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Alvarado-Flores C, Encina-Montoya F, Tucca F, Vega-Aguayo R, Nimptsch J, Oberti C, Carmona ER, Lüders C. Assessing the ecological risk of active principles used currently by freshwater fish farms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:144716. [PMID: 33631559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global aquaculture industry has grown exponentially in recent years using to control of infections and diseases, a variety of veterinary drugs (VMP) are used, including antibiotics, antifungals and antiparasitics, which have different routes of emission, environmental persistence and side effects to aquatic organisms, becoming one of the main concerns in its use of veterinary drugs (VMP) and its potential toxicological impact on the environment, in this context, Chile is considered one of the main salmon producers. Ecological risk assessment of active principles used infreshwater fish farms worldwide and in Chile were investigated. We recollect a physical - chemical properties of active principles used by fish farms and we could estimate the relative hazard a priori. Later active principles grouped as antibiotics (n = 6), antiparasitics (n = 5), anesthetics (n = 3), and disinfectants (n = 7) were assessed using a mass balance model based on fugacity was developed for each active principle under treatments via immersion and food administration in fish, while a volumetric model for disinfectants and sodium chloride was used for estimating the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), under a real smolt farming scenario in fish farms. Ecotoxicological data were collected from open literature to predict the no-effect concentration (PNEC). The ecological risk assessment was characterized using a risk quotient (RQ = PEC/PNEC) based in two assessment tiers. Results revealed that 12 active ingredients showed a high risk (RQ ≥ 1), thus indicating that adverse effects could occur and further investigation with measured concentrations in the field are required to reduce exposure in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alvarado-Flores
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Aquiculture Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile; Doctoral Program of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisco Encina-Montoya
- Nucleus of Environmental Sciences (NEA), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Felipe Tucca
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Rolando Vega-Aguayo
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Aquiculture Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile; Nucleus of Food Production (NIPA) Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Nimptsch
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Emilio Pugin, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Oberti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erico R Carmona
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat s/n Campus Huayquique, Iquique, Chile
| | - Carlos Lüders
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile
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The Risk Assessment of Pesticide Ingestion with Fruit and Vegetables for Consumer's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:9990219. [PMID: 34222464 PMCID: PMC8219461 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9990219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture to protect crops from pests. In addition to protection during cultivation, they are also used after harvesting to extend the shelf life of products. Postharvest control stands out, especially when it comes to products imported from distant countries, resulting in increased concentration of pesticides and risk to human health consuming such products. In this study, analyses of pesticide residues were performed on 200 samples of fruits and vegetables. Pesticide residues were identified and quantified in 30 out of 200 samples. Study results revealed imazalil to be the most frequently detected pesticide. Risk assessment was performed on the obtained results, and it was carried out separately for adults and for children under 6 years of age. Imazalil showed the highest ARfD percentage for adults (max% ARfD 251%), and these values were especially high on risk assessment for children, where they amounted up to max% ARfD 1087%. The study of imazalil impact was performed on 16 Swiss albino mice divided into two groups and 4 subgroups. Experimental group animals were treated with the corresponding NOAEL dose of imazalil (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Body weight was measured before each pesticide application on a digital electronic Sartorius scale. Peripheral blood analysis was performed after 28-day animal exposure to pesticides. Animals were anesthetized, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture, and red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and white blood cell (WBC) count were determined by standard hematological methods. The organs for determination of imazalil concentration were extracted immediately upon animal sacrifice and stored in a freezer at -80°C until analysis. Results show difference in gain weight, and an increase in WBC count was recorded in the experimental group as compared with a control group of animals. The highest imazalil levels were recorded in adipose tissue (45.2‰) which proves tendency to accumulate.
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Costa A, Veca M, Barberis M, Cicerinegri L, Tangorra FM. Predicting atmospheric cadmium and lead using honeybees as atmospheric heavy metals pollution indicators. Results of a monitoring survey in Northern Italy. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1929523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Cicerinegri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Apicoltura Veca, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Tangorra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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54
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Kalyabina VP, Esimbekova EN, Kopylova KV, Kratasyuk VA. Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health - a review. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1179-1192. [PMID: 34150527 PMCID: PMC8193068 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture to enhance crop production and control pests. Therefore, pesticide residues can persist in the environment and agricultural crops. Although modern formulations are relatively safe to non-target species, numerous theoretical and experimental data demonstrate that pesticide residues can produce long-term negative effects on the health of humans and animals and stability of ecosystems. Of particular interest are molecular mechanisms that mediate the start of a cascade of adverse effects. This is a review of the latest literature data on the effects and consequences of contamination of agricultural crops by pesticide residues. In addition, we address the issue of implicit risks associated with pesticide formulations. The effects of pesticides are considered in the context of the Adverse Outcome Pathway concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya P. Kalyabina
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Elena N. Esimbekova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Kseniya V. Kopylova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Kratasyuk
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
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55
