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Antibacterial Effect of High-Purity Nisin Alone and in Combination with D-Amino Acids or Chlorhexidine in an Endodontic-Like Biofilm Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020149. [PMID: 33540860 PMCID: PMC7913098 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies to eradicate endodontic biofilms are needed. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of high-purity nisin alone and in combination with D-amino acids (D-AAs) or chlorhexidine (CHX) against an “endodontic-like” biofilm model. Biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs for 64 h and treated with nisin, eight D-AAs mixture, nisin + eight D-AAs, 2% CHX, and nisin + 2% CHX. After the 5 min and 24 h treatments, biofilm cells were harvested and total colony-forming units were counted. Differences between groups were tested by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (p < 0.05). Nisin and D-AAs, alone or in combination, were not effective in reducing bacteria after short or long exposure times. After 5 min, treatment with 2% CHX and nisin + 2% CHX resulted in 2 and 2.4-log cell reduction, respectively, compared with the no treatment control (p < 0.001). After 24 h, 2% CHX and nisin + 2% CHX drastically reduced bacterial counts. In conclusion, high-purity nisin alone or in combination with D-AAs did not show antibacterial activity against multispecies biofilms. Moreover, combined treatment using nisin and CHX showed similar antibiofilm activity compared with the use of CHX alone.
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In vitro and In vivo Antibacterial Effects of Nisin Against Streptococcus suis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:598-610. [PMID: 33404866 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nisin is a promising therapeutic candidate because of its potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The present study aimed to describe the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effects of nisin against Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of nisin against different S. suis strains ranged from 0.12 to 4.0 μg/mL and from 0.25 to 8.0 μg/mL, respectively. Time-killing curve assays illustrated that nisin killed 100% of tested virulent S. suis strains within 4 h when used at 2× MIC, which indicates the rapid bactericidal activity of nisin against the bacteria. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that nisin destroyed S. suis cell membrane integrity and affected its cellular ultrastructure, including a significantly wrinkled surface, intracellular content leakage, and cell lysis. In addition, nisin inhibited biofilm formation by S. suis in a concentration-dependent manner and exhibited strong degrading activities against preformed biofilms. More importantly, nisin displayed antimicrobial activity against S. suis infection in vivo. Upon treatment with 5.0-10 mg/kg nisin solution, the survival rates of mice challenged with a lethal dose of virulent S. suis virulent ranged 87.5-100%. Nisin significantly decreased bacterial proliferation and translocation in the mouse spleen, brain, and blood. These results indicate that nisin has potential as a novel antimicrobial agent for the clinical treatment and prevention of infection caused by S. suis in animals.
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S S, S R. Cyclic peptide production from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their diverse applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2909-2927. [PMID: 33356473 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1860900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cyclic peptides gave gained increasing attention owing to their pH tolerance, heat stability and resistance to enzymatic actions. The increasing outbreaks of antibiotic resistant pathogens and food spoilage have prompted researchers to search for new approaches to combat them. The increasing number of reports on novel cyclic peptides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is considered as a breakthrough due to their potential applications. Although an extensive investigation is required to understand the mechanism of action and range of applications, LAB cyclic peptides can be considered as potential substitutes for commercially available antibiotics and bio preservatives. This review summarizes the current updates of LAB cyclic peptides with emphasis on their structure, mode of action and applications. Recent trends in cyclic peptide applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rupachandra S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
