1
|
Wang S, Hong P, Adler PB, Allan E, Hautier Y, Schmid B, Spaak JW, Feng Y. Towards mechanistic integration of the causes and consequences of biodiversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00054-5. [PMID: 38503639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The global biodiversity crisis has stimulated decades of research on three themes: species coexistence, biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships (BEF), and biodiversity-ecosystem functional stability relationships (BEFS). However, studies on these themes are largely independent, creating barriers to an integrative understanding of the causes and consequences of biodiversity. Here we review recent progress towards mechanistic integration of coexistence, BEF, and BEFS. Mechanisms underlying the three themes can be linked in various ways, potentially creating either positive or negative relationships between them. That said, we generally expect positive associations between coexistence and BEF, and between BEF and BEFS. Our synthesis represents an initial step towards integrating causes and consequences of biodiversity; future developments should include more mechanistic approaches and broader ecological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Pubin Hong
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jurg W Spaak
- Landscape ecology, RPTU Kaiserslautern Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Yanhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dee LE, Ferraro PJ, Severen CN, Kimmel KA, Borer ET, Byrnes JEK, Clark AT, Hautier Y, Hector A, Raynaud X, Reich PB, Wright AJ, Arnillas CA, Davies KF, MacDougall A, Mori AS, Smith MD, Adler PB, Bakker JD, Brauman KA, Cowles J, Komatsu K, Knops JMH, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Ohlert T, Power SA, Sullivan LL, Stevens C, Loreau M. Publisher Correction: Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4131. [PMID: 37438358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Paul J Ferraro
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health & Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Kaitlin A Kimmel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Adam Thomas Clark
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Xavier Raynaud
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, UPEC, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, iEES Paris, Paris, France
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kendi F Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Kate A Brauman
- Global Water Security Center, The University of Alabama, Box 870206, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, US
| | - Jane Cowles
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kimberly Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Lauren L Sullivan
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spaak JW, Adler PB, Ellner SP. Mechanistic Models of Trophic Interactions: Opportunities for Species Richness and Challenges for Modern Coexistence Theory. Am Nat 2023; 202:E1-E16. [PMID: 37384764 DOI: 10.1086/724660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMany potential mechanisms promote species coexistence, but we know little about their relative importance. To compare multiple mechanisms, we modeled a two-trophic planktonic food web based on mechanistic species interactions and empirically measured species traits. We simulated thousands of possible communities under realistic and altered interaction strengths to assess the relative importance of three potential drivers of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness: resource-mediated coexistence mechanisms, predator-prey interactions, and trait trade-offs. Next, we computed niche and fitness differences of competing zooplankton to obtain a deeper understanding of how these mechanisms determine species richness. We found that predator-prey interactions were the most important driver of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness and that large zooplankton fitness differences were associated with low species richness, but zooplankton niche differences were not associated with species richness. However, for many communities we could not apply modern coexistence theory to compute niche and fitness differences of zooplankton because of conceptual issues with the invasion growth rates arising from trophic interactions. We therefore need to expand modern coexistence theory to fully investigate multitrophic-level communities.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dee LE, Ferraro PJ, Severen CN, Kimmel KA, Borer ET, Byrnes JEK, Clark AT, Hautier Y, Hector A, Raynaud X, Reich PB, Wright AJ, Arnillas CA, Davies KF, MacDougall A, Mori AS, Smith MD, Adler PB, Bakker JD, Brauman KA, Cowles J, Komatsu K, Knops JMH, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Ohlert T, Power SA, Sullivan LL, Stevens C, Loreau M. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2607. [PMID: 37147282 PMCID: PMC10163230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental or observational designs - designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal inferences from correlations and drawing generalizable inferences. Here, we develop a design that reduces this tradeoff and revisits the question of how plant species diversity affects productivity. Our design leverages longitudinal data from 43 grasslands in 11 countries and approaches borrowed from fields outside of ecology to draw causal inferences from observational data. Contrary to many prior studies, we estimate that increases in plot-level species richness caused productivity to decline: a 10% increase in richness decreased productivity by 2.4%, 95% CI [-4.1, -0.74]. This contradiction stems from two sources. First, prior observational studies incompletely control for confounding factors. Second, most experiments plant fewer rare and non-native species than exist in nature. Although increases in native, dominant species increased productivity, increases in rare and non-native species decreased productivity, making the average effect negative in our study. By reducing the tradeoff between experimental and observational designs, our study demonstrates how observational studies can complement prior ecological experiments and inform future ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Paul J Ferraro
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health & Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Kaitlin A Kimmel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Adam Thomas Clark
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Xavier Raynaud
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, UPEC, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, iEES Paris, Paris, France
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kendi F Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Kate A Brauman
- Global Water Security Center, The University of Alabama, Box 870206, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, US
| | - Jane Cowles
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kimberly Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Lauren L Sullivan
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chung YA, Monaco TA, Taylor JB, Adler PB. Do plant-soil feedbacks promote coexistence in a sagebrush steppe? Ecology 2023:e4056. [PMID: 37078529 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the potential for negative plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) to promote stable coexistence, but have not quantified the stabilizing effect relative to other coexistence mechanisms. We conducted a field experiment to test the role of PSFs in stabilizing coexistence among four dominant sagebrush steppe species that appear to coexist stably, based on previous work with observational data and models. We then integrated the effects of PSF treatments on focal species across germination, survival, and first-year growth. To contribute to stable coexistence, soil microbes should have host-specific effects that result in negative feedbacks. Over two replicated growing seasons, our experiments consistently showed that soil microbes have negative effects on plant growth, but these effects were rarely host-specific. The uncommon host-specific effects were mostly positive at the germination stage, and negative for growth. Integrated effects of PSF across early life-stage vital rates showed that PSF-mediated self-limitation occasionally had large effects on projected plant biomass, but occurred inconsistently between years. Our results suggest that while microbially-mediated PSF may not be a common mechanism of coexistence in this community, it may still affect the relative abundance of dominant plant species via changes in host fitness. Our work also serves as a blueprint for future investigations that aim to identify underlying processes and test alternative mechanisms to explain important patterns in community ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Anny Chung
- Departments of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas A Monaco
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - J Bret Taylor
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research Unit, Dubois, Idaho, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hernández CM, Ellner SP, Adler PB, Hooker G, Snyder RE. An exact version of Life Table Response Experiment analysis, and the R package exactLTRE. Methods Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and The Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Statistics and Data Science Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- Department of Statistics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Robin E. Snyder
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang P, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Soons MB, Hefting MM, Kowalchuk GA, Adler PB, Chu C, Zhou X, Brown CS, Guo Z, Zhou X, Zhao Z, Du G, Hautier Y. Space resource utilization of dominant species integrates abundance‐ and functional‐based processes for better predictions of plant diversity dynamics. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou Gansu Province PR China
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Dept of Biology, Utrecht Univ. Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Univ. of MN St. Paul MN USA
| | - Merel B. Soons
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Dept of Biology, Utrecht Univ. Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Mariet M. Hefting
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Dept of Biology, Utrecht Univ. Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - George A. Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Dept of Biology, Utrecht Univ. Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Dept of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State Univ. Logan UT USA
| | - Chengjin Chu
- Dept of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou Guangdong Province PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Inst. of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang Univ. Urumqi Xinjiang Province PR China
| | - Cynthia S. Brown
