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Gao Y, Wu Y, Huan T, Wang X, Xu J, Xu Q, Yu F, Shi H. The application of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1945-1954. [PMID: 34448096 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic therapy is a treatment method used to directly combat tumor cells by modifying the genes of naturally occurring low pathogenic viruses to form "rhizobia" virus. By taking the advantage of abnormal signal pathways in cancer cells, it selectively replicates in tumor cells leading to tumor cell lysis and death. At present, clinical studies widely employ biomolecular technology to transform oncolytic viruses to exert stronger oncolytic effects and reduce their adverse reactions. This review summarizes the current progresses and the molecular mechanism of oncolytic viruses towards tumor treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Huan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Combining Cancer Vaccines with Immunotherapy: Establishing a New Immunological Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158035. [PMID: 34360800 PMCID: PMC8348347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become increasingly qualified for use in personalized cancer immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of tumor immunology and novel antigen delivery technologies has assisted in optimizing vaccine design. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to establish long-lasting immunological memory against tumor cells, thereby leading to effective tumor regression and minimizing non-specific or adverse events. However, due to several resistance mechanisms, significant challenges remain to be solved in order to achieve these goals. In this review, we describe our current understanding with respect to the use of the antigen repertoire in vaccine platform development. We also summarize various intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms behind the failure of cancer vaccine development in the past. Finally, we suggest a strategy that combines immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines.
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Ahmed J, Chard LS, Yuan M, Wang J, Howells A, Li Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Lu S, Gao D, Wang P, Chu Y, Al Yaghchi C, Schwartz J, Alusi G, Lemoine N, Wang Y. A new oncolytic V accinia virus augments antitumor immune responses to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000415. [PMID: 32217766 PMCID: PMC7206973 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local recurrence and remote metastasis are major challenges to overcome in order to improve the survival of patients with cancer after surgery. Oncolytic viruses are a particularly attractive option for prevention of postsurgical disease as they offer a non-toxic treatment option that can directly target residual tumor deposits and beneficially modulate the systemic immune environment that is suppressed post surgery and allows residual disease escape from control. Here, we report that a novel Vaccinia virus (VV), VVΔTKΔN1L (with deletion of both thymidine kinase (TK) and N1L genes) armed with interleukin 12 (IL-12), can prolong postoperative survival when used as a neoadjuvant treatment in different murine and hamster surgical models of cancer. Methods A tumor-targeted replicating VV with deletion of TK gene and N1L gene (VVΔTKΔN1L) was created. This virus was armed rationally with IL-12. The effect of VVΔTKΔN1L and VVΔTKΔN1L-IL12 on modulation of the tumor microenvironment and induction of tumor-specific immunity as well the feasibility and safety as a neoadjuvant agent for preventing recurrence and metastasis after surgery were assessed in several clinically relevant models. Results VVΔTKΔN1L can significantly prolong postoperative survival when used as a neoadjuvant treatment in three different surgery-induced metastatic models of cancer. Efficacy was critically dependent on elevation of circulating natural killer cells that was achieved by virus-induced cytokine production from cells infected with N1L-deleted, but not N1L-intact VV. This effect was further enhanced by arming VVΔTKΔN1L with IL-12, a potent antitumor cytokine. Five daily treatments with VVΔTKΔN1L-IL12 before surgery dramatically improved postsurgical survival. VVΔTKΔN1L armed with human IL-12 completely prevented tumor recurrence in surgical models of head and neck cancer in Syrian hamsters. Conclusions These data provide a proof of concept for translation of the regime into clinical trials. VVΔTKΔN1L-IL12 is a promising agent for use as an adjuvant to surgical treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Ahmed
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louisa S Chard
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ming Yuan
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jiwei Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Anwen Howells
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yuenan Li
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haoze Li
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxian Zhang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Lu
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongling Gao
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chadwan Al Yaghchi
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joel Schwartz
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ghassan Alusi
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Lemoine
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Sun Y, Dong W, Tian L, Rao Y, Qin C, Jaramillo SA, Settles EW, Ma S, Zhang J, Yu K, Xu B, Yan J, Ma R, Li Z, Dadwal SS, Barker BM, Keim PS, Feng P, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. Dual roles of a novel oncolytic viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: preventing COVID-19 and treating tumor progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34127971 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.07.447286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cancer patients are usually immunocompromised and thus are particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection resulting in COVID-19. Although many vaccines against COVID-19 are being preclinically or clinically tested or approved, none have yet been specifically developed for cancer patients or reported as having potential dual functions to prevent COVID-19 and treat cancer. Here, we confirmed that COVID-19 patients with cancer have low levels of antibodies against the spike (S) protein, a viral surface protein mediating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, compared with COVID-19 patients without cancer. We developed an oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 vector-based vaccine named oncolytic virus (OV)-spike. OV-spike induced abundant anti-S protein neutralization antibodies in both tumor-free and tumor-bearing mice, which inhibit infection of VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and wild-type (WT) live SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 variant in vitro. In the tumor-bearing mice, OV-spike also inhibited tumor growth, leading to better survival in multiple preclinical tumor models than the untreated control. Furthermore, OV-spike induced anti-tumor immune response and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response without causing serious adverse events. Thus, OV-spike is a promising vaccine candidate for both preventing COVID-19 and enhancing the anti-tumor response. One Sentence Summary A herpes oncolytic viral vector-based vaccine is a promising vaccine with dual roles in preventing COVID-19 and treating tumor progression.
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Chianese A, Santella B, Ambrosino A, Stelitano D, Rinaldi L, Galdiero M, Zannella C, Franci G. Oncolytic Viruses in Combination Therapeutic Approaches with Epigenetic Modulators: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112761. [PMID: 34199429 PMCID: PMC8199618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer rates have been accelerating significantly in recent years. Despite notable advances having been made in cancer therapy, and numerous studies being currently conducted in clinical trials, research is always looking for new treatment. Novel and promising anticancer therapies comprise combinations of oncolytic viruses and epigenetic modulators, including chromatin modifiers, such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylases, and microRNA. Combinatorial treatments have several advantages: they enhance viral entry, replication, and spread between proximal cells and, moreover, they strengthen the immune response. In this review we summarize the main combination of therapeutic approaches, giving an insight into past, present, and future perspectives. Abstract According to the World Cancer Report, cancer rates have been increased by 50% with 15 million new cases in the year 2020. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the only one of the most common tumors to cause a huge increase in mortality with a survival rate between 40% and 70% at 5 years, due to the high relapse and limitations associated with current therapies. Despite great progress in medicine, oncological research is always looking for new therapies: different technologies have been evaluated in clinical trials and others have been already used in clinics. Among them, oncolytic virotherapy represents a therapeutic option with a widespread possibility of approaches and applications. Oncolytic viruses are naturally occurring, or are engineered, viruses characterized by the unique features of preferentially infecting, replicating, and lysing malignant tumor cells, as well as activating the immune response. The combination of oncolytic virotherapy and chemical drugs are arousing great interest in the tumor treatment. In this scenario, novel and promising anticancer therapies comprise combinations of oncolytic viruses and epigenetic modulators or inhibitors of the signalling pathways. Combination treatments are required to improve the immune response and allow viral entry, replication, and diffusion between proximal cells. In this review, we summarize all combination therapies associated with virotherapy, including co-administered inhibitors of chromatin modifiers (combination strategies) and inserted target sites for miRNAs (recombination or arming strategies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Biagio Santella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Debora Stelitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (G.F.)
