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Stallmann-Jorgensen I, Ogbi S, Szasz T, Webb RC. A Toll-Like Receptor 1/2 Agonist Augments Contractility in Rat Corpus Cavernosum. J Sex Med 2015; 12:1722-31. [PMID: 26234560 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activation of the innate immune Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) initiates inflammation and has been implicated in vascular dysfunction. Increased contraction and decreased relaxation responses in the penile vasculature lead to erectile dysfunction, a condition associated with inflammation. However, whether TLR2 activation plays a role in penile vascular function has not been established. AIM We hypothesized that activation of the TLR 1/2 heterodimer (TLR1/2) augments contractile and impairs relaxation responses of corpus cavernosum and that these perturbations of vascular function are mediated by low nitric oxide (NO) availability and enhanced activity of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. METHODS Contraction and relaxation responses were measured in rat cavernosal strips using a myograph after incubation with a TLR1/2-activating ligand Pam3 CSK4 (Pam3), the TLR1/2 inhibitor CuCPT 22 (CuCPT), and inhibitors of NO synthase (LNAME) and Rho-kinase (Y27632). TLR2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cumulative concentration response curves, sensitivity (pEC50), and maximal response (Emax ) of cavernosal strips to vasodilatory and vasocontractile agonists were compared between treatments. RESULTS Pam3-treated cavernosal strips exhibited greater pEC50 and higher Emax to phenylephrine (PE) than control tissues. Inhibition of NO synthase increased Emax to PE in Pam3-treated cavernosal strips. Pam3 treatment reduced relaxation to Y27632 compared with control tissues. Inhibition of TLR1/2 activation with CuCPT returned the augmented contraction to PE and the decreased relaxation to Y27632 of Pam3-treated cavernosal strips to control values. CONCLUSIONS The TLR1/2 heterodimer mediates augmented contraction and reduced relaxation in rat cavernosal strips. Thus, TLR1/2 activation antagonizes vascular responses crucial for normal erectile function and implicates immune activation in vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Immune signaling via TLR2 may offer novel targets for treating inflammation-mediated vascular dysfunction in the penis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safia Ogbi
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Theodora Szasz
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors ameliorates cognitive deficits in deoxycorticosterone acetate induced hypertensive rats via cAMP/CREB signaling system. Brain Res 2015; 1622:279-91. [PMID: 26168894 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors promote memory by blocking the degradation of cAMP. Existing evidence also shows that neuronal survival and plasticity are dependent on the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein. In this regard, PDE-4 inhibitors have also been shown to reverse pharmacologically and genetically induced memory impairment in animal models. In the present study, the authors examined the effect of both rolipram and roflumilast (PDE-4 inhibitors) on the impairment of learning and memory observed in hypertensive rats. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt hypertensive model was used to induce learning and memory deficits. The mRNA expression of different PDE-4 subtypes along with the protein levels of pCREB and BDNF in the hippocampus was quantified. Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in DOCA salt hypertensive rats when compared to sham operated rats. This effect was reversed by clonidine, an α2 receptor agonist, while PDE-4 inhibitors did not. PDE-4 inhibitors significantly improved the time-induced memory deficits in object recognition task (ORT). In DOCA salt hypertensive rats, the gene expression of PDE-4B and PDE-4D was significantly increased. Furthermore, both pCREB and BDNF showed decreased levels of expression in hypertensive rats in comparison to sham operated rats. Repeated administration of PDE-4 inhibitors significantly decreased both PDE-4B and PDE-4D with an increase in the expression of pCREB and BDNF in hypersensitive rats. Also, rolipram, roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide showed a linear increase in the plasma and brain concentrations after ORT. Our present findings suggested that PDE-4 inhibitors ameliorate hypertension-induced learning impairment via cAMP/CREB signaling that regulates BDNF expression downstream in the rat hippocampus.
