51
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Schlägel UE, Grimm V, Blaum N, Colangeli P, Dammhahn M, Eccard JA, Hausmann SL, Herde A, Hofer H, Joshi J, Kramer-Schadt S, Litwin M, Lozada-Gobilard SD, Müller MEH, Müller T, Nathan R, Petermann JS, Pirhofer-Walzl K, Radchuk V, Rillig MC, Roeleke M, Schäfer M, Scherer C, Schiro G, Scholz C, Teckentrup L, Tiedemann R, Ullmann W, Voigt CC, Weithoff G, Jeltsch F. Movement-mediated community assembly and coexistence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1073-1096. [PMID: 32627362 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organismal movement is ubiquitous and facilitates important ecological mechanisms that drive community and metacommunity composition and hence biodiversity. In most existing ecological theories and models in biodiversity research, movement is represented simplistically, ignoring the behavioural basis of movement and consequently the variation in behaviour at species and individual levels. However, as human endeavours modify climate and land use, the behavioural processes of organisms in response to these changes, including movement, become critical to understanding the resulting biodiversity loss. Here, we draw together research from different subdisciplines in ecology to understand the impact of individual-level movement processes on community-level patterns in species composition and coexistence. We join the movement ecology framework with the key concepts from metacommunity theory, community assembly and modern coexistence theory using the idea of micro-macro links, where various aspects of emergent movement behaviour scale up to local and regional patterns in species mobility and mobile-link-generated patterns in abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. These in turn influence both individual movement and, at ecological timescales, mechanisms such as dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, and niche partitioning. We conclude by highlighting challenges to and promising future avenues for data generation, data analysis and complementary modelling approaches and provide a brief outlook on how a new behaviour-based view on movement becomes important in understanding the responses of communities under ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike E Schlägel
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Grimm
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Colangeli
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian L Hausmann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Herde
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Landscape and Open Space, Hochschule für Technik HSR Rapperswil, Seestrasse 10, 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena Litwin
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sissi D Lozada-Gobilard
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marina E H Müller
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ran Nathan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Movement Ecology Laboratory, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jana S Petermann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Pirhofer-Walzl
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Viktoriia Radchuk
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Roeleke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merlin Schäfer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Cédric Scherer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Scholz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Teckentrup
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Behavioral Biology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guntram Weithoff
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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52
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Wang T, Hu J, Wang R, Liu C, Yu D. Trait convergence and niche differentiation of two exotic invasive free-floating plant species in China under shifted water nutrient stoichiometric regimes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35779-35786. [PMID: 31705409 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of eutrophication on the growth and phenotypic performance of macrophytes have been widely studied. Experimental evidence suggests that an increase in the water nutrient level would promote the performance of several invasive free-floating macrophytes. However, few studies have focused on how a shift in water nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) stoichiometric regimes may influence the performance of invasive free-floating macrophytes. In the present study, two exotic invasive plant species, free-floating Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes, were subjected to different water nutrient stoichiometric regimes, and their phenotypic performance was studied. We found that the two species converged in several resource use traits and diverged in lateral root length. This implied that their similarities in fitness-correlated traits and their underwater niche differentiation probably contribute to their stable coexistence in the field. Additionally, the eutrophic conditions in the different N:P regimes scarcely altered the performance of both species compared to their performance in the oligotrophic condition. Based on previous studies, we predicted that moderate eutrophication with slight overloading of nitrogen and phosphorus would not improve the performance of several invasive free-floating plants and thus would scarcely alter the invasive status of these species. However, moderate eutrophication may cause other problems, such as the growth of phytoplankton and algae and increased pollution in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, NO. 72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- The National Field Station of Liangzi Lake Ecosystem, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Plants, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, NO. 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, NO. 72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Liangzi Lake Ecosystem, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Laboratory of Aquatic Plants, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, NO. 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Dan Yu
