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Uçar S, Pandir D. Furan induced ovarian damage in non-diabetic and diabetic rats and cellular protective role of lycopene. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:1027-1037. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tian T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4535194. [PMID: 28744337 PMCID: PMC5506473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence has risen worldwide in recent years. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the involvement of oxidative stress signaling in the initiation and progression of IBD and its relationships with genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target oxidative stress signaling are reviewed and discussed. Though substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of oxidative stress in IBD in humans and experimental animals, the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Thus, further studies are needed to validate how oxidative stress signaling is involved in and contributes to the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Belda-Antolí M, Padrón-Sanz C, Cejalvo-Lapeña D, Prieto-Moure B, Lloris-Cejalvo JM, Lloris-Carsí JM. Antioxidant potential of Himanthalia elongata for protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the small bowel. Surgery 2017; 162:577-585. [PMID: 28666685 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seaweed has been associated with the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases related to oxidative stress because of its antioxidant activity. We investigated the protective potential of extract of Himanthalia elongata against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the intestine of rats. METHODS Seventy-two (72) male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into 12 groups as follows: sham, I/R only, I/R plus vehicle at 3 time points, and I/R plus extract at 3 time points. The degree of intestinal injury was determined by oxidative stress using lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase after mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion. A histological study was also performed. RESULTS The algae extract helps to maintain normal enzymatic levels because, for all the studied parameters, groups treated with the extract showed significant differences (P < .05) compared with the I/R groups, and there were no differences compared with the sham group. The histological study showed that damage to the intestinal mucosa was less severe in animals treated with extract of H elongata after up to 24 hours of reperfusion compared with the I/R group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the extract of H elongata can protect intestinal tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Diaz de Barboza G, Guizzardi S, Moine L, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and intestinal calcium absorption. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2841-2853. [PMID: 28522903 PMCID: PMC5413780 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The disequilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS as by-products of electron transport chain. Most of the time the intestine responds adequately against the oxidative stress, but with aging or under conditions that exacerbate the ROS and/or RNS production, the defenses are not enough and contribute to developing intestinal pathologies. The endogenous antioxidant defense system in gut includes glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzymes as major components. When the ROS and/or RNS production is exacerbated, oxidative stress occurs and the intestinal Ca2+ absorption is inhibited. GSH depleting drugs such as DL-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, menadione and sodium deoxycholate inhibit the Ca2+ transport from lumen to blood by alteration in the protein expression and/or activity of molecules involved in the Ca2+ transcellular and paracellular pathways through mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or autophagy. Quercetin, melatonin, lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids block the effect of those drugs in experimental animals by their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and/or anti-autophagic properties. Therefore, they may become drugs of choice for treatment of deteriorated intestinal Ca2+ absorption under oxidant conditions such as aging, diabetes, gut inflammation and other intestinal disorders.
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Park JS, Choi HI, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Small heterodimer partner attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase by suppression of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:701-710. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Land WG, Agostinis P, Gasser S, Garg AD, Linkermann A. Transplantation and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3338-3361. [PMID: 27421829 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Upon solid organ transplantation and during cancer immunotherapy, cellular stress responses result in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The various cellular stresses have been characterized in detail over the last decades, but a unifying classification based on clinically important aspects is lacking. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the most recent literature along with a unifying concept of the danger/injury model, suggest a classification of DAMPs, and review the recently elaborated mechanisms that result in the emission of such factors. We further point out the differences in DAMP responses including the release following a heat shock pattern, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage-mediated DAMP release, and discuss the diverse pathways of regulated necrosis in this respect. The understanding of various forms of DAMPs and the consequences of their different release patterns are prerequisite to associate serum markers of cellular stresses with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Land
- German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, Plateforme GENOMAX, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,LabexTRANSPLANTEX, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Gasser
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Linkermann
- Cluster of Excellence EXC306, Inflammation at Interfaces, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.,Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Wong SW, Yao Y, Hong Y, Ma Z, Kok SHL, Sun S, Cho M, Lee KKH, Mak AFT. Preventive Effects of Poloxamer 188 on Muscle Cell Damage Mechanics Under Oxidative Stress. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:1083-1092. [PMID: 27650939 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High oxidative stress can occur during ischemic reperfusion and chronic inflammation. It has been hypothesized that such oxidative challenges could contribute to clinical risks such as deep tissue pressure ulcers. Skeletal muscles can be challenged by inflammation-induced or reperfusion-induced oxidative stress. Oxidative stress reportedly can lower the compressive damage threshold of skeletal muscles cells, causing actin filament depolymerization, and reduce membrane sealing ability. Skeletal muscles thus become easier to be damaged by mechanical loading under prolonged oxidative exposure. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of poloxamer 188 (P188) on skeletal muscle cells against extrinsic oxidative challenges (H2O2). It was found that with 1 mM P188 pre-treatment for 1 h, skeletal muscle cells could maintain their compressive damage threshold. The actin polymerization dynamics largely remained stable in term of the expression of cofilin, thymosin beta 4 and profilin. Laser photoporation demonstrated that membrane sealing ability was preserved even as the cells were challenged by H2O2. These findings suggest that P188 pre-treatment can help skeletal muscle cells retain their normal mechanical integrity in oxidative environments, adding a potential clinical use of P188 against the combined challenge of mechanical-oxidative stresses. Such effect may help to prevent deep tissue ulcer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Wan Wong
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yifei Yao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Ye Hong
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiyao Ma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Stanton H L Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Michael Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Kenneth K H Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur F T Mak
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
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Li J, Zhang X, Yuan C, Miao L, Yan H, Dong X, Lu J, Zou X. Effects of dietary L-threonine levels on antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activities, and antibody production of Xinyang green-shell laying hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Syzygium aromaticum water extract attenuates ethanol‑induced gastric injury through antioxidant effects in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:361-6. [PMID: 27177078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Syzygium aromaticum water extract (SAWE) has a protective effect against ethanol‑induced gastric injury in rats. Acute gastric injury was induced via intragastric administration of absolute ethanol at a dose of 5 ml/kg. SAWE (250 or 500 mg/kg/day) or cimetidine (100 mg/kg/day), which was used as a positive control, were administered to the rats 2 h prior to ethanol administration for 3 days. All rats were sacrificed 24 h following the final ethanol administration. To examine whether SAWE has a gastroprotective effect, assays were performed to assess the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), the activities of catalase, glutathione‑S‑transferase and superoxide dismutase, and an immune-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in gastric tissues by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Histological assessment of the gastric wall was performed. Compared with ethanol treatment alone, treatment with SAWE at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day significantly decreased the gastric MDA content and increased the GSH content, catalase activity, and production of gastric PGE2. Histological assessment showed that SAWE attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and the loss of epithelial cells. These findings suggested that SAWE protected against ethanol‑induced gastric mucosal injury in the rats. These effects appeared to be associated with antioxidant activity, activation of the production of PGE2, suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration and loss of epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa. Collectively, SAWE may be beneficial in the prevention of gastric disease associated to oxidative stress.