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Patel A, Carr MJ, Sun J, Zager JS. In-transit metastatic cutaneous melanoma: current management and future directions. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:201-211. [PMID: 33999365 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Management of in-transit melanoma encompasses a variety of possible treatment pathways and modalities. Depending on the location of disease, number of lesions, burden of disease and patient preference and characteristics, some treatments may be more beneficial than others. After full body radiographic staging is performed to rule out metastatic disease, curative therapy may be performed through surgical excision, intraarterial regional perfusion and infusion therapies, intralesional injections, systemic therapies or various combinations of any of these. While wide excision is limited in indication to superficial lesions that are few in number, the other listed therapies may be effective in treating unresectable disease. Where intraarterial perfusion based therapies have been shown to successfully treat extremity disease, injectable therapies can be used in lesions of the head and neck. Although systemic therapies for in-transit melanoma have limited specific data to support their primary use for in-transit disease, there are patients who may not be eligible for any of the other options, and current clinical trials are exploring the use of concurrent and sequential use of regional and systemic therapies with early results suggesting a synergistic benefit for oncologic response and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Patel
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Michael J Carr
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 10920 North McKinley Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - James Sun
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 10920 North McKinley Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Zager
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 10920 North McKinley Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Budhwani M, Turrell G, Yu M, Frazer IH, Mehdi AM, Chandra J. Immune-Inhibitory Gene Expression is Positively Correlated with Overall Immune Activity and Predicts Increased Survival Probability of Cervical and Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:622643. [PMID: 33834038 PMCID: PMC8021786 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.622643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited immunotherapy options are approved for the treatment of cervical cancer and only 10-25% of patients respond effectively to checkpoint inhibition monotherapy. To aid the development of novel therapeutic immune targets, we aimed to explore survival-associated immune biomarkers and co-expressed immune networks in cervical cancer. Methods: Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CESC) data (n = 304), we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and determined which co-expressed immune-related genes and networks are associated with survival probability in CESC patients under conventional therapy. A "Pan-Immune Score" and "Immune Suppression Score" was generated based on expression of survival-associated co-expressed immune networks and immune suppressive genes, which were subsequently tested for association with survival probablity using the TCGA Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) data (n = 528), representing a second SCC cancer type. Results: In CESC, WGCNA identified a co-expression module enriched in immune response related genes, including 462 genes where high expression was associated with increased survival probability, and enriched for genes associated with T cell receptor, cytokine and chemokine signaling. However, a high level of expression of 43 of the genes in this module was associated with decreased survival probability but were not enriched in particular pathways. Separately, we identified 20 genes associated with immune suppression including inhibitory immune checkpoint and regulatory T cell-related genes, where high expression was associated with increased survival probability. Expression of these 20 immune suppressive genes (represented as "Immune Suppression Score") was highly correlated with expression of overall survival-associated immune genes (represented as "Pan-Immune Score"). However, high expression of seven immune suppression genes, including TWEAK-R, CD73, IL1 family and TGFb family genes, was significantly associated with decreased survival probability. Both scores also significantly associated with survival probability in HNSCC, and correlated with the previously established "Immunophenoscore." Conclusion: CESC and HNSCC tumors expressing genes predictive of T cell infiltrates (hot tumors) have a better prognosis, despite simultaneous expression of many immune inhibitory genes, than tumors lacking expression of genes associated with T cell infiltrates (cold tumors) whether or not these tumor express immune inhibitory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Budhwani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Meihua Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ahmed M Mehdi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): An Intralesional Cancer Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061383. [PMID: 33803762 PMCID: PMC8003308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC; IMLYGIC®, Amgen Inc.) is the first oncolytic viral immunotherapy to be approved for the local treatment of unresectable metastatic stage IIIB/C–IVM1a melanoma. Its direct intratumoral injection aim to trigger local and systemic immunologic responses leading to tumor cell lysis, followed by release of tumor-derived antigens and subsequent activation of tumor-specific effector T-cells. Its approval has fueled the interest to study its possible sinergy with other immunotherapeutics in preclinical models as well as in clinical contextes. In fact, it has been shown that intratumoral administration of this immunostimulatory agent successfully synergizes with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The objectives of this review are to resume the current state of the art of T-VEC treatment when used in monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, describing the strong rationale of its development, the adverse events of interest and the clinical outcome in selected patient’s populations. Abstract Direct intralesional injection of specific or even generic agents, has been proposed over the years as cancer immunotherapy, in order to treat cutaneous or subcutaneous metastasis. Such treatments usually induce an effective control of disease in injected lesions, but only occasionally were able to demonstrate a systemic abscopal effect on distant metastases. The usual availability of tissue for basic and translational research is a plus in utilizing this approach, which has been used in primis for the treatment of locally advanced melanoma. Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor that could often spread superficially causing in-transit metastasis and involving draining lymph nodes, being an interesting model to study new drugs with different modality of administration from normal available routes. Talimogene laherperepvec (T-VEC) is an injectable modified oncolytic herpes virus being developed for intratumoral injection, that produces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and enhances local and systemic antitumor immune responses. After infection, selected viral replication happens in tumor cells leading to tumor cell lysis and activating a specific T-cell driven immune response. For this reason, a probable synergistic effect with immune checkpoints inhibition have been described. Pre-clinical studies in melanoma confirmed that T-VEC preferentially infects melanoma cells and exerts its antitumor activity through directly mediating cell death and by augmenting local and even distant immune responses. T-VEC has been assessed in monotherapy in Phase II and III clinical trials demonstrating a tolerable side-effect profile, a promising efficacy in both injected and uninjected lesions, but a mild effect at a systemic level. In fact, despite improved local disease control and a trend toward superior overall survival in respect to the comparator GM-CSF (which was injected subcutaneously daily for two weeks), responses as a single agent therapy have been uncommon in patients with visceral metastases. For this reason, T-VEC is currently being evaluated in combinations with other immune checkpoint inhibitors such as ipilimumab and pembrolizumab, with interesting confirmation of activity even systemically.
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Kana SI, Essani K. Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses: Emerging Options in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:301-313. [PMID: 33713031 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. A safer and more effective therapeutic intervention against this malignant carcinoma is called for given the limitations and toxicities associated with the currently available treatment modalities. Immuno-oncolytic or oncolytic virotherapy, the use of viruses to selectively or preferentially kill cancer cells, has emerged as a potential anticancer treatment modality. Oncolytic viruses act as double-edged swords against the tumors through the direct cytolysis of cancer cells and the induction of antitumor immunity. A number of such viruses have been tested against colorectal cancer, in both preclinical and clinical settings, and many have produced promising results. Oncolytic virotherapy has also shown synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with conventional treatment regimens. In this review, we describe the status of this therapeutic approach against colorectal cancer at both preclinical and clinical levels. Successes with and the challenges of using oncolytic viruses, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Islam Kana
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA
| | - Karim Essani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5410, USA.
