrates that melatonin is involved in ER homeostasis, particularly in the morphology of the ER, indicating a potential protective role of melatonin. This review discusses the existing knowledge regarding the implications for the involvement of melatonin in ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
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Ho HY, Lin CW, Chien MH, Reiter RJ, Su SC, Hsieh YH, Yang SF. Melatonin suppresses TPA-induced metastasis by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through JNK/SP-1 signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:479-492. [PMID: 27600920 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a disease common in the South-East Asian population, has high lymph node metastatic ability. Melatonin, an endogenously produced substance present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, has oncostatic activity via several mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms involved in melatonin-mediated tumor inhibitory potential are not completely defined. Here, we show that melatonin treatment inhibits TPA-induced cell motility by regulating the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in NPC. We also identified the signaling cascade through which melatonin inhibits MMP-9 expression; this involves melatonin regulating the binding activity of the transcription factor specificity protein-1 (SP-1)-DNA. Our mechanistic analysis further reveals that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is involved in the melatonin-mediated tumor suppressor activity. Furthermore, the findings indicate a functional link between melatonin-mediated MMP-9 regulation and tumor suppressing ability and provide new insights into the role of melatonin-induced molecular and epigenetic regulation of tumor growth. Thus, we conclude that melatonin suppresses the motility of NPC by regulating TPA-induced MMP-9 gene expression via inhibiting SP-1-DNA binding ability. The results provide a functional link between melatonin-mediated SP-1 regulation and the antimetastatic actions of melatonin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111442. [PMID: 27801875 PMCID: PMC6274579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
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Ma Z, Fan C, Yang Y, Di S, Hu W, Li T, Zhu Y, Han J, Xin Z, Wu G, Zhao J, Li X, Yan X. Thapsigargin sensitizes human esophageal cancer to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via AMPK activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35196. [PMID: 27731378 PMCID: PMC5059685 DOI: 10.1038/srep35196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Forced expression of CHOP, one of the key downstream transcription factors during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, upregulates the death receptor 5 (DR5) levels and promotes oxidative stress and cell death. In this study, we show that ER stress mediated by thapsigargin promoted CHOP and DR5 synthesis thus sensitizing TRAIL treatment, which induced ESCC cells apoptosis. These effects were reversed by DR5 siRNA in vitro and CHOP siRNA both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, chemically inhibition of AMPK by Compound C and AMPK siRNA weakened the anti-cancer effect of thapsigargin and TRAIL co-treatment. Therefore, our findings suggest ER stress effectively sensitizes human ESCC to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via the TRAIL-DR5-AMPK signaling pathway, and that activation of ER stress may be beneficial for improving the efficacy of TRAIL-based anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guiling Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Military General Hospital, 5 DongSi ShiTiao Road 100070, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
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