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Dokladny K, Zuhl MN, Moseley PL. Intestinal epithelial barrier function and tight junction proteins with heat and exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:692-701. [PMID: 26359485 PMCID: PMC4868372 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00536.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A single layer of enterocytes and tight junctions (intercellular multiprotein complexes) form the intestinal epithelial barrier that controls transport of molecules through transcellular and paracellular pathways. A dysfunctional or "leaky" intestinal tight junction barrier allows augmented permeation of luminal antigens, endotoxins, and bacteria into the blood stream. Various substances and conditions have been shown to affect the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier. The primary focus of the present review is to analyze the effects of exertional or nonexertional (passive hyperthermia) heat stress on tight junction barrier function in in vitro and in vivo (animals and humans) models. Our secondary focus is to review changes in tight junction proteins in response to exercise or hyperthermic conditions. Finally, we discuss some pharmacological or nutritional interventions that may affect the cellular mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier during heat stress or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Health Exercise & Sports Science of University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
| | - Micah N Zuhl
- School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan; and
| | - Pope L Moseley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Health Exercise & Sports Science of University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cagin YF, Atayan Y, Sahin N, Parlakpinar H, Polat A, Vardi N, Tagluk ME, Tanbek K, Yildiz A. Beneficial effects of dexpanthenol on mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion injury in experimental rat model. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:354-65. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1126834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mard SA, Azad SM, Ahangarpoor A. Protective Effect of Crocin on Gastric Mucosal Lesions Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:93-99. [PMID: 28228808 PMCID: PMC5242356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of crocin on gastric mucosal lesions caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Forty male rats were randomly divided into sham, control (I/R injury) and three crocin-pretreated groups. To induce I/R lesions, the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min and then the clamp was removed to allow reperfusion for 3 h. Pretreated-rats received crocin (7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to the induction of I/R injury. Samples of gastric mucosa were collected to measure the following variables: 1 mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) by RT-PCR; 2 activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and 3 tissue levels of malonyldehaldehyde (MDA). Pretreatment with crocin decreased the total area of gastric lesions. Messenger RNA expressions of SOD and Gpx in control I/R injury rats were significantly decreased as compared with sham-operated group (P<0.001). Crocin pretreatment 30 min prior to I/R injury significantly increased mRNA expressions of SOD and Gpx genes. The gastric mucosal activities of SOD and Gpx in control I/R injury rats were significantly lower than in crocin-pretreated groups (P<0.01). Crocin pretreatment decreased mucosal production of MDA. Our findings showed the protective effect of crocin on gastric mucosa against ischemia-reperfusion injury. These effects of crocin were mainly mediated by increasing the mRNA expressions- and the enzyme activity of SOD and Gpx as well as by inhibiting the production of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research institute for infectious diseases of digestive system and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ,
| | - Seyyed Mojib Azad
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Akram Ahangarpoor
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research institute for infectious diseases of digestive system and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Inflammatory Changes and Coagulopathy in Multiply Injured Patients. THE POLY-TRAUMATIZED PATIENT WITH FRACTURES 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122098 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-47212-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe tissue trauma leads to an early activation of several danger recognition systems, including the complement and the coagulation system, often resulting in an overwhelming almost synchronic pro- and anti-inflammatory response of the host. Although the immune response is associated with beneficial effects at the site of injury including the elimination of exogenous and endogenous danger molecules as well as the initiation of regenerative processes, an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response significantly contributes to posttraumatic complications such as multiple organ failure (MOF) and early death. Besides pre-existing physical conditions, age, gender, and underlying comorbidities, surgical and anesthesiological management after injury is decisive for outcome. Improvements in surgical intensive care have increased number of patients who survive the initial phase after trauma. However, instead of progressing to normal recovery, patients often pass into persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). The characterization and management of PICS will require new strategies for direct monitoring and therapeutic intervention into the patient’s immune function. In this chapter, we describe various factors involved in the inflammatory changes after trauma and aim to understand how these factors interact to progress to systemic inflammation, MOF, and PICS.
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Batista LM, Lima GRDM, De Almeida ABA, Magri LDP, Calvo TR, Ferreira AL, Pellizzon CH, Hiruma-Lima CA, Vilegas W, Sano PT, Brito ARMS. Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained from Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:391. [PMID: 26511617 PMCID: PMC4625929 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus, currently known for Comanthera aciphylla (Bong.) L.R.Parra & Giul. and Comanthera bisulcata (Koern.) L.R. Parra & Giul, popularly known in Brazil as “sempre-vivas,” are plants from the family Eriocaulaceae. They are found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species are known to be rich in flavonoids to which their gastroprotective activity has been attributed. In this research, experimental protocols were performed to elucidate the associated mechanisms of action. Methods The activity was evaluated using induced gastric ulcer models (acetic acid and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in NEM or L-NAME pre-treated mice, and by ischemia/reperfusion). Antioxidant enzymes, serum somatostatin, and gastrin were also evaluated. Results In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of Sa-FRF or Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. The pre-treatment of mice with NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) or L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine) abolished the protective activity of Sa-FRF, Sa-FDF, Sb-FDF and Sb-FRF or Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, respectively, which indicates that antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective. Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (72 and 76 %, respectively). It also decreased lipid peroxidation and restored total thiols in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. When administered to rats submitted to ethanol-induced gastric lesions, Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the somatostatin serum levels, while the gastrin serum levels were proportionally decreased. Conclusions The results indicate significant healing effects and gastroprotective activity for the Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, which probably involves the participation of SH groups, nitric oxide (NO), the antioxidant system, somatostatin, and gastrin. All are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa’s cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.
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Kozarski M, Klaus A, Jakovljevic D, Todorovic N, Vunduk J, Petrović P, Niksic M, Vrvic MM, van Griensven L. Antioxidants of Edible Mushrooms. Molecules 2015; 20:19489-525. [PMID: 26516828 PMCID: PMC6331815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by an imbalanced metabolism and an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to a range of health disorders in humans. Our endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms and our dietary intake of antioxidants potentially regulate our oxidative homeostasis. Numerous synthetic antioxidants can effectively improve defense mechanisms, but because of their adverse toxic effects under certain conditions, preference is given to natural compounds. Consequently, the requirements for natural, alternative sources of antioxidant foods identified in edible mushrooms, as well as the mechanistic action involved in their antioxidant properties, have increased rapidly. Chemical composition and antioxidant potential of mushrooms have been intensively studied. Edible mushrooms might be used directly in enhancement of antioxidant defenses through dietary supplementation to reduce the level of oxidative stress. Wild or cultivated, they have been related to significant antioxidant properties due to their bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids and minerals. Antioxidant and health benefits, observed in edible mushrooms, seem an additional reason for their traditional use as a popular delicacy food. This review discusses the consumption of edible mushrooms as a powerful instrument in maintaining health, longevity and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kozarski
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia.
| | - Anita Klaus
- Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Jakovljevic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
| | - Nina Todorovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Vunduk
- Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia.
| | - Predrag Petrović
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11060, Serbia.
| | - Miomir Niksic
- Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia.
| | - Miroslav M Vrvic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Leo van Griensven
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands.