- Dept of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Zhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou Gansu Province PR China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou Gansu Province PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou Gansu Province PR China
| | - Guozhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou Gansu Province PR China
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Dept of Biology, Utrecht Univ. Utrecht the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Felton AJ, Shriver RK, Stemkovski M, Bradford JB, Suding KN, Adler PB. Climate disequilibrium dominates uncertainty in long-term projections of primary productivity. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2688-2698. [PMID: 36269682 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid climate change may exceed ecosystems' capacities to respond through processes including phenotypic plasticity, compositional turnover and evolutionary adaption. However, consequences of the resulting climate disequilibria for ecosystem functioning are rarely considered in projections of climate change impacts. Combining statistical models fit to historical climate data and remotely-sensed estimates of herbaceous net primary productivity with an ensemble of climate models, we demonstrate that assumptions concerning the magnitude of climate disequilibrium are a dominant source of uncertainty: models assuming maximum disequilibrium project widespread decreases in productivity in the western US by 2100, while models assuming minimal disequilibrium project productivity increases. Uncertainty related to climate disequilibrium is larger than uncertainties from variation among climate models or emissions pathways. A better understanding of processes that regulate climate disequilibria is essential for improving long-term projections of ecological responses and informing management to maintain ecosystem functioning at historical baselines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Felton
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.,Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Robert K Shriver
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - John B Bradford
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ellner SP, Adler PB, Childs DZ, Hooker G, Miller TEX, Rees M. A critical comparison of integral projection and matrix projection models for demographic analysis: Comment. Ecology 2022; 103:e3605. [PMID: 34897656 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Tom E X Miller
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Rees
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stears AE, Adler PB, Albeke SE, Atkins DH, Studyvin J, Laughlin DC. plantTracker
: An R package to translate maps of plant occurrence into demographic data. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Stears
- Botany Department and Program in Ecology Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | - Shannon E. Albeke
- Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - David H. Atkins
- Botany Department and Program in Ecology Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Jared Studyvin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University, Ithaca New York
| | - Robin E. Snyder
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and The Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Statistics and Data Science Cornell University, Ithaca New York
- Department of Statistics University of California Berkeley California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stears AE, Adler PB, Blumenthal DM, Kray JA, Mueller KE, Ocheltree TW, Wilcox KR, Laughlin DC. Water availability dictates how plant traits predict demographic rates. Ecology 2022; 103:e3799. [PMID: 35724968 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major goal in ecology is to make generalizable predictions of organism responses to environmental variation based on their traits. However, straightforward relationships between traits and fitness are rare and likely vary with environmental context. Characterizing how traits mediate demographic responses to the environment may enhance predictions of organism responses to global change. We synthesized 15 years of demographic data and species-level traits in a shortgrass steppe to determine whether the effects of leaf and root traits on growth and survival depend on seasonal water availability. We predicted that (1) species with drought-tolerant traits, such as lower leaf turgor loss point (TLP) and higher leaf and root dry matter content (LDMC and RDMC), would be more likely to survive and grow in drier years due to higher wilting resistance, (2) these traits would not predict fitness in wetter years, and (3) traits that more directly measure physiological mechanisms of water use such as TLP would best predict demographic responses. We found that graminoids with more negative TLP and higher LDMC and RDMC had higher survival rates in drier years. Forbs demonstrated similar yet more variable responses. Graminoids grew larger in wetter years, regardless of traits. However, in both wet and dry years, graminoids with more negative TLP and higher LDMC and RDMC grew larger than less negative TLP and low LDMC and RDMC species. Traits significantly mediated the impact of drought on survival, but not growth, suggesting survival could be a stronger driver of species' drought response in this system. TLP predicted survival in drier years, but easier-to-measure LDMC and RDMC were equal or better predictors. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which drought drives population dynamics, and show that abiotic context determines how traits drive fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Stears
- Botany Department and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | | | - Julie A Kray
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kevin E Mueller
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Troy W Ocheltree
- Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kevin R Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Botany Department and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carroll O, Batzer E, Bharath S, Borer ET, Campana S, Esch E, Hautier Y, Ohlert T, Seabloom EW, Adler PB, Bakker JD, Biederman L, Bugalho MN, Caldeira M, Chen Q, Davies KF, Fay PA, Knops JMH, Komatsu K, Martina JP, McCann KS, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Muraina TO, Osborne B, Risch AC, Stevens C, Wilfahrt PA, Yahdjian L, MacDougall AS. Nutrient identity modifies the destabilising effects of eutrophication in grasslands. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:754-765. [PMID: 34957674 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment can simultaneously increase and destabilise plant biomass production, with co-limitation by multiple nutrients potentially intensifying these effects. Here, we test how factorial additions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium with essential nutrients (K+) affect the stability (mean/standard deviation) of aboveground biomass in 34 grasslands over 7 years. Destabilisation with fertilisation was prevalent but was driven by single nutrients, not synergistic nutrient interactions. On average, N-based treatments increased mean biomass production by 21-51% but increased its standard deviation by 40-68% and so consistently reduced stability. Adding P increased interannual variability and reduced stability without altering mean biomass, while K+ had no general effects. Declines in stability were largest in the most nutrient-limited grasslands, or where nutrients reduced species richness or intensified species synchrony. We show that nutrients can differentially impact the stability of biomass production, with N and P in particular disproportionately increasing its interannual variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Carroll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Batzer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Siddharth Bharath
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sofía Campana
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ellen Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kendi F Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of health and Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kimberly Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason P Martina
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taofeek O Muraina
- Department of Animal Health & Production, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo-Ora, Nigeria
| | - Brooke Osborne
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Christensen E, James D, Maxwell CJ, Slaughter A, Adler PB, Havstad K, Bestelmeyer B. Quadrat-based monitoring of desert grassland vegetation at the Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico, 1915-2016. Ecology 2021; 102:e03530. [PMID: 34496064 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The data set covers a 101-yr period (1915-2016) of quadrat-based plant sampling at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. At each sampling event, a pantograph was used to record the location and perimeter of living plants within permanent quadrats. Basal area was recorded for perennial grass species, canopy cover area was recorded for shrub species, and all other perennial species were recorded as point data. The data set includes 122 1 × 1 m permanent quadrats, although not all quadrats were sampled in each year of the study and there is a gap in monitoring from 1980 to 1995. These data provide a unique opportunity to investigate changes in the plant community over 100 yr of variation in precipitation and other environmental conditions. We provide the following data and data formats: (1) the digitized maps in shapefile format; (2) a data table containing coordinates (x, y) of perennial species within quadrats, including cover area for grasses and shrubs; (3) a data table of counts of annual plant individuals per quadrat; (4) a species list indicating growth form and habit of recorded species; (5) a table of dates when each quadrat was sampled; (6) a table of the pasture each quadrat was located within (note that pasture boundaries have changed over time); (7) a table of depth to petrocalcic layer measurements taken at quadrat locations; (8) a table of particle size analysis of soil samples taken at quadrat locations; (9) a table of topographic characteristics of quadrat locations (e.g., concave or convex topography). Pantograph sampling is currently conducted at 5-yr intervals by USDA-ARS staff, and new data will be added periodically to the EDI Data Portal Repository (see section V.E.2). This information is released under the Creative Commons license-Attribution-CC BY and the consumer of these data is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Christensen
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA.,USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Darren James
- USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Connie J Maxwell
- USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Amalia Slaughter
- USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Kris Havstad
- USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Brandon Bestelmeyer
- USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Felton AJ, Shriver RK, Bradford JB, Suding KN, Allred BW, Adler PB. Biotic vs abiotic controls on temporal sensitivity of primary production to precipitation across North American drylands. New Phytol 2021; 231:2150-2161. [PMID: 34105783 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dryland net primary productivity (NPP) is sensitive to temporal variation in precipitation (PPT), but the magnitude of this 'temporal sensitivity' varies spatially. Hypotheses for spatial variation in temporal sensitivity have often emphasized abiotic factors, such as moisture limitation, while overlooking biotic factors, such as vegetation structure. We tested these hypotheses using spatiotemporal models fit to remote-sensing data sets to assess how vegetation structure and climate influence temporal sensitivity across five dryland ecoregions of the western USA. Temporal sensitivity was higher in locations and ecoregions dominated by herbaceous vegetation. By contrast, much less spatial variation in temporal sensitivity was explained by mean annual PPT. In fact, ecoregion-specific models showed inconsistent associations of sensitivity and PPT; whereas sensitivity decreased with increasing mean annual PPT in most ecoregions, it increased with mean annual PPT in the most arid ecoregion, the hot deserts. The strong, positive influence of herbaceous vegetation on temporal sensitivity indicates that herbaceous-dominated drylands will be particularly sensitive to future increases in precipitation variability and that dramatic changes in cover type caused by invasions or shrub encroachment will lead to changes in dryland NPP dynamics, perhaps independent of changes in precipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Felton
- Department of Wildland Resources and The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Robert K Shriver
- Department of Wildland Resources and The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - John B Bradford
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Brady W Allred
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seabloom EW, Batzer E, Chase JM, Stanley Harpole W, Adler PB, Bagchi S, Bakker JD, Barrio IC, Biederman L, Boughton EH, Bugalho MN, Caldeira MC, Catford JA, Daleo P, Eisenhauer N, Eskelinen A, Haider S, Hallett LM, Svala Jónsdóttir I, Kimmel K, Kuhlman M, MacDougall A, Molina CD, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Muthukrishnan R, Ohlert T, Risch AC, Roscher C, Schütz M, Sonnier G, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Wilfahrt PA, Borer ET. Species loss due to nutrient addition increases with spatial scale in global grasslands. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2100-2112. [PMID: 34240557 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of altered nutrient supplies and herbivore density on species diversity vary with spatial scale, because coexistence mechanisms are scale dependent. This scale dependence may alter the shape of the species-area relationship (SAR), which can be described by changes in species richness (S) as a power function of the sample area (A): S = cAz , where c and z are constants. We analysed the effects of experimental manipulations of nutrient supply and herbivore density on species richness across a range of scales (0.01-75 m2 ) at 30 grasslands in 10 countries. We found that nutrient addition reduced the number of species that could co-occur locally, indicated by the SAR intercepts (log c), but did not affect the SAR slopes (z). As a result, proportional species loss due to nutrient enrichment was largely unchanged across sampling scales, whereas total species loss increased over threefold across our range of sampling scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Evan Batzer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, USA
| | | | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP - CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin Kimmel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Cecilia D Molina
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tredennick AT, Hooker G, Ellner SP, Adler PB. A practical guide to selecting models for exploration, inference, and prediction in ecology. Ecology 2021; 102:e03336. [PMID: 33710619 PMCID: PMC8187274 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Selecting among competing statistical models is a core challenge in science. However, the many possible approaches and techniques for model selection, and the conflicting recommendations for their use, can be confusing. We contend that much confusion surrounding statistical model selection results from failing to first clearly specify the purpose of the analysis. We argue that there are three distinct goals for statistical modeling in ecology: data exploration, inference, and prediction. Once the modeling goal is clearly articulated, an appropriate model selection procedure is easier to identify. We review model selection approaches and highlight their strengths and weaknesses relative to each of the three modeling goals. We then present examples of modeling for exploration, inference, and prediction using a time series of butterfly population counts. These show how a model selection approach flows naturally from the modeling goal, leading to different models selected for different purposes, even with exactly the same data set. This review illustrates best practices for ecologists and should serve as a reminder that statistical recipes cannot substitute for critical thinking or for the use of independent data to test hypotheses and validate predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Tredennick
- Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., 1610 East Reynolds Street, Laramie, Wyoming, 82072, USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Stephen P Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hautier Y, Zhang P, Loreau M, Wilcox KR, Seabloom EW, Borer ET, Byrnes JEK, Koerner SE, Komatsu KJ, Lefcheck JS, Hector A, Adler PB, Alberti J, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Brudvig LA, Bugalho MN, Cadotte M, Caldeira MC, Carroll O, Crawley M, Collins SL, Daleo P, Dee LE, Eisenhauer N, Eskelinen A, Fay PA, Gilbert B, Hansar A, Isbell F, Knops JMH, MacDougall AS, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Mori AS, Peri PL, Pos ET, Power SA, Price JN, Reich PB, Risch AC, Roscher C, Sankaran M, Schütz M, Smith M, Stevens C, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Wardle GM, Wilfahrt PA, Wang S. Author Correction: General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales. Nat Commun 2021; 12:630. [PMID: 33479239 PMCID: PMC7820221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics of Shandong University, 266237, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Justice Hub for Research & Practice in Eco-Environmental Forensics, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Kevin R Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Andy Hector
- University of Oxford Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oliver Carroll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Mick Crawley
- Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Scott L Collins
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1560 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Amandine Hansar
- Centre de recherché en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Heatth and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong liverpool University, 214123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- University of Kentucky, Plant & Soil Science, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Pablo L Peri
- INTA (National Institute of Agricultural Research)- UNPA (Southern Patagonia National University)-CONICET, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Edwin T Pos
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jodi N Price
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- Ecology & Evolution Group, National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.,School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Melinda Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Av San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Seabloom EW, Adler PB, Alberti J, Biederman L, Buckley YM, Cadotte MW, Collins SL, Dee L, Fay PA, Firn J, Hagenah N, Harpole WS, Hautier Y, Hector A, Hobbie SE, Isbell F, Knops JMH, Komatsu KJ, Laungani R, MacDougall A, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Ohlert T, Prober SM, Risch AC, Schuetz M, Stevens CJ, Borer ET. Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time. Ecology 2021; 102:e03218. [PMID: 33058176 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient-induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5-11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient-induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short-term experiments may underestimate the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP-CONICET, FCEyN, CC1260, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lori Biederman
- Ecology, Evolution, & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 2200 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Laura Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80302, USA
| | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Laboratory, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, Texas, 76502, USA
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health & Environmental Sciences Department, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kimberly J Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - Ramesh Laungani
- Department of Biology, Doane University, 1014 Boswell Avenue, Crete, Nebraska, 68333, USA
| | - Andrew MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0312, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia, 6913, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lasky JR, Hooten MB, Adler PB. What processes must we understand to forecast regional-scale population dynamics? Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202219. [PMID: 33290672 PMCID: PMC7739927 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An urgent challenge facing biologists is predicting the regional-scale population dynamics of species facing environmental change. Biologists suggest that we must move beyond predictions based on phenomenological models and instead base predictions on underlying processes. For example, population biologists, evolutionary biologists, community ecologists and ecophysiologists all argue that the respective processes they study are essential. Must our models include processes from all of these fields? We argue that answering this critical question is ultimately an empirical exercise requiring a substantial amount of data that have not been integrated for any system to date. To motivate and facilitate the necessary data collection and integration, we first review the potential importance of each mechanism for skilful prediction. We then develop a conceptual framework based on reaction norms, and propose a hierarchical Bayesian statistical framework to integrate processes affecting reaction norms at different scales. The ambitious research programme we advocate is rapidly becoming feasible due to novel collaborations, datasets and analytical tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Lasky
