51
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Young SC. A Systematic Review of Antiamyloidogenic and Metal-Chelating Peptoids: Two Structural Motifs for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:E296. [PMID: 29385058 PMCID: PMC6017092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable form of dementia affecting millions of people worldwide and costing billions of dollars in health care-related payments, making the discovery of a cure a top health, societal, and economic priority. Peptide-based drugs and immunotherapies targeting AD-associated beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation have been extensively explored; however, their therapeutic potential is limited by unfavorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Peptoids (N-substituted glycine oligomers) are a promising class of peptidomimetics with highly tunable secondary structures and enhanced stabilities and membrane permeabilities. In this review, the biological activities, structures, and physicochemical properties for several amyloid-targeting peptoids will be described. In addition, metal-chelating peptoids with the potential to treat AD will be discussed since there are connections between the dysregulation of certain metals and the amyloid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri C Young
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA.
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52
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Jha A, Kumar MG, Gopi HN, Paknikar KM. Inhibition of β-Amyloid Aggregation through a Designed β-Hairpin Peptide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1591-1600. [PMID: 29284085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Designing peptide-based drugs to target the β-sheet-rich toxic intermediates during the aggregation of amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) has been a major challenge. In general, β-sheet breaker peptides (BSBPs) are designed to complement the enthalpic interactions with the aggregating protein, and entropic effects are usually ignored. Here, we have developed a conformationally constrained cyclic BSBP by the use of an unnatural amino acid and a disulfide bond. We show that our peptide strongly inhibits the aggregation of Aβ1-42 in a concentration-dependent manner. It stabilizes the random coil conformation of Aβ1-42 monomers and inhibits the secondary structural transition to a β-sheet-rich conformation which allows Aβ1-42 to oligomerize in an ordered assembly during its aggregation. Our cyclic peptide also rescues the toxicity of soluble aggregates of Aβ1-42 toward neuronal cells. However, it significantly loses its potency in the conformationally relaxed acyclic form. It appears that limiting the loss of conformational entropy of the BSBP ligand can play a very important role in the attainment of conformations for precise and tight binding, making them a potent inhibitor for Aβ1-42 amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jha
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute , G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - Mothukuri Ganesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Hosahudya N Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Kishore M Paknikar
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute , G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
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53
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Wang CW, Nan DD, Wang XM, Ke ZJ, Chen GJ, Zhou JN. A peptide-based near-infrared fluorescence probe for dynamic monitoring senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1593-1601. [PMID: 36659477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal model is critical for drug development. Here, by integrating blood-brain barrier penetrable peptide, we have developed a peptide probe which based on angiopep-2. Angiopep-based probe exhibited high binding affinity to Aβ aggregates and labeled senile plaques in vivo. Remarkably, the in vivo near-infrared imaging data revealed that fluorescence signals of this probe were nearly 3-fold higher in the brains of 16-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice compared to C57 mice and exhibited linear correlation with the senile plaques load process in 4-, 8-, 16-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Moreover, senile plaques load was detected in vivo as early as 4 months of age that even at the very beginning of plaques developed in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Taken together, this novel peptide-based probe achieved dynamic monitoring senile plaques in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and have been ready to use in drug development in AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dou-Dou Nan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin-Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zun-Ji Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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54
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Cheng YS, Chen ZT, Liao TY, Lin C, Shen HCH, Wang YH, Chang CW, Liu RS, Chen RPY, Tu PH. An intranasally delivered peptide drug ameliorates cognitive decline in Alzheimer transgenic mice. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:703-715. [PMID: 28356312 PMCID: PMC5412883 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Imbalance between the production and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides is considered to be the primary mechanism of AD pathogenesis. This amyloid hypothesis is supported by the recent success of the human anti‐amyloid antibody aducanumab, in clearing plaque and slowing clinical impairment in prodromal or mild patients in a phase Ib trial. Here, a peptide combining polyarginines (polyR) (for charge repulsion) and a segment derived from the core region of Aβ amyloid (for sequence recognition) was designed. The efficacy of the designed peptide, R8‐Aβ(25–35), on amyloid reduction and the improvement of cognitive functions were evaluated using APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Daily intranasal administration of PEI‐conjugated R8‐Aβ(25–35) peptide significantly reduced Aβ amyloid accumulation and ameliorated the memory deficits of the transgenic mice. Intranasal administration is a feasible route for peptide delivery. The modular design combining polyR and aggregate‐forming segments produced a desirable therapeutic effect and could be easily adopted to design therapeutic peptides for other proteinaceous aggregate‐associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Ten Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yan Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Howard C-H Shen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Taiwan Mouse Clinic, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rita P-Y Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan .,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsien Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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55
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Kumar S, Deike S, Binder WH. One-Pot Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Amyloidogenic Peptide-Polymer Conjugates via Thio-Bromo "Click" Reaction of RAFT Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 29076195 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy to efficiently prepare main-chain peptide-polymer conjugates probing their aggregation in solution is described. An in situ tandem reaction based on aminolysis/thio-bromo "click" reaction is performed to tether an amyloidogenic peptide fragment amyloid-β17-20 (Leu-Val-Phe-Phe (LVFF)) to the ω-chain end of poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate) (PDEGA), prepared via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Structural confirmation of the constructed conjugates PDEGA-LVFF (Mn,SEC = 5600, Ð = 1.21), (Mn,SEC = 7600, Ð = 1.16), and (Mn,SEC = 8900, Ð = 1.15) is successfully made by combined studies of 1 H NMR, size-exclusion chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization time-of-flight (ESI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The effect of the peptidic constituent on the thermoresponsive behavior of the polymer is examined by UV-vis spectroscopy, and the self-assembly behavior of the amphiphilic conjugate is further exploited, exhibiting micellar morphology in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deike