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Cunha E, Rebelo S, Carneiro C, Tavares L, Carreira LM, Oliveira M. A polymicrobial biofilm model for testing the antimicrobial potential of a nisin-biogel for canine periodontal disease control. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:469. [PMID: 33267882 PMCID: PMC7709300 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease (PD) in dogs is prompted by the establishment of a polymicrobial biofilm at the tooth surface and a subsequent host inflammatory response. Several strategies may be used for PD control, including dental hygiene home care procedures, like toothbrushing, special diet and chew toys that reduce dental plaque accumulation, or professional periodontal treatments. Aiming at PD control, a biogel composed by nisin and guar-gum was previously developed. This work aimed to establish an in vitro model mimicking the PD-associated biofilms and to evaluate the nisin-biogel inhibitory activity against this polymicrobial biofilm by determining its Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory (MBIC) and Eradication Concentrations (MBEC). Bacterial species tested included Neisseria zoodegmatis CCUG 52598T, Corynebacterium canis CCUG 58627T, Porphyromonas cangingivalis DSMZ VPB 4874, Peptostreptococcus canis CCUG 57081 and an Enterococcus faecalis isolate belonging to a collection of oral bacteria obtained from dogs with PD. Before establishing the biofilm, coaggregation between species was determined by optical density measurement after 2 and 24 hours. Nisin-biogel MBIC and MBEC values regarding the polymicrobial biofilm were determined using a modified version of the Calgary biofilm pin lid device, after confirming the presence of the five bacterial species by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization. RESULTS Only 40% of the bacterial dual suspensions were able to coaggregate at 2 hours, but all species tested exhibited a coaggregation percentage higher than 30% at 24 hours. It was possible to establish a 48 h polymicrobial biofilm model composed by the five bacterial species selected. This model was used to determine nisin-biogel MBIC (26.39 ± 5.89 µg/mL) and MBEC (62.5 ± 27.73 µg/mL) values. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the nisin-biogel can inhibit and eradicate PD multispecies biofilms. As this in vitro model mimics an in vivo periodontal polymicrobial biofilm, our results reinforce the potential of the application of nisin-biogel for canine PD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cunha
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Carneiro
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Carreira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
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Panpisut P, Suppapatpong T, Rattanapan A, Wongwarawut P. Monomer conversion, biaxial flexural strength, apatite forming ability of experimental dual-cured and self-adhesive dental composites containing calcium phosphate and nisin. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:399-406. [PMID: 33162458 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to develop dual-cured, self-adhesive composites containing monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM, 8 or 4 wt%) and nisin (6 or 3 wt%) with added adhesive monomer. The effect of additives on monomer conversion (MC), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), dentin shear bond strength (SBS), and surface apatite formation were examined. All experimental composites showed light-activated MC (70-75%) higher than the commercial self-adhesive composite (Vertise Flow; VF, 65%). The additives reduced BFS of the composites from 217 to 133 MPa. SBS of the experimental composites (2-6 MPa) was lower than that of VF (12 MPa). Rising MCPM level enabled apatite-like crystals precipitated on the surface of composites after immersion in simulated body fluid for 4 weeks. The additives showed negligible effect on MC and SBS. Rising level of additives reduced strength of the composites but the values were still higher than that required by the standard.
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Soares RS, Santos R, Cunha E, Tavares L, Trindade A, Oliveira M. Influence of Storage on the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Nisin-biogel with Potential to be Applied to Diabetic Foot Infections Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110781. [PMID: 33172027 PMCID: PMC7694602 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen in diabetic foot infections (DFIs). In addition to its ability to express several virulence factors, including the formation of recalcitrant biofilms, S. aureus is also becoming increasingly resistant to most antibiotics used in clinical practice. The search for alternative treatment strategies for DFI is urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), namely, nisin, are emerging as potential new therapeutics for managing DFIs. Our team has developed a nisin-guar gum biogel to be applied to DFIs. In this study, to confirm its future in vivo applicability, we evaluated the influence of four storage temperatures (−20 °C, 4 °C, 22 °C, and 37 °C) during a 24 months storage period on its antimicrobial activity towards DFI S. aureus, and its cytotoxicity, to a human keratinocyte cell line. When stored at temperatures below 22 °C, the biogel antimicrobial activity was not significantly influenced by storage duration or temperature. Moreover, nisin incorporated within the guar gum biogel exhibited no significant levels of cytotoxicity on human keratinocyte cells, confirming its potential for DFIs therapeutics. In conclusion, results confirm that the nisin-biogel is a potential candidate to be used as an alternative or complement compound for conventional DFI therapeutics.
