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Pantouris G, Khurana L, Ma A, Skeens E, Reiss K, Batista VS, Lisi GP, Lolis EJ. Regulation of MIF Enzymatic Activity by an Allosteric Site at the Central Solvent Channel. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:740-750.e5. [PMID: 32433911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In proteins with multiple functions, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), the study of its intramolecular dynamic network can offer a unique opportunity to understand how a single protein is able to carry out several nonoverlapping functions. A dynamic mechanism that controls the MIF-induced activation of CD74 was recently discovered. In this study, the regulation of tautomerase activity was explored. The catalytic base Pro1 is found to form dynamic communications with the same allosteric node that regulates CD74 activation. Signal transmission between the allosteric and catalytic sites take place through intramolecular aromatic interactions and a hydrogen bond network that involves residues and water molecules of the MIF solvent channel. Once thought to be a consequence of trimerization, a regulatory function for the solvent channel is now defined. These results provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of catalytic activity and the role of solvent channel water molecules in MIF catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pantouris
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Leepakshi Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anthony Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Erin Skeens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Krystle Reiss
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - George P Lisi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Elias J Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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52
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Pawluk H, Woźniak A, Grześk G, Kołodziejska R, Kozakiewicz M, Kopkowska E, Grzechowiak E, Kozera G. The Role of Selected Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:469-484. [PMID: 32273689 PMCID: PMC7110925 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s233909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is currently one of the most common causes of death and disability in the world, and its pathophysiology is a complex process, involving the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Unfortunately, no biochemical factors useful in the diagnostics and treatment of stroke have been clearly established to date. Therefore, researchers are increasingly interested in the inflammatory response triggered by cerebral ischemia and its role in the development of cerebral infarction. This article gives an overview of the available literature data concerning the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute stroke. Detailed analysis of their role in cerebral circulation disturbances can also suggest certain immune response regulatory mechanisms aimed to reduce damage to the nervous tissue in the course of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pawluk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Kołodziejska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Kopkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzechowiak
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kozera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Medical Stimulation Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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53
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De Martinis M, Ginaldi L, Sirufo MM, Pioggia G, Calapai G, Gangemi S, Mannucci C. Alarmins in Osteoporosis, RAGE, IL-1, and IL-33 Pathways: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:medicina56030138. [PMID: 32204562 PMCID: PMC7142770 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous mediators released by cells following insults or cell death to alert the host’s innate immune system of a situation of danger or harm. Many of these, such as high-mobility group box-1 and 2 (HMGB1, HMGB2) and S100 (calgranulin proteins), act through RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), whereas the IL-1 and IL-33 cytokines bind the IL-1 receptors type I and II, and the cellular receptor ST2, respectively. The alarmin family and their signal pathways share many similarities of cellular and tissue localization, functions, and involvement in various physiological processes and inflammatory diseases including osteoporosis. The aim of the review was to evaluate the role of alarmins in osteoporosis. A bibliographic search of the published scientific literature regarding the role of alarmins in osteoporosis was organized independently by two researchers in the following scientific databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords used were combined as follows: “alarmins and osteoporosis”, “RAGE and osteoporosis”, “HMGB1 and osteoporosis”, “IL-1 and osteoporosis”, “IL 33 and osteopororsis”, “S100s protein and osteoporosis”. The information was summarized and organized in the present review. We highlight the emerging roles of alarmins in various bone remodeling processes involved in the onset and development of osteoporosis, as well as their potential role as biomarkers of osteoporosis severity and progression. Findings of the research suggest a potential use of alarmins as pharmacological targets in future therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing bone loss and fragility fractures induced by aging and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-22-12-697