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Risch AC, Zimmermann S, Moser B, Schütz M, Hagedorn F, Firn J, Fay PA, Adler PB, Biederman LA, Blair JM, Borer ET, Broadbent AAD, Brown CS, Cadotte MW, Caldeira MC, Davies KF, di Virgilio A, Eisenhauer N, Eskelinen A, Knops JMH, MacDougall AS, McCulley RL, Melbourne BA, Moore JL, Power SA, Prober SM, Seabloom EW, Siebert J, Silveira ML, Speziale KL, Stevens CJ, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Yahdjian L, Ochoa-Hueso R. Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:7173-7185. [PMID: 32786128 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) availability is critical for grassland functioning. However, human activities have increased the supply of biologically limiting nutrients, and changed the density and identity of mammalian herbivores. These anthropogenic changes may alter net soil N mineralization (soil net Nmin ), that is, the net balance between N mineralization and immobilization, which could severely impact grassland structure and functioning. Yet, to date, little is known about how fertilization and herbivore removal individually, or jointly, affect soil net Nmin across a wide range of grasslands that vary in soil and climatic properties. Here we collected data from 22 grasslands on five continents, all part of a globally replicated experiment, to assess how fertilization and herbivore removal affected potential (laboratory-based) and realized (field-based) soil net Nmin . Herbivore removal in the absence of fertilization did not alter potential and realized soil net Nmin . However, fertilization alone and in combination with herbivore removal consistently increased potential soil net Nmin. Realized soil net Nmin , in contrast, significantly decreased in fertilized plots where herbivores were removed. Treatment effects on potential and realized soil net Nmin were contingent on site-specific soil and climatic properties. Fertilization effects on potential soil net Nmin were larger at sites with higher mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature of the wettest quarter (T.q.wet). Reciprocally, realized soil net Nmin declined most strongly with fertilization and herbivore removal at sites with lower MAP and higher T.q.wet. In summary, our findings show that anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, herbivore exclusion and alterations in future climatic conditions can negatively impact soil net Nmin across global grasslands under realistic field conditions. This is an important context-dependent knowledge for grassland management worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Moser
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Firn
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Lori A Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - John M Blair
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Arthur A D Broadbent
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kendi F Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Augustina di Virgilio
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health & Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brett A Melbourne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Vic., Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria L Silveira
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - Karina L Speziale
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brice EM, Miller BA, Zhang H, Goldstein K, Zimmer SN, Grosklos GJ, Belmont P, Flint CG, Givens JE, Adler PB, Brunson MW, Smith JW. Impacts of climate change on multiple use management of Bureau of Land Management land in the Intermountain West, USA. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M. Brice
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Brett A. Miller
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Environment and Society Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Institute of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Kirsten Goldstein
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Environment and Society Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Scott N. Zimmer
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Guenchik J. Grosklos
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Patrick Belmont
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Watershed Sciences Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Courtney G. Flint
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Jennifer E. Givens
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Mark W. Brunson
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Environment and Society Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| | - Jordan W. Smith
- Climate Adaptation Science Program Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Department of Environment and Society Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
- Institute of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Utah State University Logan Utah84322USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Valencia E, de Bello F, Galland T, Adler PB, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, van Klink R, Carmona CP, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez-García D, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ogaya R, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pardo I, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Pywell RF, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skálová H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, Götzenberger L. Synchrony matters more than species richness in plant community stability at a global scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24345-24351. [PMID: 32900958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability of ecological communities is critical for the stable provisioning of ecosystem services, such as food and forage production, carbon sequestration, and soil fertility. Greater biodiversity is expected to enhance stability across years by decreasing synchrony among species, but the drivers of stability in nature remain poorly resolved. Our analysis of time series from 79 datasets across the world showed that stability was associated more strongly with the degree of synchrony among dominant species than with species richness. The relatively weak influence of species richness is consistent with theory predicting that the effect of richness on stability weakens when synchrony is higher than expected under random fluctuations, which was the case in most communities. Land management, nutrient addition, and climate change treatments had relatively weak and varying effects on stability, modifying how species richness, synchrony, and stability interact. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of biotic drivers on ecosystem stability, with the potential for environmental drivers to alter the intricate relationship among richness, synchrony, and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Spain;
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Galland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Research Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jiří Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Vegetation Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David J Eldridge
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Eric Garnier
- Center in Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE), Université Montpellier, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), École pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Research Institute for Development (IRD), Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Susan P Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo Ibáñez
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution & Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Kertész
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katja Klumpp
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Louault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rob H Marrs
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gábor Ónodi
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Iker Pardo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Global Change, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Richard F Pywell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, OX10 8BB, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution & Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hana Skálová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Smit
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 11103, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MingHua Song
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Stock
- Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, 25832, Tönning, Germany
| | - James Val
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
| | - Karsten Wesche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Botany Department, Senckenberg, Natural History Museum Goerlitz, 02826, Goerlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, 02763, Zittau, Germany
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 7640, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, OX10 8BB, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lars Götzenberger
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ellner SP, Snyder RE, Adler PB, Hooker G, Schreiber SJ. Technical Comment on Pande et al. (2020): Why invasion analysis is important for understanding coexistence. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1721-1724. [PMID: 32851766 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pande et al. (2020) point out that persistence time can decrease even as invader growth rates (IGRs) increase, which potentially undermines modern coexistence theory. However, because persistence time increases rapidly with system size only when IGR > 0, to understand how any real community persists, we should first identify the mechanisms producing positive IGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robin E Snyder
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian J Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and the Center of Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Firn J, McGree JM, Harvey E, Flores-Moreno H, Schütz M, Buckley YM, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, La Pierre KJ, MacDougall AM, Prober SM, Stevens CJ, Sullivan LL, Porter E, Ladouceur E, Allen C, Moromizato KH, Morgan JW, Harpole WS, Hautier Y, Eisenhauer N, Wright JP, Adler PB, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Biederman L, Broadbent AAD, Brown CS, Bugalho MN, Caldeira MC, Cleland EE, Ebeling A, Fay PA, Hagenah N, Kleinhesselink AR, Mitchell R, Moore JL, Nogueira C, Peri PL, Roscher C, Smith MD, Wragg PD, Risch AC. Author Correction: Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:886-891. [PMID: 32415288 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia.