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de Almeida PWM, Melo MB, Lima RDF, Gavioli M, Santiago NM, Greco L, Jesus ICG, Nocchi E, Parreira A, Alves MNM, Mitraud L, Resende RR, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Dos Santos RAS, Guatimosim S. Beneficial effects of angiotensin-(1-7) against deoxycorticosterone acetate-induced diastolic dysfunction occur independently of changes in blood pressure. Hypertension 2015; 66:389-95. [PMID: 26077567 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diastolic heart failure. On the contrary, angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) has emerged as a potential strategy for treatment of cardiac dysfunction induced by excessive mineralocorticoid receptor activation. A critical question about the cardioprotective effect of Ang-(1-7) in hypertensive models is its dependence on blood pressure (BP) reduction. Here, we addressed this question by investigating the mechanisms involved in Ang-(1-7) cardioprotection against mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Sprague-Dawley (SD) and transgenic (TG) rats that overexpress an Ang-(1-7) producing fusion protein (TG(A1-7)3292) were treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) for 6 weeks. After treatment, SD rats became hypertensive and developed ventricular hypertrophy. These parameters were attenuated in TG-DOCA. SD-DOCA rats developed diastolic dysfunction which was associated at the cellular level with reduced Ca(2+) transient. Oppositely, TG-DOCA myocytes presented enhanced Ca(2+) transient. Moreover, higher extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, type 1 phosphatase, and protein kinase Cα levels were found in SD-DOCA cells. In vivo, pressor effects of DOCA can contribute to the diastolic dysfunction, raising the question of whether protection in TG was a consequence of reduced BP. To address this issue, BP in SD-DOCA was kept at TG-DOCA level by giving hydralazine or by reducing the DOCA amount given to rats (Low-DOCA). Under similar BP, diastolic dysfunction and molecular changes were still evident in DOCA-hydralazine and SD-low-DOCA, but not in TG-DOCA. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7) protective signaling against DOCA-induced diastolic dysfunction occurs independently of BP attenuation and is mediated by the activation of pathways involved in Ca(2+) handling, hypertrophy, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro W Machado de Almeida
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Barrouin Melo
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Freitas Lima
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gavioli
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nivia M Santiago
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Greco
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Itamar C G Jesus
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nocchi
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Parreira
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcia N M Alves
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mitraud
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences (P.W.M.d.A., M.B.M., R.d.F.L., M.G., N.M.S., L.G., I.C.G.J., E.N., A.P., M.N.M.A., L.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (R.R.R.), and National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (M.B.M., M.J.C.-S., R.A.S.d.S., S.G.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Mosa A, Hutter MC, Zapp J, Bernhardt R, Hannemann F. Regioselective Acetylation of C21 Hydroxysteroids by the Bacterial Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase I. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1670-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Glezeva N, Baugh JA. Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and its potential as a therapeutic target. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 19:681-94. [PMID: 24005868 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is an increasingly prevalent clinical syndrome with many unresolved issues regarding diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. The major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HFPEF are known to be fibrosis and reduced ventricular compliance, and hypertension (HTN) is perhaps the most significant risk factor for the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Inflammation is one of the earliest events in cardiac stress situations such as pressure and/or volume overload and involves elevated levels of endothelial adhesion molecules as well as increased production and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tissue. The latter promotes the infiltration of activated inflammatory cells, particularly monocytes, into the cardiac tissue. Increased monocyte infiltration is seen in the early and late stages of HTN and HFPEF. Once inside the tissue, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and promote cardiac inflammation, tissue injury, and myocardial fibrosis. This review focuses on inflammation as the initial and primary trigger of ventricular remodelling in HTN and LVDD, affecting progression to HFPEF. The link between inflammation and b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a clinical marker of cardiac pressure overload which is positively associated with cardiac dysfunction and HF, is also described. Finally, current and prospective therapeutic approaches for HFPEF based on modification of the inflammatory response are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Glezeva
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Leong XF, Ng CY, Jaarin K. Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research: Hypertension and Atherosclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:528757. [PMID: 26064920 PMCID: PMC4433641 DOI: 10.1155/2015/528757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are among the most common causes of mortality in both developed and developing countries. Experimental animal models of hypertension and atherosclerosis have become a valuable tool for providing information on etiology, pathophysiology, and complications of the disease and on the efficacy and mechanism of action of various drugs and compounds used in treatment. An animal model has been developed to study hypertension and atherosclerosis for several reasons. Compared to human models, an animal model is easily manageable, as compounding effects of dietary and environmental factors can be controlled. Blood vessels and cardiac tissue samples can be taken for detailed experimental and biomolecular examination. Choice of animal model is often determined by the research aim, as well as financial and technical factors. A thorough understanding of the animal models used and complete analysis must be validated so that the data can be extrapolated to humans. In conclusion, animal models for hypertension and atherosclerosis are invaluable in improving our understanding of cardiovascular disease and developing new pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Yi Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamsiah Jaarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tøndel K, Land S, Niederer SA, Smith NP. Quantifying inter-species differences in contractile function through biophysical modelling. J Physiol 2015; 593:1083-111. [PMID: 25480801 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.279232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models and measurements are frequently used to guide and evaluate clinical interventions. In this context, knowledge of inter-species differences in physiology is crucial for understanding the limitations and relevance of animal experimental assays for informing clinical applications. Extensive effort has been put into studying the structure and function of cardiac contractile proteins and how differences in these translate into the functional properties of muscles. However, integrating this knowledge into a quantitative description, formalising and highlighting inter-species differences both in the kinetics and in the regulation of physiological mechanisms, remains challenging. In this study we propose and apply a novel approach for the quantification of inter-species differences between mouse, rat and human. Assuming conservation of the fundamental physiological mechanisms underpinning contraction, biophysically based computational models are fitted to simulate experimentally recorded phenotypes from multiple species. The phenotypic differences between species are then succinctly quantified as differences in the biophysical model parameter values. This provides the potential of quantitatively establishing the human relevance of both animal-based experimental and computational models for application in a clinical context. Our results indicate that the parameters related to the sensitivity and cooperativity of calcium binding to troponin C and the activation and relaxation rates of tropomyosin/crossbridge binding kinetics differ most significantly between mouse, rat and human, while for example the reference tension, as expected, shows only minor differences between the species. Hence, while confirming expected inter-species differences in calcium sensitivity due to large differences in the observed calcium transients, our results also indicate more unexpected differences in the cooperativity mechanism. Specifically, the decrease in the unbinding rate of calcium to troponin C with increasing active tension was much lower for mouse than for rat and human. Our results also predicted crossbridge binding to be slowest in human and fastest in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Tøndel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK; Simula Research Laboratory, Martin Linges v. 17/25, Rolfsbukta 4B, Fornebu, 1364, Norway
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Imenshahidi M, Razavi BM, Faal A, Gholampoor A, Mousavi SM, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of chronic administration of safranal on systolic blood pressure in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2015; 14:585-90. [PMID: 25901167 PMCID: PMC4403076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Safranal, the main component of Crocus sativus essential oil, exhibits different pharmacological activities. In this study, the effects of safranal, on blood pressure of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) - salt induced hypertensive rats in chronic administration were investigated. Three doses of safranal (1, 2 and 4 mg/Kg/day) and spironolactone (50 mg/Kg/day) were administrated to the different groups of normotensive and hypertensive rats (at the end of 4 weeks treatment by DOCA-salt) for Five weeks. Then the effects of safranal on mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated using tail cuff method. The duration of effect of safranal on SBP, was also evaluated. Our results indicated that chronic administration of safranal could reduce the MSBP in DOCA salt treated rats in a dose dependent manner. Safranal did not decrease the MSBP in normotensive rats. The data also showed that antihypertensive effects of safranal did not persist. In summary, our results showed that safranal exhibits antihypertensive and normalizing effect on BP in chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ayyoob Faal
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Gholampoor
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ,E-mail:
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Sriramula S, Xia H, Xu P, Lazartigues E. Brain-targeted angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 overexpression attenuates neurogenic hypertension by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammation. Hypertension 2014; 65:577-86. [PMID: 25489058 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and cyclooxygenases (COX) in the brain are implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We previously reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) overexpression in the brain attenuates the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension, a neurogenic hypertension model with enhanced brain renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic activity. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we investigated whether oxidative stress, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and cyclooxygenase (COX) activation in the brain are modulated by ACE2 in neurogenic hypertension. Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension significantly increased expression of Nox-2 (+61±5%), Nox-4 (+50±13%), and nitrotyrosine (+89±32%) and reduced activity of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (-29±4%) and superoxide dismutase (-31±7%), indicating increased oxidative stress in the brain of nontransgenic mice. This increased oxidative stress was attenuated in transgenic mice overexpressing ACE2 in the brain. Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced reduction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression (-26±7%) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase/total endothelial nitric oxide synthase (-30±3%), and enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the paraventricular nucleus, were reversed by ACE2 overexpression. In addition, ACE2 overexpression blunted the hypertension-mediated increase in gene and protein expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in the paraventricular nucleus. Furthermore, gene silencing of either COX-1 or COX-2 in the brain, reduced microglial activation and accompanied neuroinflammation, ultimately attenuating Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Together, these data provide evidence that brain ACE2 overexpression reduces oxidative stress and COX-mediated neuroinflammation, improves antioxidant and nitric oxide signaling, and thereby attenuates the development of neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sriramula
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Huijing Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.
