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Coussens LM, De Palma M, Mariani SA, Cassetta L. Jeff Pollard (1950-2023). Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00600-7. [PMID: 37353680 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Coussens
- Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samanta A Mariani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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3
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Robinson A, Burgess M, Webb S, Louwe PA, Ouyang Z, Skola D, Han CZ, Batada NN, González-Huici V, Cassetta L, Glass CK, Jenkins SJ, Pollard JW. Systemic Influences of Mammary Cancer on Monocytes in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:833. [PMID: 35159100 PMCID: PMC8834227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that cancer causes systemic changes. These influences are most evident in the bone marrow and the blood, particularly in the myeloid compartment. Here, we show that there is an increase in the number of bone marrow, circulating and splenic monocytes by using mouse models of breast cancer caused by the mammary epithelial expression of the polyoma middle T antigen. Cancer does not affect ratios of classical to non-classical populations of monocytes in the circulation nor does it affect their half-lives. Single cell RNA sequencing also indicates that cancer does not induce any new monocyte populations. Cancer does not change the monocytic progenitor number in the bone marrow, but the proliferation rate of monocytes is higher, thus providing an explanation for the expansion of the circulating numbers. Deep RNA sequencing of these monocytic populations reveals that cancer causes changes in the classical monocyte compartment, with changes evident in bone marrow monocytes and even more so in the blood, suggesting influences in both compartments, with the down-regulation of interferon type 1 signaling and antigen presentation being the most prominent of these. Consistent with this analysis, down-regulated genes are enriched with STAT1/STAT2 binding sites in their promoter, which are transcription factors required for type 1 interferon signaling. However, these transcriptome changes in mice did not replicate those found in patients with breast cancer. Consequently, this mouse model of breast cancer may be insufficient to study the systemic influences of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Robinson
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (A.R.); (S.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Matthew Burgess
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (M.B.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Sheila Webb
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (A.R.); (S.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Pieter A. Louwe
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (M.B.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Zhengyu Ouyang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of San Diego, LA Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Z.O.); (D.S.); (C.Z.H.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Dylan Skola
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of San Diego, LA Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Z.O.); (D.S.); (C.Z.H.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Claudia Z. Han
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of San Diego, LA Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Z.O.); (D.S.); (C.Z.H.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Nizar N. Batada
- Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (N.N.B.); (V.G.-H.)
| | - Víctor González-Huici
- Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (N.N.B.); (V.G.-H.)
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (A.R.); (S.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Chris K. Glass
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of San Diego, LA Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Z.O.); (D.S.); (C.Z.H.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (M.B.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Jeffery W. Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (A.R.); (S.W.); (L.C.)
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Abstract
Tumorigenesis is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by their interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. During initial stages of tumor development, macrophages can either directly promote antitumor responses by killing tumor cells or indirectly recruit and activate other immune cells. As genetic changes occur within the tumor or T helper 2 (TH 2) cells begin to dominate the TME, TAMs begin to exhibit an immunosuppressive protumor phenotype that promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Thus, targeting TAMs has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. To date, TAM targeting strategies have focused on macrophage depletion and inhibition of their recruitment into the TME. However, these strategies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy, although trials are still underway with combination therapies. The fact that macrophages have the potential for antitumor activity has moved the TAM targeting field toward the development of TAM-reprogramming strategies to support this antitumor immune response. Here, we discuss the various roles of TAMs in cancer therapy and their immunosuppressive properties, as well as implications for emerging checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies. We review state-of-the-art TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on current ones at the preclinical and clinical trial stages that aim to reprogram TAMs as an oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Massaiu I, Songia P, Chiesa M, Valerio V, Moschetta D, Alfieri V, Myasoedova VA, Schmid M, Cassetta L, Colombo GI, D’Alessandra Y, Poggio P. Evaluation of Oxford Nanopore MinION RNA-Seq Performance for Human Primary Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126317. [PMID: 34204756 PMCID: PMC8231517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcript sequencing is a crucial tool for gaining a deep understanding of biological processes in diagnostic and clinical medicine. Given their potential to study novel complex eukaryotic transcriptomes, long-read sequencing technologies are able to overcome some limitations of short-read RNA-Seq approaches. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) offers the ability to generate long-read sequencing data in real time via portable protein nanopore USB devices. This work aimed to provide the user with the number of reads that should be sequenced, through the ONT MinION platform, to reach the desired accuracy level for a human cell RNA study. We sequenced three cDNA libraries prepared from poly-adenosine RNA of human primary cardiac fibroblasts. Since the runs were comparable, they were combined in a total dataset of 48 million reads. Synthetic datasets with different sizes were generated starting from the total and analyzed in terms of the number of identified genes and their expression levels. As expected, an improved sensitivity was obtained, increasing the sequencing depth, particularly for the non-coding genes. The reliability of expression levels was assayed by (i) comparison with PCR quantifications of selected genes and (ii) by the implementation of a user-friendly multiplexing method in a single run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Massaiu
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Paola Songia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Vincenza Valerio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Donato Moschetta
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Alfieri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Veronika A. Myasoedova
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Michael Schmid
- Genexa AG, Dienerstrasse 7, CH-8004 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Luca Cassetta
- The Queen’s Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Gualtiero I. Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuri D’Alessandra
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20131 Milan, Italy; (I.M.); (P.S.); (M.C.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (V.A.); (V.A.M.); (G.I.C.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Cassetta and Pollard introduce tumor-associated macrophages and discuss their origin, diversity, function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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7
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Cassetta L, Rodrigues P, Andreu T, Botta B, Brandau S, Brierley C, Wilson C, Dadeshidze I, Forzi L, Ortelli F, Quintas M. Beating Cancer by 2030: Mission Impossible? RIO 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e61662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been for many years the second leading cause of mortality right after cardiovascular diseases, representing 25% of all the deaths reported yearly and this tendency is expected to increase. Although the recent public health emergency caused by COVID-19 pandemic diverted much of the attention of policy makers, the public opinion and even researchers from other important, economical relevant and deadly diseases, cancer still remains as one of the major healthcare issues. Moreover, recent studies revealed the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the increase of avoidable cancer-related deaths. It is then the perfect time to bring back the spotlight onto the topic of cancer.
The aim of this paper is to share the outcomes of the workshop organized by the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Association, bringing together sixty participants representing a broad variety of stakeholders, to discuss a holistic approach on how to beat cancer by 2030.
The conclusions of this workshop are highly relevant for the community and are supporting the work being undertaken by the EU Mission Board on Cancer. This report lays down the main conclusions and recommendations agreed by the workshop participants, focusing on different aspects such as better stakeholder collaboration, citizen education, innovative therapies, and patient-centric care.
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Cassetta L, Bruderek K, Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Osiecka O, Hu X, Rundgren IM, Lin A, Santegoets K, Horzum U, Godinho-Santos A, Zelinskyy G, Garcia-Tellez T, Bjelica S, Taciak B, Kittang AO, Höing B, Lang S, Dixon M, Müller V, Utikal JS, Karakoç D, Yilmaz KB, Górka E, Bodnar L, Anastasiou OE, Bourgeois C, Badura R, Kapinska-Mrowiecka M, Gotic M, Ter Laan M, Kers-Rebel E, Król M, Santibañez JF, Müller-Trutwin M, Dittmer U, de Sousa AE, Esendağlı G, Adema G, Loré K, Ersvær E, Umansky V, Pollard JW, Cichy J, Brandau S. Differential expansion of circulating human MDSC subsets in patients with cancer, infection and inflammation. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001223. [PMID: 32907925 PMCID: PMC7481096 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a functional myeloid cell subset that includes myeloid cells with immune suppressive properties. The presence of MDSC has been reported in the peripheral blood of patients with several malignant and non-malignant diseases. So far, direct comparison of MDSC across different diseases and Centers is hindered by technical pitfalls and a lack of standardized methodology. To overcome this issue, we formed a network through the COST Action Mye-EUNITER (www.mye-euniter.eu) with the goal to standardize and facilitate the comparative analysis of human circulating MDSC in cancer, inflammation and infection. In this manuscript, we present the results of the multicenter study Mye-EUNITER MDSC Monitoring Initiative, that involved 13 laboratories and compared circulating MDSC subsets across multiple diseases, using a common protocol for the isolation, identification and characterization of these cells. Methods We developed, tested, executed and optimized a standard operating procedure for the isolation and immunophenotyping of MDSC using blood from healthy donors. We applied this procedure to the blood of almost 400 patients and controls with different solid tumors and non-malignant diseases. The latter included viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis B virus, but also psoriasis and cardiovascular disorders. Results We observed that the frequency of MDSC in healthy donors varied substantially between centers and was influenced by technical aspects such as the anticoagulant and separation method used. Expansion of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC exceeded the expansion of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) in five out of six solid tumors. PMN-MDSC expansion was more pronounced in cancer compared with infection and inflammation. Programmed death-ligand 1 was primarily expressed in M-MDSC and e-MDSC and was not upregulated as a consequence of disease. LOX-1 expression was confined to PMN-MDSC. Conclusions This study provides improved technical protocols and workflows for the multi-center analysis of circulating human MDSC subsets. Application of these workflows revealed a predominant expansion of PMN-MDSC in solid tumors that exceeds expansion in chronic infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirsten Bruderek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joanna Skrzeczynska-Moncznik