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Holland AM, Hyatt HW, Smuder AJ, Sollanek KJ, Morton AB, Roberts MD, Kavazis AN. Influence of endurance exercise training on antioxidant enzymes, tight junction proteins, and inflammatory markers in the rat ileum. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:514. [PMID: 26423686 PMCID: PMC4589170 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise training on ileum antioxidant status, as well as tight junction, inflammatory, and nutrient transporter gene expression. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats (4 month old) were assigned to sedentary (SED) or endurance exercise-training (EXE) groups (n = 8/group). EXE animals were trained on the treadmill for 10 days at a speed of 30 m/min at 0° incline for 60 min/day. SED and EXE animals were sacrificed (24 h after the final training bout) and the ileum was stored for analyses. Results The ileum of EXE had higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant protein levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase compared to SED with no change (p > 0.05) in the lipid peroxidation biomarker 4-hydroxynonenal. Ileum mRNA expression of the tight junction gene zonulin increased (p < 0.05) and claudin 1 decreased (p < 0.05) in EXE compared to SED, but occludin and zonula occluden 1 were not different (p > 0.05) between SED and EXE. The ileum mRNA expressions of seven nutrient transporters (SLC5A8, SLC7A6, SLC6A19, SLC7A7, SLC27A2, SLC16A10, and SLC15A1) were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05). EXE had lower ileum TNFα mRNA expression (p < 0.05) compared to SED. No changes (p > 0.05) were found in the other inflammatory mRNAs including NFκB, IFNγ, IL6, CCL2, TLR4, and IL10. In addition, no changes in p-p65:p65 were detected. Conclusions These findings suggest that 10 days of endurance exercise training up-regulates key endogenous antioxidant enzymes, decreases select inflammation markers, and alters select markers of tight junction permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maleah Holland
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Hayden W Hyatt
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kurt J Sollanek
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Aaron B Morton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Chen JA, Chang LR, Feng GM, Lee ST, Hsieh CY, Jeng SF, Huang WS. Stress alters the expression of aquaporins in cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1967-1972. [PMID: 26640581 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are widely-expressed small water channel proteins that provide the major route for water transport across plasma membranes in various cell types. Although the quantity of water transported in the intestinal tract is second only to that in the kidney, the precise role of AQPs in this organ remains largely uncertain. The present study reports the effects of hypertonic stress and ischemia/reperfusion injury on the expression of AQPs in intestinal epithelial cells. Cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells were incubated in 300 mM mannitol-containing, hypertonic culture medium or subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion treatment. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, and the expression of AQPs was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Despite reduced viability, the cells exposed to hypertonic stress for 16 h demonstrated enhanced expression of AQP1 mRNA and protein. AQP9 and glycosylated AQP11 proteins were also markedly upregulated. Ischemia alone did not affect the cell viability, but subsequent reperfusion significantly reduced viability. The mRNA expression levels of all the tested AQPs were not altered by ischemia alone or by ischemia/reperfusion; however, AQP8 protein was markedly reduced by ischemic injury. In addition, treatment with ischemia alone eradicated the normally-expressed, non-glycosylated AQP11 protein whilst inducing pronounced expression of the glycosylated form. These observations may indicate that AQPs function in the intestinal epithelia in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-An Chen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Ren Chang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Ming Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Ting Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Yan Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Seng-Feng Jeng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shyan Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Zuoying Branch, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Zhao DW, Zhang LT, Cheng HY, Zhang YL, Min JY, Xiao HL, Wang Y. Monitoring dynamic alterations in calcium homeostasis by T1-mapping manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in the early stage of small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:958-966. [PMID: 26086648 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced MRI studies have proven to be useful in monitoring physiological activities associated with calcium ions (Ca(2+)) due to the paramagnetic property of the manganese ion (Mn(2+)), which makes it an excellent probe of Ca(2+) . In this study, we developed a method in which a Mn(2+)-enhanced T1 -map MRI could enable the monitoring of Ca(2+) influx during the early stages of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The Mn(2+) infusion protocol was optimized by obtaining dose-dependent and time-course wash-out curves using a Mn(2+)-enhanced T1-map MRI of rabbit abdomens following an intravenous infusion of 50 mmol/l MnCl2 (5-10 nmol/g body weight (BW)). In the rabbit model of intestinal I/R injury, T1 values were derived from the T1 maps in the intestinal wall region and revealed a relationship between the dose of the infused MnCl2 and the intestinal wall relaxation time. Significant Mn(2+) clearance was also observed over time in control animals after the infusion of Mn(2+) at a dose of 10 nmol/g BW. This technique was also shown to be sensitive enough to monitor variations in calcium ion homeostasis in vivo after small intestinal I/R injury. The T1 values of the intestinal I/R group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the control group at 5, 10, and 15 min after Mn(2+) infusion. Our data suggest that MnCl2 has the potential to be an MRI contrast agent that can be effectively used to monitor changes in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis during the early stages of intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le-tian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-yun Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-long Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-yan Min
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-liang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Organ-Protective Effects of Red Wine Extract, Resveratrol, in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:568634. [PMID: 26161238 PMCID: PMC4487914 DOI: 10.1155/2015/568634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenol extracted from red wine, possesses potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, including the reduction of free radicals and proinflammatory mediators overproduction, the alteration of the expression of adhesion molecules, and the inhibition of neutrophil function. A growing body of evidence indicates that resveratrol plays an important role in reducing organ damage following ischemia- and hemorrhage-induced reperfusion injury. Such protective phenomenon is reported to be implicated in decreasing the formation and reaction of reactive oxygen species and pro-nflammatory cytokines, as well as the mediation of a variety of intracellular signaling pathways, including the nitric oxide synthase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, deacetylase sirtuin 1, mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, hemeoxygenase-1, and estrogen receptor-related pathways. Reperfusion injury is a complex pathophysiological process that involves multiple factors and pathways. The resveratrol is an effective reactive oxygen species scavenger that exhibits an antioxidative property. In this review, the organ-protective effects of resveratrol in oxidative stress-related reperfusion injury will be discussed.
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Defining the Roles of TcdA and TcdB in Localized Gastrointestinal Disease, Systemic Organ Damage, and the Host Response during Clostridium difficile Infections. mBio 2015; 6:e00551. [PMID: 26037121 PMCID: PMC4453007 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00551-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, a significant animal pathogen, and a worldwide public health burden. Most disease-causing strains secrete two exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB, which are considered to be the primary virulence factors. Understanding the role that these toxins play in disease is essential for the rational design of urgently needed new therapeutics. However, their relative contributions to disease remain contentious. Using three different animal models, we show that TcdA+ TcdB− mutants are attenuated in virulence in comparison to the wild-type (TcdA+ TcdB+) strain, whereas TcdA− TcdB+ mutants are fully virulent. We also show for the first time that TcdB alone is associated with both severe localized intestinal damage and systemic organ damage, suggesting that this toxin might be responsible for the onset of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a poorly characterized but often fatal complication of C. difficile infection (CDI). Finally, we show that TcdB is the primary factor responsible for inducing the in vivo host innate immune and inflammatory responses. Surprisingly, the animal infection model used was found to profoundly influence disease outcomes, a finding which has important ramifications for the validation of new therapeutics and future disease pathogenesis studies. Overall, our results show unequivocally that TcdB is the major virulence factor of C. difficile and provide new insights into the host response to C. difficile during infection. The results also highlight the critical nature of using appropriate and, when possible, multiple animal infection models when studying bacterial virulence mechanisms. Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and an important hospital pathogen. TcdA and TcdB are thought to be the primary virulence factors responsible for disease symptoms of C. difficile infections (CDI). However, the individual contributions of these toxins to disease remain contentious. Using three different animal models of infection, we show for the first time that TcdB alone causes severe damage to the gut, as well as systemic organ damage, suggesting that this toxin might be responsible for MODS, a serious but poorly understood complication of CDI. These findings provide important new insights into the host response to C. difficile during infection and should guide the rational development of urgently required nonantibiotic therapeutics for the treatment of CDI.