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Horgan S, Watson C, Glezeva N, Baugh J. Murine models of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Card Fail 2014; 20:984-95. [PMID: 25225111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction leads to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, an increasingly prevalent condition largely driven by modern day lifestyle risk factors. As heart failure with preserved ejection fraction accounts for almost one-half of all patients with heart failure, appropriate nonhuman animal models are required to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome and to provide a platform for preclinical investigation of potential therapies. Hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are major risk factors for diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review focuses on murine models reflecting this disease continuum driven by the aforementioned common risk factors. We describe various models of diastolic dysfunction and highlight models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction reported in the literature. Strengths and weaknesses of the different models are discussed to provide an aid to translational scientists when selecting an appropriate model. We also bring attention to the fact that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is difficult to diagnose in animal models and that, therefore, there is a paucity of well described animal models of this increasingly important condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horgan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - C Watson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Glezeva
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Baugh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Effects of chronic crocin treatment on desoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-salt hypertensive rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 17:9-13. [PMID: 24592301 PMCID: PMC3938880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) In this study, the effects of chronic administration of crocin, an active constituent of saffron, on blood pressures of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) - salt induced hypertensive rats, were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five week administration of three doses of crocin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) and spironolactone (50 mg/kg/day) in different groups of normotensive and hypertensive rats (at the end of 4 weeks treatment by DOCA-salt) was carried out and their effects on mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated using tail cuff method. The duration of effect of crocin on SBP, was also evaluated. RESULTS Our results indicated that chronic administration of crocin could reduce the MSBP in DOCA salt treated rats in a dose dependent manner. Crocin did not decrease the MSBP in normotensive rats. The data also showed that antihypertensive effects of crocin did not persist. CONCLUSION It is concluded that crocin possesses antihypertensive and normalizing effect on BP in chronic administration.
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Imenshahidi M, Razavi BM, Faal A, Gholampoor A, Mousavi SM, Hosseinzadeh H. The Effect of Chronic Administration of Saffron (Crocus sativus) Stigma Aqueous Extract on Systolic Blood Pressure in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2013; 8:175-9. [PMID: 24624210 PMCID: PMC3941887 DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crocus sativus L. (saffron), which belongs to the Iridaceae family, is widely cultivated in Iran. Cardiovascular effects of saffron has been established in some studies but the effects of chronic administration of saffron (C. sativus) stigma aqueous extract on blood pressure has not been investigated. Objectives In this study the effects of saffron (C. sativus) stigma aqueous extract on blood pressure of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt induced hypertensive rats, in chronic exposure was evaluated. Materials and Methods Five weeks administration of three doses saffron aqueous extract (10, 20 and 40 mg/Kg/day) and spironolactone (50 mg/Kg/day) in different groups of normotensive and hypertensive rats (at the end of 4 weeks treatment by DOCA-salt) was carried out and their effects on mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated using tail cuff method. The duration of the effect of saffron on systolic blood pressure (SBP), was also evaluated. Results Our results indicated that chronic administration of saffron aqueous extract could reduce the MSBP in DOCA salt treated rats in a dose dependent manner. This compound did not decrease the MSBP in normotensive rats. The data also showed that antihypertensive effects of saffron did not persist. Conclusions It is concluded that saffron aqueous extract possesses antihypertensive and normalizing effect on BP in chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Ayyoob Faal
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Ali Gholampoor
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
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Moghadam MH, Imenshahidi M, Mohajeri SA. Antihypertensive effect of celery seed on rat blood pressure in chronic administration. J Med Food 2013; 16:558-63. [PMID: 23735001 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different celery (Apium graveolens) seed extracts on blood pressure (BP) in normotensive and deoxycorticosterone acetate-induced hypertensive rats. The hexanic, methanolic, and aqueous-ethanolic extracts were administered intraperitoneally and their effects on BP and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in comparison with spirnolactone as a diuretic and positive control. Also, the amount of n-butylphthalide (NBP), as an antihypertensive constituent, in each extract was determined by HPLC. The results indicated that all extracts decreased BP and increased the HR in hypertensive rats, but had no effect on normotensive rats. The data showed that administration of 300 mg/kg of hexanic, methanolic, and aqueous-ethanolic (20/80, v/v) extracts of the celery seed caused 38, 24, and 23 mmHg reduction in BP and 60, 25, and 27 beats per minute increase in the HR, respectively. Also, the HPLC analysis data revealed that the content of NBP in the hexanic extract was 3.7 and 4 times greater than methanolic and aqueous-ethanolic extracts. It can be concluded that celery seed extracts have antihypertensive properties, which appears to be attributable to the actions of its active hydrophobic constitutes such as NBP and can be considered as an antihypertensive agent in chronic treatment of elevated BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hassanpour Moghadam
