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Conti L, Valencia E, Galland T, Götzenberger L, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, Carmona CP, Májeková M, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez D, Hadincová V, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Krahulec F, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skalova H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, de Bello F. Functional trait trade-offs define plant population stability across different biomes. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230344. [PMID: 37357858 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory posits that temporal stability patterns in plant populations are associated with differences in species' ecological strategies. However, empirical evidence is lacking about which traits, or trade-offs, underlie species stability, especially across different biomes. We compiled a worldwide collection of long-term permanent vegetation records (greater than 7000 plots from 78 datasets) from a large range of habitats which we combined with existing trait databases. We tested whether the observed inter-annual variability in species abundance (coefficient of variation) was related to multiple individual traits. We found that populations with greater leaf dry matter content and seed mass were more stable over time. Despite the variability explained by these traits being low, their effect was consistent across different datasets. Other traits played a significant, albeit weaker, role in species stability, and the inclusion of multi-variate axes or phylogeny did not substantially modify nor improve predictions. These results provide empirical evidence and highlight the relevance of specific ecological trade-offs, i.e. in different resource-use and dispersal strategies, for plant populations stability across multiple biomes. Further research is, however, necessary to integrate and evaluate the role of other specific traits, often not available in databases, and intraspecific trait variability in modulating species stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Conti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departament of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Galland
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Götzenberger
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Májeková
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jiří Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2033 Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Gómez
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), 22700 Jaca-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Věra Hadincová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Susan P Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12801 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo Ibáñez
- Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (BEE) of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Kertész
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katja Klumpp
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - František Krahulec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Frédérique Louault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Rob H Marrs
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Gábor Ónodi
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Global Change, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077 Germany
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (BEE) of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hana Skalova
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Smit
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MingHua Song
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100107 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Stock
- Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, 25832 Tönning, Germany
| | - James Val
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2033 Sydney, Australia
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA
| | - Karsten Wesche
- Botany Department, Senckenberg, Natural History Museum Goerlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 03583 Germany
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, 100400, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology and Clone Ecology / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000 Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Šmilauer P, Košnar J, Kotilínek M, Pecháčková S, Šmilauerová M. Host age and surrounding vegetation affect the community and colonization rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate grassland. New Phytol 2021; 232:290-302. [PMID: 34115391 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbionts for the majority of terrestrial vascular plants, yet the drivers of the compositional variation in AMF communities need to be better understood. What effects does the ontogenetic stage of host plants have and do these effects differ between plant functional groups? Are the AMF communities modified by the properties of surrounding vegetation, such as the proportion of different functional groups or nonmycorrhizal plants ? We addressed these questions in a temperate grassland and studied AMF communities using next-generation sequencing and light microscopy, evaluating their composition, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, functional traits and root colonization levels. We found important differences between AMF communities and their diversity between seedlings and adults which are larger than the differences among host species or between functional groups. The proportion of nonmycorrhizal plants in the surrounding affected AMF community composition and increased its richness. Our results highlight the need for further investigating the existence of a common mycelial networks. The decision to use seedlings for experimental work can affect the results more than the chosen host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pecháčková
- The West Bohemian Museum, Kopeckého Sady 2, Plzeň, 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
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3
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Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Kotilínek M, Košnar J. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of forbs and C3 grasses respond differently to cultivation and elevated nutrients. Mycorrhiza 2021; 31:455-470. [PMID: 34050407 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent important players in the structure and function of many ecosystems. Yet, we learn about their roles mostly from greenhouse-based experiments, with results subjected to cultivation bias. This study explores multiple aspects of this bias and separates the effect of increased nutrient availability from other cultivation specifics. For 15 grassland plant species from two functional groups (C3 grasses vs dicotyledonous forbs), we compared AMF communities of adults collected from non-manipulated vegetation with those in plants grown in a greenhouse. Nutrient availability was comparable to field conditions or experimentally elevated. We evaluated changes in AMF community composition, diversity, root colonisation, and the averages of functional traits characterising hyphal soil exploration. Additionally, we use the data from the greenhouse experiment to propose a new plant functional trait-the change of AMF colonisation in response to nutrient surplus. The AMF community differed profoundly between field-collected and greenhouse-grown plants, with a larger change of its composition in grass species, and AMF community composition in grasses also responded more to fertilisation than in forbs. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity declined more in forbs under cultivation (particularly with elevated nutrients), because in their roots, the AMF taxa from families other than Glomeraceae largely disappeared. A decline in AMF colonisation was not caused by greenhouse cultivation itself but selectively by the elevation of nutrient availability, particularly in grass host species. We demonstrate that the extent of decrease in AMF colonisation with elevated nutrients is a useful plant functional trait explaining an observed response of the plant community to manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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4