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Małopolska, Poland
| | - Oktawia Osiecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Małopolska, Poland
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ida Marie Rundgren
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Scientist Education and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Ang Lin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Santegoets
- Medical Center, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Utku Horzum
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ana Godinho-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Thalia Garcia-Tellez
- HIV Inflammation and Persistence, Pasteur Institute, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Sunčica Bjelica
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Bartłomiej Taciak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.,Cellis AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benedikt Höing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Dixon
- Edinburgh Breast Unit and Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Verena Müller
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Sven Utikal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Derya Karakoç
- Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Bora Yilmaz
- Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emilia Górka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.,Cellis AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubomir Bodnar
- Department of Oncology and Immunooncology, Hospital Ministry of the Interior and Administration & Warmia and Masuria Oncology Centre, Olsztyn, Poland.,Department of Oncology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Christine Bourgeois
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Saint-Aubin, Île-de-France, France
| | - Robert Badura
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Northern Lisbon University Hospital Centre, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Mirjana Gotic
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Beograd, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Mark Ter Laan
- Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kers-Rebel
- Medical Center, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Król
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.,Cellis AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Francisco Santibañez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Beograd, Serbia.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Ana Espada de Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Güneş Esendağlı
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gosse Adema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Ersvær
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Scientist Education and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Małopolska, Poland
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen-Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Robinson A, Burgess M, Loewe P, Cassetta L, Ouyang Z, Han C, Glass C, Jenkins S, Pollard J. 12. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN CIRCULATING MONOCYTES SUGGESTS ALTERATION TO PRO-TUMOURAL PHENOTYPE MAY OCCUR PRIOR TO ARRIVAL IN THE TUMOUR MICROENVIRONMENT. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Lopez-Yrigoyen M, May A, Ventura T, Taylor H, Fidanza A, Cassetta L, Pollard JW, Forrester LM. Production and Characterization of Human Macrophages from Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32364544 DOI: 10.3791/61038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in most vertebrate tissues and comprise widely dispersed and heterogeneous cell populations with different functions. They are key players in health and disease, acting as phagocytes during immune defense and mediating trophic, maintenance, and repair functions. Although it has been possible to study some of the molecular processes involved in human macrophage function, it has proved difficult to apply genetic engineering techniques to primary human macrophages. This has significantly hampered our ability to interrogate the complex genetic pathways involved in macrophage biology and to generate models for specific disease states. An off-the-shelf source of human macrophages that is amenable to the vast arsenal of genetic manipulation techniques would, therefore, provide a valuable tool in this field. We present an optimized protocol that allows for the generation of macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. These iPSC-derived macrophages (iPSC-DMs) express human macrophage cell surface markers, including CD45, 25F9, CD163, and CD169, and our live-cell imaging functional assay demonstrates that they exhibit robust phagocytic activity. Cultured iPSC-DMs can be activated to different macrophage states that display altered gene expression and phagocytic activity by the addition of LPS and IFNg, IL4, or IL10. Thus, this system provides a platform to generate human macrophages carrying genetic alterations that model specific human disease and a source of cells for drug screening or cell therapy to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh; Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh;
| | - Alisha May
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh
| | - Telma Ventura
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh
| | - Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh
| | - Luca Cassetta
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh;
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11