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
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56
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Suprun EV, Radko SP, Farafonova TE, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Archakov AI, Shumyantseva VV. Application of an Electrochemical Method to Evaluation of Amyloid-β Aggregation Inhibitors: Testing the RGKLVFFGR-NH2Peptide Antiaggregant. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Suprun
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry; Pogodinskaya Street 10/8 Moscow 119121 Russia
| | - Sergey P. Radko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry; Pogodinskaya Street 10/8 Moscow 119121 Russia
| | | | - Vladimir A. Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilov Street 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilov Street 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
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57
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Lau A, Bourkas M, Lu YQQ, Ostrowski LA, Weber-Adrian D, Figueiredo C, Arshad H, Shoaei SZS, Morrone CD, Matan-Lithwick S, Abraham KJ, Wang H, Schmitt-Ulms G. Functional Amyloids and their Possible Influence on Alzheimer Disease. Discoveries (Craiova) 2017; 5:e79. [PMID: 32309597 PMCID: PMC7159844 DOI: 10.15190/d.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids play critical roles in human diseases but have increasingly been recognized to also exist naturally. Shared physicochemical characteristics of amyloids and of their smaller oligomeric building blocks offer the prospect of molecular interactions and crosstalk amongst these assemblies, including the propensity to mutually influence aggregation. A case in point might be the recent discovery of an interaction between the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and somatostatin (SST). Whereas Aβ is best known for its role in Alzheimer disease (AD) as the main constituent of amyloid plaques, SST is intermittently stored in amyloid-form in dense core granules before its regulated release into the synaptic cleft. This review was written to introduce to readers a large body of literature that surrounds these two peptides. After introducing general concepts and recent progress related to our understanding of amyloids and their aggregation, the review focuses separately on the biogenesis and interactions of Aβ and SST, before attempting to assess the likelihood of encounters of the two peptides in the brain, and summarizing key observations linking SST to the pathobiology of AD. While the review focuses on Aβ and SST, it is to be anticipated that crosstalk amongst functional and disease-associated amyloids will emerge as a general theme with much broader significance in the etiology of dementias and other amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Matthew Bourkas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Yang Qing Qin Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lauren Anne Ostrowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Danielle Weber-Adrian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carlyn Figueiredo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hamza Arshad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Shams Shoaei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher Daniel Morrone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stuart Matan-Lithwick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Karan Joshua Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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58
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Beck MW, Derrick JS, Suh JM, Kim M, Korshavn KJ, Kerr RA, Cho WJ, Larsen SD, Ruotolo BT, Ramamoorthy A, Lim MH. Minor Structural Variations of Small Molecules Tune Regulatory Activities toward Pathological Factors in Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1828-1838. [PMID: 28990338 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical tools have been valuable for establishing a better understanding of the relationships between metal ion dyshomeostasis, the abnormal aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Still, very little information is available to correlate the structures of chemical tools with specific reactivities used to uncover such relationships. Recently, slight structural variations to the framework of a chemical tool were found to drastically determine the tool's reactivities toward multiple pathological facets to various extents. Herein, we report our rational design and characterization of a structural series to illustrate the extent to which the reactivities of small molecules vary toward different targets as a result of minor structural modifications. These compounds were rationally and systematically modified based on consideration of properties, including ionization potentials and metal binding, to afford their desired reactivities with metal-free or metal-bound Aβ, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and free organic radicals. Our results show that although small molecules are structurally similar, they can interact with multiple factors associated with AD pathogenesis and alleviate their reactivities to different degrees. Together, our studies demonstrate the rational structure-directed design that can be used to develop chemical tools capable of regulating individual or interrelated pathological features in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Derrick
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle J Korshavn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Richard A Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Woo Jong Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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59
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Elfgen A, Santiago-Schübel B, Gremer L, Kutzsche J, Willbold D. Surprisingly high stability of the Aβ oligomer eliminating all-d-enantiomeric peptide D3 in media simulating the route of orally administered drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:203-207. [PMID: 28711713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) plays an important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we have developed the all-d-enantiomeric peptide D3, which is able to eliminate neurotoxic Aβ oligomers in vitro and improve cognition in a transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model in vivo even after oral administration. d-Peptides are expected to be more resistant against enzymatic proteolysis compared to their l-enantiomeric equivalents, and indeed, a pharmacokinetic study with tritiated D3 revealed the oral bioavailability to be about 58%. To further investigate the underlying properties, we examined the stability of D3 in comparison to its corresponding all-l-enantiomeric mirror image l-D3 in media simulating the gastrointestinal tract, blood and liver. Potential metabolization was followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In simulated gastric fluid, D3 remained almost completely stable (89%) within 24h, while 70% of l-D3 was degraded within the same time period. Notably, in simulated intestinal fluid, D3 also remained stable (96%) for 24h, whereas l-D3 was completely metabolized within seconds. In human plasma and human liver microsomes, l-D3 was metabolized several hundred times faster than D3. The remarkably high stability may explain the high oral bioavailability seen in previous studies allowing oral administration of the drug candidate. Thus, all-d-enantiomeric peptides may represent a promising new compound class for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Elfgen