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Bhardwaj JK, Paliwal A, Saraf P. Effects of heavy metals on reproduction owing to infertility. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22823. [PMID: 34051019 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive performance of most of the species is adversely affected by hazardous heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc, and copper. Heavy metals are liberated in the environment by natural sources like rock weathering, volcanic eruption, and other human activities like industrial discharge, mineral mining, automobile exhaust, and so forth. Heavy metals alter several reproductive functions in both males and females like a decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, spermatogenesis, hormonal imbalance, follicular atresia, and delay in oocyte maturation, and so forth, and thus, forms an important aspect of reproductive toxicology. The present review compiles toxicity aspects of various heavy metals and their efficacy and mechanism of action in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender K Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Aakansha Paliwal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Saraf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Li C, Ran F, Li Z, Huang S, Duanzhi D, Liu Y, Wu M, Li Q, Wang Y, Liu C, Wang Z, Wang G, Jian S, Jin W. Calcineurin Immune Signaling in Response to Zinc Challenge in the Naked Carp Gymnocypris eckloni. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:792-798. [PMID: 33759007 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc pollution impairs neural processes and protein function and also effects calcium-related transcriptional regulation and enzyme activity. In this study, we investigated pathways that potentially respond to calcium signaling under Zn2+ stress. Specifically we measured relative expressions of GeCNAα, GeCNB, GeMT, GeTNF-α, GeIL-1β, and GeHsp90 in gills, livers, and kidneys of the indicator species Gymnocypris eckloni and found wide variation in their expression between tissues during the course of Zn2+ exposure. Notably, GeCNAα, GeCNB, GeTNF-α, GeIL-1β, and GeMT were rapidly and strongly up-regulated in gills; GeIL-1β and GeHsp90 transcription was quickly induced in kidneys; and GeCNB, GeTNF-α, GeIL-1β, and GeHsp90 were most rapidly up-regulated in livers. GeCNAα and GeMT showed a contrasting late transcriptional up-regulation. These results suggest independent branches for chelation and immune responses during self-protection against Zn2+ toxicity, and the immune response appears to be faster than metal chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhong Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Fengxia Ran
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shen Huang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Droma Duanzhi
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Qimei Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Chaoxi Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zhenji Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shenlong Jian
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
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Anae J, Ahmad N, Kumar V, Thakur VK, Gutierrez T, Yang XJ, Cai C, Yang Z, Coulon F. Recent advances in biochar engineering for soil contaminated with complex chemical mixtures: Remediation strategies and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144351. [PMID: 33453509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil have caused serious environmental problems, compromised agriculture quality, and have detrimental effects on all forms of life including humans. There is a need to develop appropriate and effective remediation methods to resolve combined contaminated problems. Although conventional technologies exist to tackle contaminated soils, application of biochar as an effective renewable adsorbent for enhanced bioremediation is considered by many scientific researchers as a promising strategy to mitigate HM/PAH co-contaminated soils. This review aims to: (i) provide an overview of biochar preparation and its application, and (ii) critically discuss and examine the prospects of (bio)engineered biochar for enhancing HMs/PAHs co-remediation efficacy by reducing their mobility and bioavailability. The adsorption effectiveness of a biochar largely depends on the type of biomass material, carbonisation method and pyrolysis conditions. Biochar induced soil immobilise and remove metal ions via various mechanisms including electrostatic attractions, ion exchange, complexation and precipitation. PAHs remediation mechanisms are achieved via pore filling, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and partitioning. During last decade, biochar engineering (modification) via biological and chemical approaches to enhance contaminant removal efficiency has garnered greater interests. Hence, the development and application of (bio)engineered biochars in risk management, contaminant management associated with HM/PAH co-contaminated soil. In terms of (bio)engineered biochar, we review the prospects of amalgamating biochar with hydrogel, digestate and bioaugmentation to produce biochar composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Anae
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK; Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
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58
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Gallego JL, Olivero-Verbel J. Cytogenetic toxicity from pesticide and trace element mixtures in soils used for conventional and organic crops of Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116558. [PMID: 33631688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and trace elements occur in complex mixtures in agroecosystems, affecting soil health and food security. Hence, it is necessary to determine their toxicity in field conditions and to develop monitoring approaches to assess conventional and organic agriculture. The aim of this research was to evaluate the associations between Allium cepa L. cytogenetic biomarkers and the realistic mixture of pesticides and trace elements found in soils of conventional, conversion, and organic crops in an intensive agricultural region in Colombia. Pesticide screening was conducted using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS methods. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc were analyzed by ICP-MS; chromium, copper, nickel, and selenium by ICP-OES; and mercury by a direct analyzer. The meristematic cells in roots of Allium cepa L. were analyzed through microscopic observations to quantify cytogenetic effects. In conventional crops, 26 pesticides were detected in the soil samples, and those were below the limit of quantification in organic crops. The mean levels of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Se were also greater in soils of conventional crops compared to the organics. In addition, the biomarkers of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity appeared augmented in conventional samples, and those were correlated with pesticide and trace element concentrations, pollution indices, and hazard quotients. Subsequently, a discriminant function based on the mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and nuclear abnormalities was suitable to classify the samples by crop type. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of Allium cepa L. to the toxicity of complex mixtures in field crops and its potential as an in-situ approach for soil health monitoring in organic and conventional crop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gallego
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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Chaturvedi A, Bhattacharjee S, Kumar V, Singh AK. A study on the interdependence of heavy metals while contributing to groundwater pollution index. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25798-25807. [PMID: 33471306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of heavy metal to the groundwater pollution index (m-HPI) is dependent on other heavy metals present in it. This contribution may be synergistic or anti-synergistic (antagonistic) depending upon the constituent matrix. Both heavy metal type and its concentration are important. m-HPI, a variant of heavy metal pollution index in water, may be calibrated against USEPA hazard index (HI) using a generic multivariate non-linear regression (MVNLR) model. Excellent correlation may be obtained between HI and m-HPI through optimization of normalized weightage factors of constituent metals that contribute to m-HPI. MVNLR model was employed on groundwater samples of ten sites having different heavy metal matrix. The synergistic/antagonistic contribution of heavy metals to m-HPI was well discernible at each site. This study clearly showed that the individual contribution of a particular heavy metal to pollution index might be altered (enhanced or reduced) in the presence of other heavy metals. A calibrated MVNLR model was successfully used for predicting the hazard index (HI) of water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Chaturvedi
- Natural Resource and Environmental Management Group, CSIR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826015, India
- Department Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharjee
- Natural Resource and Environmental Management Group, CSIR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826015, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Natural Resource and Environmental Management Group, CSIR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826015, India.