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Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:2735-2746. [PMID: 33854633 PMCID: PMC8040720 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by blockade of immune checkpoints is considered as a promising strategy to treat cancer. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoint proteins that responsible for negative regulation of the stability and the integrity of T-cell immune function. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have been developed for immune checkpoint blockade and can induce clinical responses across different types of cancers, which provides a new hope to cure cancer. However, the patients' response rates to current anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapies are still low and many initial responders finally develop resistance to these therapies. In this review, we provides a snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 molecular structure, mechanisms controlling their expression, signaling modulated by PD-1/PD-L1, current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, and the future perspectives to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Quillien L, Top S, Kappler-Gratias S, Redouté A, Dusetti N, Quentin-Froignant C, Lulka H, Camus-Bouclainville C, Buscail L, Gallardo F, Bertagnoli S, Cordelier P. A Novel Imaging Approach for Single-Cell Real-Time Analysis of Oncolytic Virus Replication and Efficacy in Cancer Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:166-177. [PMID: 33504260 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are novel cancer gene therapies that are moving toward the forefront of modern medicines. However, their full therapeutic potential is hindered by the lack of convenient and reliable strategies to visualize and quantify OV growth kinetics and therapeutic efficacy in live cells. In this study, we present an innovative imaging approach for single-cell real-time analysis of OV replication and efficacy in cancer cells. We selected SG33 as a prototypic new OV that derives from wild-type Myxoma virus (MYXV). Lausanne Toulouse 1 (T1) was used as control. We equipped SG33 and T1 genomes with the ANCHOR system and infected a panel of cell lines. The ANCHOR system is composed of a fusion protein (OR-GFP) that specifically binds to a short nonrepetitive DNA target sequence (ANCH) and spreads onto neighboring sequences by protein oligomerization. Its accumulation on the tagged viral DNA results in the creation of fluorescent foci. We found that (1) SG33 and T1-ANCHOR DNA can be readily detected and quantified by live imaging, (2) both OVs generate perinuclear replication foci after infection clustering into horse-shoe shape replication centers, and (3) SG33 replicates to higher levels as compared with T1. Lastly, as a translational proof of concept, we benchmarked SG33 replication and oncolytic efficacy in primary cancer cells derived from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) both at the population and at the single-cell levels. In vivo, SG33 significantly replicates in experimental tumors to inhibit tumor growth. Collectively, we provide herein for the first time a novel strategy to quantify each step of OV infection in live cells and in real time by tracking viral DNA and provide first evidence of theranostic strategies for PDAC patients. Thus, this approach has the potential to rationalize the use of OVs for the benefit of patients with incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Quillien
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Agathe Redouté
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hubert Lulka
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Louis Buscail
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Oncolytic Adenovirus CD55-Smad4 Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, and Tumor Stemness in Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120593. [PMID: 33322272 PMCID: PMC7763845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality have significantly increased, and CRC has become the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, exploring novel effective therapies for CRC is imperative. In this study, we investigated the effect of oncolytic adenovirus CD55-Smad4 on CRC cell growth. Cell viability assay, animal experiments, flow cytometric analysis, cell migration, and invasion assays, and Western blotting were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. The oncolytic adenovirus CD55-Smad4 was successfully constructed and effectively suppressed CRC cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Notably, CD55-Smad4 activated the caspase signaling pathway, inducing the apoptosis of CRC cells. Additionally, the generated oncolytic adenovirus significantly suppressed migration and invasion of CRC cells by overexpressing Smad4 and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. Moreover, CRC cells treated with CD55-Smad4 formed less and smaller spheroid colonies in serum-free culture than cells in control groups, suggesting that CD55-Smad4 suppressed the stemness of CRC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Together, the results of this study provide valuable information for the development of a novel strategy for cancer-targeting gene-virotherapy and provide a deeper understanding of the critical significance of Smad4 in gene therapy of CRC.
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63
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Howard F, Muthana M. Designer nanocarriers for navigating the systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:93-110. [PMID: 31868115 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is paving the way for new carrier systems designed to overcome the greatest challenges of oncolytic virotherapy; systemic administration and subsequent implications of immune responses and specific cell binding and entry. Systemic administration of oncolytic agents is vital for disseminated neoplasms, however transition of nanoparticles (NP) to virotherapy has yielded modest results. Their success relies on how they navigate the merry-go-round of often-contradictory phases of NP delivery: circulatory longevity, tissue permeation and cellular interaction, with many studies postulating design features optimal for each phase. This review discusses the optimal design of NPs for the transport of oncolytic viruses within these phases, to determine whether improved virotherapeutic efficacy lies in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics characteristics of the NP-oncolytic viruses complexes rather than manipulation of the virus and targeting ligands.
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Villa N, Rahman MM, Mamola J, D’Isabella J, Goras E, Kilbourne J, Lowe K, Daggett-Vondras J, Torres L, Christie J, Appel N, Cox AL, Kim JB, McFadden G. Autologous Transplantation Using Donor Leukocytes Loaded Ex Vivo with Oncolytic Myxoma Virus Can Eliminate Residual Multiple Myeloma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:171-188. [PMID: 32695875 PMCID: PMC7364119 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of monoclonal plasma cells that remains incurable. Standard treatments for MM include myeloablative regimens and autologous cell transplantation for eligible patients. A major challenge of these treatments is the relapse of the disease due to residual MM in niches that become refractory to treatments. Therefore, novel therapies are needed in order to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD). Recently, our laboratory reported that virotherapy with oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) improved MM-free survival in an allogeneic transplant mouse model. In this study, we demonstrate the capacity of donor autologous murine leukocytes, pre-armed with MYXV, to eliminate MRD in a BALB/c MM model. We report that MYXV-armed bone marrow (BM) carrier leukocytes are therapeutically superior to MYXV-armed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or free virus. Importantly, when cured survivor mice were re-challenged with fresh myeloma cells, they developed immunity to the same MM that had comprised MRD. In vivo imaging demonstrated that autologous carrier cells armed with MYXV were very efficient at delivery of MYXV into the recipient tumor microenvironment. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with MYXV activates the secretion of pro-immune molecules from the tumor bed. These results highlight the utility of exploiting autologous leukocytes to enhance tumor delivery of MYXV to treat MRD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy.Y. Villa
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Masmudur M. Rahman
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Joseph. Mamola
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Julia D’Isabella
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goras
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Kenneth Lowe
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Juliane Daggett-Vondras
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Lino Torres
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - John Christie
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Nicole Appel
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Anna L. Cox
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jae B. Kim
- PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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Immunotherapy and Response Assessment in Malignant Glioma: Neuro-oncology Perspective. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 29:95-102. [PMID: 32271286 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain cancer and recurs uniformly. Despite aggressive treatment with maximal safe surgical resection, adjuvant radiation with temozolomide chemotherapy, and alternating electrical field therapy, median survival for newly diagnosed GBM remains <2 years. Novel therapies are desperately needed. Immunotherapy, which has led to significant improvement in patient outcomes across many tumor types, is currently being studied in a large number of GBM clinical trials. One of the biggest challenges in immunotherapy trials in GBM has been accurate response assessment using currently available imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for immunotherapy for GBM, immunotherapeutic modalities currently under clinical evaluation in GBM, and the challenges and recent advances in imaging response assessment in GBM immunotherapy.
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Abdou P, Wang Z, Chen Q, Chan A, Zhou DR, Gunadhi V, Gu Z. Advances in engineering local drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1632. [PMID: 32255276 PMCID: PMC7725287 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to leverage the immune system to suppress the growth of tumors and to inhibit metastasis. The recent promising clinical outcomes associated with cancer immunotherapy have prompted research and development efforts towards enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, cytokine therapy, and adoptive T cell therapy. Advancements in biomaterials, nanomedicine, and micro-/nano-technology have facilitated the development of enhanced local delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy, which can enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Furthermore, locally administered cancer therapies that combine immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or phototherapy have the potential to achieve synergistic antitumor effects. Herein, the latest studies on local delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are surveyed, with an emphasis on the therapeutic benefits associated with the design of biomaterials and nanomedicines. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Abdou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zejun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Amanda Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daojia R. Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vivienne Gunadhi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Cheng JT, Wang YY, Zhu LZ, Zhang Y, Cai WQ, Han ZW, Zhou Y, Wang XW, Peng XC, Xiang Y, Yang HY, Cui SZ, Ma Z, Liu BR, Xin HW. Novel transcription regulatory sequences and factors of the immune evasion protein ICP47 (US12) of herpes simplex viruses. Virol J 2020; 17:101. [PMID: 32650799 PMCID: PMC7377220 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause encephalitis. Its infected cell polypeptide 47 (ICP47), encoded by immediate-early gene US12, promotes immune escape. ICP47 was modified in the clinically approved oncolytic HSV (oHSV) T-Vec. However, transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) and transcription regulatory factor (TRF) of HSV US12 are seldom reported. METHODS Previously, our laboratory isolated a new HSV strain named HSV-1-LXMW from a male patient with oral herpes in Beijing, China. Firstly, the genetic tree was used to analyze its genetic relationship. The US12 TRS and TRF in HSV-1-LXMW were found by using predictive software. Secondly, the further verification by the multi-sequence comparative analysis shown that the upstream DNA sequence of HSV US12 gene contained the conserved region. Finally, the results of literature search shown that the expression of transcription factors was related to the tissue affinity of HSV-1 and HSV-2, so as to increase the new understanding of the transcriptional regulation of HSV biology and oncolytic virus (OVs) therapy. RESULTS Here we reported the transcriptional regulation region sequence of our new HSV-1-LXMW, and its close relationship with HSV-1-CR38 and HSV-1-17. Importantly we identified eight different kinds of novel TRSs and TRFs of HSV US12 for the first time, and found they are conserved among HSV-1 (c-Rel, Elk-1, Pax-4), HSV-2 (Oct-1, CF2-II, E74A, StuAp) or both HSVs (HNF-4). The TRFs c-Rel and Oct-1 are biologically functional respectively in immune escape and viral replication during HSV infection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have important implication to HSV biology, infection, immunity and oHSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Lin-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. 52, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Zi-Wen Han
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-Wang Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Yu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
| | - Bing-Rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Lianjiang People's Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, China.