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Enigk K, Jentsch H, Rodloff AC, Eschrich K, Stingu CS. Activity of five antimicrobial peptides against periodontal as well as non-periodontal pathogenic strains. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1829405. [PMID: 33133417 PMCID: PMC7580719 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1829405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing emergence of multi-resistant bacteria the search for alternative antimicrobial substances is of high interest. Promising agents are antimicrobial peptides which are host defense molecules of the innate immune system in a wide range of different species. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the activity of nisin, melittin, lactoferrin, parasin-1 and LL-37 against 35 oral bacteria and Candida albicans employing the gold standard method for anaerobic susceptibility testing. Methods: The activity of the peptides was determined by an agar dilution method under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The test media contained final peptide concentrations between 0.125 µg/ml and 8 µg/ml (melittin, lactoferrin, parasin-1, LL-37) and between 0.125 µg/ml and 128 µg/ml (nisin). Results: Nisin completely inhibited the growth of Megasphaera sp., Bifidobacterium longum, Parvimonas micra, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Staphylococcus aureus. Melittin and lactoferrin reduced the growth of Megasphaera sp., P. micra, B. longum (melittin) and Selenomonas flueggei (lactoferrin). Parasin-1 and LL-37 showed no activity. Conclusion: AMPs, especially nisin and to a smaller degree lactoferrin, might be promising alternatives to antibiotics because of their antimicrobial activity, high resistance to environmental conditions and partially low costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Enigk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Center for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne C. Rodloff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Eschrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Kamarajan P, Ateia I, Shin JM, Fenno JC, Le C, Zhan L, Chang A, Darveau R, Kapila YL. Periodontal pathogens promote cancer aggressivity via TLR/MyD88 triggered activation of Integrin/FAK signaling that is therapeutically reversible by a probiotic bacteriocin. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008881. [PMID: 33002094 PMCID: PMC7529280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal significant associations between periodontitis and oral cancer. However, knowledge about the contribution of periodontal pathogens to oral cancer and potential regulatory mechanisms involved is limited. Previously, we showed that nisin, a bacteriocin and commonly used food preservative, reduced oral cancer tumorigenesis and extended the life expectancy in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, nisin has antimicrobial effects on key periodontal pathogens. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that key periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) promote oral cancer via specific host-bacterial interactions, and that bacteriocin/nisin therapy may modulate these responses. All three periodontal pathogens enhanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell migration, invasion, tumorsphere formation, and tumorigenesis in vivo, without significantly affecting cell proliferation or apoptosis. In contrast, oral commensal bacteria did not affect OSCC cell migration. Pathogen-enhanced OSCC cell migration was mediated via integrin alpha V and FAK activation, since stably blocking alpha V or FAK expression abrogated these effects. Nisin inhibited these pathogen-mediated processes. Further, Treponema denticola induced TLR2 and 4 and MyD88 expression. Stable suppression of MyD88 significantly inhibited Treponema denticola-induced FAK activation and abrogated pathogen-induced migration. Together, these data demonstrate that periodontal pathogens contribute to a highly aggressive cancer phenotype via crosstalk between TLR/MyD88 and integrin/FAK signaling. Nisin can modulate these pathogen-mediated effects, and thus has therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial and anti-tumorigenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Islam Ateia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jae M. Shin
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Charles Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ana Chang
- Department of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Richard Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Radaic A, Ye C, Parks B, Gao L, Kuraji R, Malone E, Kamarajan P, Zhan L, Kapila YL. Modulation of pathogenic oral biofilms towards health with nisin probiotic. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1809302. [PMID: 32944159 PMCID: PMC7482728 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1809302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral dysbiosis is an imbalance in the oral microbiome and is associated with a variety of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease, caries, and head and neck/oral cancer. Although antibiotics can be used to control this dysbiosis, they can lead to adverse side effects and superinfections. Thus, novel strategies have been proposed to address these shortcomings. One strategy is the use of probiotics as antimicrobial agents, since they are considered safe for humans and the environment. Specifically, the Gram-positive Lactococcus lactis, a species present in the oral and gut microbiota, is able to produce nisin, which has been used worldwide for food preservation. Objective The objective of this study was to test whether a nisin probiotic can promote a healthier oral microbiome in pathogen-spiked oral biofilms. Results We found that L. lactis can prevent oral biofilm formation and disrupt 24-h and 48-h pre-formed biofilms. Finally, we demonstrate that both treatments, a nisin-producing L. lactis probiotic and nisin can decrease the levels of pathogens in the biofilms and return the diversity levels back to control or ‘healthy’ levels. Conclusion A nisin-producing probiotic, can be used to treat ‘disease-altered’ biofilms and promote healthier oral biofilms, which may be useful for improving patient oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Changchang Ye