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60
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Ali SA, Mittal D, Kaur G. In-situ monitoring of xenobiotics using genetically engineered whole-cell-based microbial biosensors: recent advances and outlook. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:81. [PMID: 33843020 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Industrialisation, directly or indirectly, exposes humans to various xenobiotics. The increased magnitude of chemical pesticides and toxic heavy metals in the environment, as well as their intrusion into the food chain, seriously threatens human health. Therefore, the surveillance of xenobiotics is crucial for social safety and security. Online investigation by traditional methods is not sufficient for the detection and identification of such compounds because of the high costs and their complexity. Advancement in the field of genetic engineering provides a potential opportunity to use genetically modified microorganisms. In this regard, whole-cell-based microbial biosensors (WCBMB) represent an essential tool that couples genetically engineered organisms with an operator/promoter derived from a heavy metal-resistant operon combined with a regulatory protein in the gene circuit. The plasmid controls the expression of the reporter gene, such as gfp, luc, lux and lacZ, to an inducible gene promoter and has been widely applied to assay toxicity and bioavailability. This review summarises the recent trends in the development and application of microbial biosensors and the use of mobile genes for biomedical and environmental safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India. .,Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, 132001, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepti Mittal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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61
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Filimon MN, Dumitrescu G, Caraba IV, Sinitean A, Verdes D, Mituletu M, Cornianu M, Popescu R. Effects of mine waste water on rat: bioaccumulation and histopathological evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20222-20239. [PMID: 33410069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The highlighting of the bioaccumulation capacity of metals in the internal organs, the mode of distribution at the level of internal organs, the interactions between them, respectively, and the histological changes occurred at the level of the liver and kidneys are the main aspects addressed in the present study. The experiment was performed on 4 groups of Wistar rats: 3 groups which were administered water from rivers located in the vicinity of the Bor mining operation and 1 control group. The determination of the metal content in the administered water samples and in the internal organs was performed using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Tissue alterations were assessed by histological technique and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The metal retention capacity in the internal organs differs depending on the metal concentration in the administered water sample but also on the organ in which the determination was made. Also, correlations were established between the concentrations of metals at the level of the organs, showing (a) positive and significant correlations-at the level of the heart between Zn and Cu, Fe, and Mn and at the level of the lungs between Mn and Cd-but the most numerous were reported in the testicle; (b) moderate correlations at liver level between Fe and Zn, at spleen level between Cu and Mn and Cd and at the level of the kidneys between Pb and Zn, Cu, and Fe; (c) negative correlations at renal level between Pb and Mn; and (d) insignificant correlations between Pb and Fe. The histological changes identified at the level of the liver and kidney become more obvious, and their aggravation is registered with the increase of the metal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marioara Nicoleta Filimon
- Department Biology-Chemistry, Faculty Chemistry-Biology-Geography, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi 16, RO 300315, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabi Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Mihai I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, RO 300645, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Ion Valeriu Caraba
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Mihai I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, RO 300645, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sinitean
- Department Biology-Chemistry, Faculty Chemistry-Biology-Geography, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi 16, RO 300315, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Doina Verdes
- Department of Morphologic microscopy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E. Murgu 2, RO 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Mituletu
- Department of Morphologic microscopy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E. Murgu 2, RO 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marioara Cornianu
- Department of Morphologic microscopy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E. Murgu 2, RO 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Department of Morphologic microscopy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", E. Murgu 2, RO 300041, Timisoara, Romania
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Kucharska K, Binkowski ŁJ, Dudzik K. Spatial and temporal trends in mercury levels in the down of black stork chicks in central Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116571. [PMID: 33540253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Piscivorous avian species may be affected by mercury (Hg) which tends to accumulate in aquatic environments and biomagnifies across the food webs. One of such species is the black stork, whose population increase recently slowed down due to unknown reasons. At the same time Hg contamination and its effects were almost unaudited for this species, so it may have exerted deleterious effects on the population and an evaluation is necessary. This is the first study of this species concerning Hg contamination. Thus, Hg concentrations were investigated in the down of black stork chicks (N = 90) from breeding locations in central and southern Poland (Europe) between 2015 and 2017. As well as Hg levels, morphometric parameters and age were evaluated. Mean Hg concentrations reached 0.7 μg/g d.w. and differed significantly between years, from the lowest value noted in 2017 (mean 0.5 μg/g), through 2016 (0.7 μg/g), to the highest one in 2015 (0.9 μg/g), and between nest locations where higher Hg levels were generally found in northern parts of the study area. Hg concentrations were also unrelated to morphometric parameters. Contrarily, morphometric parameters revealed high correlations between themselves, which was confirmed by the cluster analysis (revealing only two clusters) and principal component analysis (the first PC explained 96.8% of the variance). Hg levels in the down of black storks were rather low with the fluctuation between years and nest locations probably caused by parental exposure during wintering, migration, pre-breeding season and recent exposure through food provided by parents. Such low Hg concentrations seemed not to affect the population from the region studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kucharska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Łukasz J Binkowski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Dudzik