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Beatrix Santiago-Schübel
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics (ZEA-3), Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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60
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Shaw AE, Bamburg JR. Peptide regulation of cofilin activity in the CNS: A novel therapeutic approach for treatment of multiple neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 175:17-27. [PMID: 28232023 PMCID: PMC5466456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin is a ubiquitous protein which cooperates with many other actin-binding proteins in regulating actin dynamics. Cofilin has essential functions in nervous system development including neuritogenesis, neurite elongation, growth cone pathfinding, dendritic spine formation, and the regulation of neurotransmission and spine function, components of synaptic plasticity essential for learning and memory. Cofilin's phosphoregulation is a downstream target of many transmembrane signaling processes, and its misregulation in neurons has been linked in rodent models to many different neurodegenerative and neurological disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD), aggression due to neonatal isolation, autism, manic/bipolar disorder, and sleep deprivation. Cognitive and behavioral deficits of these rodent models have been largely abrogated by modulation of cofilin activity using viral-mediated, genetic, and/or small molecule or peptide therapeutic approaches. Neuropathic pain in rats from sciatic nerve compression has also been reduced by modulating the cofilin pathway within neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. Neuroinflammation, which occurs following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, but which also accompanies many other neurodegenerative syndromes, is markedly reduced by peptides targeting specific chemokine receptors, which also modulate cofilin activity. Thus, peptide therapeutics offer potential for cost-effective treatment of a wide variety of neurological disorders. Here we discuss some recent results from rodent models using therapeutic peptides with a surprising ability to cross the rodent blood brain barrier and alter cofilin activity in brain. We also offer suggestions as to how neuronal-specific cofilin regulation might be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa E Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870, United States
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870, United States.
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61
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Xiong N, Zhao Y, Dong X, Zheng J, Sun Y. Design of a Molecular Hybrid of Dual Peptide Inhibitors Coupled on AuNPs for Enhanced Inhibition of Amyloid β-Protein Aggregation and Cytotoxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1601666. [PMID: 28112856 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), so the inhibition of Aβ aggregation is an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD. Herein, we proposed to design molecular hybrids of peptide inhibitors by combining two peptide inhibitors, VVIA and LPFFD, into single sequences and examined their effects on Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxicity. The hybrid peptides exhibit increased but moderate inhibitory activity as compared to their two precursors. By conjugating the peptides onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), however, the inhibition activity of the corresponding peptide@AuNPs against Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxicity is greatly improved. Among them, VVIACLPFFD (VCD10)@AuNP is the most effective, which increases cell viability from 48% to 82% at a dosage as low as 0.1 nmol L-1 (NPs) or 40 nmol L-1 (peptide). The superior capacity of VCD10@AuNPs is considered due to its branched dual-inhibitor sequence, and its special surface orientation and conformation. These structural features promote its synergetic interactions with Aβ on AuNP surface, leading to strong inhibitions of Aβ oligomerization and fibrillation and the cytotoxicity caused by the aggregation species. The findings suggest that potent inhibitors can be derived by hybridization of multiple peptide inhibitors with the hybrid products coupled onto nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xiong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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62
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Lin TW, Chang CF, Chang YJ, Liao YH, Yu HM, Chen YR. Alzheimer's amyloid-β A2T variant and its N-terminal peptides inhibit amyloid-β fibrillization and rescue the induced cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174561. [PMID: 28362827 PMCID: PMC5376091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia affecting tens of million people worldwide. The primary neuropathological hallmark in AD is amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Several familial mutations found in Aβ sequence result in early onset of AD. Previous studies showed that the mutations located at N-terminus of Aβ, such as the English (H6R) and Tottori (D7N) mutations, promote fibril formation and increase cytotoxicity. However, A2T mutant located at the very N-terminus of Aβ shows low-prevalence incidence of AD, whereas, another mutant A2V causes early onset of AD. To understand the molecular mechanism of the distinct effect and develop new potential therapeutic strategy, here, we examined the effect of full-length and N-terminal A2V/T variants to wild type (WT) Aβ40 by fibrillization assays and NMR studies. We found that full-length and N-terminal A2V accelerated WT fibrillization and induced large chemical shifts on the N-terminus of WT Aβ, whereas, full-length and N-terminal A2T retarded the fibrillization. We further examined the inhibition effect of various N-terminal fragments (NTFs) of A2T to WT Aβ. The A2T NTFs ranging from residue 1 to residue 7 to 10, but not 1 to 6 or shorter, are capable to retard WT Aβ fibrillization and rescue cytotoxicity. The results suggest that in the presence of full-length or specific N-terminal A2T can retard Aβ aggregation and the A2T NTFs can mitigate its toxicity. Our results provide a novel targeting site for future therapeutic development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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63
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Han X, Park J, Wu W, Malagon A, Wang L, Vargas E, Wikramanayake A, Houk KN, Leblanc RM. A resorcinarene for inhibition of Aβ fibrillation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2003-2009. [PMID: 28451317 PMCID: PMC5398272 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) fibrillation is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it has been challenging to discover potent agents in order to inhibit Aβ fibrillation. Herein, we demonstrated the effect of resorcinarene on inhibiting Aβ fibrillation in vitro via experimental and computational methods. Aβ were incubated with different concentrations of resorcinarene so as to monitor the kinetics by using thioflavin T binding assay. The results, which were further confirmed by far-UV CD spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, strongly indicated that the higher concentration of resorcinarene, the more effective the inhibition of Aβ fibrillation. A cytotoxicity study showed that when sea urchin embryos were exposed to the resorcinarene, the majority survived due to the resorcinarene low toxicity. In addition, when the resorcinarene was added, the formation of toxic Aβ 42 species was delayed. Computational studies of Aβ fibrillation, including docking simulations and MD simulations, illustrated that the interaction between inhibitor resorcinarene and Aβ is driven by the non-polar interactions. These studies display a novel strategy for the exploration of promising antiamyloiddogenic agents for AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Chemistry , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA .