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Modulatory effect of sesamol on DOCA-salt-induced oxidative stress in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 379:255-65. [PMID: 23576423 PMCID: PMC3666123 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of sesamol on uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in surgically single-kidney-removed (left) adult male albino Wistar rats, weighing 180–200 g, by injecting DOCA (25 mg/kg BW) subcutaneously twice a week for 6 weeks, with saline instead of tap water for drinking. Rats were treated with three different doses of sesamol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW) post-orally by gavage daily for 6 weeks. Hypertension was revealed by increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the toxicity of DOCA-salt was determined using hepatic marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phospatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; and, lipid peroxidative markers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes were assayed. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione) were evaluated in erythrocytes, plasma and tissues. Post-oral administration of sesamol at the dosage of 50 mg/kg BW remarkably decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hepatic marker enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products and also enhanced the antioxidant activity. The biochemical observations were also supported by histopathological examinations of the rat liver, kidney and heart sections. These results suggest that sesamol possesses antihypertensive and antioxidant effects.
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Chugh PK, Gupta M, Agarwal M, Tekur U. Etoricoxib attenuates effect of antihypertensives in a rodent model of DOCA-salt induced hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2013; 35:601-6. [PMID: 23489008 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2013.776567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
While it is known that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors influence BP, the exact relationship and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We investigated the effect of etoricoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor on the antihypertensive efficacy of atenolol; beta-blocker, ramipril; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and telmisartan; angiotensin receptor blocker in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, a mineralocorticoid volume expansion model. Etoricoxib attenuated the antihypertensive-induced reduction of systolic (atenolol; P < .001, ramipril; P = .011, telmisartan; P = .003) and mean arterial pressure (atenolol; P < .001, ramipril; P = .032, telmisartan; P = .023). These results demonstrate that COX-2 dependent mechanisms play a significant role in blood pressure regulation, and etoricoxib-induced COX-2 inhibition blunts the therapeutic effect of different classes of antihypertensives in this mineralocorticoid volume expansion model of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Kaur Chugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi 110002 , India
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Aleksinskaya MA, van Faassen EEH, Nelissen J, Janssen BJA, De Mey JGR, Hanemaaijer R, Rabelink T, van Zonneveld AJ. Identification of free nitric oxide radicals in rat bone marrow: implications for progenitor cell mobilization in hypertension. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57761. [PMID: 23554866 PMCID: PMC3595254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9)-dependent mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from bone marrow (BM). However, direct measurement of NO in the BM remained elusive due to its low in situ concentration and short lifetime. Using NO spin trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy we give the first experimental confirmation of free NO radicals in rodent BM. NO production was quantified and attributed to enzymatic activity of NO synthases (NOS). Although endothelial NOS (eNOS) accounts for most (66%) of basal NO, we identified a significant contribution (23%) from inducible NOS (iNOS). Basal NO levels closely correlate with MMP9 bioavailability in BM of both hypertensive and control rats. Our observations support the hypothesis that inadequate mobilization of BM-derived stem and progenitor cells in hypertension results from impaired NOS/NO/MMP9 signalling in BM, a condition that may be corrected with pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Aleksinskaya
- Department of Nephrology and the Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Dickinson BA, Semus HM, Montgomery RL, Stack C, Latimer PA, Lewton SM, Lynch JM, Hullinger TG, Seto AG, van Rooij E. Plasma microRNAs serve as biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy and disease progression in hypertension-induced heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 15:650-9. [PMID: 23388090 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), besides being potent regulators of gene expression, can additionally serve as circulating biomarkers of disease. The aim of this study is to determine if plasma miRNAs can be used as indicators of disease progression or therapeutic efficacy in hypertension-induced heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS In order to define circulating miRNAs that change during hypertension-induced heart failure and that respond to therapeutic treatment, we performed miRNA arrays on plasma RNA from hypertensive rats that show signs of heart failure. Array analysis indicated that approximately one-third of the miRNAs on the array are detectable in plasma. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for a selected panel of miRNAs indicated that circulating levels of miR-16, miR-20b, miR-93, miR-106b, miR-223, and miR-423-5p were significantly increased in response to hypertension-induced heart failure, while this effect was blunted in response to treatment with antimiR-208a as well as an ACE inhibitor. Moreover, treatment with antimiR-208a resulted in a dramatic increase in one miRNA, miR-19b. A time course study indicated that several of these miRNA changes track with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of miRNAs are responsive to therapeutic interventions and change during the progression of hypertension-induced heart disease.