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Heideveld E, Horcas-Lopez M, Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Forrester LM, Cassetta L, Pollard JW. Methods for macrophage differentiation and in vitro generation of human tumor associated-like macrophages. Methods Enzymol 2019; 632:113-131. [PMID: 32000892 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are becoming a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Significant efforts have been made to study the detrimental role of TAMs both in vivo and in vitro. However, it remains challenging to isolate these macrophages to study their function in human cancers and there is the need to seek alternatives to address these limitations. In this review, we will focus on the three most relevant approaches to obtain in vitro fully differentiated macrophages i.e. peripheral blood, immortalized cell lines such as THP-1 or human induced pluripotent stem cells. We will also provide protocols for the polarization of human macrophages to a TAM-like cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Heideveld
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Horcas-Lopez
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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12
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Cassetta L, Fragkogianni S, Sims AH, Swierczak A, Forrester LM, Zhang H, Soong DYH, Cotechini T, Anur P, Lin EY, Fidanza A, Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Millar MR, Urman A, Ai Z, Spellman PT, Hwang ES, Dixon JM, Wiechmann L, Coussens LM, Smith HO, Pollard JW. Human Tumor-Associated Macrophage and Monocyte Transcriptional Landscapes Reveal Cancer-Specific Reprogramming, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:588-602.e10. [PMID: 30930117 PMCID: PMC6472943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The roles of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and circulating monocytes in human cancer are poorly understood. Here, we show that monocyte subpopulation distribution and transcriptomes are significantly altered by the presence of endometrial and breast cancer. Furthermore, TAMs from endometrial and breast cancers are transcriptionally distinct from monocytes and their respective tissue-resident macrophages. We identified a breast TAM signature that is highly enriched in aggressive breast cancer subtypes and associated with shorter disease-specific survival. We also identified an auto-regulatory loop between TAMs and cancer cells driven by tumor necrosis factor alpha involving SIGLEC1 and CCL8, which is self-reinforcing through the production of CSF1. Together these data provide direct evidence that monocyte and macrophage transcriptional landscapes are perturbed by cancer, reflecting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Stamatina Fragkogianni
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Agnieszka Swierczak
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA
| | - Daniel Y H Soong
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tiziana Cotechini
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA
| | - Pavana Anur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA
| | - Elaine Y Lin
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Michael R Millar
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Aquila Biomedical, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alexandra Urman
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical College, New York 10467, USA
| | - Zhichao Ai
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - J Michael Dixon
- Edinburgh Breast Unit and Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lisa Wiechmann
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical College, New York 10467, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97239, USA
| | - Harriet O Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA.
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13
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Cassetta L, Baekkevold ES, Brandau S, Bujko A, Cassatella MA, Dorhoi A, Krieg C, Lin A, Loré K, Marini O, Pollard JW, Roussel M, Scapini P, Umansky V, Adema GJ. Deciphering myeloid-derived suppressor cells: isolation and markers in humans, mice and non-human primates. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:687-697. [PMID: 30684003 PMCID: PMC6447515 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, infection and inflammation, the immune system's function can be dysregulated. Instead of fighting disease, immune cells may increase pathology and suppress host-protective immune responses. Myeloid cells show high plasticity and adapt to changing conditions and pathological challenges. Despite their relevance in disease pathophysiology, the identity, heterogeneity and biology of myeloid cells is still poorly understood. We will focus on phenotypical and functional markers of one of the key myeloid regulatory subtypes, the myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in humans, mice and non-human primates. Technical issues regarding the isolation of the cells from tissues and blood, timing and sample handling of MDSC will be detailed. Localization of MDSC in a tissue context is of crucial importance and immunohistochemistry approaches for this purpose are discussed. A minimal antibody panel for MDSC research is provided as part of the Mye-EUNITER COST action. Strategies for the identification of additional markers applying state of the art technologies such as mass cytometry will be highlighted. Such marker sets can be used to study MDSC phenotypes across tissues, diseases as well as species and will be crucial to accelerate MDSC research in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Espen S Baekkevold
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven Brandau
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Bujko
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Ang Lin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivia Marini