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Biology , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA
| | - Andres Malagon
- Departamento de Quimica , Universidad de los Andes , Cr. 1 No. 18A 10 , Bogota 111711 , Colombia
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA
| | - Edgar Vargas
- Departamento de Quimica , Universidad de los Andes , Cr. 1 No. 18A 10 , Bogota 111711 , Colombia
| | - Athula Wikramanayake
- Department of Biology , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA .
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64
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Goyal D, Shuaib S, Mann S, Goyal B. Rationally Designed Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Amyloid-β (Aβ) Aggregation: Potential Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:55-80. [PMID: 28045249 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no clinically accepted treatment to cure or halt its progression. The worldwide effort to develop peptide-based inhibitors of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation can be considered an unplanned combinatorial experiment. An understanding of what has been done and achieved may advance our understanding of AD pathology and the discovery of effective therapeutic agents. We review here the history of such peptide-based inhibitors, including those based on the Aβ sequence and those not derived from that sequence, containing both natural and unnatural amino acid building blocks. Peptide-based aggregation inhibitors hold significant promise for future AD therapy owing to their high selectivity, effectiveness, low toxicity, good tolerance, low accumulation in tissues, high chemical and biological diversity, possibility of rational design, and highly developed methods for analyzing their mode of action, proteolytic stability (modified peptides), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Suniba Shuaib
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmani Mann
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
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65
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Shuaib S, Saini RK, Goyal D, Goyal B. Insights into the Inhibitory Mechanism of Dicyanovinyl-Substituted J147 Derivative against Aβ42
Aggregation and Protofibril Destabilization: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suniba Shuaib
- Department of Chemistry; School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib- 140406, Punjab India
| | - Rajneet Kaur Saini
- Department of Chemistry; School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib- 140406, Punjab India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry; School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib- 140406, Punjab India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry; School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University; Fatehgarh Sahib- 140406, Punjab India
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66
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Bansal S, Maurya IK, Shenmar K, Yadav N, Thota CK, Kumar V, Tikoo K, Chauhan VS, Jain R. Aβ1–42 C-terminus fragment derived peptides prevent the self-assembly of the parent peptide. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26295c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of peptides derived from the C-terminus fragment (Aβ38–42) of Aβ showed significant to complete reduction in Aβ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bansal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S. Nagar
- India
| | | | - Kitika Shenmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S. Nagar
- India
| | - Nitin Yadav
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- New Delhi
- India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S Nagar
- India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S Nagar
- India
| | | | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S. A. S. Nagar
- India
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67
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Dammers C, Yolcu D, Kukuk L, Willbold D, Pickhardt M, Mandelkow E, Horn AHC, Sticht H, Malhis MN, Will N, Schuster J, Funke SA. Selection and Characterization of Tau Binding ᴅ-Enantiomeric Peptides with Potential for Therapy of Alzheimer Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167432. [PMID: 28006031 PMCID: PMC5179029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease (AD), are associated with neurofibrillary tangles composed of the tau protein, as well as toxic tau oligomers. Inhibitors of pathological tau aggregation, interrupting tau self-assembly, might be useful for the development of therapeutics. Employing mirror image phage display with a large peptide library (over 109 different peptides), we have identified tau fibril binding peptides consisting of d-enantiomeric amino acids. d-enantiomeric peptides are extremely protease stable and not or less immunogenic than l-peptides, and the suitability of d-peptides for in vivo applications have already been demonstrated. Phage display selections were performed using fibrils of the d-enantiomeric hexapeptide VQIVYK, representing residues 306 to 311 of the tau protein, as a target. VQIVYK has been demonstrated to be important for fibril formation of the full lengths protein and forms fibrils by itself. Here, we report on d-enantiomeric peptides, which bind to VQIVYK, tau isoforms like tau3RD (K19) as well as to full lengths tau fibrils, and modulate the aggregation of the respective tau form. The peptides are able to penetrate cells and might be interesting for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dammers
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Deniz Yolcu
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Kukuk
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Pickhardt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- CAESAR Research Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- CAESAR Research Center, Bonn, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Nadja Will
- Bioanalytik, Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften, Coburg, Germany
| | - Judith Schuster
- Bioanalytik, Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften, Coburg, Germany
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68