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Akcilar R, Akcilar A, Savran B, Ayada C, Koçak C, Koçak FE, Genç O. Effects of ukrain in rats with intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. J Surg Res 2015; 195:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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He XH, Li QW, Wang YL, Zhang ZZ, Ke JJ, Yan XT, Chen K. Transduced PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 fusion protein reduces remote organ injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1057-65. [PMID: 25863938 PMCID: PMC4404748 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A fusion protein composed of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and cell-penetrating peptide PEP-1 has been shown to reduce local intestinal injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we investigated the effects of PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein on remote organ injury induced by intestinal I/R in rats. Material/methods We randomly assigned 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats to 3 groups: Sham, I/R, and I/R plus PEP-1-HO-1 treatment (HO). The model of intestinal I/R was established by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 120-min reperfusion. In HO group, PEP-1-HO-1 was administered intravenously 30 min before ischemia, while animals in the Sham and I/R groups received the equal volume of physiological saline. At the end of the experiment, lung, liver, and blood samples were collected and analyzed. Results Malondialdehyde levels and histological injury scores were increased, and superoxide dismutase activities were decreased in the lung and liver tissues in the I/R group compared with the Sham group (P<0.05). Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and lung tissue wet weight to dry weight ratio were increased in the I/R group compared with the Sham group (P<0.05). NF-κB expression in intestinal tissues was significantly higher in the I/R group than in the Sham group. These changes were significantly reversed by treatment with PEP-1-HO-1. Conclusions This study demonstrates that administration of PEP-1-HO-1 has a protective role against lung and liver injury after intestinal I/R, attributable to the reduction of released proinflammatory cytokines regulated by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Wen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zong-Ze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Juan Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Boan Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Martins JLR, Rodrigues ORL, de Sousa FB, Fajemiroye JO, Galdino PM, Florentino IF, Costa EA. Medicinal species with gastroprotective activity found in the Brazilian Cerrado. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:238-51. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. R. Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia Campus 74001-970, 314 Goiania GO Brazil
| | - Oscar R. L. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia Campus 74001-970, 314 Goiania GO Brazil
| | - Fábio B. de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia Campus 74001-970, 314 Goiania GO Brazil
| | - James O. Fajemiroye
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia Campus 74001-970, 314 Goiania GO Brazil
| | - Pablinny M. Galdino
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia Campus 74001-970, 314 Goiania GO Brazil
| | - Iziara F. Florentino
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia Campus 74001-970, 314 Goiania GO Brazil
| | - Elson A. Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia Campus 74001-970, 314 Goiania GO Brazil
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Sidahmed HMA, Hashim NM, Abdulla MA, Ali HM, Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, Taha MME, Fai LM, Vadivelu J. Antisecretory, gastroprotective, antioxidant and anti-Helicobcter pylori activity of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121060. [PMID: 25798602 PMCID: PMC4370679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zingiber zerumbet Smith is a perennial herb, broadly distributed in many tropical areas. In Malaysia, it's locally known among the Malay people as "lempoyang" and its rhizomes, particularly, is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease beyond other gastric disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the current study is to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of zerumbone, the main bioactive compound of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome, against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were pre-treated with zerumbone and subsequently exposed to acute gastric ulcer induced by absolute ethanol administration. Following treatment, gastric juice acidity, ulcer index, mucus content, histological analysis (HE and PAS), immunohistochemical localization for HSP-70, prostaglandin E2 synthesis (PGE2), non-protein sulfhydryl gastric content (NP-SH), reduced glutathione level (GSH), and malondialdehyde level (MDA) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and anti-H. pylori activity were investigated in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that the intragastric administration of zerumbone protected the gastric mucosa from the aggressive effect of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, coincided with reduced submucosal edema and leukocyte infiltration. This observed gastroprotective effect of zerumbone was accompanied with a significant (p <0.05) effect of the compound to restore the lowered NP-SH and GSH levels, and to reduce the elevated MDA level into the gastric homogenate. Moreover, the compound induced HSP-70 up-regulation into the gastric tissue. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly (p <0.05) enhanced mucus production, showed intense PAS stain and maintained PG content near to the normal level. The compound exhibited antisecretory activity and an interesting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H. pylori strain. CONCLUSION The results of the present study revealed that zerumbone promotes ulcer protection, which might be attributed to the maintenance of mucus integrity, antioxidant activity, and HSP-70 induction. Zerumbone also exhibited antibacterial action against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Loke Mun Fai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fayez AM, Awad AS, El-Naa MM, Kenawy SA, El-Sayed ME. Beneficial effects of thymoquinone and omega-3 on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pandir D, Kara O, Kara M. Protective effect of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) on cisplatin induced ovarian damage in rat. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:677-85. [PMID: 23959170 PMCID: PMC4082771 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents but injury may occur at higher doses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bilberry on cisplatin induced toxic effects in rat ovary. Twenty-one female Wistar-Albino rats were utilized to form three groups: In group 1 (control group), each rat received intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL of 0.9 % NaCl saline solution during 10-days. In group 2 (cisplatin group), a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg b.w. cisplatin was given. In group 3 (cisplatin + bilberry group), a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin and bilberry at 200 mg/kg b.w. were given for 10 days. Ovaries were surgically removed in all groups and prepared for biochemical and light microscopic investigations at the examination times. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of tissue samples were measured. Histopathological damages in cisplatin administrated rats were seen such as severe edema, vascular congestion, hemorrhage and follicular degeneration in the ovary tissue. Moderate pathological alterations were observed in rats treated with bilberry plus cisplatin. Cisplatin administration significantly increased MDA production and decreased SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activities in the ovarian tissue when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Cisplatin + bilberry administration increased antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced MDA levels. Bilberry administration seems to reduce the cisplatin induced ovarian toxicity thus it alleviates free radical damage. But it dose not protect completely rat ovary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Pandir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bozok University, 66100, Divanliyolu, Yozgat, Turkey,
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Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:329-54. [PMID: 24692350 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1364] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic infections, and inflammatory disorders. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. ROS are produced within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but their roles in pathophysiology and disease pathogenesis have not been well studied. Despite the protective barrier provided by the mucosa, ingested materials and microbial pathogens can induce oxidative injury and GI inflammatory responses involving the epithelium and immune/inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of various GI diseases including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease is in part due to oxidative stress. Unraveling the signaling events initiated at the cellular level by oxidative free radicals as well as the physiological responses to such stress is important to better understand disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies to manage a variety of conditions for which current therapies are not always sufficient.