- The National Field Station of Liangzi Lake Ecosystem, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Plants, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, NO. 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430072, China
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53
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Feng Y, Soliveres S, Allan E, Rosenbaum B, Wagg C, Tabi A, De Luca E, Eisenhauer N, Schmid B, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Roscher C, Fischer M. Inferring competitive outcomes, ranks and intransitivity from empirical data: A comparison of different methods. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Feng
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchUFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Department of Ecology University of Alicante Alicante Spain
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity University of Jena Jena Germany
| | - Cameron Wagg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tabi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Enrica De Luca
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchUFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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54
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Barraquand F, Gimenez O. Integrating multiple data sources to fit matrix population models for interacting species. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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55
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Catella SA, Eysenbach SR, Abbott KC. Novel insights into how the mean and heterogeneity of abiotic conditions together shape forb species richness patterns in the Allegheny plateau ecoregion. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12374-12389. [PMID: 31788184 PMCID: PMC6875668 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT While plant community theory tends to emphasize the importance of abiotic heterogeneity along niche axes, much empirical work seeks to characterize the influence of the absolute magnitude of key abiotic variables on diversity. Both magnitude (as reflected, e.g., by a mean) and heterogeneity (variance) in abiotic conditions likely contribute to biodiversity patterns in plant communities, but given the large number of putative abiotic drivers and the fact that each may vary at different spatiotemporal scales, the challenge of linking observed biotic patterns with the underlying environment remains acute. Using monitoring data from a natural resource agency, we compared how well statistical models of the mean, heterogeneity, and both the mean and heterogeneity combined of 17 abiotic factor variables explained patterns of forb species richness in Northeast Ohio, USA. We performed our analyses at two spatial scales, repeated in spring and summer across four forest types. Although all models explained a great deal of the variance in species richness, models including both the mean and heterogeneity of different abiotic factors together outperformed models including either the mean or the heterogeneity of abiotic factors alone. Variability in forb species richness was mostly due to changes in mean calcium levels regardless of forest type. After accounting for forest type, we were able to attribute variation in forb species richness to changes in the heterogeneity of different abiotic factors as well. Our results suggest that multiple mechanisms act simultaneously according to different aspects of the abiotic environment to structure forb communities, and this underscores the importance of considering both the magnitude of and heterogeneity in multiple abiotic factors when looking for links between the abiotic environment and plant community patterns. Finally, we identify novel patterns across spatial scales, forest types, and seasons that can guide future research in this vein. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally-shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kp3cb17.
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56
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The Invasion Criterion: A Common Currency for Ecological Research. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:925-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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57
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Song C, Barabás G, Saavedra S. On the Consequences of the Interdependence of Stabilizing and Equalizing Mechanisms. Am Nat 2019; 194:627-639. [PMID: 31613676 DOI: 10.1086/705347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We present an overlooked but important property of modern coexistence theory (MCT), along with two key new results and their consequences. The overlooked property is that stabilizing mechanisms (increasing species' niche differences) and equalizing mechanisms (reducing species' fitness differences) have two distinct sets of meanings within MCT: one in a two-species context and another in a general multispecies context. We demonstrate that the two-species framework is not a special case of the multispecies one, and therefore these two parallel frameworks must be studied independently. Our first result is that, using the two-species framework and mechanistic consumer-resource models, stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms exhibit complex interdependence, such that changing one will simultaneously change the other. Furthermore, the nature and direction of this simultaneous change sensitively depend on model parameters. The second result states that while MCT is often seen as bridging niche and neutral modes of coexistence by building a niche-neutrality continuum, the interdependence between stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms acts to break this continuum under almost any biologically relevant circumstance. We conclude that the complex entanglement of stabilizing and equalizing terms makes their impact on coexistence difficult to understand, but by seeing them as aggregated effects (rather than underlying causes) of coexistence, we may increase our understanding of ecological dynamics.