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Cheng K, Kang Q, Zhao X. Biogenic nanoparticles as immunomodulator for tumor treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1646. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing China
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province College of Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing China
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69
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Mi R, Fan W, Ji J, Dong C, Jin G, Liu F. The enhanced efficacy of herpes simplex virus by lentivirus mediated VP22 and cytosine deaminase gene therapy against glioma. Brain Res 2020; 1743:146898. [PMID: 32439343 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the comprehensive treatment of surgery following by concurrent radiochemotherapy, the prognosis of malignant glioma remains unsatisfactory with an awful median survival time of only 12-18 months. This might be improved by the development of oncolytic herpes simplex virus. However, the biggest challenge of recombinant herpes simplex virus (rHSV) lies in their limited therapeutic efficiency in clinical trials. This study aims to enhance the efficacy of rHSV against glioma by a HSV-1 tegument protein VP22 modified cytosine deaminase/5-flurocytosine (CD/5-FC) suicide gene system. Stable glioma cell lines carrying CD or VP22-CD fusion gene were successfully obtained by lentiviral infection following Fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The lethal effect of the prodrug 5-FC was significantly increased in the transduced VP22-CD glioma cells compared to the transduced CD glioma cells. Interestingly, VP22 was found to elicit the enhanced efficacy of rHSV-1 against glioma. Furthermore, we detected a synergistic efficacy of rHSV-1 combined with lentivirus mediated VP22 and CD suicide gene therapy in the orthotopic glioma xenograft models. In conclusion, we successfully established the stable cell lines carrying VP22-CD fusion genes. The incorporation of VP22 further induced an enhanced efficacy of rHSV-1 as well as CD suicide gene therapy respectively and synthetically in vitro. Also, we demonstrated an increased therapeutic benefit of rHAV-1 by VP22 modified CD gene therapy against glioma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Mi
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Wenhua Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin Central Hospital for Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiayu Ji
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Chengyuan Dong
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Guishan Jin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China.
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PD-1 IC Inhibition Synergistically Improves Influenza A Virus-Mediated Oncolysis of Metastatic Pulmonary Melanoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:190-204. [PMID: 32346609 PMCID: PMC7178321 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that infection of primary lung tumor-bearing mice with oncolytic influenza A viruses (IAVs) led to strong virus-induced tumor cell lysis but also to restoration of immune competence of innate immune cells. Murine B16-F10 melanoma cells are known for their high lung tropism and progressive growth. As these cells are also highly permissive for IAVs, we analyzed their oncolytic and immunomodulatory efficiency against pulmonary B16-F10 lung metastases in vivo. IAV infection abrogated the melanoma-mediated immune suppression in the lung and induced a more than 50% cancer cell lysis. The oncolytic effect reached maximal efficacy 3 days post-infection, but it was not sustained over time. In order to maintain the virus-induced anti-tumor effect, mice with melanoma-derived lung cancers were treated in addition to influenza virus infection with an immune checkpoint inhibitor against programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1). The combined IAV and immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy resulted in a sustained anti-tumor efficacy, keeping the lung melanoma mass at day 12 of IAV infection still reduced by 50% over the control mice. In conclusion, ICI treatment strongly enhanced the oncolytic effect of influenza virus infection, suggesting that combined treatment is a promising approach against metastatic pulmonary melanoma.
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71
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Development of oncolytic virotherapy: from genetic modification to combination therapy. Front Med 2020; 14:160-184. [PMID: 32146606 PMCID: PMC7101593 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells. Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) with enhanced tumor targeting, antitumor efficacy, and safety have been generated, and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials. Combining OVT with other immunotherapies can remarkably enhance the antitumor efficacy. In this work, we review the use of wild-type viruses in OVT and the strategies for OV genetic modification. We also review and discuss the combinations of OVT with other immunotherapies.
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Oncolytic Virus Encoding a Master Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 12 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020400. [PMID: 32050597 PMCID: PMC7072539 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are genetically modified or naturally occurring viruses, which preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, and induce anti-tumor immunity. OV-induced tumor immunity can be enhanced through viral expression of anti-tumor cytokines such as interleukin 12 (IL-12). IL-12 is a potent anti-cancer agent that promotes T-helper 1 (Th1) differentiation, facilitates T-cell-mediated killing of cancer cells, and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Despite success in preclinical models, systemic IL-12 therapy is associated with significant toxicity in humans. Therefore, to utilize the therapeutic potential of IL-12 in OV-based cancer therapy, 25 different IL-12 expressing OVs (OV-IL12s) have been genetically engineered for local IL-12 production and tested preclinically in various cancer models. Among OV-IL12s, oncolytic herpes simplex virus encoding IL-12 (OHSV-IL12) is the furthest along in the clinic. IL-12 expression locally in the tumors avoids systemic toxicity while inducing an efficient anti-tumor immunity and synergizes with anti-angiogenic drugs or immunomodulators without compromising safety. Despite the rapidly rising interest, there are no current reviews on OV-IL12s that exploit their potential efficacy and safety to translate into human subjects. In this article, we will discuss safety, tumor-specificity, and anti-tumor immune/anti-angiogenic effects of OHSV-IL12 as mono- and combination-therapies. In addition to OHSV-IL12 viruses, we will also review other IL-12-expressing OVs and their application in cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators of cellular machinery that are commonly dysregulated in genitourinary malignancies. Accordingly, the investigation of lncRNAs is improving our understanding of genitourinary cancers, from development to progression and dissemination. lncRNAs are involved in major oncogenic events in genitourinary malignancies, including androgen receptor (AR) signalling in prostate cancer, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway activation in renal cell carcinoma and invasiveness in bladder cancer, as well as multiple other proliferation and survival mechanisms. In line with their putative oncogenic roles, new lncRNA-based classifications are emerging as potent predictors of prognosis. In clinical practice, detection of oncogenic lncRNAs in serum or urine might enable early cancer detection, and lncRNAs might also be promising therapeutic targets for patients with genitourinary cancer. Furthermore, as predictors of sensitivity to anticancer treatments, lncRNAs could be integrated into future precision medicine strategies. Overall, lncRNAs are promising new candidates for molecular studies and for discovery of innovative biomarkers and are putative therapeutic targets in genitourinary oncology.