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79
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Impaired intestinal mucosal barrier upon ischemia-reperfusion: "patching holes in the shield with a simple surgical method". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:210901. [PMID: 24955347 PMCID: PMC4053295 DOI: 10.1155/2014/210901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is associated with impairment of the gut barrier function and the initiation of a proinflammatory cascade with life-threatening results. Therefore methods directed to ameliorate IR injury are of great importance. We aimed at describing the effects of postconditioning (PC) on the alterations of the intestinal mucosal function and the inflammatory response upon mesenteric IR. Methods. Male Wistar rats were gavaged with green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli suspensions. Animals were randomized into three groups (n = 15), sham-operated, IR-, and PC-groups, and underwent 60 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Postconditioning was performed at the onset of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of reperfusion, for histological, bacteriological, and plasma examinations. Results. The PC-group presented a more favorable claudin-2, claudin-3, claudin-4, and zonula occludens-1 membrane expression profile, and significantly lower rates of bacterial translocation to distant organs and plasma D-lactate levels compared to the IR-group. Histopathological lesions, plasma I-FABP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the PC-group compared to the IR-group. Conclusion. The use of postconditioning improved the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier upon mesenteric IR, and thus reduced the incidence of bacterial translocation and development of a systemic inflammatory response.
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Cheng FC, Geng L, Li L, Liu XJ, Zheng BF, Feng WY, Zhang XY, Fu TL. Baicalin attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and alters intestinal expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1510-1517. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i11.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effects of baicalin against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury in rats.
METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control (SO), baicalin (BA), IIR, and baicalin + IIR (BA + IIR). IIR was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 60 min and restoring blood supply for two hours. The rats in the SO and BA groups underwent a laparotomy, and the SMA was separated without occlusion. The rats in the BA and BA + IIR groups were given baicalin (100 mg/kg, 1 mL) by introperitoneal injection 30 min before model creation. The rats in the SO and IIR groups were given normal saline (1 mL). Intestinal histopathologic changes were examined. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by WST and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively, and plasma D-lactic acid level was assayed by ELISA. The expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in intestinal tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB).
RESULTS: In the IIR group, the Chiu's score (3.99 ± 0.24 vs 0.30 ± 0.08, P < 0.01), serum MDA level (3.41 ± 0.23 vs 1.59 ± 0.25, P < 0.01) and plasma D-lactic acid level (174.27 ± 33.84 vs 52.40 ± 12.12, P < 0.01) were significantly higher than those in the SO group. Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in intestinal tissues in the IIR group was significantly higher than that in the SO group (IHC: 0.326 ± 0.024 vs 0.289 ± 0.041, 0.298 ± 0.025 vs 0.258 ± 0.027, P < 0.05; WB: 1.062 ± 0.056 vs 0.584 ± 0.048, 1.019 ± 0.041 vs 0.592 ± 0.037, P < 0.01). In the IIR group, serum SOD activity decreased significantly compared with the SO group (100.08 ± 3.20 vs 136.88 ± 5.93, P < 0.01). In the BA group, Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in intestinal tissues increased significantly in comparison with the SO group (IHC: 0.322 ± 0.028 vs 0.289 ± 0.041, 0.284 ± 0.009 vs 0.258 ± 0.027, P < 0.05; WB: 1.077 ± 0.038 vs 0.584 ± 0.048, 1.027 ± 0.042 vs 0.592 ± 0.037, P < 0.01). Compared with the IIR group, intestinal tissue injury was significantly reduced (2.95 ± 0.26 vs 3.99 ± 0.24, P < 0.01), serum MDA level (3.09 ± 0.15 vs 3.41 ± 0.23, P < 0.01) and plasma D-lactic acid decreased significantly (108.04 ± 20.19 vs 174.27 ± 33.84, P < 0.01), and serum SOD activity (116.11 ± 4.12 vs 100.08 ± 3.20, P < 0.01) and expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in intestinal tissues increased significantly (IHC: 0.371 ± 0.024 vs 0.326 ± 0.024, 0.336 ± 0.031 vs 0.298 ± 0.025, P < 0.01; WB: 1.541 ± 0.100 vs 1.062 ± 0.056, 1.458 ± 0.071 vs 1.019 ± 0.041, P < 0.01) in the IIR + BA group.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that baicalin alleviates IIR injury possibly by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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Tőkés T, Tuboly E, Varga G, Major L, Ghyczy M, Kaszaki J, Boros M. Protective effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine on ischaemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory reactions. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:109-18. [PMID: 24682350 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choline-containing dietary phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), may function as anti-inflammatory substances, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a deacylated PC derivative, in a rodent model of small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, mesenteric IR (45 min mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 180 min reperfusion), IR with GPC pretreatment (16.56 mg kg⁻¹ GPC i.v., 5 min prior to ischaemia) or IR with GPC post-treatment (16.56 mg kg⁻¹ GPC i.v., 5 min prior to reperfusion) groups. Macrohaemodynamics and microhaemodynamic parameters were measured; intestinal inflammatory markers (xanthine oxidoreductase activity, superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels) and liver ATP contents were determined. RESULTS The IR challenge reduced the intestinal intramural red blood cell velocity, increased the mesenteric vascular resistance, the tissue xanthine oxidoreductase activity, the superoxide production, and the nitrotyrosine levels, and the ATP content of the liver was decreased. Exogenous GPC attenuated the macro- and microcirculatory dysfunction and provided significant protection against the radical production resulting from the IR stress. The GPC pretreatment alleviated the hepatic ATP depletion, the reductions in the mean arterial pressure and superior mesenteric artery flow, and similarly to the post-treatments with GPC, also decreased the xanthine oxidoreductase activity, the intestinal superoxide production, the nitrotyrosine level, and normalized the microcirculatory dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the effectiveness of GPC therapies and provide indirect evidence that the anti-inflammatory effects of PC could be linked to a reaction involving the polar part of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Tőkés
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pécsi u. 6., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
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Yazici S, Demirtas S, Guclu O, Karahan O, Yavuz C, Caliskan A, Mavitas B. Using oxidant and antioxidant levels to predict the duration of both acute peripheral and mesenteric ischemia. Perfusion 2014; 29:450-5. [PMID: 24534888 DOI: 10.1177/0267659114524012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between oxidative stress markers and the duration of ischemia in rat mesenteric and peripheral ischemia models. METHODS Forty rats were divided into five equal groups, as follows: rats in Group I (control group) were sacrificed to determine the baseline characteristics of the serum markers; the superior mesenteric artery was clamped via a simple laparotomy to induce mesenteric ischemia in Groups II and III; the right common femoral artery was clamped to induce peripheral ischemia in Groups IV and V. Blood samples were taken at 2 (Groups II and IV) and 6 (Groups III and V) hours after these procedures. The serum total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzyme activities were evaluated in the samples obtained from each group. RESULTS The OSI level of the control group was 91.00±5.46 (mean ± SD). The OSI levels taken 2 hours after the induction of mesenteric ischemia and peripheral ischemia were significantly higher (194.50±11.16 and 301.75±19.98, respectively (p<0.05)). However, these levels decreased to 151.88±17.02 (mesenteric ischemia) and 108.88±9.46 (peripheral ischemia) after 6 hours. The PON-1 levels of Group III (mesenteric ischemia at 6 hours) (99.75±7.26), Group IV (peripheral ischemia at 2 hours) (96.88±4.09), and Group V (peripheral ischemia at 6 hours) (111.25±10.33) were slightly elevated over that of the control group (87.38±5.31). However, the PON-1 level of Group II (mesenteric ischemia at 2 hours) (42.88±3.14) was lower than that of the other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the increment of oxidative markers in early periods of ischemia (2(nd) hour), which was a hypoxic response of ischemic cells, they have decreased markedly in prolonged ischemia. This might have been caused by the opening of some collateral circulation or the destruction of the ischemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yazici
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - S Demirtas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - O Guclu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - O Karahan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - C Yavuz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - A Caliskan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - B Mavitas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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83
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Pharmacological correction of stress-induced gastric ulceration by novel small-molecule agents with antioxidant profile. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:217039. [PMID: 24688371 PMCID: PMC3934458 DOI: 10.1155/2014/217039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine novel small-molecule agents influencing the pathogenesis of gastric lesions induced by stress. To achieve this goal, four novel organic compounds containing structural fragments with known antioxidant activity were synthesized, characterized by physicochemical methods, and evaluated in vivo at water immersion restraint conditions. The levels of lipid peroxidation products and activities of antioxidative system enzymes were measured in gastric mucosa and correlated with the observed gastroprotective activity of the active compounds. Prophylactic single-dose 1 mg/kg treatment with (2-hydroxyphenyl)thioacetyl derivatives of L-lysine and L-proline efficiently decreases up to 86% stress-induced stomach ulceration in rats. Discovered small-molecule antiulcer agents modulate activities of gastric mucosa tissue superoxide dismutase, catalase, and xanthine oxidase in concerted directions. Gastroprotective effect of (2-hydroxyphenyl)thioacetyl derivatives of L-lysine and L-proline at least partially depends on the correction of gastric mucosa oxidative balance.