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58
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Broekman MJE, Muller-Landau HC, Visser MD, Jongejans E, Wright SJ, de Kroon H. Signs of stabilisation and stable coexistence. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1957-1975. [PMID: 31328414 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many empirical studies motivated by an interest in stable coexistence have quantified negative density dependence, negative frequency dependence, or negative plant-soil feedback, but the links between these empirical results and ecological theory are not straightforward. Here, we relate these analyses to theoretical conditions for stabilisation and stable coexistence in classical competition models. By stabilisation, we mean an excess of intraspecific competition relative to interspecific competition that inherently slows or even prevents competitive exclusion. We show that most, though not all, tests demonstrating negative density dependence, negative frequency dependence, and negative plant-soil feedback constitute sufficient conditions for stabilisation of two-species interactions if applied to data for per capita population growth rates of pairs of species, but none are necessary or sufficient conditions for stable coexistence of two species. Potential inferences are even more limited when communities involve more than two species, and when performance is measured at a single life stage or vital rate. We then discuss two approaches that enable stronger tests for stable coexistence-invasibility experiments and model parameterisation. The model parameterisation approach can be applied to typical density-dependence, frequency-dependence, and plant-soil feedback data sets, and generally enables better links with mechanisms and greater insights, as demonstrated by recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J E Broekman
- Department of Plant Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helene C Muller-Landau
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá
| | - Marco D Visser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S J Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Plant Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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59
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Hallett LM, Shoemaker LG, White CT, Suding KN. Rainfall variability maintains grass-forb species coexistence. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1658-1667. [PMID: 31298471 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variability can structure species coexistence by enhancing niche partitioning. Modern coexistence theory highlights two fluctuation-dependent temporal coexistence mechanisms -the storage effect and relative nonlinearity - but empirical tests are rare. Here, we experimentally test if environmental fluctuations enhance coexistence in a California annual grassland. We manipulate rainfall timing and relative densities of the grass Avena barbata and forb Erodium botrys, parameterise a demographic model, and partition coexistence mechanisms. Rainfall variability was integral to grass-forb coexistence. Variability enhanced growth rates of both species, and early-season drought was essential for Erodium persistence. While theoretical developments have focused on the storage effect, it was not critical for coexistence. In comparison, relative nonlinearity strongly stabilised coexistence, where Erodium experienced disproportionately high growth under early-season drought due to competitive release from Avena. Our results underscore the importance of environmental variability and suggest that relative nonlinearity is a critical if underappreciated coexistence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hallett
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | | | - Caitlin T White
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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60
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Zepeda V, Martorell C. Fluctuation‐independent niche differentiation and relative non‐linearity drive coexistence in a species‐rich grassland. Ecology 2019; 100:e02726. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Zepeda
- Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Mexico City 04510 Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Unidad de Posgrado Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria Mexico City C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Carlos Martorell
- Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Mexico City 04510 Mexico
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61
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Zhang Z, van Kleunen M. Common alien plants are more competitive than rare natives but not than common natives. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1378-1386. [PMID: 31207021 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Success of alien plants is often attributed to high competitive ability. However, not all aliens become dominant, and not all natives are vulnerable to competitive exclusion. Here, we quantified competitive outcomes and their determinants, using response-surface experiments, in 48 pairs of native and naturalised alien annuals that are common or rare in Germany. Overall, aliens were not more competitive than natives. However, common aliens (invasive) were, despite strong limitation by intraspecific competition, more competitive than rare natives. This is because alien species had higher intrinsic growth rates than natives, and common species had higher intrinsic growth rates than rare ones. Strength of interspecific competition was not related to status or commonness. Our work highlights the importance of including commonness in understanding invasion success. It suggests that variation among species in intrinsic growth rates is more important in competitive outcomes than inter- or intraspecific competition, and thus contributes to invasion success and rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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62
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Schreiber SJ, Yamamichi M, Strauss SY. When rarity has costs: coexistence under positive frequency‐dependence and environmental stochasticity. Ecology 2019; 100:e02664. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology University of California Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Masato Yamamichi
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606‐8501 Japan
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Shiga 520‐2113 Japan
| | - Sharon Y. Strauss
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology University of California Davis California 95616 USA
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63
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Chung YA, Collins SL, Rudgers JA. Connecting plant–soil feedbacks to long‐term stability in a desert grassland. Ecology 2019; 100:e02756. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Anny Chung
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
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64
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Jeltsch F, Grimm V, Reeg J, Schlägel UE. Give chance a chance: from coexistence to coviability in biodiversity theory. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jeltsch
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 Potsdam‐Golm DE‐14476 Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin DE‐14195 Germany
| | - Volker Grimm
