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Wang HL, Sun ZO, Rehman RU, Wang H, Wang YF, Wang H. Rosemary Extract-Mediated Lifespan Extension and Attenuated Oxidative Damage inDrosophila melanogasterFed on High-Fat Diet. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1006-1011. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Zhen-ou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Rizwan-ur Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Biological Engineering; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yi-fei Wang
- College of Biological Engineering; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
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Hudson NJ, Bottje WG, Hawken RJ, Kong B, Okimoto R, Reverter A. Mitochondrial metabolism: a driver of energy utilisation and product quality? ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an17322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High feed efficiency is a very desirable production trait as it positively influences resource utilisation, profitability and environmental considerations, albeit at the possible expense of product quality. The modern broiler is arguably the most illustrative model species as it has been transformed over the past half century into an elite feed converter. Some producers are currently reporting that 42-day-old birds gain 1 kg of wet weight for every 1.35 kg of dry weight consumed. Its large breast muscle is exclusively composed of large, low mitochondrial-content Type IIB fibres, which may contribute to low maintenance costs and high efficiency. In an effort to gain a better understanding of individual variation in chicken feed efficiency, our group has been exploring the biology of the mitochondrion at multiple levels of organisation. The mitochondrion is the organelle where much biochemical energy transformation occurs in the cell. Using Cobb-Vantress industrial birds as our primary experimental resource, we have explored the tissue content, structure and function of the mitochondrion and its relationship to growth, development, efficiency and genetic background. While much remains to be understood, recent highlights include (1) variation in muscle mitochondrial content that is associated with performance phenotypes, (2) altered muscle mitochondrial gene and protein expression in birds differing in feed efficiency, (3) variation in isolated mitochondrial function in birds differing in feed efficiency and (4) evidence for an unexpected role for the mitochondrially localised progesterone receptor in altering bird muscle metabolism. Mitochondrial function is largely conserved across the vertebrates, so the same metabolic principles appear to apply to the major production species, whether monogastric or ruminant. A speculative role for the mitochondria in aspects of meat quality and in influencing postmortem anaerobic metabolism will conclude the manuscript.
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Fazzari M, Khoo NKH, Woodcock SR, Jorkasky DK, Li L, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA. Nitro-fatty acid pharmacokinetics in the adipose tissue compartment. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:375-385. [PMID: 27913584 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic nitro-FAs (NO2-FAs) promote adaptive and anti-inflammatory cell signaling responses as a result of an electrophilic character that supports posttranslational protein modifications. A unique pharmacokinetic profile is expected for NO2-FAs because of an ability to undergo reversible reactions including Michael addition with cysteine-containing proteins and esterification into complex lipids. Herein, we report via quantitative whole-body autoradiography analysis of rats gavaged with radiolabeled 10-nitro-[14C]oleic acid, preferential accumulation in adipose tissue over 2 weeks. To better define the metabolism and incorporation of NO2-FAs and their metabolites in adipose tissue lipids, adipocyte cultures were supplemented with 10-nitro-oleic acid (10-NO2-OA), nitro-stearic acid, nitro-conjugated linoleic acid, and nitro-linolenic acid. Then, quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed on adipocyte neutral and polar lipid fractions, both before and after acid hydrolysis of esterified FAs. NO2-FAs preferentially incorporated in monoacyl- and diacylglycerides, while reduced metabolites were highly enriched in triacylglycerides. This differential distribution profile was confirmed in vivo in the adipose tissue of NO2-OA-treated mice. This pattern of NO2-FA deposition lends new insight into the unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic actions that could be expected for this chemically-reactive class of endogenous signaling mediators and synthetic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | | | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Reactive oxygen species and calcium signals in skeletal muscle: A crosstalk involved in both normal signaling and disease. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kim H, Kang H, Heo RW, Jeon BT, Yi CO, Shin HJ, Kim J, Jeong SY, Kwak W, Kim WH, Kang SS, Roh GS. Caloric restriction improves diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by attenuating neurogranin-associated calcium signaling in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1098-110. [PMID: 26661177 PMCID: PMC4908619 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15606724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced cognitive decline has been recognized in human patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and mouse model of obesity, but the underlying mechanisms or therapeutic targets are not clearly identified. We investigated the effect of caloric restriction on diabetes-induced memory deficits and searched a molecular mechanism of caloric restriction-mediated neuroprotection. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 40 weeks and RNA-seq analysis was performed in the hippocampus of high-fat diet-fed mice. To investigate caloric restriction effect on differential expression of genes, mice were fed high-fat diet for 20 weeks and continued on high-fat diet or subjected to caloric restriction (2 g/day) for 12 weeks. High-fat diet-fed mice exhibited insulin resistance, glial activation, blood-brain barrier leakage, and memory deficits, in that we identified neurogranin, a down-regulated gene in high-fat diet-fed mice using RNA-seq analysis; neurogranin regulates Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent synaptic function. Caloric restriction increased insulin sensitivity, reduced high-fat diet-induced blood-brain barrier leakage and glial activation, and improved memory deficit. Furthermore, caloric restriction reversed high-fat diet-induced expression of neurogranin and the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and calpain as well as the downstream effectors. Our results suggest that neurogranin is an important factor of high-fat diet-induced memory deficits on which caloric restriction has a therapeutic effect by regulating neurogranin-associated calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rok Won Heo
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Tak Jeon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Chin-Ok Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Miotto PM, Frendo-Cumbo S, Sacco SM, Wright DC, Ward WE, Holloway GP. Combined high-fat-resveratrol diet and RIP140 knockout mice reveal a novel relationship between elevated bone mitochondrial content and compromised bone microarchitecture, bone mineral mass, and bone strength in the tibia. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1994-2007. [PMID: 27006200 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE While resveratrol (RSV) is associated with the prevention of high-fat (HF) diet-induced insulin resistance, the effects on bone health combined with an HF-diet is unknown. Therefore, we determined the effect of RSV on bone microarchitecture in the presence of an HF-diet, while also elucidating molecular adaptations within bone that could contribute to bone health status. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL6 mice were provided control (10% fat) or HF-diet (60% fat) in the presence or absence of RSV for 12 weeks. While RSV prevented HF diet-induced glucose intolerance, HF-RSV compromised tibial microarchitecture, mineral mass, and strength. The compromised outcomes following HF-RSV corresponded with higher markers of osteoclast-activation and bone-resorption (decreased OPG/RANKL ratio; increased cathepsin K), as well as higher markers of tibial mitochondrial content. A molecular model of elevated mitochondrial content (RIP140 knock out (KO) mice) was utilized to determine proof-of-principle that increasing mitochondrial content coincides with decrements in bone health. RIP140 KO mice displayed higher markers of mitochondrial content, and similar to HF-RSV, had compromised bone microarchitecture, lower BMD/strength, and higher markers of osteoclast-activation/bone-resorption. CONCLUSION These data show that in the presence of an HF-diet, RSV negatively alters bone health, a process associated with increased mitochondrial content and markers of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Miotto
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology and Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology and Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated hyperinsulinaemia can promote the development of a specific form of cardiomyopathy that is independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, this form of cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed nations, and the prevalence of this condition is rising in parallel with increases in the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of note, female patients seem to be particularly susceptible to the development of this complication of metabolic disease. The diabetic cardiomyopathy observed in insulin- resistant or hyperinsulinaemic states is characterized by impaired myocardial insulin signalling, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impaired calcium homeostasis, abnormal coronary microcirculation, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and maladaptive immune responses. These pathophysiological changes result in oxidative stress, fibrosis, hypertrophy, cardiac diastolic dysfunction and eventually systolic heart failure. This Review highlights a surge in diabetic cardiomyopathy research, summarizes current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning this condition and explores potential preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, D109 Diabetes Center HSC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, D109 Diabetes Center HSC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, D109 Diabetes Center HSC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
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Tominaga T, Dutta RK, Joladarashi D, Doi T, Reddy JK, Kanwar YS. Transcriptional and Translational Modulation of myo-Inositol Oxygenase (Miox) by Fatty Acids: IMPLICATIONS IN RENAL TUBULAR INJURY INDUCED IN OBESITY AND DIABETES. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1348-67. [PMID: 26578517 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is one of the target organs for various metabolic diseases, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Most of the metabolic studies underscore glomerular pathobiology, although the tubulo-interstitial compartment has been underemphasized. This study highlights mechanisms concerning the pathobiology of tubular injury in the context of myo-inositol oxygenase (Miox), a tubular enzyme. The kidneys of mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) had increased Miox expression and activity, and the latter was related to phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues. Also, expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein1 (Srebp1) and markers of cellular/nuclear damage was increased along with accentuated apoptosis and loss of tubular brush border. Similar results were observed in cells treated with palmitate/BSA. Multiple sterol-response elements and E-box motifs were found in the miox promoter, and its activity was modulated by palmitate/BSA. Electrophoretic