| | - James M McGree
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric Harvey
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Habacuc Flores-Moreno
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Andrew M MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lauren L Sullivan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Erica Porter
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Ladouceur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Allen
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources/Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Arthur A D Broadbent
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa E Cleland
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip A Fay
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew R Kleinhesselink
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Mitchell
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla Nogueira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pablo Luis Peri
- Department of Forestry, Agriculture and Water, National University-INTA-CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Peter D Wragg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sitters J, Wubs ERJ, Bakker ES, Crowther TW, Adler PB, Bagchi S, Bakker JD, Biederman L, Borer ET, Cleland EE, Eisenhauer N, Firn J, Gherardi L, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Hobbie SE, Knops JMH, MacDougall AS, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Mortensen B, Peri PL, Prober SM, Riggs C, Risch AC, Schütz M, Seabloom EW, Siebert J, Stevens CJ, Veen GF(C. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:2060-2071. [PMID: 32012421 PMCID: PMC7155038 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sitters
- Department of Aquatic EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Ecology and BiodiversityDepartment BiologyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - E. R. Jasper Wubs
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Sustainable Agroecosystems GroupInstitute of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Integrative BiologyDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological SciencesIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Eology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Elsa E. Cleland
- Ecology, Behavior & Evolution SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Laureano Gherardi
- School of Life Sciences and Global Drylands CenterArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Mammal Research InstituteDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity GroupDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Eology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- Department of Health & Environmental ScienceXi’an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
| | | | | | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | | | - Pablo L. Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)Rio GallegosArgentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)‐CONICETRio GallegosArgentina
| | | | - Charlotte Riggs
- Department of Soil, Water, and ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Eology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | - G. F. (Ciska) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Risch AC, Zimmermann S, Ochoa-Hueso R, Schütz M, Frey B, Firn JL, Fay PA, Hagedorn F, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Harpole WS, Knops JMH, McCulley RL, Broadbent AAD, Stevens CJ, Silveira ML, Adler PB, Báez S, Biederman LA, Blair JM, Brown CS, Caldeira MC, Collins SL, Daleo P, di Virgilio A, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Esch E, Eskelinen A, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Kirkman KP, MacDougall AS, Moore JL, Power SA, Prober SM, Roscher C, Sankaran M, Siebert J, Speziale KL, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Yahdjian L, Moser B. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4981. [PMID: 31672992 PMCID: PMC6823350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil nitrogen mineralisation (Nmin), the conversion of organic into inorganic N, is important for productivity and nutrient cycling. The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net Nmin) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net Nmin are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net Nmin across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised Nmin is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential Nmin only weakly correlates with realised Nmin, but contributes to explain realised net Nmin when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net Nmin and show that potential soil net Nmin data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised Nmin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - S Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - R Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - B Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - J L Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - P A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - F Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - E T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - E W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - W S Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - J M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, 211A Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - R L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - A A D Broadbent
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - C J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M L Silveira
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865, USA
| | - P B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, UT, 84103, USA
| | - S Báez
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, Ladrón de Guevera E11-253 y Andalucía, Quito, Ecuador
| | - L A Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - J M Blair
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - C S Brown
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M C Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - P Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A di Virgilio
- INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación (GrInBiC) Laboratorio Ecotono, Quintral, 1250, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - N Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Esch
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A Eskelinen
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - N Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Y Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K P Kirkman
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - A S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - J L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Claytion, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - S A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - S M Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia
| | - C Roscher
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - M Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, 560065, India
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K L Speziale
- INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación (GrInBiC) Laboratorio Ecotono, Quintral, 1250, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P M Tognetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Virtanen
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Yahdjian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Moser
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
James JJ, Sheley RL, Leger EA, Adler PB, Hardegree SP, Gornish ES, Rinella MJ. Increased soil temperature and decreased precipitation during early life stages constrain grass seedling recruitment in cold desert restoration. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. James
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Browns Valley CA USA
| | | | | | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Smull DM, Pendleton N, Kleinhesselink AR, Adler PB. Climate change, snow mold and the Bromus tectorum invasion: mixed evidence for release from cold weather pathogens. AoB Plants 2019; 11:plz043. [PMID: 31559006 PMCID: PMC6756605 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is reducing the depth and duration of winter snowpack, leading to dramatic changes in the soil environment with potentially important ecological consequences. Previous experiments in the Intermountain West of North America indicated that loss of snowpack increases survival and population growth rates of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that reduced snowpack might promote B. tectorum population growth by decreasing damage from snow molds, a group of subnivean fungal pathogens. To test this hypothesis, we conducted greenhouse and field experiments to investigate the interaction between early snowmelt and either fungicide addition or snow mold infection of B. tectorum. The greenhouse experiment confirmed that the snow mold Microdochium nivale can cause mortality of B. tectorum seedlings. In the field experiment, early snowmelt and fungicide application both increased B. tectorum survival, but their effects did not interact, and snow mold inoculation had no effect on survival. We did find interactive effects of snowmelt and fungal treatments on B. tectorum seed production: with ambient snowpack, M. nivale inoculation reduced seed production and fungicide increased it, whereas in the early snowmelt treatment seed production was high regardless of fungal treatment. However, treatment effects on seed production did not translate directly to overall population growth, which did not respond to the snow melt by fungal treatment interaction. Based on our mixed results, the hypothesis that reduced snowpack may increase B. tectorum fitness by limiting the effects of plant pathogens deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Smull
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Nicole Pendleton
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Andrew R Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Crowther TW, Riggs C, Lind EM, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Hobbie SE, Wubs J, Adler PB, Firn J, Gherardi L, Hagenah N, Hofmockel KS, Knops JMH, McCulley RL, MacDougall AS, Peri PL, Prober SM, Stevens CJ, Routh D. Sensitivity of global soil carbon stocks to combined nutrient enrichment. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:936-945. [PMID: 30884085 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soil stores approximately twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and fluctuations in the size of the soil carbon pool directly influence climate conditions. We used the Nutrient Network global change experiment to examine how anthropogenic nutrient enrichment might influence grassland soil carbon storage at a global scale. In isolation, enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorous had minimal impacts on soil carbon storage. However, when these nutrients were added in combination with potassium and micronutrients, soil carbon stocks changed considerably, with an average increase of 0.04 KgCm-2 year-1 (standard deviation 0.18 KgCm-2 year-1 ). These effects did not correlate with changes in primary productivity, suggesting that soil carbon decomposition may have been restricted. Although nutrient enrichment caused soil carbon gains most dry, sandy regions, considerable absolute losses of soil carbon may occur in high-latitude regions that store the majority of the world's soil carbon. These mechanistic insights into the sensitivity of grassland carbon stocks to nutrient enrichment can facilitate biochemical modelling efforts to project carbon cycling under future climate scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Univeritätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Riggs
