51
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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52
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Kitamura T, Doughty-Shenton D, Cassetta L, Fragkogianni S, Brownlie D, Kato Y, Carragher N, Pollard JW. Monocytes Differentiate to Immune Suppressive Precursors of Metastasis-Associated Macrophages in Mouse Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2004. [PMID: 29387063 PMCID: PMC5776392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs) play pivotal roles in breast cancer metastasis by promoting extravasation and survival of metastasizing cancer cells. In a metastatic breast cancer mouse model, we previously reported that circulating classical monocytes (C-MOs) preferentially migrated into the tumor-challenged lung where they differentiated into MAMs. However, the fate and characteristics of C-MOs in the metastatic site has not been defined. In this study, we identified that adoptively transferred C-MOs (F4/80lowCD11b+Ly6C+) differentiated into a distinct myeloid cell population that is characterized as F4/80highCD11bhighLy6Chigh and gives rise to MAMs (F4/80lowCD11bhighLy6Clow) within 18 h after migration into the metastatic lung. In mouse models of breast cancer, the CD11bhighLy6Chigh MAM precursor cells (MAMPCs) were commonly found in the metastatic lung, and their accumulation was increased during metastatic tumor growth. The morphology and gene expression profile of MAMPCs were distinct from C-MOs and had greater similarity to MAMs. For example MAMPCs expressed mature macrophage markers such as CD14, CD36, CD64, and CD206 at comparable levels with MAMs, suggesting that MAMPCs have committed to a macrophage lineage in the tumor microenvironment. MAMPCs also expressed higher levels of Arg1, Hmox1, and Stab1 than C-MOs to a comparable level to MAMs. Expression of these MAM-associated genes in MAMPCs was reduced by genetic deletion of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). On the other hand, transient CSF1R blockade did not reduce the number of MAMPCs in the metastatic site, suggesting that CSF1 signaling is active in MAMPCs but is not required for their accumulation. Functionally MAMPCs suppressed the cytotoxicity of activated CD8+ T cells in vitro in part through superoxide production. Overall, our results indicate that immediately following migration into the metastatic tumors C-MOs differentiate into immunosuppressive cells that have characteristics of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and might be targeted to enhance efficacy of immunotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dahlia Doughty-Shenton
- Edinburgh Phenotypic Assay Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatina Fragkogianni
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Demi Brownlie
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neil Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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53
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Abstract
Assessing the immunotoxicity of xenobiotics by current regulatory testing has revealed compounds that can cause immunosuppression and stimulation. Flow cytometry is a cutting edge technique that can provide data on how toxicants can alter the quality and quantity of the immune response after exposure. Here we describe protocols for how to use flow cytometry to measure the immune response in multiple rodent organs (blood and lymphoid and nonlymphoid) as well as in novel models recently being utilized in the field of toxicology. These methods can be used for current testing and to determine mechanisms by which a xenobiotic can cause immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Espenschied
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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54
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Xu G, Shen J, Sun P, Niu Y, Zhao P, Tang P, Zhang J, Fei C, Bu L, Yue Z, Liu H, Wang Z, Yang L, Sun D. Potato freeze-thaw solution enhances immune function and antitumor activity in vivo. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6129-6134. [PMID: 29113257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although potato extract, derived from various methods, exhibits anticancer, antiviral and anti-parasite activities in vitro and in vivo, the bioactivity of potato solution remains unclear using the freeze-thaw extraction method granted by the State Intellectual Property Office of China. In the present study, a potato freeze-thaw solution (PFTS) was fed to mice with ascites tumor that were pre-treated with cyclophosphamide. The numbers of peripheral white blood cells (WBCs), macrophage phagocytosis, lymphocyte transformation and survival of mice were measured. While mice injected with cyclophosphamide exhibited decreased counts of peripheral WBCs, treatment of the cyclophosphamide-injected mice with PFTS for 10 days significantly increased the number of peripheral WBCs and reversed WBC counts to the normal level, a comparable effect to that of Ganoderma lucidum. In addition, treatment with PFTS for 20 days significantly enhanced peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte transformation. Lastly, PFTS was noticed to prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice when compared with that of control mice. Collectively, these data suggested that PFTS, at least in part, enhances immune function and possesses antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Xu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Yan Niu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Chunxue Fei