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Tu Y, Ma S, Liu F, Sun Y, Dong X. Hematoxylin Inhibits Amyloid β-Protein Fibrillation and Alleviates Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11360-11368. [PMID: 27749059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation and aggregation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. There has been increased interest in finding new anti-amyloidogenic compounds to inhibit Aβ aggregation. Herein, thioflavin T fluorescent assay and transmission electron microscopy results showed that hematoxylin, a natural organic molecule extracted from Caesalpinia sappan, was a powerful inhibitor of Aβ42 fibrillogenesis. Circular dichroism studies revealed hematoxylin reduced the β-sheet content of Aβ42 and made it assemble into antiparallel arrangement, which induced Aβ42 to form off-pathway aggregates. As a result, hematoxylin greatly alleviated Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the detailed interactions between hematoxylin and Aβ42. Four binding sites of hematoxylin on Aβ42 hexamer were identified, including the N-terminal region, S8GY10 region, turn region, and C-terminal region. Notably, abundant hydroxyl groups made hematoxylin prefer to interact with Aβ42 via hydrogen bonds. This also contributed to the formation of π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, the research proved that hematoxylin was a potential agent against Aβ fibrillogenesis and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Tu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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69
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Turner JP, Chastain SE, Park D, Moss MA, Servoss SL. Modulating amyloid-β aggregation: The effects of peptoid side chain placement and chirality. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:20-26. [PMID: 27776890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the buildup of insoluble aggregated amyloid-β protein (Aβ) into plaques that accumulate between the neural cells in the brain. AD is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and is the only cause of death among the top ten that cannot currently be treated or cured (Alzheimer's Association, 2011; Selkoe, 1996). Researchers have focused on developing small molecules and peptides to prevent Aβ aggregation; however, while some compounds appear promising in vitro, the research has not resulted in a viable therapeutic treatment. We previously reported a peptoid-based mimic (JPT1) of the peptide KLVFF (residues 16-20 of Aβ) that modulates Aβ40 aggregation, specifically reducing the total number of fibrillar, β-sheet structured aggregates formed. In this study, we investigate two new variants of JPT1 that probe the importance of aromatic side chain placement (JPT1s) and side chain chirality (JPT1a). Both JPT1s and JPT1a modulate Aβ40 aggregation by reducing total β-sheet aggregates. However, JPT1a also has a pronounced effect on the morphology of fibrillar Aβ40 aggregates. These results suggest that Aβ40 aggregation may follow a different pathway in the presence of peptoids with different secondary structures. A better understanding of the interactions between peptoids and Aβ will allow for improved design of AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Phillip Turner
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Shelby E Chastain
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 1B33 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Dongwon Park
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Melissa A Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, 1B33 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 2C02 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shannon L Servoss
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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70
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Pellegrino S, Tonali N, Erba E, Kaffy J, Taverna M, Contini A, Taylor M, Allsop D, Gelmi ML, Ongeri S. β-Hairpin mimics containing a piperidine-pyrrolidine scaffold modulate the β-amyloid aggregation process preserving the monomer species. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1295-1302. [PMID: 28451272 PMCID: PMC5359901 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder linked to oligomerization and fibrillization of amyloid β peptides, with Aβ1-42 being the most aggregative and neurotoxic one. We report herein the synthesis and conformational analysis of Aβ1-42-amyloid related β-hairpin peptidomimetics, built on a piperidine-pyrrolidine semi rigid β-turn inducer and bearing two small recognition peptide sequences, designed on oligomeric and fibril structures of Aβ1-42. According to these peptide sequences, a stable β-hairpin or a dynamic equilibrium between two possible architectures was observed. These original constructs are able to greatly delay the kinetics of Aβ1-42 aggregation process as demonstrated by thioflavin-T fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Capillary electrophoresis indicates their ability to preserve the monomer species, inhibiting the formation of toxic oligomers. Furthermore, compounds protect against toxic effects of Aβ on neuroblastoma cells even at substoichiometric concentrations. This study is the first example of acyclic small β-hairpin mimics possessing such a highly efficient anti-aggregation activity. The protective effect is more pronounced than that observed with molecules which have undergone clinical trials. The structural elements made in this study provide valuable insights in the understanding of the aggregation process and insights to explore the design of novel acyclic β-hairpin targeting other types of amyloid-forming proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pellegrino
- DISFARM-Sez. Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini" , Universitá degli Studi di Milano , via Venezian 21 , 20133 Milano , Italy .
| | - N Tonali
- Molécules Fluorées et Chimie Médicinale , BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Université Paris Saclay , 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex , France .
| | - E Erba
- DISFARM-Sez. Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini" , Universitá degli Studi di Milano , via Venezian 21 , 20133 Milano , Italy .
| | - J Kaffy
- Molécules Fluorées et Chimie Médicinale , BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Université Paris Saclay , 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex , France .
| | - M Taverna
- Protéines et Nanotechnologies en Sciences Séparatives , Institut Galien Paris-Sud , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Université Paris Saclay , 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex , France
| | - A Contini
- DISFARM-Sez. Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini" , Universitá degli Studi di Milano , via Venezian 21 , 20133 Milano , Italy .
| | - M Taylor
- Lancaster University , Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences , Faculty of Health and Medicine , Lancaster LA1 4YQ , UK
| | - D Allsop
- Lancaster University , Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences , Faculty of Health and Medicine , Lancaster LA1 4YQ , UK
| | - M L Gelmi
- DISFARM-Sez. Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini" , Universitá degli Studi di Milano , via Venezian 21 , 20133 Milano , Italy .
| | - S Ongeri
- Molécules Fluorées et Chimie Médicinale , BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Université Paris Saclay , 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex , France .