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74
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Beiu C, Giurcaneanu C, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM, Popa LG, Mihai MM. Nanosystems for Improved Targeted Therapies in Melanoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020318. [PMID: 31979325 PMCID: PMC7073828 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with limited therapeutic options. Since its incidence has been rapidly rising in recent years, the study of new targeted therapeutic strategies has increased. The implication of nanoscience in the development of alternative targeted therapies for melanoma has multiple benefits and could significantly improve the outcome of melanoma patients. In this paper, we review the most recent progress in the field of targeted therapies, emphasizing the impact of nanoscale materials on the targeting and controlled release of anti-tumor drugs. The applications of nanomedicine in the management of melanoma are extensive and refer to sentinel lymph node mapping, chemotherapy, and RNA interference; each of these applications harboring the potential to develop efficient and personalized diagnostic techniques and therapies. Further research, especially in clinical trials, is needed to establish whether fighting melanoma on the nanoscale level represents the key to reaching a critical inflection point in mankind’s battle with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Beiu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (C.G.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Calin Giurcaneanu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (C.G.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-721-600-737
| | - Liliana Gabriela Popa
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (C.G.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Mara Mădălina Mihai
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology-“Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (C.G.); (L.G.P.)
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75
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Shahryari A, Saghaeian Jazi M, Mohammadi S, Razavi Nikoo H, Nazari Z, Hosseini ES, Burtscher I, Mowla SJ, Lickert H. Development and Clinical Translation of Approved Gene Therapy Products for Genetic Disorders. Front Genet 2019; 10:868. [PMID: 31608113 PMCID: PMC6773888 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of gene therapy is striving more than ever to define a path to the clinic and the market. Twenty gene therapy products have already been approved and over two thousand human gene therapy clinical trials have been reported worldwide. These advances raise great hope to treat devastating rare and inherited diseases as well as incurable illnesses. Understanding of the precise pathomechanisms of diseases as well as the development of efficient and specific gene targeting and delivery tools are revolutionizing the global market. Currently, human cancers and monogenic disorders are indications number one. The elevated prevalence of genetic disorders and cancers, clear gene manipulation guidelines and increasing financial support for gene therapy in clinical trials are major trends. Gene therapy is presently starting to become commercially profitable as a number of gene and cell-based gene therapy products have entered the market and the clinic. This article reviews the history and development of twenty approved human gene and cell-based gene therapy products that have been approved up-to-now in clinic and markets of mainly North America, Europe and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shahryari
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marie Saghaeian Jazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nazari
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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76
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Xia M, Luo D, Dong J, Zheng M, Meng G, Wu J, Wei J. Graphene oxide arms oncolytic measles virus for improved effectiveness of cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:408. [PMID: 31533779 PMCID: PMC6749703 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replication-competent oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been proven to be a potent anticancer weapon for clinical therapy. The preexisting neutralizing antibody in patients is a big challenge for oncolytic efficacy of OVs. Graphene oxide sheets (GOS) possess excellent biological compatibility and are easy to decorate for targeted delivery. METHODS We generated PEI-GOS-PEG-FA (Polyethyleneimine-Graphene oxide sheets-Polyethylene glycol-Folic acid). After intravenous injection, the distribution of PEI-GOS-PEG-FA in tumor-bearing mice was visualized by the IVIS Lumina XR system. Then, the oncolytic measles virus (MV-Edm) was coated with PEI-GOS-PEG-FA to form a viral-GOS complex (GOS/MV-Edm). The oncolytic effects of GOS/MV-Edm were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS GOS/MV-Edm exhibited higher infectivity and enhanced oncolysis. In tumor-bearing mice, GOS/MV-Edm had significantly elevated viral replication within the tumor mass, and achieved an improved antitumor effect. Then, we confirmed that GOS/MV-Edm entered cancer cells via the folate receptor instead of CD46, a natural cognate receptor of MV-Edm. GOS/MV-Edm remained the infectivity in murine cells that lack CD46. Finally, we found that GOS/MV-Edm was effectively protected from neutralization in the presence of antiserum both in vitro and in vivo. In passively antiserum immunized tumor-bearing mice, the survival was remarkably improved with intravenous injection of GOS/MV-Edm. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that GOS/MV-Edm displays significantly elevated viral replication within the tumor mass, leading to an improved antitumor effect in solid tumor mouse model. Our study provided a novel strategy to arm OVs for more efficient cancer therapy. That may become a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dongjun Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Meihong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gang Meng
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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77
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Zhang Y, Fang Z, Li R, Huang X, Liu Q. Design of Outer Membrane Vesicles as Cancer Vaccines: A New Toolkit for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091314. [PMID: 31500086 PMCID: PMC6769604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been extensively studied in recent years and have contributed to exceptional achievements in cancer treatment. They are some of the most newly developed vaccines, although only two are currently approved for use, Provenge and Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC). Despite the approval of these two vaccines, most vaccines have been terminated at the clinical trial stage, which indicates that although they are effective in theory, concerns still exist, including low antigenicity of targeting antigens and tumor heterogeneity. In recent years, with new understanding of the biological function and vaccine potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), their potential application in cancer vaccine design deserves our attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the mechanisms, advantages, and prospects of OMVs as antigen-carrier vaccines in cancer vaccine development. We believe that OMV-based vaccines present a safe and effective cancer therapeutic option with broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zheyan Fang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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78
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Zhou AY, Wang DY, McKee S, Ye F, Wen CC, Wallace DE, Ancell KK, Conry RM, Johnson DB. Correlates of response and outcomes with talimogene laherperpvec. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:558-564. [PMID: 31264725 PMCID: PMC7449595 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with in-transit or limited cutaneous metastatic melanoma may benefit from intralesional injections with talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC), a modified oncolytic herpesvirus. However, its use in patients with adverse prognostic scores in a real-life clinical setting has not been studied. METHODS We performed a two-center retrospective analysis of 40 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with TVEC from 2015-2017. Demographics, overall response, and survival after therapy were noted. RESULTS Overall, there was a durable response rate of 40%; median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.5 months and median overall survival (OS) was not reached. Bulky disease was associated with decreased OS (15.7 months vs not reached, P < .05) and mPFS (2.3 months vs not reached, P < .05), when compared with smaller tumors. Poor performance status (ECOG 2-3) was associated with worse OS (10.2 months vs not reached, P < .05) and PFS (2.1 months vs not reached, P < .05) compared to patients with ECOG 0-1. There was no difference in the outcomes with age greater than 75 or with prior therapies. Adverse events were relatively tolerable. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that TVEC is an effective and safe treatment for metastatic melanoma in a real-life clinical setting, and suggest parameters to aid in appropriate therapy selection for optimal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Svetlana McKee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chun-Che Wen
- Department of Biostatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Debbie E Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristin K Ancell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert M Conry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Fu LQ, Wang SB, Cai MH, Wang XJ, Chen JY, Tong XM, Chen XY, Mou XZ. Recent advances in oncolytic virus-based cancer therapy. Virus Res 2019; 270:197675. [PMID: 31351879 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Administration of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is an emerging anticancer strategy that exploits the lytic nature of viral replication to enhance the killing of malignant cells. OVs can be used as tools to directly induce cancer cell death and to trigger local and/or systemic immune responses to metastatic cancer in vivo. The effectiveness of OV therapy was initially highlighted by the clinical use of the genetically modified herpes virus, talimogene laherparepvec, for melanoma therapy. A number of OVs are now being evaluated as potential treatments for cancer in clinical trials. In spite of being engineered to specifically target tumor cells, the safety and off-target effects of OV therapy are a concern. The potential safety concerns of OVs are highlighted by current clinical trial criteria, which exclude individuals harbouring other viral infections and people who are immunocompromised. Despite the potential for adverse effects, clinical trials to date revealed relatively minimal adverse immune-related effects, such as fever. With advances in our understanding of virus replication cycles, several novel OVs have emerged. Reverse genetic systems have facilitated the insertion of anticancer genes into a range of OVs to further enhance their tumor-killing capacity. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in OV therapy for a range of human cancers in in vitro and in in vivo animal studies. We further discuss the future of OVs as a therapeutic strategy for a range of life-threatening cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Qin Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Chun'an First People's Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 21513, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mao-Hua Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chun'an First People's Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chun'an First People's Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Yang Chen