- Eagle Conservation Committee, Niepodległości 53/55, 10-044, Olsztyn, Poland.
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63
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Rosa AC, Corsi D, Cavi N, Bruni N, Dosio F. Superoxide Dismutase Administration: A Review of Proposed Human Uses. Molecules 2021; 26:1844. [PMID: 33805942 PMCID: PMC8037464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a major role in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in the body. SOD supplementation may therefore trigger the endogenous antioxidant machinery for the neutralization of free-radical excess and be used in a variety of pathological settings. This paper aimed to provide an extensive review of the possible uses of SODs in a range of pathological settings, as well as describe the current pitfalls and the delivery strategies that are in development to solve bioavailability issues. We carried out a PubMed query, using the keywords "SOD", "SOD mimetics", "SOD supplementation", which included papers published in the English language, between 2012 and 2020, on the potential therapeutic applications of SODs, including detoxification strategies. As highlighted in this paper, it can be argued that the generic antioxidant effects of SODs are beneficial under all tested conditions, from ocular and cardiovascular diseases to neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases, including diabetes and its complications and obesity. However, it must be underlined that clinical evidence for its efficacy is limited and consequently, this efficacy is currently far from being demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Daniele Corsi
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Niccolò Cavi
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Natascia Bruni
- Istituto Farmaceutico Candioli, Strada Comunale di None, 1, 10092 Beinasco, Italy;
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
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64
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Hasanein P, Rahdar A, Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi S, Kumar A, Kyzas GZ. Manganese/cerium nanoferrites: Synthesis and toxicological effects by intraperitoneal administration in rats. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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65
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Dahmardeh Behrooz R, Poma G. Evaluation of Mercury Contamination in Iranian Wild Cats Through Hair Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:166-172. [PMID: 32306286 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to its environmental persistence and bioaccumulative properties, mercury is considered highly toxic to humans, ecosystems, and wildlife. The present study aimed to investigate the total mercury (Hg) concentrations in hair samples of 40 wild cats belonging to eight different species collected from various provinces of Iran and to characterize their risk of Hg exposure. Total Hg levels in Iranian wild cats ranged from 62 to 3670 ng/g dw hair, with a median value of 488 ng/g dw hair. The lowest median Hg concentration was found in west Iran (251 ng/g dw hair), while the highest median level was measured in the north-east of the country (736 ng/g dw hair), likely related to its past use in agriculture and potential contamination of industrial effluents. The overall contamination of Iranian wild cats with mercury can be considered generally low, but 20% of the samples reached levels above 1100 ng/g dw hair, set as indicative of an environmental Hg concern according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Our data are comparable with other investigations on wildlife worldwide, confirming the suitability of museum collection specimens to assess the environmental levels of Hg. We showed that, while diet and habitat can influence the mercury accumulation in wild cats, complementary factors, such as age, size, and interspecific metabolic differences, should be considered as well in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan, Iran.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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66
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Etchie AT, Etchie TO, Elemile OO, Boladale O, Oni T, Akanno I, Bankole DT, Ibitoye OO, Pillarisetti A, Sivanesan S, Afolabi TY, Krishnamurthi K, Swaminathan N. Burn to kill: Wood ash a silent killer in Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141316. [PMID: 32814289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aside the emissions, burning of wood in traditional cookstoves (TCs) also generates substantial amount of ash containing hazardous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxic metals. But, their concentrations in the ash, particularly in Africa where over 70% of the population utilize TCs, remain unknown. Here, we determined concentrations of sixteen PAHs and eleven heavy metals in ashes from twelve different African TCs, comprising six three-stone fires (TSFs) and six built-in-place cookstoves (BIPCs), burning common African wood species under real world situation. For each TC, ash samples were collected for six consecutive days (Monday-Saturday), and a total of seventy-two daily samples were collected from January-June 2019. Ash yields were measured gravimetrically, and concentrations of the pollutants were determined following standard analytical protocols. The results were used alongside secondary data (annual fuelwood consumption, African fuelwood densities, population proportion using fuelwood and surface human population density) to estimate annual tonnage, exposure potential and risk to health in Africa, using Monte Carlo simulation technique. The ash yields from all TCs studied exceeded 1% on dry weight basis, indicating that ash is a major waste by-product of wood combustion in TCs. TSFs produced more ash (5.7 ± 0.7%) than BIPCs (3.4 ± 1.0%). Concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in ashes were significantly higher (α = 0.05) for TSFs than BIPCs. In contrast, concentrations of PAHs were higher in ashes from BIPCs than TSFs. Assuming ash consumption rates range from 250 to 500 mg/day for young children weighing 10 to 30 kg, the upper dose (μg/kg-day) of Pb (0.2-3.9) or Σ16PAHs (0.02-0.34), for instance, surpasses the 0.3 μg/kg-day of Pb or PAH recognized as causing adverse effects in children, indicating a concern. The top five countries with the highest annual tonnage or exposure potential to toxic pollutants are Nigeria>Ethiopia>DR-Congo>Tanzania>Uganda, or Rwanda>Burundi>Uganda>Nigeria>Guinea-Bissau, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oluwatobi Boladale
- Department of Physical Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
| | - Timileyin Oni
- Department of Civil Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeanyi Akanno
- Department of Civil Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Ajay Pillarisetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India.
| | | | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India.
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Sources and Toxicity of Mercury in the San Francisco Bay Area, Spanning California and Beyond. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:8184614. [PMID: 33014081 PMCID: PMC7519205 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8184614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This report synthesizes and evaluates published scientific literature on the environmental occurrence and biomagnification of mercury with emphasis on the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA), California. Mercury forms various compounds, well known for their toxicity in humans and environmental ecosystems. Elemental mercury is transported and distributed by air, water, and sediments. Through the metabolic processes of algae and bacteria, mercury is converted into organic compounds, such as methylmercury (MeHg), which then bioaccumulates up through trophic levels. In fish, it is found primarily in skeletal muscle, while in humans, the primary target organs are the brain and kidneys. Health concerns exist regarding bioaccumulation of mercury in humans. This paper reviews the known anthropogenic sources of mercury contamination, including atmospheric deposition through aerial transport from coal burning power plants, cement production, and residual contaminants of mercury from gold mining, as well as mercury-containing waste from silver amalgams emitted from dental offices into waterways. Although tools exist for measuring mercury levels in hair, breast milk, urine, blood, and feces in humans, current diagnostic tools are inadequate in measuring total mercury load, including deposited mercury in tissues. Additionally, insufficient attention is being paid to potential synergistic impacts of mercury interaction with multipliers such as lead, cadmium, and aluminum. We provide specific data on methylmercury concentrations at different trophic levels, followed by recommendations for reducing the level of mercury in the SFBA in order to protect the health of humans and other species.
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68
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Das L, Paik SP, Sen K. Selective interaction of synthetic and natural pesticides with metal ions in micellar media: extractions using aqueous biphasic systems. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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69
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Zhang S, Sun L, Zhang J, Liu S, Han J, Liu Y. Adverse Impact of Heavy Metals on Bone Cells and Bone Metabolism Dependently and Independently through Anemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000383. [PMID: 33042736 PMCID: PMC7539179 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence is revealing that heavy metals can incur disordered bone homeostasis, leading to the development of degenerative bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative disk disease, and osteomalacia. Meanwhile, heavy metal-induced anemia has been found to be intertwined with degenerative bone diseases. However, the relationship and interplay among these adverse outcomes remain elusive. Thus, it is of importance to shed light on the modes of action (MOAs) and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) responsible for degenerative bone diseases and anemia under exposure to heavy metals. In the current Review, the epidemiological and experimental findings are recapitulated to interrogate the contributions of heavy metals to degenerative bone disease development which may be attributable dependently and independently to anemia. A few likely mechanisms are postulated for anemia-independent degenerative bone diseases, including dysregulated osteogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, imbalanced bone formation and resorption, and disturbed homeostasis of essential trace elements. By contrast, remodeled bone microarchitecture, inhibited erythropoietin production, and disordered iron homeostasis are speculated to account for anemia-associated degenerative bone disorders upon heavy metal exposure. Together, this Review aims to elaborate available literature to fill in the knowledge gaps in understanding the detrimental effects of heavy metals on bone cells and bone homeostasis through different perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250014China
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong250062China
| | - Li Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250014China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250014China
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong250062China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong250062China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100035China
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70
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Arowoogun J, Akanni OO, Adefisan AO, Owumi SE, Tijani AS, Adaramoye OA. Rutin ameliorates copper sulfate-induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22623. [PMID: 32881150 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to Copper (Cu) may result in Cu toxicity and adversely affect health outcomes. We investigated the protective role of rutin on Cu-induced brain damage. Experimental rats were treated as follows: group I: control; group II: Cu-sulfate: 200 mg/kg; group III: Cu-sulfate, and rutin 100 mg/kg; and group IV: rutin 100 mg/kg, for 7 weeks. Cu only treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, while rutin cotreatment reversed this decrease. Cu treatment increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide level, and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat brain. Immunohistochemistry showed that COX-2, iNOS, and Bcl-2 proteins were strongly expressed, while Bax was mildly expressed in the brain of Cu-treated rats. Furthermore, brain histology revealed degenerated neurons, and perforated laminae of cerebral cortex in the Cu-only treated rats. Interestingly, coadministration of Cu and rutin reduced the observed histological alteration, improved inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, thereby protecting against Cu-induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Arowoogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola O Akanni
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin O Adefisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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71
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Singh N, Tiwari P, Sharma B. Kinetic characterization of rat brain acetylcholinesterase modulated by lead and cartap: the ameliorative effect of Citrus limon fruit juice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 33:243-254. [PMID: 32924379 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Human exposure to heavy metals and pesticides is a worldwide major health problem. These environmental pollutants have been considered as the most neurotoxic agents and responsible to causing neurological toxicity. Plant-based therapeutic supplement may be used in the event of toxicity. Citrus limon contains several useful bioactive ingredients including flavonoids, dietary fiber, carotenoids, vitamins, pectin, minerals, and essential oils, which are responsible for its therapeutic potential. In the present investigation, we have studied the toxicity of heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and a carbamate pesticide such as cartap (Cp) on rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Methods The chemical characterization of C. limon involved determination of total antioxidants and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging activity using known methods. The AChE activity and its kinetic characterization were performed by assaying the enzyme activity at varying substrate concentrations, pH, temperature, and time of reaction. Its different kinetic parameters such as K i , V max, K m , K cat, and K cat/K m were determined by using standard procedures. The amelioration potential of the extract was evaluated on the neurotransmission system of rat brain AChE treated with Pb, Cp, and their combination (Pb-Cp), considering their 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Results The optimal activity of rat brain AChE was recorded at 25 µg of protein, pH of 7.4, substrate concentration [S] of 0.5 mM, and temperature of 37.4-40°C. The enzyme was stable for 10 min when incubated at 37.4 °C in vitro. The enzyme displayed 70% of its activity remaining even after 160 min of incubation in this condition. It may be stable up to 1 month when stored at -20°C. The IC50 values for Pb, Cp, and Pb-Cp were found to be 75, 2.9, and 5 mM, respectively. Pb, Cp, and Pb-Cp inhibited the activity of rat brain AChE in the noncompetitive, mixed, and uncompetitive manners, respectively, with their respective K i values to be 675, 2.37, and 22.72 mM. Conclusions The results indicated that the Pb and Cp were able to cause significant alterations in the level and properties of AChE. However, the introduction of lemon juice on Pb- and Cp-treated AChE indicated protection of its activity from their adverse effects. The results may be useful in prospective therapeutic applications of lemon juice or as a food supplement to protect mammalian systems from adverse effects of these toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Priyanka Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Nguyen TP, Ruppert H, Pasold T, Sauer B. Paddy soil geochemistry, uptake of trace elements by rice grains (Oryza sativa) and resulting health risks in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2377-2397. [PMID: 31686290 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil geochemistry and phytoavailable trace elements were investigated in 80 paddy soil samples and corresponding rice grains from the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam. Soil parameters like Fe-, Al-, and Mn-phases, organic matter, and pH-value determine element concentrations in soil and affect their transfer into rice grains. Arsenic exceeded the allowed limit for Vietnamese agricultural soils in 11% of the samples, presumably caused by natural processes. Lead surpassed the limit in one soil sample. Other toxic elements were close to their natural concentrations and far below allowable limits for agricultural soil. There was no clear correlation of trace element concentrations in soils with those in corresponding grains, even if the different soil parameters and the large pH-range between 3.7 and 6.8 were considered. To assess health risks of critical elements in rice, the thresholds of tolerable upper intake level for total food and drinking water (UL) and of permissible maximum concentration (MC) for rice grains were evaluated. Surprisingly, rice grains grown on non- or low-polluted soils can surpass the upper limits. According to the UL concept, 12% of the grains exceeded the UL of As, 29% that of Cd, and 27% that of Pb for each gender. According to the MC concept, 5% of the rice grains exceeded the MC of inorganic As for adults and 38% that for young children. 24% of the grains surpassed the MC of Pb, while Cd in all grains was below the MC. The differing results of the UL and MC approaches show an urgent need for revision and harmonization concerning As, Cd, and Pb limits, especially regarding countries with high rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Resource and Environment Management, Faculty of Land Resources and Agricultural Environment, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, 102 Phung Hung Street, Hue City, Vietnam.
| | - Hans Ruppert
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tino Pasold
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sauer
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Kumar A, Pandey R, Sharma B. Modulation of Superoxide Dismutase Activity by Mercury, Lead, and Arsenic. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:654-661. [PMID: 31925741 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, mercury and lead are the environmental toxicants which exert their toxic effects through binding with certain proteins including their structures and functions. The toxicity of these heavy metal results is associated to its interaction with the metalloenzymes. They replace the essential metals required for normal biochemical functions of enzymes. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), a metalloenzyme, requires certain cofactors such as Cu2+ and Zn2+ for their optimal activity. However, the studies on the in vitro kinetic characterization of SOD from the rat liver cytosolic fraction have not been reported. The main objective of this study concerns the determination of the effect of three heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, and lead on the activity of cytosolic SOD isolated from post nuclear supernatant (PNS) of rat liver. The activity of SOD was calculated using pyrogallol as a substrate. The stability and the sensitivity of enzyme activity were measured by assaying the enzyme activity at different temperature conditions. In order to determine the IC50 of the heavy metals, the enzyme activity was monitored in the presence of different concentrations of heavy metals. The values of all kinetic parameters including Km, Vmax, and Kcat were calculated by assaying SOD in the presence and absence of heavy metals. The results indicated that these heavy metals were able to significantly modulate the kinetic behavior of hepatic SOD. The data from present study could be utilized to develop suitable antidotes to mitigate the adverse effects of these heavy metals. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.