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71
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Silva DES, Cali MP, Pazin WM, Carlos-Lima E, Salles Trevisan MT, Venâncio T, Arcisio-Miranda M, Ito AS, Carlos RM. Luminescent Ru(II) Phenanthroline Complexes as a Probe for Real-Time Imaging of Aβ Self-Aggregation and Therapeutic Applications in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9215-9227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora E. S. Silva
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Cali
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wallance M. Pazin
- Departamento de
Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Estevão Carlos-Lima
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan
- Departamento
de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago Venâncio
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Manoel Arcisio-Miranda
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Amando S. Ito
- Departamento de
Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Rose M. Carlos
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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72
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Waku T, Tanaka N. Recent advances in nanofibrous assemblies based on β-sheet-forming peptides for biomedical applications. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Waku
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Gosyokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Gosyokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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73
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Rajasekhar K, Madhu C, Govindaraju T. Natural Tripeptide-Based Inhibitor of Multifaceted Amyloid β Toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1300-10. [PMID: 27355515 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and its aggregates in the human brain is considered as one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The polymorphic oligomers and fully grown fibrillar aggregates of Aβ exhibit different levels of neuronal toxicity. Moreover, aggregation of Aβ in the presence of redox-active metal ions like Cu(2+) is responsible for the additional trait of cellular toxicity induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a multifunctional peptidomimetic inhibitor (P6) has been presented, based on a naturally occurring metal chelating tripeptide (GHK) and the inhibitor of Aβ aggregation. It was shown by employing various biophysical studies that P6 interact with Aβ and prevent the formation of toxic Aβ forms like oligomeric species and fibrillar aggregates. Further, P6 successfully sequestered Cu(2+) from the Aβ-Cu(2+) complex and maintained it in a redox-dormant state to prevent the generation of ROS. P6 inhibited membrane disruption by Aβ oligomers and efficiently prevented DNA damage caused by the Aβ-Cu(2+) complex. PC12 cells were rescued from multifaceted Aβ toxicity when treated with P6, and the amount of ROS generated in cells was reduced. These attributes make P6 a potential therapeutic candidate to ameliorate the multifaceted Aβ toxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur
P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Chilakapati Madhu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur
P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur
P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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74
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Streich C, Akkari L, Decker C, Bormann J, Rehbock C, Müller-Schiffmann A, Niemeyer FC, Nagel-Steger L, Willbold D, Sacca B, Korth C, Schrader T, Barcikowski S. Characterizing the Effect of Multivalent Conjugates Composed of Aβ-Specific Ligands and Metal Nanoparticles on Neurotoxic Fibrillar Aggregation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7582-7597. [PMID: 27404114 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutically active small molecules represent promising nonimmunogenic alternatives to antibodies for specifically targeting disease-relevant receptors. However, a potential drawback compared to antibody-antigen interactions may be the lower affinity of small molecules toward receptors. Here, we overcome this low-affinity problem by coating the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) with multiple ligands. Specifically, we explored the use of gold and platinum nanoparticles to increase the binding affinity of Aβ-specific small molecules to inhibit Aβ peptide aggregation into fibrils in vitro. The interactions of bare NPs, free ligands, and NP-bound ligands with Aβ are comprehensively studied via physicochemical methods (spectroscopy, microscopy, immunologic tests) and cell assays. Reduction of thioflavin T fluorescence, as an indicator for β-sheet content, and inhibition of cellular Aβ excretion are even more effective with NP-bound ligands than with the free ligands. The results from this study may have implications in the development of therapeutics for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Streich
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Akkari
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen , 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Decker
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jenny Bormann
- Chemical Biology, Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie (ZMB), Fakultät für Biologie, Universtität Duisburg-Essen , 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Centre Jülich , 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Research Centre Jülich , 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Barbara Sacca
- Bionanotechnology, Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie (ZMB), Fakultät für Biologie, University of Duisburg-Essen , 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf Medical School , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen , 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen, Germany
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75
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Verbandt S, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. Yeast as a model for the identification of novel survival-promoting compounds applicable to treat degenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:306-316. [PMID: 27287065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in development and normal metabolic functioning of organisms. Excessive cell death is the cause of many degenerative diseases, like neurodegenerative disorders and Wilson's disease, for which current therapies remain insufficient. Current therapies are mainly focused on decreasing the disease symptoms following cell death, rather than blocking the cell death process itself. The latter can be obtained by either decreasing the presence of the toxic trigger (like protein aggregation in case of many commonly known neurodegenerative diseases) or by blocking death-inducing signaling cascade(s). Given the high conservation in PCD processes between yeast and mammalian cells, in this review, we will focus on yeast as a model organism to study PCD-related diseases as well as on its use for drug discovery purposes. More specifically, we will provide a comprehensive overview of new compounds, which were identified in yeast-based drug screens, that either decrease the amount of toxic trigger or inhibit PCD signaling cascades under PCD-inducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verbandt
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics CMPG, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2460, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics CMPG, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2460, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics CMPG, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2460, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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76