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 Potsdam‐Golm DE‐14476 Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZ Permoserstraße 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Jette Reeg
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 Potsdam‐Golm DE‐14476 Germany
| | - Ulrike E. Schlägel
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 Potsdam‐Golm DE‐14476 Germany
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65
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Armitage DW, Jones SE. Negative frequency‐dependent growth underlies the stable coexistence of two cosmopolitan aquatic plants. Ecology 2019; 100:e02657. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Armitage
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame 100 Galvin Life Science Center Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Stuart E. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame 100 Galvin Life Science Center Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
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66
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Maynard DS, Wootton JT, Serván CA, Allesina S. Reconciling empirical interactions and species coexistence. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1028-1037. [PMID: 30900803 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Coexistence in ecological communities is governed largely by the nature and intensity of species interactions. Countless studies have proposed methods to infer these interactions from empirical data, yet models parameterised using such data often fail to recover observed coexistence patterns. Here, we propose a method to reconcile empirical parameterisations of community dynamics with species-abundance data, ensuring that the predicted equilibrium is consistent with the observed abundance distribution. To illustrate the approach, we explore two case studies: an experimental freshwater algal community and a long-term time series of displacement in an intertidal community. We demonstrate how our method helps recover observed coexistence patterns, capture the core dynamics of the system, and, in the latter case, predict the impacts of experimental extinctions. Collectively, these results demonstrate an intuitive approach for reconciling observed and empirical data, improving our ability to explore the links between species interactions and coexistence in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Maynard
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - J Timothy Wootton
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Carlos A Serván
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57th, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, 600 Foster Street, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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67
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Li SP, Tan J, Yang X, Ma C, Jiang L. Niche and fitness differences determine invasion success and impact in laboratory bacterial communities. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:402-412. [PMID: 30254322 PMCID: PMC6331569 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of invasion in microbial communities worldwide, but the mechanisms behind microbial invasions remain poorly understood. Specifically, we know little about how the evolutionary and ecological differences between invaders and natives regulate invasion success and impact. Darwin's naturalization hypothesis suggests that the phylogenetic distance between invaders and natives could be a useful predictor of invasion, and modern coexistence theory proposes that invader-native niche and fitness differences combine to determine invasion outcome. However, the relative importance of phylogenetic distance, niche difference and fitness difference for microbial invasions has rarely been examined. By using laboratory bacterial microcosms as model systems, we experimentally assessed the roles of these differences for the success of bacterial invaders and their impact on native bacterial community structure. We found that the phylogenetic distance between invaders and natives failed to explain invasion success and impact for two of three invaders at the phylogenetic scale considered. Further, we found that invasion success was better explained by invader-native niche differences than relative fitness differences for all three invaders, whereas invasion impact was better explained by invader-native relative fitness differences than niche differences. These findings highlight the utility of considering modern coexistence theory to gain a more mechanistic understanding of microbial invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Peng Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Xian Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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68
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Ellner SP, Snyder RE, Adler PB, Hooker G. An expanded modern coexistence theory for empirical applications. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:3-18. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Robin E. Snyder
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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69
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Tredennick AT, de Mazancourt C, Loreau M, Adler PB. Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine synchrony of dominant species in semiarid grasslands. Ecology 2018; 98:971-981. [PMID: 28144939 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Temporal asynchrony among species helps diversity to stabilize ecosystem functioning, but identifying the mechanisms that determine synchrony remains a challenge. Here, we refine and test theory showing that synchrony depends on three factors: species responses to environmental variation, interspecific interactions, and demographic stochasticity. We then conduct simulation experiments with empirical population models to quantify the relative influence of these factors on the synchrony of dominant species in five semiarid grasslands. We found that the average synchrony of per capita growth rates, which can range from 0 (perfect asynchrony) to 1 (perfect synchrony), was higher when environmental variation was present (0.62) rather than absent (0.43). Removing interspecific interactions and demographic stochasticity had small effects on synchrony. For the dominant species in these plant communities, where species interactions and demographic stochasticity have little influence, synchrony reflects the covariance in species' responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Claire de Mazancourt
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
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70
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Tuck SL, Porter J, Rees M, Turnbull LA. Strong responses from weakly interacting species. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1845-1852. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Tuck
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK
| | - Janielle Porter
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Mark Rees
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; Western Bank; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Lindsay A. Turnbull
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK
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71
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Tredennick AT, Teller B, Adler PB, Hooker G, Ellner SP. Size‐by‐environment interactions: a neglected dimension of species' responses to environmental variation. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1757-1770. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Brittany J. Teller