mobility and ChIP assays confirmed binding of Srebp to consensus sequences of the miox promoter. Exposure of palmitate/BSA-treated cells to rapamycin normalized Miox expression and prevented Srebp1 nuclear translocation. In addition, rapamycin treatment reduced p53 expression and apoptosis. Like rapamycin, srebp siRNA reduced Miox expression. Increased expression of Miox was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in kidney tubules of mice fed an HFD and cell exposed to palmitate/BSA. Both miox and srebp1 siRNAs reduced generation of ROS. Collectively, these findings suggest that HFD or fatty acids modulate transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation of Miox expression/activity and underscore Miox being a novel target of the transcription factor Srebp1. Conceivably, activation of the mTORC1/Srebp1/Miox pathway leads to the generation of ROS culminating into tubulo-interstitial injury in states of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tominaga
- From the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Rajesh K Dutta
- From the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- From the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Toshio Doi
- the Department of Nephrology, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Janardan K Reddy
- From the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- From the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
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Hara H, Taniguchi M, Kobayashi M, Kamiya T, Adachi T. Plasma-activated medium-induced intracellular zinc liberation causes death of SH-SY5Y cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 584:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Munusamy S, do Carmo JM, Hosler JP, Hall JE. Obesity-induced changes in kidney mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the presence or absence of leptin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F731-43. [PMID: 26290368 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00188.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated obesity-induced changes in kidney lipid accumulation, mitochondrial function, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the absence of hypertension, and the potential role of leptin in modulating these changes. We compared two normotensive genetic mouse models of obesity, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and hyperleptinemic melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice (LoxTB MC4R-/-), with their respective lean controls. Compared with controls, ob/ob and LoxTB MC4R-/- mice exhibit significant albuminuria, increased creatinine clearance, and high renal triglyceride content. Renal ATP levels were decreased in both obesity models, and mitochondria isolated from both models showed alterations that would lower mitochondrial ATP production. Mitochondria from hyperleptinemic LoxTB MC4R-/- mice kidneys respired NADH-generating substrates (including palmitate) at lower rates due to an apparent decrease in complex I activity, and these mitochondria showed oxidative damage. Kidney mitochondria of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice showed normal rates of respiration with no evidence of oxidative damage, but electron transfer was partially uncoupled from ATP synthesis. A fourfold induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression indicated induction of ER stress in kidneys of hyperleptinemic LoxTB MC4R-/- mice. In contrast, ER stress was not induced in kidneys of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Our findings show that obesity, in the absence of hypertension, is associated with renal dysfunction in mice but not with major renal injury. Alterations to mitochondria that lower cellular ATP levels may be involved in obesity-induced renal injury. The type and severity of mitochondrial and ER dysfunction differs depending upon the presence or absence of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Jonathan P Hosler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
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The AMPK activator R419 improves exercise capacity and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mol Metab 2015; 4:643-51. [PMID: 26413470 PMCID: PMC4563030 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is important for regulating glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial content and exercise capacity. R419 is a mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor that has recently been shown to acutely activate AMPK in myotubes. Our main objective was to examine whether R419 treatment improves insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity in obese insulin resistant mice and whether skeletal muscle AMPK was important for mediating potential effects. METHODS Glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, and electron transport chain content/activity were examined in wildtype (WT) and AMPK β1β2 muscle-specific null (AMPK-MKO) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without R419 supplementation. RESULTS There was no change in weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity between HFD-fed WT and AMPK-MKO mice. In both HFD-fed WT and AMPK-MKO mice, R419 enhanced insulin tolerance, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle 2-deoxyglucose uptake, Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content independently of alterations in body mass. In WT, but not AMPK-MKO mice, R419 improved treadmill running capacity. Treatment with R419 increased muscle electron transport chain content and activity in WT mice; effects which were blunted in AMPK-MKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of obese mice with R419 improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through a mechanism that is independent of skeletal muscle AMPK. R419 also increases exercise capacity and improves mitochondrial function in obese WT mice; effects that are diminished in the absence of skeletal muscle AMPK. These findings suggest that R419 may be a promising therapy for improving whole-body glucose homeostasis and exercise capacity.