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Jayasinghe S, Zhu YG. Response to the commentary by M.W.C. Dharma-wardana on 'Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu): Using a system dynamics model to conceptualize the multiple environmental causative pathways of the epidemic'. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137591. [PMID: 32139092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Jayasinghe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Environmental Soil Science and Biogeochemistry, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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Kladsomboon S, Jaiyen C, Choprathumma C, Tusai T, Apilux A. Heavy metals contamination in soil, surface water, crops, and resident blood in Uthai District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:545-561. [PMID: 31432346 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) contamination in soil, surface water, and crops in Uthai District, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand, an agricultural area located near an industrial park. Further, the blood levels of these metals in residents living in the study area are investigated. The concentrations of the six metals in soil were below the values permitted under the Soil Quality Standard, Thailand. In contrast, the concentrations of As and Hg in surface water exceeded the permissible limits. For the crops, all heavy metal values in eggplant, kale, and rice were at safe levels. However, in basil, both Hg and Cu levels exceeded the permissible limits, and in coriander, Hg content exceeded the permissible limit. Additionally, the potential health risks of heavy metal exposure through consumption of local crops were assessed using target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard indices (HIs). The former values of the crops varied. 100.0% for As, 40% for Cd, 60% for Cu, 20% for Pb, and 30% for Zn of the analyzed samples had THQs above 1. This indicated that consumers were probably exposed to some non-carcinogenic health risk (except for Hg which was 0%). Of greater concern, the HI values of each consumed crop were > 1, indicating obvious risk of adverse health effect. Finally, the heavy metal levels in blood from a sample of local residents (n = 16) were assessed along with blood chemistry tests. The levels of all heavy metals were within the normal ranges. Nevertheless, heavy metal contamination in both the environment and food crops raise concerns of health risks to the residents of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Kladsomboon
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chakkaphop Jaiyen
- Community Health Care Service, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 2 Wang Lang Road Siriraj, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chalisa Choprathumma
- Community Health Care Service, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 2 Wang Lang Road Siriraj, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Thitaporn Tusai
- Community Health Care Service, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 2 Wang Lang Road Siriraj, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Amara Apilux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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76
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Heavy metal and pesticide exposure: A mixture of potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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77
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Naderi N, Souri M, Nasr Esfahani MH, Hajian M, Tanhaei Vash N. Ferulago angulata extract ameliorates epididymal sperm toxicity in mice induced by lead and diazinon. Andrology 2020; 8:706-718. [PMID: 31747138 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential toxicity that results from environmental xenobiotics is not completely known. Increasing levels of heavy metals and the use of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and their co-existence in the environment could be associated with an increasing incidence of male reproductive system disorders in humans and animals. Ferulago angulata is a dietary source of phenolic compounds with reported health benefits. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate whether an extract of Ferulago angulata could protect adult male NMRI mice against reproductive toxicity induced by lead acetate (PbAc), diazinon (DZN), or PbAc + DZN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male NMRI mice were exposed to either 0.5% PbAc in drinking water, DZN (3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection), or PbAc + DZN in the presence or absence of 400 mg/kg/day Ferulago angulata hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) that was administered via gavage for 6 weeks. RESULTS Chronic exposure to PbAc, DZN, and PbAc + DZN decreased sperm quality, sperm chromatin maturity and integrity, increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and could reduce male fertility indices. Co-administration of FAE could reduce these negative effects. CONCLUSION The Ferulago angulata extract should be considered as a useful natural extract for the treatment of male infertility, especially in males exposed to conditions which induce reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushin Naderi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Souri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nima Tanhaei Vash
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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78
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Salminen LE, Wilcox RR, Zhu AH, Riedel BC, Ching CRK, Rashid F, Thomopoulos SI, Saremi A, Harrison MB, Ragothaman A, Knight V, Boyle CP, Medland SE, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. Altered Cortical Brain Structure and Increased Risk for Disease Seen Decades After Perinatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: A Study of 9000 Adults in the UK Biobank. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5217-5233. [PMID: 31271414 PMCID: PMC6918926 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondhand smoke exposure is a major public health risk that is especially harmful to the developing brain, but it is unclear if early exposure affects brain structure during middle age and older adulthood. Here we analyzed brain MRI data from the UK Biobank in a population-based sample of individuals (ages 44-80) who were exposed (n = 2510) or unexposed (n = 6079) to smoking around birth. We used robust statistical models, including quantile regressions, to test the effect of perinatal smoke exposure (PSE) on cortical surface area (SA), thickness, and subcortical volumes. We hypothesized that PSE would be associated with cortical disruption in primary sensory areas compared to unexposed (PSE-) adults. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, SA was significantly lower in the pericalcarine (PCAL), inferior parietal (IPL), and regions of the temporal and frontal cortex of PSE+ adults; these abnormalities were associated with increased risk for several diseases, including circulatory and endocrine conditions. Sensitivity analyses conducted in a hold-out group of healthy participants (exposed, n = 109, unexposed, n = 315) replicated the effect of PSE on SA in the PCAL and IPL. Collectively our results show a negative, long term effect of PSE on sensory cortices that may increase risk for disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Rand R Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Brandalyn C Riedel
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Marc B Harrison
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Victoria Knight
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Christina P Boyle
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
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Environmental health research challenges in Africa: Insights from symposia organized by the ISEE Africa Chapter at ISES-ISEE 2018. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3:e074. [PMID: 33778343 PMCID: PMC7939437 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
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80
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Jiao D, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Ji L. Nephroprotective effect of wogonin against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress-induced MAPK and NF-kB pathway in Sprague Dawley rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1082-1091. [PMID: 31132876 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the responsible factors for causing renal diseases. For the treatment or prevention of the renal disease, antioxidants use could be a hopeful therapeutic mediation as they block the oxidative reaction along with inflammatory process. Wogonin (Wog) is a plant flavonoid, a pharmacologically active component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qui), which exhibits antioxidant activity. In this investigation, we explored the nephroprotective activity of Wog on cadmium (Cd)-induced nephron toxicity in rats. Administering (10 and 20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally diminished Cd-induced anomalies in kidney histology and creatinine and serum urea levels. Wog therapy reduced the Cd-influenced generation of inflammatory mediators, inclusive of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1 beta. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Wog abolished proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 stimulation, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In all, Wog demonstrated antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in Cd- intoxicated rats by obstructing OS and activation of NF-κB via restricting the stimulation of upstream kinases inclusive of MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jiao
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Q Jiang
- 2 Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Liu
- 2 Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Ji
- 3 Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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81