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Healthfuture Institute For Cell-Based Applied Technology, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Min Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Barber FD. Adverse Events of Oncologic Immunotherapy and Their Management. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2019; 6:212-226. [PMID: 31259216 PMCID: PMC6518984 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for patients with cancer. However, newer versions of immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, may be associated with unusual adverse effects (AEs) that can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Unlike common AEs of conventional chemotherapy, which have a predictable nadir or cyclic pattern after administration, AEs of these newer immunotherapies are variable, depending on the type of immunotherapy, route of administration, and mechanism of action. The onset and resolution of these AEs may be present at any time, during administration of treatment, a few weeks after administration of treatment, or several months after completion of treatment. Therefore, improving outcomes in patients undergoing oncologic immunotherapy requires oncology nurses' knowledge and understanding of various immunotherapy agents, as well as early recognition and management of potential AEs, especially AEs associated with checkpoint inhibitors and other therapies that manipulate T-cell activation causing autoimmune toxicity. This article draws upon current evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and expert consensus guidelines to provide a brief overview of common immunotherapies used in cancer and management of their associated AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedricker Diane Barber
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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81
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Shao X, Wang X, Guo X, Jiang K, Ye T, Chen J, Fang J, Gu L, Wang S, Zhang G, Meng S, Xu Q. STAT3 Contributes To Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:436. [PMID: 31192135 PMCID: PMC6548873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potent inducers of immunogenic cell death (ICD), releasing danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that induce potent anticancer immunity. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been shown to educe ICD in both glioma and lung cancer cells. The objective of this study is to investigate whether oncolytic NDV induces ICD in melanoma cells and how it is regulated. Methods: Various time points were actuated to check the expression and release of ICD markers induced by NDV strain, NDV/FMW in melanoma cell lines. The expression and release of ICD markers induced by oncolytic NDV strain, NDV/FMW, in melanoma cell lines at various time points were determined. Surface-exposed calreticulin (CRT) was inspected by confocal imaging. The supernatants of NDV/FMW infected cells were collected and concentrated for the determination of ATP secretion by ELISA, HMGB1, and HSP70/90 expression by immunoblot (IB) analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ER Stress, and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) was achieved by treatment with small molecule inhibitors. Melanoma cell lines stably depleted of STAT3 were established with lentiviral constructs. Supernatants from NDV-infected cells were intratumorally injected to mice bearing melanoma cells-derived tumors. Results: Oncolytic NDV induced CRT exposure, the release of HMGB1 and HSP70/90 as well as secretion of ATP in melanoma cells. Inhibition of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis or ER stress attenuated NDV/FMW-induced release of HMGB1 and HSP70/90. Moreover, NDV/FMW-induced ICD markers in melanoma cells were also suppressed by either treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor or shRNA-mediated depletion of STAT3. Of translational importance, treatment of mice bearing melanoma cells-derived tumors with supernatants from NDV/FMW-infected cells significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: Our data authenticate that oncolytic NDV/FMW might be a potent inducer of ICD in melanoma cells, which is amalgamated with several forms of cell death. We also show that STAT3 plays a role in NDV/FMW-induced ICD in melanoma cells. Together, our data highlight oncolytic NDV as propitious for cancer therapeutics by stimulatingan anti-melanoma immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Ye
- Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Juemin Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Linaer Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central laboratory, Cancer School of Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Songshu Meng
- Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenths People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, TongJi University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Molecular background of skin melanoma development and progression: therapeutic implications. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:129-138. [PMID: 31320844 PMCID: PMC6627250 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.84590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with an increasing number of cases worldwide and curable mostly in its early stage. The improvement in patients' survival in advanced melanoma has been achieved only recently, due to development of new biological drugs for targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Further progress in the treatment of melanoma is clearly dependent on the better understanding of its complex biology. This review describes the most important molecular mechanisms and genetic events underlying skin melanoma development and progression, depicts the way of action of newly developed drugs and indicates new potential therapeutic targets.
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83
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Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Roy DG, Aitken AS, El Sayes N, Martin NT, Varette O, Falls T, St-Germain LE, Pelin A, Lichty BD, Stojdl DF, Ungerechts G, Diallo JS, Bell JC. Neoadjuvant oncolytic virotherapy before surgery sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to immune checkpoint therapy. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/422/eaao1641. [PMID: 29298865 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease for which treatment options are limited and associated with severe toxicities. Immunotherapeutic approaches like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a potential strategy, but clinical trials have demonstrated limited success in this patient cohort. Clinical studies using ICIs have revealed that patients with preexisting anticancer immunity are the most responsive. Given that oncolytic viruses (OVs) induce antitumor immunity, we investigated their use as an ICI-sensitizing approach. Using a therapeutic model that mimics the course of treatment for women with newly diagnosed TNBC, we demonstrate that early OV treatment coupled with surgical resection provides long-term benefits. OV therapy sensitizes otherwise refractory TNBC to immune checkpoint blockade, preventing relapse in most of the treated animals. We suggest that OV therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade warrants testing as a neoadjuvant treatment option in the window of opportunity between TNBC diagnosis and surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Dominic Guy Roy
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Amelia Sadie Aitken
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nader El Sayes
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nikolas Tim Martin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Oliver Varette
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Theresa Falls
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
| | | | - Adrian Pelin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Brian Dennis Lichty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - David Francis Stojdl
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
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84
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Viral oncolytic immunotherapy in the war on cancer: Infection control considerations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019; 40:350-354. [PMID: 30767816 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viral immunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality for cancer that exploits in vivo replication and other viral properties to enhance immune killing of malignant cells. The potential for horizontal transmission of native or engineered oncolytic viruses creates several unique infection control challenges. In 2015, talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) became the first agent in this class to gain FDA approval for treatment of melanoma, and several others are being developed. Although some data on the transmissibility of TVEC are available from clinical studies, the aftermarket or real-world experience remains limited. We conducted a PUBMED-based search of the medical literature focusing on the safety and risk of TVEC transmission to close contacts including healthcare workers. The findings are summarized in this review and are intended to provide infection preventionists with practical guidance on handling issues related to administration and care of patients receiving TVEC. Additionally, we describe the current mechanism for evaluating the risk related to similar new agents entering clinical trials at our institution. Development of standarized approaches for the safe administration and precautions for ongoing care, especially in immunocompromised patients, are essential to support the broad adoption of this novel therapy.