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84
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NADPH oxidase 1 and its derived reactive oxygen species mediated tissue injury and repair. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:282854. [PMID: 24669283 PMCID: PMC3942082 DOI: 10.1155/2014/282854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are mostly viewed to cause oxidative damage to various cells and induce organ dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, they are also considered as crucial molecules for cellular signal transduction in biology. NADPH oxidase, whose only function is reactive oxygen species production, has been extensively investigated in many cell types especially phagocytes. The deficiency of NADPH oxidase extends the process of inflammation and delays tissue repair, which causes chronic granulomatous disease in patients. NADPH oxidase 1, one member of the NADPH oxidase family, is not only constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues, but also induced to increase expression in both mRNA and protein levels under many circumstances. NADPH oxidase 1 and its derived reactive oxygen species are suggested to be able to regulate inflammation reaction, cell proliferation and migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis, which contribute to the processes of tissue injury and repair.
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85
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Guo C, Liang F, Shah Masood W, Yan X. Hydrogen sulfide protected gastric epithelial cell from ischemia/reperfusion injury by Keap1 s-sulfhydration, MAPK dependent anti-apoptosis and NF-κB dependent anti-inflammation pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 725:70-8. [PMID: 24444438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proposed as a novel gas-transmittter, which plays multiple physiological and pathological functions in various body systems, including gastrointestinal tract. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects and mechanisms of H2S pharmacological preconditioning on gastric epithelial cells ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We report here that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, concentration-dependently suppressed I/R-induced cellular injury and apoptotic cell death. This protection effect was also confirmed by endogenous over-producing H2S. Furthermore, NaHS also prevented I/R-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, evidenced by increases in GSH level, decreases in MDA contents, reactive oxygen species generation and secretions of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α. NaHS also prevented I/R-induced p38- and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. H2S also induced Keap1 s-sulfhydration, and further Keap1/Nrf2 disassociation and Nrf2 activation. H2S exerted its protective effect through reactive oxygen species clearance, inhibition of p38 and JNK dependent cell apoptosis and NF-κB dependent inflammation pathway. Our results provide evidence that H2S may have potential therapeutic value in acute gastric mucosal lesion, which is often caused by ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fenli Liang
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical school, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Walayat Shah Masood
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Arda-Pirincci P, Bolkent S. The role of epidermal growth factor in prevention of oxidative injury and apoptosis induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:167-75. [PMID: 23932386 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion is a major problem which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on apoptosis, cell proliferation, oxidative stress and the antioxidant system in intestinal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats and to determine if EGF can ameliorate these toxic effects. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was produced by causing complete occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by a 60-min reperfusion period. Animals received intraperitoneal injections of 150 μg/kg human recombinant EGF 30 min prior to the mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. Mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion caused degeneration of the intestinal mucosa, inhibition of cell proliferation, stimulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in the small intestine of rats. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, lipid peroxidation was stimulated accompanied by increased intestinal catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, however, glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activities were markedly decreased. EGF treatment to rats with ischemia/reperfusion prevented the ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative injury by reducing apoptosis and lipid peroxidation, and by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. These results demonstrate that EGF has beneficial antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects on intestinal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
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87
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Demir M, Amanvermez R, Kamalı Polat A, Karabıçak İ, Çınar H, Kesicioğlu T, Polat C. The effect of silymarin on mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Princ Pract 2014; 23:140-4. [PMID: 24356575 PMCID: PMC5586953 DOI: 10.1159/000356860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of silymarin (SM), a mixture of flavonoids and polyphenols extracted from Silybum marianum, on mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). Group 1 was sham operated, while groups 2-5 were subjected to mesenteric I-R lasting 1 h. Group 2 received isotonic sodium chloride, group 3 received SM (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days before I-R, group 4 received SM for 7 days after I-R, and group 5 received SM for 7 days both before and after I-R. The rats were sacrificed by exsanguination in groups 1-3 at the 24th hour and groups 4 and 5 were sacrificed on the 7th day of reperfusion. Blood and intestinal specimens were taken for biochemical and pathological evaluations. RESULTS Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heat shock protein 70 levels were significantly higher in group 2 (5.24 ± 1.76 U/l and 261.4 ± 16.8 ng/ml) compared to the sham group (2.08 ± 1.76 U/l and 189.9 ± 28.7 ng/ml) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). However, SOD activity and the extent and severity of the histopathological lesions were significantly less in groups 3 [3.11 ± 1.18 U/l, 1.0 (range 0.0-2.0)], 4 [2.15 ± 0.87 U/l, 1.0 (range 1.0-3.0)], and 5 [1.80 ± 0.61 U/l, 0.5 (range 0.0-2.0)], treated with SM, than in group 2 [5.24 ± 1.76 U/l, 2.0 (range 2.0-3.0)] (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p = 0.0001; p < 0.001, p = 0.007, and p = 0.0001, respectively). Also, TNF-α levels were lower in the SM-supplemented groups compared to group 2. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance concentrations were low in the pre-/posttreatment groups treated with SM compared to group 2. No statistical difference was observed for protein carbonyls between the groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SM therapy may attenuate the oxidative and intestinal damage induced by I-R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Demir
- Department of General Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - R. Amanvermez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- *Dr. Ramazan Amanvermez, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, TR-55139 Samsun (Turkey), E-Mail
| | - A. Kamalı Polat
- Department of General Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - İ. Karabıçak
- Department of General Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - H. Çınar
- Department of General Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - T. Kesicioğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - C. Polat
- Department of General Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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88
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Rodrigo R, Libuy M, Feliú F, Hasson D. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in essential hypertension and ischemia-reperfusion myocardial damage. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:773-90. [PMID: 24347798 PMCID: PMC3856219 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with hypertension being a major risk factor. Numerous studies support the contribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as other pathologies associated with ischemia/reperfusion. However, the validation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in these settings is still lacking and novel association of these biomarkers and other biomarkers such as endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial microparticles, and ischemia modified albumin, is just emerging. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a pathogenic factor and therapeutic target in early stages of essential hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with plasma F2-isoprostane levels and negatively with total antioxidant capacity of plasma in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation causes an ischemia/reperfusion event associated with increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, two biomarkers associated with oxidative damage of cardiac tissue. An enhancement of the antioxidant defense system should contribute to ameliorating functional and structural abnormalities derived from this metabolic impairment. However, data have to be validated with the analysis of the appropriate oxidative stress and/or nitrosative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Matías Libuy