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mikael Roussel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pôle Biologie, INSERM, UMR U1236, Université Rennes 1, EFS Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Cassetta L, Kitamura T. Macrophage targeting: opening new possibilities for cancer immunotherapy. Immunology 2018; 155:285-293. [PMID: 29963704 PMCID: PMC6187207 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-infiltrating immune cells regulate tumour development and progression either negatively or positively. For example, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) such as CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells can recognize and eliminate cancer cells, and thereby restrict the tumour growth and metastasis, if they exert full cytotoxicity. In contrast, tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells such as tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) promote the expansion and dissemination of cancer cells depending on their functional states. Given the tumour-killing ability of CTL, the augmentation of CTL-induced antitumour immune reactions has been considered as an attractive therapeutic modality for lethal solid tumours and several promising strategies have emerged, which include immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines and adoptive CTL transfer. These immunotherapies are now tested in clinical trials and have shown significant antitumour effects in patients with lymphoma and some solid tumours such as melanoma and lung cancer. Despite these encouraging results, these therapies are not efficient in a certain fraction of patients and tumour types with tumour cell-intrinsic mechanisms such as impaired antigen presentation and/or tumour cell-extrinsic mechanisms including the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. Several animal studies suggest that tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells, especially TAM, are one of the key targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies as these cells can suppress the functions of CD8+ T and NK cells. In this review, we will summarize recent animal studies regarding the involvement of TAM in the immune checkpoint, cancer vaccination and adoptive CTL transfer therapies, and discuss the therapeutic potential of TAM targeting to improve the immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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15
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Robinson A, Skola D, Cassetta L, Bain C, Louwe P, Lynch R, Jenkins S, Glass C, Pollard J. 31. Transcriptional alterations to blood monocytes in breast cancer reveal down regulation of anti-cancer pathways. Cancer Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Fidanza A, Yang CT, Cassetta L, Taylor H, McCahill A, Mountford J, Pollard J, Forrester L. Genetic Programming of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Macrophages as a Tool to Study the Erythroid Island Niche. Exp Hematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Fidanza A, Cassetta L, Axton RA, Taylor AH, Meseguer-Ripolles J, Tsakiridis A, Wilson V, Hay DC, Pollard JW, Forrester LM. A human iPSC line capable of differentiating into functional macrophages expressing ZsGreen: a tool for the study and in vivo tracking of therapeutic cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0219. [PMID: 29786554 PMCID: PMC5974442 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the production of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, SFCi55-ZsGr, that has been engineered to express the fluorescent reporter gene, ZsGreen, in a constitutive manner. The CAG-driven ZsGreen expression cassette was inserted into the AAVS1 locus and a high level of expression was observed in undifferentiated iPSCs and in cell lineages derived from all three germ layers including haematopoietic cells, hepatocytes and neurons. We demonstrate efficient production of terminally differentiated macrophages from the SFCi55-ZsGreen iPSC line and show that they are indistinguishable from those generated from their parental SFCi55 iPSC line in terms of gene expression, cell surface marker expression and phagocytic activity. The high level of ZsGreen expression had no effect on the ability of macrophages to be activated to an M(LPS + IFNγ), M(IL10) or M(IL4) phenotype nor on their plasticity, assessed by their ability to switch from one phenotype to another. Thus, targeting of the AAVS1 locus in iPSCs allows for the production of fully functional, fluorescently tagged human macrophages that can be used for in vivo tracking in disease models. The strategy also provides a platform for the introduction of factors that are predicted to modulate and/or stabilize macrophage function.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luca Cassetta
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard A. Axton
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - A. Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jose Meseguer-Ripolles
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Valerie Wilson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C. Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Pollard
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lesley M. Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK,e-mail:
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18
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Cassetta L, Kitamura T. Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages as a Potential Strategy to Enhance the Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:38. [PMID: 29670880 PMCID: PMC5893801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of immune checkpoint pathways in CD8+ T cell is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumors that has shown significant anti-tumor effects and is now approved by the FDA to treat patients with melanoma and lung cancer. However the response to this therapy is limited to a certain fraction of patients and tumor types, for reasons still unknown. To ensure success of this treatment, CD8+ T cells, the main target of the checkpoint inhibitors, should exert full cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However recent studies show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can impede this process by different mechanisms. In this mini-review we will summarize recent studies showing the effect of TAM targeting on immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy. We will also discuss on the limitations of the current strategies as well on the future scientific challenges for the progress of the tumor immunology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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19