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85
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Feng F, Zhao J, Li P, Li R, Chen L, Sun C. Preexisting Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes-Mediated Enhancement of Adenovirus Infections to Human Blood CD14+ Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020154. [PMID: 30781810 PMCID: PMC6409799 DOI: 10.3390/v11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific T lymphocytes play a critical role in controlling viral infections. However, we report here that preexisting virus-specific T cell responses also contribute to promoting adenovirus (Ad) infection. Previously, we found that CD14+ monocytes from Ad-seropositive individuals exhibited an increased susceptibility to Ad infection, when compared with that of Ad-seronegative individuals. But the underlying mechanisms for this enhancement of viral infection are not completely clarified. In this study, we found that the efficacy of Ad infection into CD14+ monocytes was significantly decreased after CD3+ T lymphocytes depletion from PBMC samples of Ad-seropositive individuals. In contrast, adding virus-specific CD3+ T lymphocytes into PBMC samples of Ad-seronegative individuals resulted in a significant increase of infection efficacy. CD3+ T lymphocytes in PBMC samples from Ad-seropositive individuals were more sensitive to be activated by adenovirus stimulus, characterized by upregulation of multiple cytokines and activation markers and also enhancement of cell proliferation. Further studies demonstrated that GM-CSF and IL-4 can promote Ad infection by up-regulating the expression of scavenger receptor 1 (SR-A) and integrins αVβ5 receptor of CD14+ cells. And taken together, these results suggest a novel role of virus-specific T cells in mediating enhancement of viral infection, and provide insights to understand the pathogenesis and complicated interactions between viruses and host immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Feng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Ruiting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 518107, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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86
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Wang Y, Zhou X, Wu Z, Hu H, Jin J, Hu Y, Dong Y, Zou J, Mao Z, Shi X, Huo Y, Lyu J, Fang Z, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Li B, Liu B. Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:651-660. [PMID: 30499341 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a new and safe therapeutic strategy based on the inherent cytotoxicity of oncolytic viruses and their ability to replicate and spread within tumors in a selective manner. In a previous study, a new type of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 (oHSV-2, named OH2) was constructed to treat human cancers. That study demonstrated that OH2 is genetically and biologically stable. Its antitumor activity was maintained, even after passaging the virus for >20 generations. To advance OH2 into a clinical trial, a systematic preclinical safety evaluation was performed, which included: an acute toxicity test of OH2 in BALB/c mice; repeated dose toxicity tests of OH2 in BALB/c mice and cynomolgus monkeys; and biodistribution assays of OH2 in BALB/c mice, tumor-bearing mice, tumor-bearing nude mice, and cynomolgus monkeys. The results of this preclinical safety evaluation of OH2 indicate that OH2 is safe and suitable for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- 1 National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Centre of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- 2 National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- 1 National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Centre of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Han Hu
- 1 National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Centre of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- 1 National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Centre of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Hu
- 2 National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Dong
- 3 Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- 3 Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zeyong Mao
- 3 Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotai Shi
- 3 Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huo
- 2 National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Lyu
- 2 National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhizheng Fang
- 3 Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- 4 National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pekin Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- 4 National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pekin Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- 2 National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Binlei Liu
- 1 National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Centre of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,3 Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China
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87
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Belgrano V, Pettersson J, Nilsson JA, Mattsson J, Katsarelias D, Olofsson Bagge R. Response and Toxicity of Repeated Isolated Limb Perfusion (re-ILP) for Patients With In-Transit Metastases of Malignant Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1055-1062. [PMID: 30617871 PMCID: PMC6399180 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-07143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a safe and well-established treatment for in-transit metastases of melanoma. In case of relapse or disease progression, ILP can be repeated (re-ILP). This study aimed retrospectively to analyze a large consecutive series of re-ILP and compare clinical outcomes with first-time ILP. METHOD Between 2001 and 2015, 290 consecutive patients underwent 380 ILPs. Of these, 90 were re-ILPs including 68 second ILPs, 16 third ILPs, 4 fourth ILPs, and two fifth ILPs. The study evaluated response (using World Health Organization [WHO] criteria), local toxicity (using the Wieberdink scale), and complications (using Clavien-Dindo). RESULTS The results were compared between the first ILP, the second ILP, and the third to fifth ILP. The overall response rate was respectively 83%, 80% and 68%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 60%, 41%, and 59%. In the re-ILP group, the patients with a CR after the first ILP had a 65% CR rate after the second ILP compared with 8% for the patients without a CR (p = 0.001). The risk for local toxicity or complications was not increased after re-ILP. The median overall survival periods were respectively 34, 41, and 93 months (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION As a therapeutic option, ILP can be repeated safely for in-transit metastases of melanoma, achieving similar high response rates without increasing complications or toxicity. Re-ILP is mainly indicated for patients who already had a CR after the first ILP, whereas other treatment options should be considered for primary non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Belgrano
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Pettersson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Mattsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Katsarelias
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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88
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Filipić B, Stojić-Vukanić Z. Active immunotherapy of cancer: An overview of therapeutic vaccines. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1906490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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89
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Hao J, Xie W, Li H, Li R. Prostate Cancer-Specific of DD3-driven Oncolytic Virus-harboring mK5 Gene. Open Med (Wars) 2018; 14:1-9. [PMID: 30613790 PMCID: PMC6310915 DOI: 10.1515/med-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in Western male population. In this study, we insert mK5 (the mutational kringle5 of human plasminogen) into a DD3-promoted (differential display code 3) oncolytic adenovirus to construct OncoAd.mK5.DD3. E1A.dE1B, briefly, OAd.DD3.mK5. DD3 is one of the most prostate cancer specific promoters which can transcriptionally control adenoviral replication. mK5 has been proved to be able to inhibit the tumor angiogenesis and inhibit cell proliferation. Our results suggested that targeting PCa with OAd.DD3.mK5 elicited strong antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Hao
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang SciTech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang SciTech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Yuansong biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
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90
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Racz JM, Block MS, Baum CL, Jakub JW. Management of local or regional non‐nodal disease. J Surg Oncol 2018; 119:187-199. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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91
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Bregeon B, Nguyen JM, Varey E, Quereux G, Saint-Jean M, Peuvrel L, Khammari A, Dreno B. Positive margins after surgical excision of locoregional cutaneous melanoma metastasis and their impact on patient outcome. Eur J Dermatol 2018; 28:661-667. [PMID: 30378546 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2018.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For melanoma patients, surgery is a standard treatment for locoregional skin metastasis (LSM). To assess the frequency and risk factors for positive margins after excision of LSM and their impact on patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A monocentric, retrospective observational study was performed including 87 patients with LSM who had undergone surgical excision. Positive margins were found in 45% of patients after excision. After additional excision, 28% of patients still had positive margins. Interestingly, there was no difference in PFS or OS for clear margins after the first or additional excision or for margins that remained positive without additional excision. LSM size was the only identified predictive factor for positive margins. This is the first reported study investigating the frequency of, and risk factors for positive margins of cutaneous LSM, which raises the question of whether additional excision should be performed following positive margin excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bregeon
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Nguyen
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, PIMESP-SEB, Saint-Jacques Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Varey
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, Service de dermatologie, CIC 1413, CRCINA INSERM 1232, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gaelle Quereux
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, Service de dermatologie, CIC 1413, CRCINA INSERM 1232, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Saint-Jean
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, Service de dermatologie, CIC 1413, CRCINA INSERM 1232, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lucie Peuvrel
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, Service de dermatologie, CIC 1413, CRCINA INSERM 1232, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, Service de dermatologie, CIC 1413, CRCINA INSERM 1232, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Service de dermatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France, Service de dermatologie, CIC 1413, CRCINA INSERM 1232, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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92