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Valencia E, de Bello F, Galland T, Adler PB, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, van Klink R, Carmona CP, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez-García D, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ogaya R, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pardo I, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Pywell RF, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skálová H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, Götzenberger L. Synchrony matters more than species richness in plant community stability at a global scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24345-24351. [PMID: 32900958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability of ecological communities is critical for the stable provisioning of ecosystem services, such as food and forage production, carbon sequestration, and soil fertility. Greater biodiversity is expected to enhance stability across years by decreasing synchrony among species, but the drivers of stability in nature remain poorly resolved. Our analysis of time series from 79 datasets across the world showed that stability was associated more strongly with the degree of synchrony among dominant species than with species richness. The relatively weak influence of species richness is consistent with theory predicting that the effect of richness on stability weakens when synchrony is higher than expected under random fluctuations, which was the case in most communities. Land management, nutrient addition, and climate change treatments had relatively weak and varying effects on stability, modifying how species richness, synchrony, and stability interact. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of biotic drivers on ecosystem stability, with the potential for environmental drivers to alter the intricate relationship among richness, synchrony, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933, Móstoles, Spain;
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Galland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Research Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jiří Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Vegetation Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David J Eldridge
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Eric Garnier
- Center in Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE), Université Montpellier, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), École pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Research Institute for Development (IRD), Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Susan P Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo Ibáñez
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution & Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Kertész
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katja Klumpp
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Louault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rob H Marrs
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gábor Ónodi
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Iker Pardo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Global Change, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish National Research Center (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Richard F Pywell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, OX10 8BB, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Research Unit Biodiversity, Evolution & Ecology of Plants, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hana Skálová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Smit
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, 11103, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MingHua Song
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Stock
- Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, 25832, Tönning, Germany
| | - James Val
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
| | - Karsten Wesche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Botany Department, Senckenberg, Natural History Museum Goerlitz, 02826, Goerlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, 02763, Zittau, Germany
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 7640, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, OX10 8BB, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lars Götzenberger
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Kotilínek M, Košnar J. Foraging speed and precision of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions: An experimental approach. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1574-1587. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
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6
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Šmilauer P, Košnar J, Kotilínek M, Šmilauerová M. Contrasting effects of host identity, plant community, and local species pool on the composition and colonization levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate grassland. New Phytol 2020; 225:461-473. [PMID: 31408907 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) are important plant symbionts, but we know little about the effects of plant taxonomic identity or functional group on the AMF community composition. To examine the effects of the surrounding plant community, of the host, and of the AMF pool on the AMF community in plant roots, we manipulated plant community composition in a long-term field experiment. Within four types of manipulated grassland plots, seedlings of eight grassland plant species were planted for 12 wk, and AMFs in their roots were quantified. Additionally, we characterized the AMF community of individual plots (as their AMF pool) and quantified plot abiotic conditions. The largest determinant of AMF community composition was the pool of available AMFs, varying at metre scale due to changing soil conditions. The second strongest predictor was the host functional group. The differences between grasses and dicotyledonous forbs in AMF community variation and diversity were much larger than the differences among species within those groups. High cover of forbs in the surrounding plant community had a strong positive effect on AMF colonization intensity in grass hosts. Using a manipulative field experiment enabled us to demonstrate direct causal effects of plant host and surrounding vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Kotilínek M, Hiiesalu I, Košnar J, Šmilauerová M, Šmilauer P, Altman J, Dvorský M, Kopecký M, Doležal J. Fungal root symbionts of high-altitude vascular plants in the Himalayas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6562. [PMID: 28747779 PMCID: PMC5529584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) form symbiotic relationships with plants influencing their productivity, diversity and ecosystem functions. Only a few studies on these fungi, however, have been conducted in extreme elevations and none over 5500 m a.s.l., although vascular plants occur up to 6150 m a.s.l. in the Himalayas. We quantified AMF and DSE in roots of 62 plant species from contrasting habitats along an elevational gradient (3400-6150 m) in the Himalayas using a combination of optical microscopy and next generation sequencing. We linked AMF and DSE communities with host plant evolutionary history, ecological preferences (elevation and habitat type) and functional traits. We detected AMF in elevations up to 5800 m, indicating it is more constrained by extreme conditions than the host plants, which ascend up to 6150 m. In contrast, DSE were found across the entire gradient up to 6150 m. AMF diversity was unimodally related to elevation and positively related to the intensity of AMF colonization. Mid-elevation steppe and alpine plants hosted more diverse AMF communities than plants from deserts and the subnival zone. Our results bring novel insights to the abiotic and biotic filters structuring AMF and DSE communities in the Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dvorský
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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Abstract
• Root morphological response to experimentally induced soil heterogeneity is reported here on three grassland species (Luzula campestris, Poa angustifolia and Plantago lanceolata) under field conditions. • Nutrient application was combined with suppression of mycorrhizal infection and with substrate structure modification in experimental patches. For each isolated root, we determined five dimensional characteristics and two topological parameters, including a newly introduced topological index (dichotomous branching index). • Nonmycorrhizal L. campestris responded little to nutrient application, but strongly to benomyl application, in all characteristics measured. Mycorrhizal P. angustifolia produced the longest, most branched roots but exhibited limited sensitivity to nutrients and benomyl application. Strongly mycorrhizal P. lanceolata was the most sensitive to nutrient application, but showed little response to benomyl application. It was the only one among the species studied with root characteristics influenced (negatively) by increased production of total root biomass in the patches. Substrate structure influenced dimensional characteristics of Poa and Luzula roots, but not the topological indices. • Results indicate different exploitation of soil microsites by L. campestris, P. angustifolia and P. lanceolata. Root topology seems to play a limited role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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