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Leinan Bu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Limin Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China.,Inner Mongolia Mengjian Biotechnology Company, Wuchua, Inner Mongolia 011700, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
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55
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Ziprasidone, a second-generation antipsychotic drug, triggers a macrophage inflammatory response in vitro. Cytokine 2017; 106:101-107. [PMID: 29103822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. However, most of these drugs present side effects causing obesity and other serious metabolic alterations that correlate with grade of chronic inflammation. In contrast, ziprasidone's (ZIP) metabolic side effects are attenuated relative to those of other antipsychotic drugs, but some reports suggest that this drug could cause allergic, hypersensitive reactions in susceptible patients. At present, the mechanism of ZIP's effect on peripheral inflammatory metabolism is not well characterized. We conducted an in vitro study to evaluate the effect of ZIP on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.1). Our results showed that in non-activated macrophage cells, ZIP exposure initiated macrophage spreading; increased cellular proliferation, as evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry assays; and presented higher levels of oxidant molecules involved in the inflammatory response (nitric oxide, superoxide, reactive oxygen species), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, INFγ). Levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine were lower in ZIP-exposed cells. These effects were less potent than those caused by the positive control for inflammation induction (phytohemagglutinin), and more intense than the effects of lithium (LI), which was used as an anti-inflammatory molecule. ZIP also modulated cytokine gene expression. Taken together, these data suggest that ZIP can produce a peripheral inflammatory response, and this response may explain the allergen-inflammatory response observed in some patients treated with this antipsychotic drug.
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56
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Santarino IB, Vieira OV. Maturation of phagosomes containing different erythrophagocytic particles in primary macrophages. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1281-1290. [PMID: 28904858 PMCID: PMC5586347 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrophagocytosis is a physiological process that aims to remove damaged red blood cells from the circulation in order to avoid hemolysis and uncontrolled liberation of iron. Many efforts have been made to understand heme trafficking inside macrophages, but little is known about the maturation of phagosomes containing different types of erythrophagocytic particles with different signals at their surfaces. Therefore, we performed a comparative study on the maturation of phagosomes containing three different models of red blood cells (RBC): aged/senescent, complement-opsonized, and IgG-opsonized. We also used two types of professional phagocytes: bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages. By comparing markers from different stages of phagosomal maturation, we found that phagosomes carrying aged RBC reach lysosomes with a delay compared to those containing IgG- or complement-opsonized RBC, in both types of macrophages. These findings contribute to understanding the importance of the different signals at the RBC surface in phagolysosome biogenesis, as well as in the dynamics of RBC removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês B. Santarino
- CEDOCNOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade NOVA de LisboaPortugal
| | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOCNOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade NOVA de LisboaPortugal
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57
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Buscher K, Ehinger E, Gupta P, Pramod AB, Wolf D, Tweet G, Pan C, Mills CD, Lusis AJ, Ley K. Natural variation of macrophage activation as disease-relevant phenotype predictive of inflammation and cancer survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16041. [PMID: 28737175 PMCID: PMC5527282 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mouse models exist for many immune-based diseases, the clinical translation remains challenging. Most basic and translational studies utilize only a single inbred mouse strain. However, basal and diseased immune states in humans show vast inter-individual variability. Here, focusing on macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we use the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP) of 83 inbred strains as a surrogate for human natural immune variation. Since conventional bioinformatics fail to analyse a population spectrum, we highlight how gene signatures for LPS responsiveness can be derived based on an Interleukin-12β and arginase expression ratio. Compared to published signatures, these gene markers are more robust to identify susceptibility or resilience to several macrophage-related disorders in humans, including survival prediction across many tumours. This study highlights natural activation diversity as a disease-relevant dimension in macrophage biology, and suggests the HMDP as a viable tool to increase translatability of mouse data to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Buscher
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Erik Ehinger