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Key Words
- 2-DG, 2-deoxyglucose
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside
- AMPK
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- AMPK-MKO, skeletal muscle-specific AMPK β1β2 floxed Cre-
- AUC, area under the curve
- COX, cytochrome c oxidase
- CT, computed tomography
- Complex-I
- Diabetes
- EDL, extensor digitorum longus
- Exercise-mimetic
- GDR, glucose disposal rate
- GIR, glucose infusion rate
- GLUT4, glucose transporter 4
- HFD, high-fat diet (45% kcal fat)
- HGO, hepatic glucose output
- Mitochondrial
- OXPHOS, proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
- Obesity
- R419
- R419, N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl) piperidin-4-yl)-6-(4-(4-methoxybenzoyl) piperidine-1-carbonyl
- TA, tibialis anterior
- Tbp, TATA-binding protein
- WT, wildtype
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Eilers W, Jaspers RT, de Haan A, Ferrié C, Valdivieso P, Flück M. CaMKII content affects contractile, but not mitochondrial, characteristics in regenerating skeletal muscle. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 14:7. [PMID: 25515219 PMCID: PMC4277655 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-014-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The multi-meric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the main CaMK in skeletal muscle and its expression increases with endurance training. CaMK family members are implicated in contraction-induced regulation of calcium handling, fast myosin type IIA expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of an increased CaMKII content for the expression of the contractile and mitochondrial phenotype in vivo. Towards this end we attempted to co-express alpha- and beta-CaMKII isoforms in skeletal muscle and characterised the effect on the contractile and mitochondrial phenotype. Results Fast-twitch muscle m. gastrocnemius (GM) and slow-twitch muscle m. soleus (SOL) of the right leg of 3-month old rats were transfected via electro-transfer of injected expression plasmids for native α/β CaMKII. Effects were identified from the comparison to control-transfected muscles of the contralateral leg and non-transfected muscles. α/β CaMKII content in muscle fibres was 4-5-fold increased 7 days after transfection. The transfection rate was more pronounced in SOL than GM muscle (i.e. 12.6 vs. 3.5%). The overexpressed α/β CaMKII was functional as shown through increased threonine 287 phosphorylation of β-CaMKII after isometric exercise and down-regulated transcripts COXI, COXIV, SDHB after high-intensity exercise in situ. α/β CaMKII overexpression under normal cage activity accelerated excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation in SOL muscle in association with increased SERCA2, ANXV and fast myosin type IIA/X content but did not affect mitochondrial protein content. These effects were observed on a background of regenerating muscle fibres. Conclusion Elevated CaMKII content promotes a slow-to-fast type fibre shift in regenerating muscle but is not sufficient to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the absence of an endurance stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Eilers
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arnold de Haan
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom. .,Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Céline Ferrié
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Flück
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom. .,Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hund TJ, Mohler PJ. Role of CaMKII in cardiac arrhythmias. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:392-7. [PMID: 25577293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a central mechanism in vertebrates for the regulation of signaling. With regard to the cardiovascular system, phosphorylation of myocyte targets is critical for the regulation of excitation contraction coupling, metabolism, intracellular calcium regulation, mitochondrial activity, transcriptional regulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. In fact, pathways that tune protein kinase signaling have been a mainstay for cardiovascular therapies for the past 60 years. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase with numerous roles in human physiology. Dysfunction in CaMKII-based signaling has been linked with a host of cardiovascular phenotypes including heart failure and arrhythmia, and CaMKII levels are elevated in human and animal disease models of heart disease. While nearly a decade has been invested in targeting CaMKII for the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmia phenotypes, to date, approaches to target the molecule for antiarrhythmic benefit have been unsuccessful for reasons that are still not entirely clear, although (1) lack of compound specificity and (2) the multitude of downstream targets are likely contributing factors. This review will provide an update on current pathways regulated by CaMKII with the goal of illustrating potential upstream regulatory mechanisms and downstream targets that may be modulated for the prevention of cardiac electrical defects. While the review will cover multiple aspects of CaMKII dysfunction in cardiovascular disease, we have given special attention to the potential of CaMKII-associated late Na(+) current as a novel therapeutic target for cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hund