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Kitamura T, Doughty-Shenton D, Cassetta L, Fragkogianni S, Brownlie D, Kato Y, Carragher N, Pollard JW. Monocytes Differentiate to Immune Suppressive Precursors of Metastasis-Associated Macrophages in Mouse Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2004. [PMID: 29387063 PMCID: PMC5776392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs) play pivotal roles in breast cancer metastasis by promoting extravasation and survival of metastasizing cancer cells. In a metastatic breast cancer mouse model, we previously reported that circulating classical monocytes (C-MOs) preferentially migrated into the tumor-challenged lung where they differentiated into MAMs. However, the fate and characteristics of C-MOs in the metastatic site has not been defined. In this study, we identified that adoptively transferred C-MOs (F4/80lowCD11b+Ly6C+) differentiated into a distinct myeloid cell population that is characterized as F4/80highCD11bhighLy6Chigh and gives rise to MAMs (F4/80lowCD11bhighLy6Clow) within 18 h after migration into the metastatic lung. In mouse models of breast cancer, the CD11bhighLy6Chigh MAM precursor cells (MAMPCs) were commonly found in the metastatic lung, and their accumulation was increased during metastatic tumor growth. The morphology and gene expression profile of MAMPCs were distinct from C-MOs and had greater similarity to MAMs. For example MAMPCs expressed mature macrophage markers such as CD14, CD36, CD64, and CD206 at comparable levels with MAMs, suggesting that MAMPCs have committed to a macrophage lineage in the tumor microenvironment. MAMPCs also expressed higher levels of Arg1, Hmox1, and Stab1 than C-MOs to a comparable level to MAMs. Expression of these MAM-associated genes in MAMPCs was reduced by genetic deletion of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). On the other hand, transient CSF1R blockade did not reduce the number of MAMPCs in the metastatic site, suggesting that CSF1 signaling is active in MAMPCs but is not required for their accumulation. Functionally MAMPCs suppressed the cytotoxicity of activated CD8+ T cells in vitro in part through superoxide production. Overall, our results indicate that immediately following migration into the metastatic tumors C-MOs differentiate into immunosuppressive cells that have characteristics of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype and might be targeted to enhance efficacy of immunotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dahlia Doughty-Shenton
- Edinburgh Phenotypic Assay Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatina Fragkogianni
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Demi Brownlie
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neil Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to breast cancer progression and dissemination; TAM-targeting strategies aimed at their reprogramming show promising preclinical results. In a new report Guerriero and colleagues demonstrate that a novel HDAC Class IIa inhibitor, TMP195, can reprogram monocytes and macrophages in the tumor into cells able to sustain a robust CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461, USA
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21
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Fragkogianni M, Cassetta L, Swierczak A, Wiechmann L, Smith HO, Sims AH, Zhang H, Coussens LM, Pollard JW. Abstract 2698: Transcriptional profiling of human TAMs highlights differences in breast and endometrial tumour microenvironments. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast and endometrial cancers are two of the most frequently diagnosed reproductive cancers in women in the western world. Previously, research has focused on cancer cells, however increasing evidence shows that the tumour microenvironment plays an important role in cancer progression. Macrophages are almost entirely derived from circulating monocytes and are recruited into tumour sites. In murine studies, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been implicated in promoting angiogenesis, immune suppression and resistance to treatment. Their density has been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and decreased survival in endometrial cancer. However, little is known about the function of TAMs in humans. The aim of this study is to examine the transcriptional profiles of human TAMs in order to investigate their biological relevance and potential for therapeutic intervention.
Methods: RNA-sequencing was performed on purified normal macrophages and TAMs from breast tissue (4 breast cancer and 4 healthy breast) and endometrium tissue (5 endometrial cancer and 9 healthy endometrium). Statistical analysis using Limma was used to identify significantly differentially expressed genes (FDR< 0.05) with a minimum log2 fold change of 1.5. Gene set enrichment (GSEA) analysis and gene ontologies (GO) were employed for functional analysis and identification of important biological pathways.
Results: Transcriptome profiling revealed a significantly altered gene expression profile of TAMs when compared to normal macrophages. Furthermore, comparison of TAMs between breast and endometrial cancer also revealed differences suggesting that different tumour microenvironments induce different gene expression profiles in TAMs. Interestingly, comparison of normal macrophages between breast and endometrial tissue also revealed differences in gene expression suggesting tissue specificity for macrophages. Functional analysis of significant genes revealed similar biological pathways to those of murine studies suggesting that TAMs in humans may have similar functions. We were able to extract TAM-specific genes by comparing with publicly available datasets that could serve as markers for their identification. Finally, we identified a list of transmembrane receptors that could act as potential targets for targeted killing of TAMs.
Conclusion: This is the first study to carry out genome-wide profiling of TAMs in human breast and endometrial cancer. Expression profiles differed between TAMs and healthy patients, as well as between breast and endometrial cancer suggesting cancer specificity for TAMs and revealing not only potential TAM-specific markers, but also identifying possible cancer- and TAM-specific therapeutic targets.