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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72
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Usinowicz J, Levine JM. Species persistence under climate change: a geographical scale coexistence problem. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1589-1603. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Usinowicz
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zurich; 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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73
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Schellenberger Costa D, Gerschlauer F, Kiese R, Fischer M, Kleyer M, Hemp A. Plant niche breadths along environmental gradients and their relationship to plant functional traits. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Schellenberger Costa
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences; University of Oldenburg; Oldenburg Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Friederike Gerschlauer
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Center; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences; University of Oldenburg; Oldenburg Germany
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
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74
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Johnson DJ, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Comita LS. Abiotic niche partitioning and negative density dependence drive tree seedling survival in a tropical forest. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.2210. [PMID: 29237862 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In tropical tree communities, processes occurring during early life stages play a critical role in shaping forest composition and diversity through differences in species' performance. Predicting the future of tropical forests depends on a solid understanding of the drivers of seedling survival. At the same time, factors determining spatial and temporal patterns of seedling survival can play a large role in permitting species coexistence in diverse communities. Using long-term data on the survival of more than 45 000 seedlings of 238 species in a Neotropical forest, we assessed the relative importance of key abiotic and biotic neighbourhood variables thought to influence individual seedling survival and tested whether species vary significantly in their responses to these variables, consistent with niche differences. At the community level, seedling survival was significantly correlated with plant size, topographic habitat, neighbourhood densities of conspecific seedlings, conspecific and heterospecific trees and annual variation in water availability, in descending order of effect size. Additionally, we found significant variation among species in their sensitivity to light and water availability, as well as in their survival within different topographic habitats, indicating the potential for niche differentiation among species that could allow for species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA.,Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.,University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liza S Comita
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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75
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Adler PB, Smull D, Beard KH, Choi RT, Furniss T, Kulmatiski A, Meiners JM, Tredennick AT, Veblen KE. Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1319-1329. [PMID: 29938882 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that intraspecific competition should be stronger than interspecific competition for any pair of stably coexisting species, yet previous literature reviews found little support for this pattern. We screened over 5400 publications and identified 39 studies that quantified phenomenological intraspecific and interspecific interactions in terrestrial plant communities. Of the 67% of species pairs in which both intra- and interspecific effects were negative (competitive), intraspecific competition was, on average, four to five-fold stronger than interspecific competition. Of the remaining pairs, 93% featured intraspecific competition and interspecific facilitation, a situation that stabilises coexistence. The difference between intra- and interspecific effects tended to be larger in observational than experimental data sets, in field than greenhouse studies, and in studies that quantified population growth over the full life cycle rather than single fitness components. Our results imply that processes promoting stable coexistence at local scales are common and consequential across terrestrial plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Danielle Smull
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Karen H Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Ryan T Choi
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Tucker Furniss
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Joan M Meiners
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Andrew T Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kari E Veblen
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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76
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Adler PB, Kleinhesselink A, Hooker G, Taylor JB, Teller B, Ellner SP. Weak interspecific interactions in a sagebrush steppe? Conflicting evidence from observations and experiments. Ecology 2018; 99:1621-1632. [PMID: 29705994 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable coexistence requires intraspecific limitations to be stronger than interspecific limitations. The greater the difference between intra- and interspecific limitations, the more stable the coexistence, and the weaker the competitive release any species should experience following removal of competitors. We conducted a removal experiment to test whether a previously estimated model, showing surprisingly weak interspecific competition for four dominant species in a sagebrush steppe, accurately predicts competitive release. Our treatments were (1) removal of all perennial grasses and (2) removal of the dominant shrub, Artemisia tripartita. We regressed survival, growth, and recruitment on the locations, sizes, and species identities of neighboring plants, along with an indicator variable for removal treatment. If our "baseline" regression model, which accounts for local plant-plant interactions, accurately explains the observed responses to removals, then the removal coefficient should be non-significant. For survival, the removal coefficients were never significantly different from zero, and only A. tripartita showed a (negative) response to removals at the recruitment stage. For growth, the removal treatment effect was significant and positive for two species, Poa secunda and Pseudoroegneria spicata, indicating that the baseline model underestimated interspecific competition. For all three grass species, population models based on the vital rate regressions that included removal effects projected 1.4- to 3-fold increases in equilibrium population size relative to the baseline model (no removal effects). However, we found no evidence of higher response to removal in quadrats with higher pretreatment cover of A. tripartita, or by plants experiencing higher pre-treatment crowding by A. tripartita, raising questions about the mechanisms driving the positive response to removal. While our results show the value of combining observations with a simple removal experiment, more tightly controlled experiments focused on underlying mechanisms may be required to conclusively validate or reject predictions from phenomenological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, 1198 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joshua B Taylor