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Felipe Feliú
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Daniel Hasson
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
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89
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YANG SHUN, CHOU WEIPING, PEI LING. Effects of propofol on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1177-1183. [PMID: 24223641 PMCID: PMC3820756 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol pretreatment in a rat model protects kidney tissue against IRI. Thirty-two Wistar rats were equally divided into four groups: a sham-operated group, untreated renal IRI group, and low-dose (5 mg/kg) and high-dose (10 mg/kg) propofol-treated groups which were treated with propofol prior to the induction of IRI. The rats were subjected to renal ischemia by bilateral clamping of the pedicles for 50 min, followed by reperfusion. The low-dose and high-dose propofol treatment groups were pretreated via femoral vein injection with a propofol suspension prior to the induction of ischemia/reperfusion. The untreated IRI group showed significantly higher serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with the sham-operated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly reduced following IRI; however, they significantly increased following propofol administration. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) levels were significantly increased in the propofol-treated groups compared with the untreated IRI group. These results suggest that propofol reduces renal oxidative injury and facilitates repair following IRI. Propofol may play a protective role by regulating BMP2 expression in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHUN YANG
- Department of Anesthesiology, First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000
| | - WEI-PING CHOU
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042,
P.R. China
| | - LING PEI
- Department of Anesthesiology, First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000
- Correspondence to: Dr Ling Pei, Department of Anesthesiology, First University Hospital of China Medical University, 155 S. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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90
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Jonecová Z, Tóth Š, Varga J, Staško P, Kovalčinová B, Maretta M, Veselá J. The immediate response of jejunal mucosa to small bowel heterotopic allotransplatation in rats. Tissue Cell 2013; 46:21-6. [PMID: 24079856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The course of histopathological alterations within jejunal graft architecture during the initial adaptation phase in the host body was investigated. Graft tissues were compared to the intestinal tissues of the recipients. This study demonstrates: (1) renewal of intestinal epithelial lining in the graft biopsies during initial hours after transplantation is more likely caused by migration and extension of remaining epithelial cells than by their increased mitotic division. (2) Distinct decrease in histopathological injury was observed in transplanted grafts after 6h, but the morphometrical parameters, particularly villus height and wall thickness, remained altered. (3) Significant decrease in apoptotic cell death in the epithelial lining within 6h of graft recirculation was accompanied by no effect on apoptosis levels of the cells in lamina propria connective tissue. (4) Although the apoptosis level in the connective tissue cells was not modulated in the grafts within the first hour after transplantation, caspase-3 dependent apoptosis was decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jonecová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Š Tóth
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - J Varga
- 2(nd) Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Rastislavova 73, 041 90 Košice, Slovakia
| | - P Staško
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - B Kovalčinová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Maretta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Veselá
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
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91
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Ge M, Chi X, Zhang A, Luo G, Sun G, Xie H, Hei Z. Intestinal NF-E2-related factor-2 expression and antioxidant activity changes in rats undergoing orthotopic liver autotransplantation. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1307-1312. [PMID: 24179514 PMCID: PMC3813525 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is known to trigger intestinal injuries. Oxidative damage that is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion injuries. NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and its modulated antioxidant enzymes form the critical endogenous antioxidant system to scavenge ROS. The present study investigated the dynamic changes of intestinal ROS levels, Nrf2 expression and antioxidant enzyme activity following orthotopic liver autotransplantation (OLAT). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups consisting of one sham group and four groups with rats that underwent OLAT and were evaluated following 4, 8, 16 and 24 h, respectively. The intestinal specimens were collected for histopathological examination and the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels and the expression of Nrf2. The present study demonstrated that OLAT resulted in severe intestinal injury, which manifested as a significant change in the intestine pathological scores as early as 4 h and peaking at 8 h post-treatment. Oxidative stress was also revealed by the increase of the H2O2, •OH and MDA levels. Significant decreases were observed in the activity of SOD and CAT and a dramatic decrease occurred in the levels of GSH at 4 and 8 h post-treatment. All the parameters were restored gradually at 16 and 24 h post-treatment. The expression of Nrf2 in the intestinal tissues increased significantly at 4, 16 and 24 h following OLAT. The present study shows that an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants contributes to intestinal oxidative injury, and that the upregulation of Nrf2 is not sufficient to withstand intestinal oxidative injury following OLAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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92
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Cochran DB, Wattamwar PP, Wydra R, Hilt JZ, Anderson KW, Eitel RE, Dziubla TD. Suppressing iron oxide nanoparticle toxicity by vascular targeted antioxidant polymer nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9615-22. [PMID: 24016851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The biomedical use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles has been of continued interest in the literature and clinic. Their ability to be used as contrast agents for imaging and/or responsive agents for remote actuation makes them exciting materials for a wide range of clinical applications. Recently, however, concern has arisen regarding the potential health effects of these particles. Iron oxide toxicity has been demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro models, with oxidative stress being implicated as playing a key role in this pathology. One of the key cell types implicated in this injury is the vascular endothelial cells. Here, we report on the development of a targeted polymeric antioxidant, poly(trolox ester), nanoparticle that can suppress oxidative damage. As the polymer undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis, active trolox is locally released, providing a long term protection against pro-oxidant agents. In this work, poly(trolox) nanoparticles are targeted to platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules (PECAM-1), which are able to bind to and internalize in endothelial cells and provide localized protection against the cytotoxicity caused by iron oxide nanoparticles. These results indicate the potential of using poly(trolox ester) as a means of mitigating iron oxide toxicity, potentially expanding the clinical use and relevance of these exciting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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Popov SV, Ovodova RG, Golovchenko VV, Khramova DS, Markov PA, Smirnov VV, Shashkov AS, Ovodov YS. Pectic polysaccharides of the fresh plum Prunus domestica L. isolated with a simulated gastric fluid and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2013; 143:106-13. [PMID: 24054219 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pectic polysaccharide, designated as PD, was extracted from fresh plums (Prunus domestica L.) with a simulated gastric fluid. Galacturonan, which was partially substituted with methyl and O-acetyl ester groups, and rhamnogalacturonan were the main constituents of the linear regions of the sugar chains of PD. The ramified region contained mainly 1,4-linked β-d-galactopyranose residues and, to a lesser extent, 1,5-linked α-l-arabinofuranose residues. The separation of PD, by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, yielded two pectic fractions: PD-1 and PD-2, eluted with 0.1 and 0.2 M NaCl, respectively. Enzymatic digestion of PD with 1,4-α-d-polygalacturonase yielded the fraction PD-E. The parent pectin PD and the PD-1 fraction were found to diminish the adhesion of peritoneal leukocytes at the concentrations of 0.05-1.0mg/ml. However, the PD-E fraction failed to have an effect on cell adhesion at the concentrations of 0.05-0.1mg/ml. PD, PD-1 and PD-E were found to inhibit the production of superoxide anion radicals by reducing xanthine oxidase activity by 38%, 97% and 47%, respectively. Therefore, the PD-1 fraction appeared to be an active fragment of pectic macromolecule isolated from fresh plum with a simulated gastric fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Popov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