Citation Format: Matina Fragkogianni, Luca Cassetta, Agnieszka Swierczak, Lisa Wiechmann, Harriet O. Smith, Andrew H. Sims, Hui Zhang, Lisa M. Coussens, J. W. Pollard. Transcriptional profiling of human TAMs highlights differences in breast and endometrial tumour microenvironments. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Fragkogianni
- 1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- 1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Swierczak
- 1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harriet O. Smith
- 3Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
| | - Andrew H. Sims
- 4CRUK Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zhang
- 5Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY
| | | | - J. W. Pollard
- 1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex network of cells that support tumor progression and malignancy. It has been demonstrated that tumor cells can educate the immune system to promote a tumor-friendly environment. Among all these immune cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are well represented and their presence in mouse models has been shown to promote tumor progression and metastasis. These effects are through the stimulation of angiogenesis, enhancement of tumor cell invasion and intravasation, immunosuppression, and at the metastatic site tumor cell extravasation and growth. However, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Furthermore there is limited information on TAMs derived from human cancers. For this reason it is important to be able to extract TAMs from tumors in order to compare their phenotypes, functions, and transcriptomes with normal resident tissue macrophages. Isolation of these cells is challenging due to the lack of markers and standardized protocols. Here we show an optimized protocol for the efficient isolation and extraction of resident macrophages and TAMs from human and mouse tissues by using multicolor flow cytometry. These protocols allow for the extraction of thousands of macrophages in less than 5 h from tissues as small as half a gram. The isolated macrophages can then be used for both "omics" and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Roy Noy
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Agnieszka Swierczak
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gaël Sugano
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Harriet Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Lisa Wiechmann
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, New York, NY, 10461, USA.
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Kitamura T, Qian BZ, Soong D, Cassetta L, Noy R, Sugano G, Kato Y, Li J, Pollard JW. CCL2-induced chemokine cascade promotes breast cancer metastasis by enhancing retention of metastasis-associated macrophages. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2015. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2096oia117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kitamura T, Qian BZ, Soong D, Cassetta L, Noy R, Sugano G, Kato Y, Li J, Pollard JW. CCL2-induced chemokine cascade promotes breast cancer metastasis by enhancing retention of metastasis-associated macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1043-59. [PMID: 26056232 PMCID: PMC4493415 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer cells is promoted by a distinct population of macrophages, metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs), which originate from inflammatory monocytes (IMs) recruited by the CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). We demonstrate here that, through activation of the CCL2 receptor CCR2, the recruited MAMs secrete another chemokine ligand CCL3. Genetic deletion of CCL3 or its receptor CCR1 in macrophages reduces the number of lung metastasis foci, as well as the number of MAMs accumulated in tumor-challenged lung in mice. Adoptive transfer of WT IMs increases the reduced number of lung metastasis foci in Ccl3 deficient mice. Mechanistically, Ccr1 deficiency prevents MAM retention in the lung by reducing MAM-cancer cell interactions. These findings collectively indicate that the CCL2-triggered chemokine cascade in macrophages promotes metastatic seeding of breast cancer cells thereby amplifying the pathology already extant in the system. These data suggest that inhibition of CCR1, the distal part of this signaling relay, may have a therapeutic impact in metastatic disease with lower toxicity than blocking upstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Soong
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Roy Noy
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
| | - Gaël Sugano
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
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Yeo EJ, Cassetta L, Qian BZ, Lewkowich I, Li JF, Stefater JA, Smith AN, Wiechmann LS, Wang Y, Pollard JW, Lang RA. Myeloid WNT7b mediates the angiogenic switch and metastasis in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2962-73. [PMID: 24638982 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic targets acting in both tumor cells and tumor stromal cells may offer special therapeutic appeal. Interrogation of the Oncomine database revealed that 52 of 53 human breast carcinomas showed substantial upregulation of WNT family ligand WNT7B. Immunolabeling of human mammary carcinoma showed that WNT7B immunoreactivity was associated with both tumor cells and with tumor-associated macrophages. In the MMTV-PymT mouse model of mammary carcinoma, we found tumor progression relied upon WNT7B produced by myeloid cells in the microenvironment. Wnt7b deletion in myeloid cells reduced the mass and volume of tumors due to a failure in the angiogenic switch. In the tumor overall, there was no change in expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes, but in vascular endothelial cells (VEC), expression of these genes was reduced, suggesting that VECs respond to Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mechanistic investigations revealed that failure of the angiogenic switch could be attributed to reduced Vegfa mRNA and protein expression in VECs, a source of VEGFA mRNA in the tumor that was limiting in the absence of myeloid WNT7B. We also noted a dramatic reduction in lung metastasis associated with decreased macrophage-mediated tumor cell invasion. Together, these results illustrated the critical role of myeloid WNT7B in tumor progression, acting at the levels of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We suggest that therapeutic suppression of WNT7B signaling might be advantageous due to targeting multiple aspects of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Yeo