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, 19 Office Loop, Dubois, Idaho, USA
| | - Brittany Teller
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Stephen P Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, New York, USA
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77
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Saito VS, Laroche F, Siqueira T, Pavoine S. Ecological versatility and the assembly of multiple competitors: cautionary notes for assembly inferences. Ecology 2018; 99:1173-1183. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor S. Saito
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais ‐ DCAm and Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Universidade Federal de São Carlos Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235 13565‐905 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR7204) Sorbonne Universités MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP51 43‐61 rue Buffon Paris 75005 France
| | | | - Tadeu Siqueira
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Av. 24‐A, 1515, 13506‐900 Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandrine Pavoine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR7204) Sorbonne Universités MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP51 43‐61 rue Buffon Paris 75005 France
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78
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Godoy O, Bartomeus I, Rohr RP, Saavedra S. Towards the Integration of Niche and Network Theories. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:287-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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79
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Snyder RE, Ellner SP. Pluck or Luck: Does Trait Variation or Chance Drive Variation in Lifetime Reproductive Success? Am Nat 2018; 191:E90-E107. [DOI: 10.1086/696125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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80
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Laughlin DC, Strahan RT, Adler PB, Moore MM. Survival rates indicate that correlations between community‐weighted mean traits and environments can be unreliable estimates of the adaptive value of traits. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:411-421. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Laughlin
- Department of Botany University of Wyoming 1000 E. University Ave. Laramie WY82071 USA
| | - Robert T. Strahan
- Southern Oregon University Biology and Environmental Science and Policy Programs 1250 Siskiyou Boulevard Ashland OR97520 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT84322 USA
| | - Margaret M. Moore
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ86011 USA
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81
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Green PT, Harms KE. The causes of disproportionate non-random mortality among life-cycle stages. Ecology 2017; 99:36-46. [PMID: 28977684 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emergent properties of the collection of species in a natural community, such as diversity and the distribution of relative abundances, are influenced by both niche-based and neutral (stochastic) processes. This pluralistic view of the natural world reconciles theory with empirical observations better than does either a strictly niche- or neutrality-based perspective. Even so, rules (or rules of thumb) that govern the relative contributions that niche-based and stochastic processes make as communities assemble remain only vaguely formulated and incompletely tested. For example, the translation of non-random (non-neutral) ecological processes, which differentially sort among species within a community, into species-compositional patterns may occur more influentially within some demographic subsets of organisms than within others. In other words, the relative contributions of niche vs. neutral processes may vary among age-, size-, or stage-classes. For example, non-random patterns of mortality that occur among seedlings in a rain forest, or among newly settled juveniles in communities of sessile marine communities, could be more influential than non-random mortality during later stages in determining overall community diversity. We propose two alternative, mutually compatible, hypotheses to account for different levels of influence from mortality among life-cycle stages toward producing non-random patterns in organismal communities. The Turnover Model simply posits that those demographic classes characterized by faster rates of turnover contribute greater influence in the short-term as sufficient mortality gives rise to non-random changes to the community, as well as over the longer-term as multiple individuals of a given fast-turnover demographic class transition into later classes compared to each individual that ratchets from a slow-turnover starting class into a later class. The Turnover Model should apply to most communities of organisms. The Niche Model, which posits that niche-based processes are more influential in some demographic classes relative to others, may alternatively or additionally apply to communities. We also propose several alternative mechanisms, especially relevant to forest trees, that could cause dynamics consistent with the Niche Model. These mechanisms depend on differences among demographic classes in the extent of demographic variation that individual organisms experience through their trait values or neighborhood conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Green
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kyle E Harms
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
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82
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D'Andrea R, Ostling A. Biodiversity maintenance may be lower under partial niche differentiation than under neutrality. Ecology 2017; 98:3211-3218. [PMID: 28898396 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Niche differentiation is normally regarded as a key promoter of species coexistence in competitive systems. One might therefore expect that relative to neutral assemblages, niche-differentiated communities should support more species with longer persistence and lower probability of extinction. Here we compare stochastic niche and neutral dynamics in simulated assemblages, and find that when local dynamics combine with immigration from a regional pool, the effect of niches can be more complex. Trait variation that lessens competition between species will not necessarily give all immigrating species their own niche to occupy. Such partial niche differentiation protects certain species from local extinction, but precipitates exclusion of others. Differences in regional abundances and intrinsic growth rates have similar impacts on persistence times as niche differentiation, and therefore blur the distinction between niche and neutral dynamical patterns-although niche dynamics will influence which species persist longer. Ultimately, unless the number of niches available to species is sufficiently high, niches may actually heighten extinction rates and lower species richness and local persistence times. Our results help make sense of recent observations of community dynamics, and point to the dynamical observations needed to discern the influence of niche differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D'Andrea