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave. St, Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - E M Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave. St, Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - E T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave. St, Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - E W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave. St, Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - S E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave. St, Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - J Wubs
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - P B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - J Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane Queensland, 40000, Australia
| | - L Gherardi
- School of Life Sciences and Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Temple, USA
| | - N Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K S Hofmockel
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - J M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - R L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - A S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - P L Peri
- Department of Forestry, Agriculture and Water, National University-INTA-CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina
| | - S M Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia, 6913
| | - C J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - D Routh
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Univeritätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barnett DT, Adler PB, Chemel BR, Duffy PA, Enquist BJ, Grace JB, Harrison S, Peet RK, Schimel DS, Stohlgren TJ, Vellend M. The plant diversity sampling design for The National Ecological Observatory Network. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Barnett
- Battelle Memorial Institute 1685 38th Street Suite 100 Boulder Colorado 80301 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Benjamin R. Chemel
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative 185 Center Street Jackson Wyoming 83001 USA
| | - Paul A. Duffy
- Neptune and Company Inc. 1435 Garrison Street Suite 100 Lakewood Colorado 80215 USA
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona PO Box 210088, 1041 E Lowell Street Tucson Arizona 85721 USA
| | - James B. Grace
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center 700 Cajundome Boulevard Lafayette Louisiana 70506 USA
| | - Susan Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Robert K. Peet
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599‐3280 USA
| | - David S. Schimel
- NASA Jet Propulsion Lab 4800 Grove Drive Pasadena California 91109 USA
| | - Thomas J. Stohlgren
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523‐1499 USA
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ellner SP, Snyder RE, Adler PB, Hooker G. An expanded modern coexistence theory for empirical applications. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:3-18. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Robin E. Snyder
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tredennick AT, de Mazancourt C, Loreau M, Adler PB. Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine synchrony of dominant species in semiarid grasslands. Ecology 2018; 98:971-981. [PMID: 28144939 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Temporal asynchrony among species helps diversity to stabilize ecosystem functioning, but identifying the mechanisms that determine synchrony remains a challenge. Here, we refine and test theory showing that synchrony depends on three factors: species responses to environmental variation, interspecific interactions, and demographic stochasticity. We then conduct simulation experiments with empirical population models to quantify the relative influence of these factors on the synchrony of dominant species in five semiarid grasslands. We found that the average synchrony of per capita growth rates, which can range from 0 (perfect asynchrony) to 1 (perfect synchrony), was higher when environmental variation was present (0.62) rather than absent (0.43). Removing interspecific interactions and demographic stochasticity had small effects on synchrony. For the dominant species in these plant communities, where species interactions and demographic stochasticity have little influence, synchrony reflects the covariance in species' responses to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Claire de Mazancourt
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tredennick AT, Teller B, Adler PB, Hooker G, Ellner SP. Size‐by‐environment interactions: a neglected dimension of species' responses to environmental variation. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1757-1770. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Brittany J. Teller
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hodapp D, Borer ET, Harpole WS, Lind EM, Seabloom EW, Adler PB, Alberti J, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Biederman L, Cadotte M, Cleland EE, Collins S, Fay PA, Firn J, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Iribarne O, Knops JMH, McCulley RL, MacDougall A, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Mortensen B, La Pierre KJ, Risch AC, Schütz M, Peri P, Stevens CJ, Wright J, Hillebrand H. Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1364-1371. [PMID: 29952114 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typically quantify biotic responses at single spatial (time series within a single plot) or temporal (spatial beta diversity at single time points) scales, ignoring their potential interdependence. Here, we use data from a global network of grassland experiments to determine how turnover responses to two major forms of environmental change - fertilisation and herbivore loss - are affected by species pool size and spatial compositional heterogeneity. Fertilisation led to higher rates of local extinction, whereas turnover in herbivore exclusion plots was driven by species replacement. Overall, sites with more spatially heterogeneous composition showed significantly higher rates of annual turnover, independent of species pool size and treatment. Taking into account spatial biodiversity aspects will therefore improve our understanding of consequences of global and anthropogenic change on community dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Hodapp
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstr. 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eric M Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC; UNMDP-CONICET), CC 1260, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Elsa E Cleland
- Ecology Behavior & Evolution Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Scott Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Lab, 808 E. Blackland Road, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Iribarne
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
| | - Andrew MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brent Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Benedictine College, 1020 North 2nd Street, Atchison, KS, 66002, USA
| | - Kimberly J La Pierre
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21307, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Peri
- Department of Forestry, Agriculture and Water, Southern Patagonia National University-INTA-CONICET, CC 332 (CP 9400), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstr. 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.,Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Adler PB, Smull D, Beard KH, Choi RT, Furniss T, Kulmatiski A, Meiners JM, Tredennick AT, Veblen KE. Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1319-1329. [PMID: 29938882 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that intraspecific competition should be stronger than interspecific competition for any pair of stably coexisting species, yet previous literature reviews found little support for this pattern. We screened over 5400 publications and identified 39 studies that quantified phenomenological intraspecific and interspecific interactions in terrestrial plant communities. Of the 67% of species pairs in which both intra- and interspecific effects were negative (competitive), intraspecific competition was, on average, four to five-fold stronger than interspecific competition. Of the remaining pairs, 93% featured intraspecific competition and interspecific facilitation, a situation that stabilises coexistence. The difference between intra- and interspecific effects tended to be larger in observational than experimental data sets, in field than greenhouse studies, and in studies that quantified population growth over the full life cycle rather than single fitness components. Our results imply that processes promoting stable coexistence at local scales are common and consequential across terrestrial plant communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Danielle Smull
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Karen H Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Ryan T Choi
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Tucker Furniss
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Joan M Meiners
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Andrew T Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kari E Veblen