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Mwakalapa EB, Simukoko CK, Mmochi AJ, Mdegela RH, Berg V, Bjorge Müller MH, Lyche JL, Polder A. Heavy metals in farmed and wild milkfish (Chanos chanos) and wild mullet (Mugil cephalus) along the coasts of Tanzania and associated health risk for humans and fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:176-186. [PMID: 30822724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, farmed milkfish (Chanos chanos) from Tanzania mainland (Mtwara), and Zanzibar islands (Pemba and Unguja) and wild milkfish and mullet (Mugil cephalus) from the Indian Ocean were collected for analyses of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Cr) in muscles and livers. High concentrations of Pb were detected in muscles and livers from wild and farmed milkfish and wild mullet from all sites. The highest concentration of Pb was detected in wild milkfish liver from Mtwara (47.4 mg/kg ww). The Pb concentrations in fish muscle exceeded maximum levels (ML) set by FAO/WHO (0.3 mg/kg ww) in 100% of the analysed fish. Concentrations of Pb were higher in wild fish than in farmed fish. Cd concentrations were generally low. The comparison of the Hg concentration with EQSBiota indicated that Hg might pose potential health risk to 22% of the analysed fish. Median concentrations of Fe in livers from farmed milkfish from Jozani and Shakani, Zanzibar, were 40-80 times higher than the other sites. Assessment of human health risk and exposure to heavy metals indicated no potential risk from consuming the fish from the present study locations. However, the Pb concentrations exceeding ML in the fish suggests that Pb may affect the health of fish. Future investigations should include regular monitoring of heavy metals in farmed and wild fish in Tanzania for further development of sustainable aquaculture and the welfare of the wild fish stock in the coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Brown Mwakalapa
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, P. O. Box 668, Mizingani Road, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Department of Natural Sciences, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | | | - Aviti John Mmochi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, P. O. Box 668, Mizingani Road, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Robinson Hammerthon Mdegela
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box, 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Vidar Berg
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Helen Bjorge Müller
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Tsiaoussis J, Antoniou MN, Koliarakis I, Mesnage R, Vardavas CI, Izotov BN, Psaroulaki A, Tsatsakis A. Effects of single and combined toxic exposures on the gut microbiome: Current knowledge and future directions. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:72-97. [PMID: 31034867 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human populations are chronically exposed to mixtures of toxic chemicals. Predicting the health effects of these mixtures require a large amount of information on the mode of action of their components. Xenobiotic metabolism by bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract has a major influence on human health. Our review aims to explore the literature for studies looking to characterize the different modes of action and outcomes of major chemical pollutants, and some components of cosmetics and food additives, on gut microbial communities in order to facilitate an estimation of their potential mixture effects. We identified good evidence that exposure to heavy metals, pesticides, nanoparticles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and non-caloric artificial sweeteners affect the gut microbiome and which is associated with the development of metabolic, malignant, inflammatory, or immune diseases. Answering the question 'Who is there?' is not sufficient to define the mode of action of a toxicant in predictive modeling of mixture effects. Therefore, we recommend that new studies focus to simulate real-life exposure to diverse chemicals (toxicants, cosmetic/food additives), including as mixtures, and which combine metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomic analytical methods achieving in that way a comprehensive evaluation of effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Koliarakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Constantine I Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Boris N Izotov
- Department of Analytical, Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Psaroulaki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Analytical, Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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83
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Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081583. [PMID: 31013638 PMCID: PMC6514564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1043] [Impact Index Per Article: 208.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is proposed as a regulatory element in ageing and various neurological disorders. The excess of oxidants causes a reduction of antioxidants, which in turn produce an oxidation-reduction imbalance in organisms. Paucity of the antioxidant system generates oxidative-stress, characterized by elevated levels of reactive species (oxygen, hydroxyl free radical, and so on). Mitochondria play a key role in ATP supply to cells via oxidative phosphorylation, as well as synthesis of essential biological molecules. Various redox reactions catalyzed by enzymes take place in the oxidative phosphorylation process. An inefficient oxidative phosphorylation may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial redox metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and proteolytic pathways are found to be the major and potential source of free radicals. A lower concentration of ROS is essential for normal cellular signaling, whereas the higher concentration and long-time exposure of ROS cause damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins, ultimately resulting in necrosis and apoptotic cell death. Normal and proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is entirely dependent on the chemical integrity of brain. It is well established that the brain consumes a large amount of oxygen and is highly rich in lipid content, becoming prone to oxidative stress. A high consumption of oxygen leads to excessive production of ROS. Apart from this, the neuronal membranes are found to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are highly susceptible to ROS. Various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others, can be the result of biochemical alteration (due to oxidative stress) in bimolecular components. There is a need to understand the processes and role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. This review is an effort towards improving our understanding of the pivotal role played by OS in neurodegenerative disorders.
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84
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Subramaniam MN, Goh PS, Lau WJ, Ismail AF. The Roles of Nanomaterials in Conventional and Emerging Technologies for Heavy Metal Removal: A State-of-the-Art Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E625. [PMID: 30999639 PMCID: PMC6523656 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution in waterways is a serious threat towards global water security, as high dosages of HM poisoning can significantly harm all living organisms. Researchers have developed promising methods to isolate, separate, or reduce these HMs from water bodies to overcome this. This includes techniques, such as adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane removal. Nanomaterials play an integral role in all of these remediation techniques. Nanomaterials of different shapes have been atomically designed via various synthesis techniques, such as hydrothermal, wet chemical synthesis, and so on to develop unique nanomaterials with exceptional properties, including high surface area and porosity, modified surface charge, increment in active sites, enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, and improved HM removal selectivity. In this work, a comprehensive review on the role that nanomaterials play in removing HM from waterways. The unique characteristics of the nanomaterials, synthesis technique, and removal principles are presented. A detailed visualisation of HM removal performances and the mechanisms behind this improvement is also detailed. Finally, the future directions for the development of nanomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesan Naidu Subramaniam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia.
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85
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Terpilowska S, Siwicki AK. Cell cycle and transmembrane mitochondrial potential analysis after treatment with chromium(iii), iron(iii), molybdenum(iii) or nickel(ii) and their mixtures. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:188-195. [PMID: 30931100 PMCID: PMC6404159 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of chromium(iii), iron(iii), molybdenum(iii) and nickel(ii) and their combinations on the cell cycle and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) in BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells. A statistically significant dose related decrease of the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 and S phases was observed. However, a statistically significant dose related increase of the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase after exposure to chromium(iii), nickel(ii) or molybdenum(iii) at 200-1000 μM concentrations in both cell lines was observed. Moreover, an increase of the percentage of cells in the subG1 phase was observed. In both cell lines a statistically significant dose related decrease of the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase after exposure to iron(iii) at 200-1000 μM concentrations was observed. However, a statistically significant dose related increase of the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase after exposure to iron(iii) at 200-1000 μM concentrations was observed. A concentration dependent statistically significant decrease in the level of the MTP was observed in both cell lines after exposure to chromium(iii), iron(iii), nickel(ii) and molybdenum(iii). The results obtained from both cell lines show that HepG2 cells are more sensitive when compared to BALB/3T3 cells. Additions of Cr(iii) at 200 μM plus Fe(iii) at 1000 μM showed a synergistic effect on the cell cycle and MTP. In the case of Cr(iii) at 200 μM plus Mo(iii) at 1000 μM, an antagonistic effect was observed in both analyses. In the case of Cr(iii) at 1000 μM plus Mo(iii), Ni(ii) and Fe(iii) at 200 μM, no changes in the percentage of cells in all phases were observed in both cell lines in both analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Terpilowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology , Institute of Environmental Engineering , The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin , Raclawickie 14 Av. , 20-950 Lublin , Poland .
| | - Andrzej K Siwicki
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Oczapowskiego 13 Str. , 10-957 Olsztyn , Poland .