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Pritha Gupta
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - George Tweet
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Charles D. Mills
- BioMedical Consultants, Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota 55047, USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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58
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An D, Hao F, Zhang F, Kong W, Chun J, Xu X, Cui MZ. CD14 is a key mediator of both lysophosphatidic acid and lipopolysaccharide induction of foam cell formation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14391-14400. [PMID: 28705936 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plays an important role in foam cell formation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We report here that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages. Our data revealed that both LPA and LPS highly induce the CD14 expression at messenger RNA and protein levels in macrophages. The role of CD14, one component of the LPS receptor cluster, in LPA-induced biological functions has been unknown. We took several steps to examine the role of CD14 in LPA signaling pathways. Knockdown of CD14 expression nearly completely blocked LPA/LPS-induced oxLDL uptake in macrophages, demonstrating for the first time that CD14 is a key mediator responsible for both LPA- and LPS-induced oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation. To determine the molecular mechanism mediating CD14 function, we demonstrated that both LPA and LPS significantly induce the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SR-AI), which has been implicated in lipid uptake process, and depletion of CD14 levels blocked LPA/LPS-induced SR-AI expression. We further showed that the SR-AI-specific antibody, which quenches SR-AI function, blocked LPA- and LPS-induced foam cell formation. Thus, SR-AI is the downstream mediator of CD14 in regulating LPA-, LPS-, and LPA/LPS-induced foam cell formation. Taken together, our results provide the first experimental evidence that CD14 is a novel connecting molecule linking both LPA and LPS pathways and is a key mediator responsible for LPA/LPS-induced foam cell formation. The LPA/LPS-CD14-SR-AI nexus might be the new convergent pathway, contributing to the worsening of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.,College of Life Sciences and
| | - Feng Hao
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.,Science and Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, and
| | | | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Xuemin Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
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59
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Kobayashi M, Asai A, Ito I, Suzuki S, Higuchi K, Suzuki F. Short-Term Alcohol Abstinence Improves Antibacterial Defenses of Chronic Alcohol-Consuming Mice against Gut Bacteria-Associated Sepsis Caused by Enterococcus faecalis Oral Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1998-2007. [PMID: 28708971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of short-term alcohol abstinence on host antibacterial resistance against Enterococcus faecalis oral infection was investigated in chronic alcohol-consuming mice [mice with 0.1 g/day of 20% ethanol consumption for 12 or 16 weeks (CAC-mice)]. These mice were highly susceptible to the infection; however, after 7 days of alcohol abstinence (aaCAC-mice), their antibacterial resistances were completely restored to the normal mouse level. Normal mice inoculated with CAC-mouse hepatic macrophages were shown to be susceptible to the infection, whereas the same macrophage preparation from aaCAC-mice did not impair the antibacterial resistance of normal mice. aaCAC-mouse liver macrophages protected nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency IL-2Rγnull mice exposed to E. faecalis, whereas those from CAC-mice did not. Monocyte-derived (MD) M2b macrophages were predominantly isolated from CAC-mouse livers, but these cells were not significantly isolated from aaCAC-mouse livers. Hepatic MD macrophages from aaCAC-mice switched to M1 macrophages in response to bacterial antigen, whereas the same macrophage preparation from CAC-mice did not. M1 Kupffer cells, M2a Kupffer cells, and MD M2b macrophages were shown to be not bactericidal, whereas E. faecalis was killed effectively by M1 macrophages derived from aaCAC-mouse hepatic MD macrophages. These results indicate that MD M2b macrophages predominantly distributed in the liver are responsible for the impaired resistance of CAC-mice to E. faecalis oral infection, and aaCAC-mice without MD M2b macrophages in the livers are resistant to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Akira Asai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiaki Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fujio Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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60