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Liang CT, Huang HB, Wang CC, Chen YR, Chang CF, Shiao MS, Chen YC, Lin TH. L17A/F19A Substitutions Augment the α-Helicity of β-Amyloid Peptide Discordant Segment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154327. [PMID: 27104649 PMCID: PMC4841593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation has been thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Recently, we showed that L17A/F19A substitutions may increase the structural stability of wild-type and Arctic-type Aβ40 and decrease the rates of structural conversion and fibril formation. However, the underlying mechanism for the increase of structural stability as a result of the alanine substitutions remained elusive. In this study, we apply nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopies to characterize the Aβ40 structure, demonstrating that L17A/F19A substitutions can augment the α-helicity of the residues located in the α/β-discordant segment (resides 15 to 23) of both wild-type and Arctic-type Aβ40. These results provide a structural basis to link the α-helicity of the α/β-discordant segment with the conformational conversion propensity of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ting Liang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Basic Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsien-Bin Huang
- Department of Life Science and the Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Ching Wang
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Shi Shiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (YCC); (THL)
| | - Ta-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Basic Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (YCC); (THL)
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77
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Tryptophan Biochemistry: Structural, Nutritional, Metabolic, and Medical Aspects in Humans. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2016; 2016:8952520. [PMID: 26881063 PMCID: PMC4737446 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8952520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
L-Tryptophan is the unique protein amino acid (AA) bearing an indole ring: its biotransformation in living organisms contributes either to keeping this chemical group in cells and tissues or to breaking it, by generating in both cases a variety of bioactive molecules. Investigations on the biology of Trp highlight the pleiotropic effects of its small derivatives on homeostasis processes. In addition to protein turn-over, in humans the pathways of Trp indole derivatives cover the synthesis of the neurotransmitter/hormone serotonin (5-HT), the pineal gland melatonin (MLT), and the trace amine tryptamine. The breakdown of the Trp indole ring defines instead the "kynurenine shunt" which produces cell-response adapters as L-kynurenine, kynurenic and quinolinic acids, or the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). This review aims therefore at tracing a "map" of the main molecular effectors in human tryptophan (Trp) research, starting from the chemistry of this AA, dealing then with its biosphere distribution and nutritional value for humans, also focusing on some proteins responsible for its tissue-dependent uptake and biotransformation. We will thus underscore the role of Trp biochemistry in the pathogenesis of human complex diseases/syndromes primarily involving the gut, neuroimmunoendocrine/stress responses, and the CNS, supporting the use of -Omics approaches in this field.
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78
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Biflavonoids as Potential Small Molecule Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:55-77. [PMID: 26092626 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring phytochemicals found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and offer color, flavor, aroma, nutritional and health benefits. Flavonoids have been found to play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting and/or modifying the self-assembly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into oligomers and fibrils, which are linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The neuroprotective efficacy of flavonoids has been found to strongly depend on their structure and functional groups. Flavonoids may exist in monomeric, as well as di-, tri-, tetra- or polymeric form through C-C or C-O-C linkages. It has been shown that flavonoids containing two or more units, e.g., biflavonoids, exert greater biological activity than their respective monoflavonoids. For instance, biflavonoids have the ability to distinctly alter Aβ aggregation and more effectively reduce the toxicity of Aβ oligomers compared to the monoflavonoid moieties. Although the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated, flavonoids have been shown to alter the Aβ aggregation pathway to yield non-toxic, unstructured Aβ aggregates, as well as directly exerting a neuroprotective effect to cells. In this chapter, we review biflavonoid-mediated Aβ aggregation and toxicity, and highlight the beneficial roles biflavonoids can potentially play in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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79
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Xiong N, Dong XY, Zheng J, Liu FF, Sun Y. Design of LVFFARK and LVFFARK-functionalized nanoparticles for inhibiting amyloid β-protein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5650-5662. [PMID: 25700145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) into amyloid oligomers and fibrils is pathologically linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, the inhibition of Aβ aggregation is essential for the prevention and treatment of AD, but the development of potent agents capable of inhibiting Aβ fibrillogenesis has posed significant challenges. Herein, we designed Ac-LVFFARK-NH2 (LK7) by incorporating two positively charged residues, R and K, into the central hydrophobic fragment of Aβ17-21 (LVFFA) and examined its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxicity by extensive physical, biophysical, and biological analyses. LK7 was observed to inhibit Aβ42 fibrillogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, but its strong self-assembly characteristic also resulted in high cytotoxicity. In order to prevent the cytotoxicity that resulted from the self-assembly of LK7, the peptide was then conjugated to the surface of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to fabricate a nanosized inhibitor, LK7@PLGA-NPs. It was found that LK7@PLGA-NPs had little cytotoxicity because the self-assembly of the LK7 conjugated on the NPs was completely inhibited. Moreover, the NPs-based inhibitor showed remarkable inhibitory capability against Aβ42 aggregation and significantly alleviated its cytotoxicity at a low LK7@PLGA-NPs concentration of 20 μg/mL. At the same peptide concentration, free LK7 showed little inhibitory effect. It is considered that several synergetic effects contributed to the strong inhibitory ability of LK7@PLGA-NPs, including the enhanced interactions between Aβ42 and LK7@PLGA-NPs brought on by inhibiting LK7 self-assembly, restricting conformational changes of Aβ42, and thus redirecting Aβ42 aggregation into unstructured, off-pathway aggregates. The working mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of LK7 and LK7@PLGA-NPs on Aβ42 aggregation were proposed based on experimental observations. This work provides new insights into the design and development of potent NPs-based inhibitors against Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xiong
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dong
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Fu-Feng Liu
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Sun
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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80
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Haupt C, Fändrich M. Biotechnologically engineered protein binders for applications in amyloid diseases. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:513-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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81
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Ghimire Gautam S, Komatsu M, Nishigaki K. Strong Inhibition of Beta-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation Realized by Two-Steps Evolved Peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:356-68. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Ghimire Gautam