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Hu J, Wang H, Gu J, Liu X, Zhou X. Trail armed oncolytic poxvirus suppresses lung cancer cell by inducing apoptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1018-1027. [PMID: 30137199 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high morbidity rate worldwide and is often resistant to therapy. Oncolytic virus therapy is a developing trend for cancer treatment. Thus, we constructed an oncolytic poxvirus carrying human trail gene that expresses a membrane-binding tumor necrosis factor and associated apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL, Oncopox-trail). We hypothesized that the expression of trail would increase the efficacy of the oncolytic poxvirus. The effect of the TRAIL protein depends on the death receptors on the surface of different cancer cells. The expression of death receptors in lung cancer cell lines was analyzed by western blot analysis. In vitro, the oncolytic poxvirus carrying the trail gene displayed a better cytotoxicity at the cell level in the lung cancer cell line than that carrying the Oncopox-empty. TRAIL protein mainly induced apoptosis and inhibited necrosis. In vivo, two transplanted tumor models of human A549 lung cancer cells and mouse Lewis lung cancer cells were used to verify the anti-cancer effect of the oncolytic poxvirus carrying the trail gene. TUNEL staining results of the tumor histological sections also verified the anti-cancer effect. Similarly, through systemic administration of Oncopox-trail, the oncolytic poxvirus also exhibited anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Hu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Xin-yuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfa Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Xin-yuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Xin-yuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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93
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy approaches have emerged as novel treatment regimens against cancer. A particularly interesting avenue is the concept of in situ vaccination, where immunostimulatory agents are introduced into an identified tumor to overcome local immunosuppression and, if successful, mount systemic antitumor immunity. We had previously shown that nanoparticles from cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) are highly potent in inducing long-lasting antitumor immunity when used as an in situ vaccine in various tumor mouse models. Here we asked whether the nanoparticles from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) could also be applied as an in situ vaccine and, if so, whether efficacy or mechanism of immune-activation would be affected by the nanoparticle size (300 × 18 nm native TMV vs 50 × 18 nm short TMV nanorods), shape (nanorods vs spherical TMV, termed SNP), or state of assembly (assembled TMV rod vs free coat protein, CP). Our studies indicate that CPMV, but less so TMV, elicits potent antitumor immunity after intratumoral treatment of dermal melanoma (B16F10 using C57BL/6 mice). TMV and TMVshort slowed tumor growth and increased survival time, however, at significantly lower potency compared to that of CPMV. There were no apparent differences between TMV, TMVshort, or the SNP indicating that the aspect ratio does not necessarily play a role in plant viral in situ vaccines. The free CPs did not elicit an antitumor response or immunostimulation, which may indicate that a multivalent assembly is required to trigger an innate immune recognition and activation. Differential potency of CPMV vs TMV can be explained with differences in immune-activation: data indicate that CPMV stimulates an antitumor response through recruitment of monocytes into the tumor microenvironment (TME), establishing signaling through the IFN-γ pathway, which also leads to recruitment of tumor-infiltrated neutrophils (TINs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, the priming of the innate immune system also mounts an adaptive response with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment and establishment of effector memory cells. While the TMV treatment also lead to the recruitment of innate immune cells as well as T cells (although to a lesser degree), key differences were noted in cyto/chemokine profiling with TMV inducing a potent immune response early on characterized by strong pro-inflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-6. Together, data indicate that some plant viral nanotechnology platforms are more suitable for application as in situ vaccines than others; understanding the intricate differences and underlying mechanism of immune-activation may set the stage for clinical development of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth University, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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94
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Chen CY, Hutzen B, Wedekind MF, Cripe TP. Oncolytic virus and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade combination therapy. Oncolytic Virother 2018; 7:65-77. [PMID: 30105219 PMCID: PMC6074764 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s145532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are lytic for many types of cancers but are attenuated or replication-defective in normal tissues. Aside from tumor lysis, oncolytic viruses can induce host immune responses against cancer cells and may thus be viewed as a form of immunotherapy. Although recent successes with checkpoint inhibitors have shown that enhancing antitumor immunity can be effective, the dynamic nature of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment presents significant hurdles to the broader application of these therapies. Targeting one immune-suppressive pathway may not be sufficient to eliminate tumors. Here we focus on the development of the combination of oncolytic virotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors designed to target the programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 signaling axis. We also discuss future directions for the clinical application of this novel combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital,
| | - Brian Hutzen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital,
| | - Mary F Wedekind
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, .,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, .,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,
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95
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Lanitis E, Dangaj D, Irving M, Coukos G. Mechanisms regulating T-cell infiltration and activity in solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:xii18-xii32. [PMID: 29045511 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphocytes play a critical role in cancer immunity as evidenced by their presence in resected tumor samples derived from long-surviving patients, and impressive clinical responses to various immunotherapies that reinvigorate them. Indeed, tumors can upregulate a wide array of defense mechanisms, both direct and indirect, to suppress the ability of Tcells to reach the tumor bed and mount curative responses upon infiltration. In addition, patient and tumor genetics, previous antigenic experience, and the microbiome, are all important factors in shaping the T-cell repertoire and sensitivity to immunotherapy. Here, we review the mechanisms that regulate T-cell homing, infiltration, and activity within the solid tumor bed. Finally, we summarize different immunotherapies and combinatorial treatment strategies that enable the immune system to overcome barriers for enhanced tumor control and improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lanitis
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges
| | - D Dangaj
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges
| | - M Irving
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges
| | - G Coukos
- The Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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96
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Regional therapies for locoregionally advanced and unresectable melanoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:495-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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97
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Pelin A, Wang J, Bell J, Le Boeuf F. The importance of imaging strategies for pre-clinical and clinical in vivo distribution of oncolytic viruses. Oncolytic Virother 2018; 7:25-35. [PMID: 29637059 PMCID: PMC5880516 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s137159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emergent and unique therapy for cancer patients. Similar to chemo- and radiation therapy, OV can lyse (kill) cancer cell directly. In general, the advantages of OVs over other treatments are primarily: a higher safety profile (as shown by less adverse effects), ability to replicate, transgene(s) delivery, and stimulation of a host’s immune system against cancer. The latter has prompted successful use of OVs with other immunotherapeutic strategies in a synergistic manner. In spite of extended testing in pre-clinical and clinical setting, using biologically derived therapeutics like virus always raises potential concerns about safety (replication at non-intended locations) and bio-availability of the product. Recent advent in in vivo imaging techniques dramatically improves the convenience of use, quality of pictures, and amount of information acquired. Easy assessing of safety/localization of the biotherapeutics like OVs became a new potential weapon in the physician’s arsenal to improve treatment outcome. Given that OVs are typically replicating, in vivo imaging can also track virus replication and persistence as well as precisely mapping tumor tissues presence. This review discusses the importance of imaging in vivo in evaluating OV efficacy, as well as currently available tools and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Pelin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jiahu Wang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Genvira Biosciences, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Bell
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Conry RM, Westbrook B, McKee S, Norwood TG. Talimogene laherparepvec: First in class oncolytic virotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:839-846. [PMID: 29420123 PMCID: PMC5893211 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1412896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent a novel drug class in which native or modified viruses mediate tumor regression through selective replication within and lysis of tumor cells as well as induction of systemic antitumor immunity capable of eradicating tumor at distant, uninjected sites. Talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) is a type I herpes simplex virus genetically modified to preferentially replicate in tumor cells, enhance antigen loading of MHC class I molecules and express granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to increase tumor-antigen presentation by dendritic cells. It is presently the only oncolytic virus approved by the FDA with an indication for advanced melanoma based upon improved durable response rate in a randomized, phase III trial. Clinical trials are underway in melanoma investigating TVEC as neoadjuvant monotherapy and in combination with checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable disease as well as in an array of other malignancies. It is appropriate to review TVEC's biology mechanism of action, clinical indication and future directions as a prototype of the burgeoning class of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Conry
- a Medicine/Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Brian Westbrook
- b Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Svetlana McKee
- a Medicine/Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Intravenous injections of the oncolytic virus M1 as a novel therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:274. [PMID: 29449555 PMCID: PMC5833719 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with low survival and high recurrence rates even in cases in which patients receive systemic treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy. Here, we found that a naturally existing alphavirus, namely, M1, selectively kills bladder cancer cells but not normal cells, findings supported by our observations of changes in viral replication and MIBC and patient-derived MIBC cell apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are expressed at low levels in sensitive bladder cancer cells and high levels in resistant cells. Knocking down ZC3HAV1 (ZAP), an antiviral factor in ISGs, restores M1 virus reactivity in resistant cells, and overexpressing ZAP partially reverses M1 virus-induced decreases in cell viability in sensitive cells. In orthotopic MIBC mice, tail vein injections of M1 significant inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival period, antitumor effects of M1 are stronger than those of the first-line chemotherapy agent cisplatin (CDDP). Treated tumors display enhanced cleaved-caspase-3 signals, which are representative of cell apoptosis, and decreased Ki-67 signals, which are representative of cell proliferation. Moreover, tissue microarray (TMA) analyses of clinical tumor specimens revealed that up to 45.6% of cases of MIBC presented with low ZAP expression, a finding that is prevalent in advanced MIBC. Our results indicate that the oncolytic virus M1 is a novel agent capable of functioning as a precise and effective therapy for MIBC.
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