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Davis RP, Szasz T, Garver H, Burnett R, Tykocki NR, Watts SW. One-month serotonin infusion results in a prolonged fall in blood pressure in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt hypertensive rat. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:141-8. [PMID: 23336053 DOI: 10.1021/cn300114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-day infusion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) causes a sustained fall in elevated blood pressure in the male deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rat. As hypertension is a long-term disease, we presently test the hypothesis that a longer (30 day) 5-HT infusion could cause a sustained fall in blood pressure in the established hypertensive DOCA-salt rat. This time period (∼4 weeks) was also sufficient to test whether 5-HT could attenuate the development of DOCA-salt hypertension. 5-HT (25 μg/kg/min; sc) or vehicle (Veh) was delivered via osmotic pump to (1) established DOCA-salt rats for one month, (2) Sprague-Dawley rats prior to DOCA-salt administration for one month, and blood pressure and heart rate measured telemetrically. On the final day of 5-HT infusion, free platelet poor plasma 5-HT concentrations were significantly higher in 5-HT versus Veh-infused rats, and mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in 5-HT-infused (135 ± 4 mmHg vs Veh-infused 151 ± 7 mmHg) established DOCA-salt rats. By contrast, 5-HT-infusion did not prevent the development of DOCA-salt hypertension (144 ± 7 mmHg vs Veh = 156 ± 6 mmHg). Isometric contraction of aortic strips was measured, and neither the potency nor maximum contraction to the alpha adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) or 5-HT were modified by infusion of 5-HT (established or preventative infusion), and maximum aortic relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) was modestly but not significantly enhanced (∼15% improvement). This study demonstrates 5-HT is capable of lowering blood pressure in established DOCA-salt hypertensive rats over the course of one month in a mechanism that does not significantly modify or is dependent on modified vascular responsiveness. This finding opens the possibility that elevation of 5-HT levels could be useful in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Patrick Davis
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
United States
| | - Theodora Szasz
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
United States
| | - Hannah Garver
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
United States
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
United States
| | - Nathan R. Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
United States
| | - Stephanie W. Watts
- Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan,
United States
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Prahalathan P, Kumar S, Raja B. Morin attenuates blood pressure and oxidative stress in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats: a biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Metabolism 2012; 61:1087-99. [PMID: 22386933 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the antihypertensive and antioxidant effect of morin, a flavonoid against deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt induced hypertension in male Wistar rats. Hypertension was induced in uninephrectomized rats (UNX) by weekly twice subcutaneous injection of DOCA (25mg/kg) and 1% NaCl in the drinking water for six consecutive weeks. The DOCA-salt hypertensive rats showed significant (P < .05) increase in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, water intake and organ weights (kidney, heart, aorta and liver). DOCA-salt hypertensive rats also showed significant (P < .05) increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes in plasma and tissues (kidney, heart, aorta and liver), and significant (P < .05) decrease in the body weight, nitrite and nitrate levels in plasma and heart. Furthermore, the activities of enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocyte and tissues and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E in plasma and tissues were significantly (P < .05) decreased in DOCA-salt rats. Morin supplementation (50mg/kg) daily for six weeks brought back all the above parameters to near normal level. The above findings were confirmed by the histopathological examination. No significant (P < .05) effect was observed in UNX-rats treated with morin (50mg/kg). These results suggest that morin acts as an antihypertensive and antioxidant agent against DOCA-salt induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichavaram Prahalathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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