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Adler PB, Kleinhesselink A, Hooker G, Taylor JB, Teller B, Ellner SP. Weak interspecific interactions in a sagebrush steppe? Conflicting evidence from observations and experiments. Ecology 2018; 99:1621-1632. [PMID: 29705994 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable coexistence requires intraspecific limitations to be stronger than interspecific limitations. The greater the difference between intra- and interspecific limitations, the more stable the coexistence, and the weaker the competitive release any species should experience following removal of competitors. We conducted a removal experiment to test whether a previously estimated model, showing surprisingly weak interspecific competition for four dominant species in a sagebrush steppe, accurately predicts competitive release. Our treatments were (1) removal of all perennial grasses and (2) removal of the dominant shrub, Artemisia tripartita. We regressed survival, growth, and recruitment on the locations, sizes, and species identities of neighboring plants, along with an indicator variable for removal treatment. If our "baseline" regression model, which accounts for local plant-plant interactions, accurately explains the observed responses to removals, then the removal coefficient should be non-significant. For survival, the removal coefficients were never significantly different from zero, and only A. tripartita showed a (negative) response to removals at the recruitment stage. For growth, the removal treatment effect was significant and positive for two species, Poa secunda and Pseudoroegneria spicata, indicating that the baseline model underestimated interspecific competition. For all three grass species, population models based on the vital rate regressions that included removal effects projected 1.4- to 3-fold increases in equilibrium population size relative to the baseline model (no removal effects). However, we found no evidence of higher response to removal in quadrats with higher pretreatment cover of A. tripartita, or by plants experiencing higher pre-treatment crowding by A. tripartita, raising questions about the mechanisms driving the positive response to removal. While our results show the value of combining observations with a simple removal experiment, more tightly controlled experiments focused on underlying mechanisms may be required to conclusively validate or reject predictions from phenomenological models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Giles Hooker
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, 1198 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joshua B Taylor
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, 19 Office Loop, Dubois, Idaho, USA
| | - Brittany Teller
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Stephen P Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kleinhesselink AR, Adler PB. The response of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) to interannual climate variation changes across its range. Ecology 2018; 99:1139-1149. [PMID: 29624667 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how annual climate variation affects population growth rates across a species' range may help us anticipate the effects of climate change on species distribution and abundance. We predict that populations in warmer or wetter parts of a species' range should respond negatively to periods of above average temperature or precipitation, respectively, whereas populations in colder or drier areas should respond positively to periods of above average temperature or precipitation. To test this, we estimated the population sensitivity of a common shrub species, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), to annual climate variation across its range. Our analysis includes 8,175 observations of year-to-year change in sagebrush cover or production from 131 monitoring sites in western North America. We coupled these observations with seasonal weather data for each site and analyzed the effects of spring through fall temperatures and fall through spring accumulated precipitation on annual changes in sagebrush abundance. Sensitivity to annual temperature variation supported our hypothesis: years with above average temperatures were beneficial to sagebrush in colder locations and detrimental to sagebrush in hotter locations. In contrast, sensitivity to precipitation did not change significantly across the distribution of sagebrush. This pattern of responses suggests that regional abundance of this species may be more limited by temperature than by precipitation. We also found important differences in how the ecologically distinct subspecies of sagebrush responded to the effects of precipitation and temperature. Our model predicts that a short-term temperature increase could produce an increase in sagebrush cover at the cold edge of its range and a decrease in cover at the warm edge of its range. This prediction is qualitatively consistent with predictions from species distribution models for sagebrush based on spatial occurrence data, but it provides new mechanistic insight and helps estimate how much and how fast sagebrush cover may change within its range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Anderson TM, Griffith DM, Grace JB, Lind EM, Adler PB, Biederman LA, Blumenthal DM, Daleo P, Firn J, Hagenah N, Harpole WS, MacDougall AS, McCulley RL, Prober SM, Risch AC, Sankaran M, Schütz M, Seabloom EW, Stevens CJ, Sullivan LL, Wragg PD, Borer ET. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient. Ecology 2018; 99:822-831. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Michael Anderson
- Department of Biology Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem North Carolina 27109 USA
| | - Daniel M. Griffith
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97333 USA
| | - James B. Grace
- US Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center 700 Cajundome Blvd Lafayette Louisiana 70506 USA
| | - Eric M. Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Lori A. Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Dana M. Blumenthal
- USDA‐ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Jennifer Firn
- School of Earth, Environment and Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville South Africa
| | - W. Stanley Harpole
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ Department of Physiological Diversity Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg am Kirchtor 1 Halle (Saale) 06108 Germany
| | - Andrew S. MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Rebecca L. McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Suzanne M. Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water Private Bag 5 Wembley Western Australia 6913 Australia
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology Birmensdorf 8903 Switzerland
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- Centre for Biological Sciences TIFR Bangalore 560065 India
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology Birmensdorf 8903 Switzerland
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Carly J. Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Lauren L. Sullivan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Peter D. Wragg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tredennick AT, Kleinhesselink AR, Taylor JB, Adler PB. Ecosystem functional response across precipitation extremes in a sagebrush steppe. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4485. [PMID: 29576958 PMCID: PMC5855887 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precipitation is predicted to become more variable in the western United States, meaning years of above and below average precipitation will become more common. Periods of extreme precipitation are major drivers of interannual variability in ecosystem functioning in water limited communities, but how ecosystems respond to these extremes over the long-term may shift with precipitation means and variances. Long-term changes in ecosystem functional response could reflect compensatory changes in species composition or species reaching physiological thresholds at extreme precipitation levels. Methods We conducted a five year precipitation manipulation experiment in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem in Idaho, United States. We used drought and irrigation treatments (approximately 50% decrease/increase) to investigate whether ecosystem functional response remains consistent under sustained high or low precipitation. We recorded data on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species abundance, and soil moisture. We fit a generalized linear mixed effects model to determine if the relationship between ANPP and soil moisture differed among treatments. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling to quantify community composition over the five years. Results Ecosystem functional response, defined as the relationship between soil moisture and ANPP, was similar among irrigation and control treatments, but the drought treatment had a greater slope than the control treatment. However, all estimates for the effect of soil moisture on ANPP overlapped zero, indicating the relationship is weak and uncertain regardless of treatment. There was also large spatial variation in ANPP within-years, which contributes to the uncertainty of the soil moisture effect. Plant community composition was remarkably stable over the course of the experiment and did not differ among treatments. Discussion Despite some evidence that ecosystem functional response became more sensitive under sustained drought conditions, the response of ANPP to soil moisture was consistently weak and community composition was stable. The similarity of ecosystem functional responses across treatments was not related to compensatory shifts at the plant community level, but instead may reflect the insensitivity of the dominant species to soil moisture. These species may be successful precisely because they have evolved life history strategies that buffer them against precipitation variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America
| | - Andrew R Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - J Bret Taylor
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID, United States of America
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Carlson LG, Beard KH, Adler PB. Direct effects of warming increase woody plant abundance in a subarctic wetland. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2868-2879. [PMID: 29531701 PMCID: PMC5838087 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the direct effects of warming on a species' vital rates and indirect effects of warming caused by interactions with neighboring species can influence plant populations. Furthermore, herbivory mediates the effects of warming on plant community composition in many systems. Thus, determining the importance of direct and indirect effects of warming, while considering the role of herbivory, can help predict long-term plant community dynamics. We conducted a field experiment in the coastal wetlands of western Alaska to investigate how warming and herbivory influence the interactions and abundances of two common plant species, a sedge, Carex ramenskii, and a dwarf shrub, Salix ovalifolia. We used results from the experiment to model the equilibrium abundances of the species under different warming and grazing scenarios and to determine the contribution of direct and indirect effects to predict population changes. Consistent with the current composition of the landscape, model predictions suggest that Carex is more abundant than Salix under ambient temperatures with grazing (53% and 27% cover, respectively). However, with warming and grazing, Salix becomes more abundant than Carex (57% and 41% cover, respectively), reflecting both a negative response of Carex and a positive response of Salix to warming. While grazing reduced the cover of both species, herbivory did not prevent a shift in dominance from sedges to the dwarf shrub. Direct effects of climate change explained about 97% of the total predicted change in species cover, whereas indirect effects explained only 3% of the predicted change. Thus, indirect effects, mediated by interactions between Carex and Salix, were negligible, likely due to use of different niches and weak interspecific interactions. Results suggest that a 2°C increase could cause a shift in dominance from sedges to woody plants on the coast of western Alaska over decadal timescales, and this shift was largely a result of the direct effects of warming. Models predict this shift with or without goose herbivory. Our results are consistent with other studies showing an increase in woody plant abundance in the Arctic and suggest that shifts in plant-plant interactions are not driving this change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay G. Carlson