- Department of Functional Materials Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-okubo Sakura-Ku Saitama-Shi 338-8570 Japan
| | - Masayuki Komatsu
- Department of Functional Materials Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-okubo Sakura-Ku Saitama-Shi 338-8570 Japan
| | - Koichi Nishigaki
- Department of Functional Materials Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-okubo Sakura-Ku Saitama-Shi 338-8570 Japan
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82
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Turner JP, Lutz-Rechtin T, Moore KA, Rogers L, Bhave O, Moss MA, Servoss SL. Rationally designed peptoids modulate aggregation of amyloid-beta 40. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:552-8. [PMID: 24689364 DOI: 10.1021/cn400221u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Plaques composed of aggregated amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) accumulate between the neural cells in the brain and are associated with dementia and cellular death. Many strategies have been investigated to prevent Aβ self-assembly into disease-associated β-sheet amyloid aggregates; however, a promising therapeutic has not yet been identified. In this study, a peptoid-based mimic of the peptide KLVFF (residues 16-20 of Aβ) was tested for its ability to modulate Aβ aggregation. Peptoid JPT1 includes chiral, aromatic side chains to induce formation of a stable helical secondary structure that allows for greater interaction between the aromatic side chains and the cross β-sheet of Aβ. JPT1 was found to modulate Aβ40 aggregation, specifically decreasing lag time to β-sheet aggregate formation as well as the total number of fibrillar, β-sheet structured aggregates formed. These results suggest that peptoids may be able to limit the formation of Aβ aggregates that are associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Phillip Turner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell
Engineering Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Tammy Lutz-Rechtin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell
Engineering Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Kelly A. Moore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 2C02 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Lauren Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell
Engineering Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Omkar Bhave
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell
Engineering Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Melissa A. Moss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 2C02 Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Shannon L. Servoss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell
Engineering Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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83
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van Groen T, Kadish I, Funke SA, Bartnik D, Willbold D. Treatment with D3 removes amyloid deposits, reduces inflammation, and improves cognition in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:609-20. [PMID: 23271316 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the characteristic pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuritic plaques. The sequence of events leading to deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in plaques is not clear. Here we investigate the effects of D3, an Aβ oligomer directed D-enantiomeric peptide that was obtained from a mirror image phage display selection against monomeric or small oligomeric forms of Aβ42, on Aβ deposition in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic AD-model mice. Using Alzet minipumps, we infused the brains of these AD model mice for 8 weeks with FITC-labeled D3, and examined the subsequent changes in pathology and cognitive deficits. Initial cognitive deficits are similar comparing control and D3-FITC-treated mice, but the treated mice show a significant improvement on the last day of testing. Further, we show that there is a substantial reduction in the amount of amyloid deposits in the animals treated with D3-FITC, compared to the control mice. Finally, the amount of activated microglia and astrocytes surrounding Aβ deposits is dramatically reduced in the D3-FITC-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that treatments with the high affinity Aβ42 oligomer binding D-enantiomeric peptide D3 significantly decrease Aβ deposits and the associated inflammatory response, and improve cognition even when applied only at late stages and high age. Together, this suggests that the treatment reduces the level of Aβ peptide in the brains of AβPP/PS1 mice, possibly by increasing Aβ outflow from the brain. In conclusion, treatments with this D-peptide have great potential to be successful in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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84
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Squitti R, Polimanti R. Copper phenotype in Alzheimer's disease: dissecting the pathway. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 2013; 2:46-56. [PMID: 23844331 PMCID: PMC3703119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the basis of disease onset and progression. Unfortunately, none of these seems to clarify the complexity of the pathogenesis. In fact, diverse and independent pathogenetic pathways can be disrupted at the same time, and each contributes to disease etiology. In recent years, researchers have begun studying biometals more deeply. A number of studies have shown that metal dyshomeostasis may enhance AD onset and progression. Specifically, different authors have hypothesized that alterations in metal metabolism are associated with an increased in metal-related oxidative stress and beta-amyloid oligomer formation and precipitation. Studies conducted in vivo, in vitro, in living patients and in silico studies have demonstrated that local and systemic defects in copper metabolism are characteristic signs of AD. This strongly supports the hypothesis that copper pathways may be disrupted by the disease. More specifically, a copper phenotype can be proposed for AD, based on defects found in genes involved in copper metabolism. In this review, we describe copper dyshomeostasis in AD patients and attempt to explain the basis of the AD copper phenotype. Dissecting copper pathways, we highlight mechanisms which may be at the basis of the disease. We also discuss various associated translation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Neuroscience, AFaR - “San Giovanni Calibita” Fatebenefratelli HospitalRome, Italy
- Laboratorio di Neurodegenerazione, IRCCS San Raffaele PisanaItaly
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”Rome, Italy
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85
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Zheng J, Baghkhanian AM, Nowick JS. A Hydrophobic Surface Is Essential To Inhibit the Aggregation of a Tau-Protein-Derived Hexapeptide. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6846-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310817d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United
States
| | - Arya M. Baghkhanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United
States
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United
States
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86
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Sun N, Funke SA, Willbold D. Mirror image phage display--generating stable therapeutically and diagnostically active peptides with biotechnological means. J Biotechnol 2012; 161:121-5. [PMID: 22728425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are attracting increasing attention as therapeutics. D-enantiomeric peptides are remarkably resistant to in vivo proteolysis and elicit low immunogenic responses when compared with the respective L-peptides. Therefore, D-peptides can serve as therapeutic and early diagnosis agents for drug development. Here we discuss the application of mirror image phage display in pharmaceutical biotechnology aiming to identify protease resistant D-peptides with biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- ICS-6, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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