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UKAuthors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luca Cassetta
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jiu-feng Li
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - James A Stefater
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UKAuthors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - April N Smith
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UKAuthors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa S Wiechmann
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yihong Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard A Lang
- Authors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UKAuthors' Affiliations: The Visual Systems Group, Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Surgery, Pathology, and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Macrophages are terminally differentiated cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system that also encompasses dendritic cells, circulating blood monocytes, and committed myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Both macrophages and their monocytic precursors can change their functional state in response to microenvironmental cues exhibiting a marked heterogeneity. However, there are still uncertainties regarding distinct expression patterns of surface markers that clearly define macrophage subsets, particularly in the case of human macrophages. In addition to their tissue distribution, macrophages can be functionally polarized into M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (alternatively activated) as well as regulatory cells in response to both exogenous infections and solid tumors as well as by systems biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Edana Cassol
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Cassol E, Cassetta L, Rizzi C, Alfano M, Poli G. M1 and M2a polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophages inhibits HIV-1 replication by distinct mechanisms. J Immunol 2009; 182:6237-46. [PMID: 19414777 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of macrophages to support productive HIV-1 infection is known to be modulated by cytokines and other extracellular stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that cytokine-induced polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) into either classical (M1) or alternatively activated (M2a) MDM is associated with a reduced capacity to support productive CCR5-dependent (R5) HIV-1 infection. M1 polarization was associated with a significant down-regulation of CD4 receptors, increased secretion of CCR5-binding chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5), and a >90% decrease in HIV-1 DNA levels 48-h postinfection, suggesting that the inhibition occurred at an early preintegration step in the viral life cycle. In contrast, M2a polarization had no effect on either HIV-1 DNA or protein expression levels, indicating that inhibition occurred at a late/postintegration level in the viral life cycle. M2a inhibition was sustained for up to 72-h postinfection, whereas M1-effects were more short-lived. Most phenotypic and functional changes were fully reversible 7 days after removal of the polarizing stimulus, and a reciprocal down-regulation of M1-related chemokines and cytokines was observed in M2a MDM and vice versa. Since reversion to a nonpolarized MDM state was associated with a renewed capacity to support HIV replication to control levels, M1/M2a polarization may represent a mechanism that allows macrophages to cycle between latent and productive HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edana Cassol
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Funaro A, Gribaudo G, Luganini A, Ortolan E, Lo Buono N, Vicenzi E, Cassetta L, Landolfo S, Buick R, Falciola L, Murphy M, Garotta G, Malavasi F. Generation of potent neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against cytomegalovirus infection from immune B cells. BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:85. [PMID: 19014469 PMCID: PMC2631500 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated as a result of the immune response are likely to be the most effective therapeutic antibodies, particularly in the case of infectious diseases against which the immune response is protective. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an ubiquitous opportunistic virus that is the most serious pathogenic agent in transplant patients. The available therapeutic armamentarium (e.g. HCMV hyperimmune globulins or antivirals) is associated with severe side effects and the emergence of drug-resistant strains; therefore, neutralizing human mAb may be a decisive alternative in the prevention of primary and re-activated HCMV infections in these patients. Results The purpose of this study was to generate neutralizing mAb against HCMV from the immunological repertoire of immune donors. To this aim, we designed an efficient technology relying on two discrete and sequential steps: first, human B-lymphocytes are stimulated with TLR9-agonists and IL-2; second, after both additives are removed, the cells are infected with EBV. Using this strategy we obtained 29 clones secreting IgG neutralizing the HCMV infectivity; four among these were further characterized. All of the mAbs neutralize the infection in different combinations of HCMV strains and target cells, with a potency ~20 fold higher than that of the HCMV hyperimmune globulins, currently used in transplant recipients. Recombinant human monoclonal IgG1 suitable as a prophylactic or therapeutic tool in clinical applications has been generated. Conclusion The technology described has proven to be more reproducible, efficient and rapid than previously reported techniques, and can be adopted at low overall costs by any cell biology laboratory for the development of fully human mAbs for immunotherapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Funaro
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino Medical School, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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