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Yin Y, Wu RX, He XT, Xu XY, Wang J, Chen FM. Influences of age-related changes in mesenchymal stem cells on macrophages during in-vitro culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28646912 PMCID: PMC5483296 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in cytotherapy and tissue engineering due to their immunosuppressive ability and regenerative potential. Recently, the immunomodulatory influence of MSCs has been gaining increasing attention because their functional roles in modulating immune responses likely have high clinical significance. METHODS In this study, we investigated the influence of MSCs on macrophages (Mφs) in in-vitro cell culture systems. Given evidence that aged MSCs are functionally compromised, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) isolated from both young and aged mice (YMSCs and AMSCs) were evaluated and contrasted. RESULTS We found that YMSCs exhibited greater proliferative and osteo-differentiation potential compared to AMSCs. When cocultured with RAW264.7 cells (an Mφ cell line), both YMSCs and AMSCs coaxed polarization of Mφs toward an M2 phenotype and induced secretion of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. Compared to AMSCs, YMSCs exhibited a more potent immunomodulatory effect. While Mφs cocultured with either YMSCs or AMSCs displayed similar phagocytic ability, AMSC coculture was found to enhance Mφ migration in Transwell systems. When BMSCs were prestimulated with interferon gamma before coculture with RAW264.7 cells, their regulatory effects on Mφs appeared to be modified. Here, compared to stimulated AMSCs, stimulated YMSCs also exhibited enhanced cellular influence on cocultured RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BMSCs exert an age-related regulatory effect on Mφs with respect to their phenotype and functions but an optimized stimulation to enhance MSC immunomodulation is in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
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61
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Human Chitotriosidase: Catalytic Domain or Carbohydrate Binding Module, Who's Leading HCHT's Biological Function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2768. [PMID: 28584264 PMCID: PMC5459812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is an important structural component of numerous fungal pathogens and parasitic nematodes. The human macrophage chitotriosidase (HCHT) is a chitinase that hydrolyses glycosidic bonds between the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units of this biopolymer. HCHT belongs to the Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) superfamily and contains a well-characterized catalytic domain appended to a chitin-binding domain (ChBDCHIT1). Although its precise biological function remains unclear, HCHT has been described to be involved in innate immunity. In this study, the molecular basis for interaction with insoluble chitin as well as with soluble chito-oligosaccharides has been determined. The results suggest a new mechanism as a common binding mode for many Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs). Furthermore, using a phylogenetic approach, we have analysed the modularity of HCHT and investigated the evolutionary paths of its catalytic and chitin binding domains. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that the ChBDCHIT1 domain dictates the biological function of HCHT and not its appended catalytic domain. This observation may also be a general feature of GHs. Altogether, our data have led us to postulate and discuss that HCHT acts as an immune catalyser.
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62
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
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63
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Pérez-Flores G, Hernández-Silva C, Gutiérrez-Escobedo G, De Las Peñas A, Castaño I, Arreola J, Pérez-Cornejo P. P2X7 from j774 murine macrophages acts as a scavenger receptor for bacteria but not yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:19-24. [PMID: 27833023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of extracellular ATP and Ca2+ on uptake of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli) and live yeast (Candida glabrata) by J774 macrophages to determine the role of endogenous P2X7 receptors in phagocytosis. Our findings show that phagocytosis of bio-particles coated with S. aureus or E. coli was blocked by ATP and the P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP, while yeast phagocytosis was not. A438079, an antagonist of P2X7 receptors, partially reverted the effects of ATP on bacterial phagocytosis. To determine if P2X7-mediated Ca2+ entry into macrophages was blocking the engulfment of bacteria, we measured phagocytic activity in the absence or presence of 2 mM extracellular Ca2+ with or without ATP. Ca2+, in the absence of ATP, was required for engulfment of E. coli and C. glabrata but not S. aureus. Adding ATP inhibited phagocytosis of S. aureus and E. coli regardless of Ca2+, suggesting that Ca2+ entry was not important for inhibiting phagocytosis. On the other hand, phagocytosis of normal or hyper-adherent C. glabrata mutants had an absolute requirement for extracellular Ca2+ due to yeast adhesion to macrophages mediated by Ca2+-dependent adhesion proteins. We conclude that unstimulated P2X7 from J774 cells act as scavenger receptor for the uptake of S. aureus and E. coli but not of yeast; Ca2+ entry via P2X7 receptors play no role in phagocytosis of S. aureus and E. coli; while the effect of Ca2+ on C. glabrata phagocytosis was mediated by the adhesins Epa1, Epa6 and Epa7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pérez-Flores
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Cd. Valles, SLP 79060, Mexico
| | - Cesar Hernández-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico
| | | | | | - Irene Castaño
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78216, Mexico
| | - Jorge Arreola
- Institute of Physics, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Cornejo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico.
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