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86
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Kumar A, Gill JPS, Bedi JS, Kumar A. Pesticide residues in Indian raw honeys, an indicator of environmental pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34005-34016. [PMID: 30280339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Honey has multifaceted beneficial properties, but polluted environment and unapproved apicultural practices have led to its contamination. In this study, QuEChERS method followed by chromatographic analysis by GC-μECD/FTD and GC-MS was validated and used for determination of 24 pesticides in 100 raw honey samples from various floral origins of Northern India. Matrix-matched calibrations showed that the method was selective and linear (r2 > 0.99) with detection limit < 9.1 ng g-1 for all the studied pesticides except for monocrotophos (21.3 ng g-1). The average recoveries at different fortification levels ranged from 86.0 to 107.7% with relative standard deviation < 20%. Pesticide residues were detected in 19.0% samples, and most prevalent compounds detected were dichlorvos in 6.0% samples followed by monocrotophos (5.0%), profenofos (5.0%), permethrin (4.0%), ethion (3.0%), and lindane (3.0%) with concentrations ranging from 58.8 to 225.5, from 96.0 to 430.1, from 14.6 to 43.2, from 27.8 to 39.6, from 25.6 to 28.0, and from 19.6 to 99.2 ng g-1, respectively. Honey samples originating from cotton, sunflower, and mustard crops (33.3%) that tested positive for pesticide residues were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the honey originating from natural and fruity vegetation (13.5%). Therefore, considering the contamination of environmental compartments due to extensive application of pesticides in the study area and their potential for subsequent transfer to honey by the expeditious bees, the results of present study proclaim that honey may be used as an indicator of environmental pollution. Further, estimated daily intakes of all contaminants were found to be at levels well below their acceptable daily intakes suggesting that consumption of honeys at current levels does not pose deleterious effects on human health. However, precautionary measures should always be taken considering the customary honey feeding in infants and cumulative effect of these chemicals in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India.
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India.
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
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87
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Susan A, Rajendran K, Sathyasivam K, Krishnan UM. An overview of plant-based interventions to ameliorate arsenic toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:838-852. [PMID: 30551538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial and technological advancements in the world have also contributed to the rapid deterioration in the environment quality through introduction of obnoxious pollutants that threaten to destroy the subtle balance in the ecosystem. The environment contaminants cause severe adverse effects to humans, flora and fauna that are mostly irreversible. Chief among these toxicants is arsenic, a metalloid, which is considered among the most dangerous environmental toxins that leads to various diseases which affect the quality of life even when present in small quantities. Treatment of arsenic-mediated disorders still remains a challenge due to lack of effective options. Chelation therapy has been the most widely used method to detoxify arsenic. But this method is associated with deleterious effects leading various toxicities such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and other adverse effects. It has been discovered that indigenous drugs of plant origin display effective and progressive relief from arsenic-mediated toxicity without any side-effects. Further, these phytochemicals have also been found to aid the elimination of arsenic from the biological system and therefore can be more effective than conventional therapeutic agents in ameliorating arsenic-mediated toxicity. This review presents an overview of the toxic effects of arsenic and the therapeutic strategies that are available to mitigate the toxic effects with emphasis on chelation as well as protective and detoxifying activities of different phytochemicals and herbal drugs against arsenic. This information may serve as a primer in identifying novel prophylactic as well as therapeutic formulations against arsenic-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Susan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Kaviarasi Sathyasivam
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
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88
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Geng Y, Jiang L, Jiang H, Wang L, Peng Y, Wang C, Shi X, Gu J, Wang Y, Zhu J, Dai L, Xu Y, Liu X. Assessment of heavy metals, fungicide quintozene and its hazardous impurity residues in medicalPanax notoginseng(Burk) F.H.Chen root. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4378. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Geng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Linjie Jiang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Hongxin Jiang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Lu Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Yi Peng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Ce Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Jing Gu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Jiachao Zhu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Lihong Dai
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety; Ministry of Agriculture; Tianjin China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing; Tianjin China
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89
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Singh N, Kumar A, Gupta VK, Sharma B. Biochemical and Molecular Bases of Lead-Induced Toxicity in Mammalian Systems and Possible Mitigations. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1009-1021. [PMID: 30178661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of lead exposure on mammals are reported to be devastating. Lead is present in all the abiotic environmental components such as brass, dust, plumbing fixtures, soil, water, and lead mixed imported products. Its continuous use for several industrial and domestic purposes has caused a rise in its levels, thereby posing serious threats to human health. The mechanisms involved in lead-induced toxicity primarily include free-radical-mediated generation of oxidative stress which directly imbalances the prooxidants and the antioxidants in body. The toxicity of lead involves damage primarily to major biomolecules (lipid, protein, and nucleic acids) and liver (hepatotoxicity), nervous system (neurotoxicity), kidney (nephrotoxicity) and DNA (genotoxicity), present in animals and humans. The activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, or Akt and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways are important for lead cytotoxicity. Lead increased apoptosis through signaling cascade and associated factors and significantly impairs cell differentiation and maturation. In addition, lead has great impact on metabolic pathways such as heme synthesis, thereby leading to the onset of anemia in lead exposed people. This review encompasses an updated account of varied aspects of lead-induced oxidative stress and the biomolecular consequences such as perturbations in physiological processes, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, hormonal imbalance, loss of vision, and reduced fertility and their possible remediation through synthetic (chelators) and natural compounds (plant-based principles). This paper is primarily concerned with the biomedical implications of lead-induced generation of free radical and the toxicity management in the mammalian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
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90
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Bhat SV, Sultana T, Körnig A, McGrath S, Shahina Z, Dahms TES. Correlative atomic force microscopy quantitative imaging-laser scanning confocal microscopy quantifies the impact of stressors on live cells in real-time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8305. [PMID: 29844489 PMCID: PMC5973941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to assess the effect of anthropogenic chemicals on model cells prior to their release, helping to predict their potential impact on the environment and human health. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have each provided an abundance of information on cell physiology. In addition to determining surface architecture, AFM in quantitative imaging (QI) mode probes surface biochemistry and cellular mechanics using minimal applied force, while LSCM offers a window into the cell for imaging fluorescently tagged macromolecules. Correlative AFM-LSCM produces complimentary information on different cellular characteristics for a comprehensive picture of cellular behaviour. We present a correlative AFM-QI-LSCM assay for the simultaneous real-time imaging of living cells in situ, producing multiplexed data on cell morphology and mechanics, surface adhesion and ultrastructure, and real-time localization of multiple fluorescently tagged macromolecules. To demonstrate the broad applicability of this method for disparate cell types, we show altered surface properties, internal molecular arrangement and oxidative stress in model bacterial, fungal and human cells exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AFM-QI-LSCM is broadly applicable to a variety of cell types and can be used to assess the impact of any multitude of contaminants, alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya V Bhat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Taranum Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - André Körnig
- JPK Instruments, JPK Instruments AG, Colditzstr. 34-36, 12099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seamus McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Zinnat Shahina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Tanya E S Dahms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
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