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 2004 Kraus Natural Sciences, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Annette Ostling
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 2004 Kraus Natural Sciences, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.,Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Building 3, 2nd floor, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
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83
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Koons DN, Arnold TW, Schaub M. Understanding the demographic drivers of realized population growth rates. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:2102-2115. [PMID: 28675581 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the demographic parameters (e.g., reproduction, survival, dispersal) that most influence population dynamics can increase conservation effectiveness and enhance ecological understanding. Life table response experiments (LTRE) aim to decompose the effects of change in parameters on past demographic outcomes (e.g., population growth rates). But the vast majority of LTREs and other retrospective population analyses have focused on decomposing asymptotic population growth rates, which do not account for the dynamic interplay between population structure and vital rates that shape realized population growth rates (λt=Nt+1/Nt) in time-varying environments. We provide an empirical means to overcome these shortcomings by merging recently developed "transient life-table response experiments" with integrated population models (IPMs). IPMs allow for the estimation of latent population structure and other demographic parameters that are required for transient LTRE analysis, and Bayesian versions additionally allow for complete error propagation from the estimation of demographic parameters to derivations of realized population growth rates and perturbation analyses of growth rates. By integrating available monitoring data for Lesser Scaup over 60 yr, and conducting transient LTREs on IPM estimates, we found that the contribution of juvenile female survival to long-term variation in realized population growth rates was 1.6 and 3.7 times larger than that of adult female survival and fecundity, respectively. But a persistent long-term decline in fecundity explained 92% of the decline in abundance between 1983 and 2006. In contrast, an improvement in adult female survival drove the modest recovery in Lesser Scaup abundance since 2006, indicating that the most important demographic drivers of Lesser Scaup population dynamics are temporally dynamic. In addition to resolving uncertainty about Lesser Scaup population dynamics, the merger of IPMs with transient LTREs will strengthen our understanding of demography for many species as we aim to conserve biodiversity during an era of non-stationary global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Koons
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
- James C. Kennedy Endowed Chair in Wetland and Waterfowl Conservation, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Todd W Arnold
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 135 Skok Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Michael Schaub
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204, Sempach, Switzerland
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84
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Beyond pairwise mechanisms of species coexistence in complex communities. Nature 2017; 546:56-64. [PMID: 28569813 DOI: 10.1038/nature22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous diversity of species in ecological communities has motivated a century of research into the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity. However, much of this work examines the coexistence of just pairs of competitors. This approach ignores those mechanisms of coexistence that emerge only in diverse competitive networks. Despite the potential for these mechanisms to create conditions under which the loss of one competitor triggers the loss of others, we lack the knowledge needed to judge their importance for coexistence in nature. Progress requires borrowing insight from the study of multitrophic interaction networks, and coupling empirical data to models of competition.
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85
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Stump SM. Multispecies Coexistence without Diffuse Competition; or, Why Phylogenetic Signal and Trait Clustering Weaken Coexistence. Am Nat 2017; 190:213-228. [DOI: 10.1086/692470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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86
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Hart SP, Usinowicz J, Levine JM. The spatial scales of species coexistence. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1066-1073. [PMID: 29046584 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how species diversity is maintained is a foundational problem in ecology and an essential requirement for the discipline to be effective as an applied science. Ecologists' understanding of this problem has rapidly matured, but this has exposed profound uncertainty about the spatial scales required to maintain species diversity. Here we define and develop this frontier by proposing the coexistence-area relationship-a real relationship in nature that can be used to understand the determinants of the scale-dependence of diversity maintenance. The coexistence-area relationship motivates new empirical techniques for addressing important, unresolved problems about the influence of demographic stochasticity, environmental heterogeneity and dispersal on scale-dependent patterns of diversity. In so doing, this framework substantially reframes current approaches to spatial community ecology. Quantifying the spatial scales of species coexistence will permit the next important advance in our understanding of the maintenance of diversity in nature, and should improve the contribution of community ecology to biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Hart
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jacob Usinowicz
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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87
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Saavedra S, Rohr RP, Bascompte J, Godoy O, Kraft NJB, Levine JM. A structural approach for understanding multispecies coexistence. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Saavedra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachsetts 02139 USA
| | - Rudolf P. Rohr
- Department of Biology – Ecology and Evolution University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 10 Fribourg CH‐1700 Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich CH‐8057 Switzerland
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS‐CSIC) Avenida Reina Mercedes 10 Sevilla E‐41080 Spain
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich CH‐8092 Switzerland
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88