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Karen H. Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Laughlin DC, Strahan RT, Adler PB, Moore MM. Survival rates indicate that correlations between community‐weighted mean traits and environments can be unreliable estimates of the adaptive value of traits. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:411-421. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Laughlin
- Department of Botany University of Wyoming 1000 E. University Ave. Laramie WY82071 USA
| | - Robert T. Strahan
- Southern Oregon University Biology and Environmental Science and Policy Programs 1250 Siskiyou Boulevard Ashland OR97520 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT84322 USA
| | - Margaret M. Moore
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ86011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Renwick KM, Curtis C, Kleinhesselink AR, Schlaepfer D, Bradley BA, Aldridge CL, Poulter B, Adler PB. Multi-model comparison highlights consistency in predicted effect of warming on a semi-arid shrub. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:424-438. [PMID: 28895271 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of modeling approaches have been developed to predict the impacts of climate change on species distributions, performance, and abundance. The stronger the agreement from models that represent different processes and are based on distinct and independent sources of information, the greater the confidence we can have in their predictions. Evaluating the level of confidence is particularly important when predictions are used to guide conservation or restoration decisions. We used a multi-model approach to predict climate change impacts on big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), the dominant plant species on roughly 43 million hectares in the western United States and a key resource for many endemic wildlife species. To evaluate the climate sensitivity of A. tridentata, we developed four predictive models, two based on empirically derived spatial and temporal relationships, and two that applied mechanistic approaches to simulate sagebrush recruitment and growth. This approach enabled us to produce an aggregate index of climate change vulnerability and uncertainty based on the level of agreement between models. Despite large differences in model structure, predictions of sagebrush response to climate change were largely consistent. Performance, as measured by change in cover, growth, or recruitment, was predicted to decrease at the warmest sites, but increase throughout the cooler portions of sagebrush's range. A sensitivity analysis indicated that sagebrush performance responds more strongly to changes in temperature than precipitation. Most of the uncertainty in model predictions reflected variation among the ecological models, raising questions about the reliability of forecasts based on a single modeling approach. Our results highlight the value of a multi-model approach in forecasting climate change impacts and uncertainties and should help land managers to maximize the value of conservation investments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Curtis
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Daniel Schlaepfer
- Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bethany A Bradley
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Cameron L Aldridge
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Natural Resource Ecology Lab, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Biosphere, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory (Code 618), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hautier Y, Isbell F, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Harpole WS, Lind EM, MacDougall AS, Stevens CJ, Adler PB, Alberti J, Bakker JD, Brudvig LA, Buckley YM, Cadotte M, Caldeira MC, Chaneton EJ, Chu C, Daleo P, Dickman CR, Dwyer JM, Eskelinen A, Fay PA, Firn J, Hagenah N, Hillebrand H, Iribarne O, Kirkman KP, Knops JMH, La Pierre KJ, McCulley RL, Morgan JW, Pärtel M, Pascual J, Price JN, Prober SM, Risch AC, Sankaran M, Schuetz M, Standish RJ, Virtanen R, Wardle GM, Yahdjian L, Hector A. Local loss and spatial homogenization of plant diversity reduce ecosystem multifunctionality. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:50-56. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
Harpole WS, Sullivan LL, Lind EM, Firn J, Adler PB, Borer ET, Chase J, Fay PA, Hautier Y, Hillebrand H, MacDougall AS, Seabloom EW, Bakker JD, Cadotte MW, Chaneton EJ, Chu C, Hagenah N, Kirkman K, La Pierre KJ, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Prober SM, Risch AC, Schuetz M, Stevens CJ. Out of the shadows: multiple nutrient limitations drive relationships among biomass, light and plant diversity. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 Halle (Saale) 06108 Germany
| | - Lauren L. Sullivan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Eric M. Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Jennifer Firn
- School of Earth, Environmental and Bio‐logical Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Jonathan Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 Halle (Saale) 06108 Germany
| | - Philip A. Fay
- USDA‐ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab Temple TX 76502 USA
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group Department of Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 8 Utrecht CH 3584 The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment University of Oldenburg Schleusenstrasse 1 Wilhelmshaven D‐26381 Germany
| | | | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto – Scarborough 1265 Military trail Toronto ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Enrique J. Chaneton
- IFEVA/CONICET – Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente. Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Chengjin Chu
- SYSU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Conservation State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - Kevin Kirkman
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - Kimberly J. La Pierre
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 647 Contees Wharf Rd Edgewater MD 21037 USA
| | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - John W. Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. 3086 Australia
| | | | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology Birmensdorf 8903 Switzerland
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology Birmensdorf 8903 Switzerland
| | - Carly J. Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tredennick AT, Adler PB, Adler FR. The relationship between species richness and ecosystem variability is shaped by the mechanism of coexistence. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:958-968. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT84322USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT84322USA
| | - Frederick R. Adler
- Departments of Biology and Mathematics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT84112 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gallien L, Zimmermann NE, Levine JM, Adler PB. The effects of intransitive competition on coexistence. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:791-800. [PMID: 28547799 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coexistence theory has been developed with an almost exclusive focus on interactions between two species, often ignoring more complex and indirect interactions, such as intransitive loops, that can emerge in competition networks. In fact, intransitive competition has typically been studied in isolation from other pairwise stabilising processes, and thus little is known about how intransitivity interacts with more traditional drivers of species coexistence such as niche partitioning. To integrate intransitivity into traditional coexistence theory, we developed a metric of growth rate when rare, Δri¯, to identify and quantify the impact of intransitive competition against a backdrop of pairwise stabilising niche differences. Using this index with simulations of community dynamics, we demonstrate that intransitive loops can both stabilise or destabilise species coexistence, but the strength and importance of intransitive interactions are significantly affected by the length and the topology of these loops. We conclude by showing how Δri¯ can be used to evaluate effects of intransitivity in empirical studies. Our results emphasise the need to integrate complex mechanisms emerging from diverse interactions into our understanding of species coexistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gallien
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.,Deparment of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Jonathan M Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kulmatiski A, Adler PB, Stark JM, Tredennick AT. Water and nitrogen uptake are better associated with resource availability than root biomass. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - John M. Stark
- Department of Biology Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Andrew T. Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tredennick AT, Hooten MB, Aldridge CL, Homer CG, Kleinhesselink AR, Adler PB. Forecasting climate change impacts on plant populations over large spatial extents. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Tredennick
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
- Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Cameron L. Aldridge
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Collin G. Homer
- U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Sioux Falls South Dakota 57198 USA
| | - Andrew R. Kleinhesselink
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University 5230 Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322 USA
| |
Collapse
|