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, OH; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, OH
| | - Peter J Mohler
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, OH; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
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Ziolo MT, Mohler PJ. Defining the role of oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation and diabetes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2014; 26:223-5. [PMID: 25298131 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Ziolo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology;, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Kim JS, Yoon CS, Park DR. NAMPT regulates mitochondria biogenesis via NAD metabolism and calcium binding proteins during skeletal muscle contraction. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014; 18:259-66. [PMID: 25566462 PMCID: PMC4241898 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that muscle contraction induced NAD metabolism via NAMPT has on mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS Primary skeletal muscle cells were isolated from the gastrocnemius in C57BL/6 mice. The muscle cells were stimulated by electrical current at 1Hz for 3 minutes in conditions of normal or NAD metabolism related inhibitor treatment. NAD/NADH level, Sirt1 and mitochondria biogenesis related signal factor's changes were examined in normal or NAD metabolism related inhibitor treated cells. RESULTS Electrical stimulation (ES) induced muscle contractions significantly increased NAD/NADH levels, NAMPT inhibitor FK-866 inhibited ES-induced NAD formation, which caused SIRT1 expression and PGC-1α deacetylation to decrease. Moreover, NAMPT inhibition decreased mitochondrial biogenesis related mRNA, COX-1 and Tfam levels. Along with AMPK inhibitor, compound C decreases SIRT1 expression, PGC-1α deacetylation and muscle contraction induced mitochondrial biogenesis related mRNA increment. These results indicated that the AMPK-NAMPT signal is a key player for muscle contraction induced SIRT1 expression and PGC-1α deacetylation, which influences mitochondrial biogenesis. Inhibition of the AMPK upregulator, Camkkβ, STO-609 decreased AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 expression but did not decrease PGC-1α deacetylation. However, CAMKII inhibition via AIP decreased PGC-1α deacetylation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results indicate that NAMPT plays an important role in NAD metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, mitochondrial biogenesis is also controlled by different calcium binding protein signals including Camkkβ and CAMKII. [Keyword] Muscle contraction, NAD metabolism, SIRT1, PGC-1 α, mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seok Kim
- Department of physical education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chung-Su Yoon
- Department of physical education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dae Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical school, Jeonju, Korea
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Matravadia S, Herbst EAF, Jain SS, Mutch DM, Holloway GP. Both linoleic and α-linolenic acid prevent insulin resistance but have divergent impacts on skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in obese Zucker rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E102-14. [PMID: 24844257 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00032.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in preserving insulin sensitivity has gained interest in recent decades; however, the roles of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) remain poorly understood. We investigated the efficacy of diets enriched with either LA or ALA on attenuating the development of insulin resistance (IR) in obesity. Following a 12-wk intervention, LA and ALA both prevented the shift toward an IR phenotype and maintained muscle-specific insulin sensitivity otherwise lost in obese control animals. The beneficial effects of ALA were independent of changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity, as obese control and ALA-treated rats showed similar increases in these parameters. However, ALA increased the propensity for mitochondrial H2O2 emission and catalase content within whole muscle and reduced markers of oxidative stress (4-HNE and protein carbonylation). In contrast, LA prevented changes in markers of mitochondrial content, respiratory function, H2O2 emission, and oxidative stress in obese animals, thereby resembling levels seen in lean animals. Together, our data suggest that LA and ALA are efficacious in preventing IR but have divergent impacts on skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function. Moreover, we propose that LA has value in preserving insulin sensitivity in the development of obesity, thereby challenging the classical view that n-6 PUFAs are detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Matravadia
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A F Herbst
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Swati S Jain
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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