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94
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Yiannakopoulou EC. Targeting oxidative stress response by green tea polyphenols: clinical implications. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:667-71. [PMID: 23805775 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.819975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols, the most interesting constituent of green tea leaves, have been shown to have both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties. Both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties are expected to contribute to modulation of oxidative stress response under ideal optimal dosage regimens. Exposure to a low concentration of a pro-oxidant prior to exposure to oxidative stress induces the expression of genes that code for proteins that induce adaptation in a subsequent oxidative stress. On the other hand, exposure to an antioxidant concurrently with exposure to the oxidative stress affords protection through free radical scavenging or through other indirect antioxidant mechanisms. In any case, the optimal conditions that afford protection from oxidative stress should be defined for any substance with redox properties. Green tea polyphenols, being naturally occurring substances, seem to be an ideal option for the modulation of oxidative stress response. This paper reviews available data on the pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenols focusing on their potential on the modulation of oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Ch Yiannakopoulou
- Department of Basic Medical Lessons, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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95
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Molecular basis of cardioprotective effect of antioxidant vitamins in myocardial infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:437613. [PMID: 23936799 PMCID: PMC3726017 DOI: 10.1155/2013/437613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Major advances in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction, using cardiologic interventions, such as thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCA) have improved the clinical outcome of patients. Nevertheless, as a consequence of these procedures, the ischemic zone is reperfused, giving rise to a lethal reperfusion event accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress). These reactive species attack biomolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins enhancing the previously established tissue damage, as well as triggering cell death pathways. Studies on animal models of AMI suggest that lethal reperfusion accounts for up to 50% of the final size of a myocardial infarct, a part of the damage likely to be prevented. Although a number of strategies have been aimed at to ameliorate lethal reperfusion injury, up to date the beneficial effects in clinical settings have been disappointing. The use of antioxidant vitamins could be a suitable strategy with this purpose. In this review, we propose a systematic approach to the molecular basis of the cardioprotective effect of antioxidant vitamins in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury that could offer a novel therapeutic opportunity against this oxidative tissue damage.
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96
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Cheng YT, Wu CH, Ho CY, Yen GC. Catechin protects against ketoprofen-induced oxidative damage of the gastric mucosa by up-regulating Nrf2 in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:475-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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97
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Yang NY, Shi L, Zhang Y, Ding C, Cong X, Fu FY, Wu LL, Yu GY. Ischemic preconditioning reduces transplanted submandibular gland injury. J Surg Res 2013; 179:e265-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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98
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Protective effects of dietary EPA and DHA on ischemia–reperfusion-induced intestinal stress. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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99
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Járomi P, Szabó A, Garab D, Bodnár D, Uhercsák G, Boros M, Hartmann P. [Experimental studies on microcirculatory inflammatory reactions of the urinary bladder]. Magy Seb 2012; 65:184-90. [PMID: 22940386 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.65.2012.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular endothelium is a primary target of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury of the urinary bladder. In case of interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome) or in cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, the injury is initiated at the epithelial/urothelial surface and propagates towards the interstitium, causing secondary involvement of the microvasculature. Hence the aim of our study was to assess and compare the microcirculatory aspects of the non-infectious forms of cystitis with that of IR-caused reactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In male Sprague-Dawley rats, interstitial cystitis was induced by intravesical instillation of protamine sulphate (2 mg in 200 μl saline for 30 min; n = 6). In another group, cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg, ip) was administered 24 hr prior to the experiments (n = 5). In the third group, urinary bladder ischemia was induced by 60-min occlusion of the vessels supplying the bladder (n = 5). The microcirculatory inflammatory reactions were investigated by fluorescence intravital microscopy 60 min after reperfusion and 24 hr after protamine sulphate instillation or cyclophosphamide administration, respectively. In the control group, the bladder was instilled with saline (n = 5). RESULTS Rolling of leukocytes increased ~3-fold in the postcapillary vessels in the protamine sulphate-treated group and the increase in this parameter was ~5 and ~6.5-fold in cyclophosphamide and IR groups, respectively. The increase in leukocyte adherence reached similar, approx. 7-fold increase in each of the challenged groups. The red blood cell velocity in the capillaries decreased in the protamine sulphate and IR groups, while the velocity increased moderately in the cyclophosphamide-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that direct endothelial injury (caused by IR), as well as protamine sulphate and cyclophosphamide administrations induce inflammatory microcirculatory changes of the urinary bladder. These observations suggest a causative role for microcirculatory disturbances in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis and hemorrhagic cystitis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Járomi
- Bács-Kiskun Megyei Önkormányzat Kórháza Urológiai Osztály Kecskemét
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100
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Qian ZY, Shen LJ, Wang F, Ruan YH. Pretreatment with Panax notoginseng saponins protects against small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1178-1183. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i14.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the mechanism underlying the protective effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
METHODS: A rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was generated. Rats were divided into four groups: sham-operation group, model control group, low- (200 mg/kg) and high-dose (400 mg/kg) PNS groups. After pretreatment with PNS, plasma levels of D-lactate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined.Samples of the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and blood were taken for culturing aerobic bacteria. The expression of NF-κB and TNF-α in the intestine was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis in the intestine was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
RESULTS: The number of positive bacterial cultures in the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and blood was significantly lower in the PNS group than in the model control group (all P < 0.05). Plasma levels of D-lactate and LPS were significantly lower in the PNS group (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) than in the model control group (LPS: 461 EU/L, 320 EU/L vs 570 EU/L; D-lactate: 0.37 mmol/L, 0.31 mmol/L vs 0.44 mmol/L, both P < 0.05). Treatment with PNS reduced the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α and the number of apoptotic cells in intestinal tissue (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PNS protects against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats possibly by reducing mucosal cell apoptosis and down-regulating NF-κB and TNF-α expression in the small intestine.
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