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Sinitski D, Gruner K, Brandhofer M, Kontos C, Winkler P, Reinstädler A, Bourilhon P, Xiao Z, Cool R, Kapurniotu A, Dekker FJ, Panstruga R, Bernhagen J. Cross-kingdom mimicry of the receptor signaling and leukocyte recruitment activity of a human cytokine by its plant orthologs. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:850-867. [PMID: 31811089 PMCID: PMC6970916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) is an evolutionarily-conserved protein that has both extracellular immune-modulating and intracellular cell-regulatory functions. MIF plays a role in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, autoimmunity, and cancer. It serves as an inflammatory cytokine and chemokine, but also exhibits enzymatic activity. Secreted MIF binds to cell-surface immune receptors such as CD74 and CXCR4. Plants possess MIF orthologs but lack the associated receptors, suggesting functional diversification across kingdoms. Here, we characterized three MIF orthologs (termed MIF/d-dopachrome tautomerase-like proteins or MDLs) of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana Recombinant Arabidopsis MDLs (AtMDLs) share similar secondary structure characteristics with human MIF, yet only have minimal residual tautomerase activity using either p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate or dopachrome methyl ester as substrate. Site-specific mutagenesis suggests that this is due to a distinct amino acid difference at the catalytic cavity-defining residue Asn-98. Surprisingly, AtMDLs bind to the human MIF receptors CD74 and CXCR4. Moreover, they activate CXCR4-dependent signaling in a receptor-specific yeast reporter system and in CXCR4-expressing human HEK293 transfectants. Notably, plant MDLs exert dose-dependent chemotactic activity toward human monocytes and T cells. A small molecule MIF inhibitor and an allosteric CXCR4 inhibitor counteract this function, revealing its specificity. Our results indicate cross-kingdom conservation of the receptor signaling and leukocyte recruitment capacities of human MIF by its plant orthologs. This may point toward a previously unrecognized interplay between plant proteins and the human innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Sinitski
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Gruner
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Brandhofer
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christos Kontos
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Pascal Winkler
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Priscila Bourilhon
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Zhangping Xiao
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Cool
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technische Universität München (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, To whom correspondence may be addressed:
Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany. Tel.:
49-241-80-26655; Fax:
49-241-80-22637; E-mail:
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany, To whom correspondence may be addressed:
Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany. Tel.:
49-89-4400–46151; Fax:
49-89-4400–46010; E-mail:
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55
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Cross-kingdom mimicry of the receptor signaling and leukocyte recruitment activity of a human cytokine by its plant orthologs. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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56
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Sinitski D, Gruner K, Bernhagen J, Panstruga R. Studying Plant MIF/D-DT-Like Genes and Proteins (MDLs). Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2080:249-261. [PMID: 31745887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics and an upstream regulator of host innate immunity. It is a critical mediator of a variety of human diseases, such as acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, atherosclerosis, and cancer. MIF is an atypical chemokine that not only signals through its cognate receptor CD74, but also interacts with the classical chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4. MIF and its homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT)/MIF-2 are structurally unique proteins that are conserved across kingdoms and that share a remarkable homology with bacterial tautomerases/isomerases, albeit the relevance of the tautomerase activity in mammalian systems has remained unclear. Intriguingly, in silico analysis also predicts MIF orthologs in plants such as in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. There are three predicted MIF orthologs in A. thaliana, which have been termed A. thaliana MIF/D-DT-like proteins (AtMDLs). Anticipating that there will be a future research interest in studying AtMDLs or other plant MDLs, here we describe methods how to clone, recombinantly express and purify AtMDL proteins, taking into account codon usage differences between plant and mammalian cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Sinitski
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Gruner
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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57
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Hoffmann A, Zwißler LC, El Bounkari O, Bernhagen J. Studying the Pro-Migratory Effects of MIF. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2080:1-18. [PMID: 31745866 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream regulator of innate immunity and dysregulated MIF is a key mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory processes, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. MIF is a pleiotropic cytokine with chemokine-like functions that has been designated as an atypical chemokine (ACK). It orchestrates leukocyte recruitment and migration into inflamed tissues through non-cognate interactions with the classical chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4, pathways that are further facilitated by MIF's cognate receptor CD74. Here, we describe two complementary methods that can be used to characterize immune cell migration and motility responses controlled by MIF and its receptors. These are the Transwell filter migration assay, also known as modified Boyden chamber assay, a two-dimensional (2D) device, and a matrix-based three-dimensional (3D) chemotaxis assay. The Transwell system is primarily suitable to study chemotactic cell transmigration responses toward a chemoattractant such as MIF through a porous filter membrane. The 3D chemotaxis setup enables for the cellular tracking of migration, invasion, and motility of single cells using live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hoffmann