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Gallien L, Zimmermann NE, Levine JM, Adler PB. The effects of intransitive competition on coexistence. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:791-800. [PMID: 28547799 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coexistence theory has been developed with an almost exclusive focus on interactions between two species, often ignoring more complex and indirect interactions, such as intransitive loops, that can emerge in competition networks. In fact, intransitive competition has typically been studied in isolation from other pairwise stabilising processes, and thus little is known about how intransitivity interacts with more traditional drivers of species coexistence such as niche partitioning. To integrate intransitivity into traditional coexistence theory, we developed a metric of growth rate when rare, Δri¯, to identify and quantify the impact of intransitive competition against a backdrop of pairwise stabilising niche differences. Using this index with simulations of community dynamics, we demonstrate that intransitive loops can both stabilise or destabilise species coexistence, but the strength and importance of intransitive interactions are significantly affected by the length and the topology of these loops. We conclude by showing how Δri¯ can be used to evaluate effects of intransitivity in empirical studies. Our results emphasise the need to integrate complex mechanisms emerging from diverse interactions into our understanding of species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gallien
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.,Deparment of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Jonathan M Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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89
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Diversity begets diversity in competition for space. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:156. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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90
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Godoy O, Stouffer DB, Kraft NJB, Levine JM. Intransitivity is infrequent and fails to promote annual plant coexistence without pairwise niche differences. Ecology 2017; 98:1193-1200. [PMID: 28241383 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intransitive competition is often projected to be a widespread mechanism of species coexistence in ecological communities. However, it is unknown how much of the coexistence we observe in nature results from this mechanism when species interactions are also stabilized by pairwise niche differences. We combined field-parameterized models of competition among 18 annual plant species with tools from network theory to quantify the prevalence of intransitive competitive relationships. We then analyzed the predicted outcome of competitive interactions with and without pairwise niche differences. Intransitive competition was found for just 15-19% of the 816 possible triplets, and this mechanism was never sufficient to stabilize the coexistence of the triplet when the pair-wise niche differences between competitors were removed. Of the transitive and intransitive triplets, only four were predicted to coexist and these were more similar in multidimensional trait space defined by 11 functional traits than non-coexisting triplets. Our results argue that intransitive competition may be less frequent than recently posed, and that even when it does operate, pairwise niche differences may be key to possible coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Godoy
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel B Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gallien
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Dept of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch Univ.; ZA-7602 Matieland South Africa
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92
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Tredennick AT, Hooten MB, Adler PB. Do we need demographic data to forecast plant population dynamics? Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
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93
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Plant colonization and survival along a hydrological gradient: demography and niche dynamics. Oecologia 2016; 183:201-210. [PMID: 27796507 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the effect of a changing environment, e.g., caused by climate change, on realized niche dynamics, and consequently, biodiversity is a challenging scientific question that needs to be addressed. One promising approach is to use estimated demographic parameters for predicting plant abundance and occurrence probabilities. Using longitudinal pinpoint cover data sampled along a hydrological gradient in the Marais poitevin grasslands, France, the effect of the gradient on the demographic probabilities of colonization and survival was estimated. The estimated probabilities and calculated elasticities of survival and colonization covaried with the observed cover of the different species along the hydrological gradient. For example, the flooding tolerant grass A. stolonifera showed a positive response in both colonization and survival to flooding, and the hydrological gradient is clearly the most likely explanation for the occurrence pattern observed for A. stolonifera. The results suggest that knowledge on the processes of colonization and survival of the individual species along the hydrological gradient is sufficient for at least a qualitative understanding of species occurrences along the gradient. The results support the hypothesis that colonization has a predominant role for determining the ecological success along the hydrological gradient compared to survival. Importantly, the study suggests that it may be possible to predict the realized niche of different species from demographic studies. This is encouraging for the important endeavor of predicting realized niche dynamics.
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94
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Ellner SP, Snyder RE, Adler PB. How to quantify the temporal storage effect using simulations instead of math. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:1333-1342. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - Robin E. Snyder
- Department of Biology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
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95
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Direct effects dominate responses to climate perturbations in grassland plant communities. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11766. [PMID: 27273085 PMCID: PMC4899860 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that strong indirect effects of environmental change will impact communities when niche differences between competitors are small and variation in the direct effects experienced by competitors is large, but empirical tests are lacking. Here we estimate negative frequency dependence, a proxy for niche differences, and quantify the direct and indirect effects of climate change on each species. Consistent with theory, in four of five communities indirect effects are strongest for species showing weak negative frequency dependence. Indirect effects are also stronger in communities where there is greater variation in direct effects. Overall responses to climate perturbations are driven primarily by direct effects, suggesting that single species models may be adequate for forecasting the impacts of climate change in these communities.
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96
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Zhao L, Zhang Q, Zhang D. Evolution alters ecological mechanisms of coexistence in experimental microcosms. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Quan‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Da‐Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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