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Leon Christian Zwißler
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany. .,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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58
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Wimmer K, Sachet M, Oehler R. Circulating biomarkers of cell death. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 500:87-97. [PMID: 31655053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous disease states are associated with cell death. For many decades, apoptosis and accidental necrosis have been assumed to be the two ways how a cell can die. The recent discovery of additional cell death processes such as necroptosis, ferroptosis or pyroptosis revealed a complex interplay between cell death mechanisms and diseases. Depending on the particular cell death pathway, cells secrete distinct molecular patterns, which differ between cell death types. This review focusses on released molecules, detectable in the blood flow, and their potential role as circulating biomarkers of cell death. We elucidate the molecular background of different biomarkers and give an overview on their correlation with disease stage, therapy response and prognosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wimmer
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Sachet
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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59
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De Leo F, Quilici G, Tirone M, De Marchis F, Mannella V, Zucchelli C, Preti A, Gori A, Casalgrandi M, Mezzapelle R, Bianchi ME, Musco G. Diflunisal targets the HMGB1/CXCL12 heterocomplex and blocks immune cell recruitment. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47788. [PMID: 31418171 PMCID: PMC6776901 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular HMGB1 triggers inflammation following infection or injury and supports tumorigenesis in inflammation-related malignancies. HMGB1 has several redox states: reduced HMGB1 recruits inflammatory cells to injured tissues forming a heterocomplex with CXCL12 and signaling via its receptor CXCR4; disulfide-containing HMGB1 binds to TLR4 and promotes inflammatory responses. Here we show that diflunisal, an aspirin-like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been in clinical use for decades, specifically inhibits in vitro and in vivo the chemotactic activity of HMGB1 at nanomolar concentrations, at least in part by binding directly to both HMGB1 and CXCL12 and disrupting their heterocomplex. Importantly, diflunisal does not inhibit TLR4-dependent responses. Our findings clarify the mode of action of diflunisal and open the way to the rational design of functionally specific anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Università Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | | | - Francesco De Marchis
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Valeria Mannella
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics (CTGB)IRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseItaly
| | - Chiara Zucchelli
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | | | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento MolecolareCNRMilanItaly
| | | | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
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60
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Bilsborrow JB, Doherty E, Tilstam PV, Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:733-744. [PMID: 31414920 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1656718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine with upstream regulatory roles in innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several classes of MIF inhibitors such as small molecule inhibitors and peptide inhibitors are in clinical development. Areas covered. The role of MIF in the pathogenesis of RA and SLE is examined; the authors review the structure, physiology and signaling characteristics of MIF and the related cytokine D-DT/MIF-2. The preclinical and clinical trial data for MIF inhibitors are also reviewed; information was retrieved from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords MIF, D-DT/MIF-2, CD74, CD44, CXCR2, CXCR4, Jab-1, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, MIF inhibitor, small molecule, anti-MIF, anti-CD74, and peptide inhibitor. Expert opinion. Studies in mice and in humans demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MIF inhibition for RA and SLE. MIF- directed approaches could be particularly efficacious in patients with high expression MIF genetic polymorphisms. In patients with RA and SLE and high expression MIF alleles, targeted MIF inhibition could be a precision medicine approach to treatment. Anti-MIF pharmacotherapies could also be steroid-sparing in patients with chronic glucocorticoid dependence or refractory autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Bilsborrow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Edward Doherty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Pathricia V Tilstam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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61
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Ruggeri P, Caramori G. Functional Role of Inflammasome Activation in a Subset of Obese Nonsmoking Patients with Severe Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:1045-1047. [PMID: 30908928 PMCID: PMC6515877 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0667ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruggeri
- 1 Pneumologia, Dipartimento BIOMORF Università degli Studi di Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- 1 Pneumologia, Dipartimento BIOMORF Università degli Studi di Messina Messina, Italy
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