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brett Parks
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erin Malone
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Grenier D, Marcoux E, Azelmat J, Ben Lagha A, Gauthier P. Biocompatible combinations of nisin and licorice polyphenols exert synergistic bactericidal effects against Enterococcus faecalis and inhibit NF-κB activation in monocytes. AMB Express 2020; 10:120. [PMID: 32632823 PMCID: PMC7338318 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is one of the bacterial species most frequently isolated from persistent endodontic and apical periodontal infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effects of nisin and selected licorice polyphenols (glabridin, licoricidin, licochalcone A) against planktonic and biofilm-embedded E. faecalis cells. The biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory properties of the nisin/licorice polyphenol combinations were also investigated. The lantibiotic bacteriocin (nisin), the two isoflavonoids (glabridin, licoricidin), and the chalcone (licochalcone A) efficiently inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, with MICs ranging from 6.25 to 25 µg/mL. Combining nisin with each licorice polyphenol individually resulted in a significant synergistic antibacterial effect. Following a 30-min contact, nisin in combination with either glabridin, licoricidin, or licochalcone A caused significant biofilm killing. The nisin/licorice polyphenol combinations had no cytotoxic effects (oral epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts, and stem cells of the apical papilla), with the exception of nisin/glabridin, when used at their MICs. Lastly, we showed that nisin/glabridin, nisin/licoricidin, and nisin/licochalcone A inhibit NF-κB activation induced by E. faecalis in a monocyte model, suggesting that these combinations possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study provides evidence that combinations of nisin and glabridin, licoricidin, or licochalcone A show promise as root canal disinfection agents.
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Edmans JG, Murdoch C, Santocildes-Romero ME, Hatton PV, Colley HE, Spain SG. Incorporation of lysozyme into a mucoadhesive electrospun patch for rapid protein delivery to the oral mucosa. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sharma G, Dang S, K A, Kalia M, Gabrani R. Synergistic antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of nisin like bacteriocin with curcumin and cinnamaldehyde against ESBL and MBL producing clinical strains. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:710-724. [PMID: 32772715 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1804553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are small peptides that can inhibit the growth of a diverse range of microbes. There is a need to identify bacteriocins that are effective against biofilms of resistant clinical strains. The present study focussed on the efficacy of purified nisin like bacteriocin-GAM217 against extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing clinical strains. Bacteriocin-GAM217 when combined with curcumin and cinnamaldehyde, synergistically enhanced antibacterial activity against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Bacteriocin-GAM217 and phytochemical combinations inhibited biofilm formation by >80%, and disrupted the biofilm for selected ESBL and MBL producing clinical strains. The anti-adhesion assay showed that these combinatorial compounds significantly lowered the attachment of bacteria to Vero cells and that they elicited membrane permeability and rapid killing as viewed by confocal microscopy. This study demonstrates that bacteriocin-GAM217 in combination with phytochemicals can be a potential anti-biofilm agent and thus has potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Aruna K
- Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Reema Gabrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
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Najmi Z, Kumar A, Scalia AC, Cochis A, Obradovic B, Grassi FA, Leigheb M, Lamghari M, Loinaz I, Gracia R, Rimondini L. Evaluation of Nisin and LL-37 Antimicrobial Peptides as Tool to Preserve Articular Cartilage Healing in a Septic Environment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:561. [PMID: 32596225 PMCID: PMC7304409 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair still represents a challenge for clinicians and only few effective therapies are nowadays available. In fact, surgery is limited by the tissue poor self-healing capacity while the autologous transplantation is often forsaken due to the poor in vitro expansion capacity of chondrocytes. Biomaterials science offers a unique alternative based on the replacement of the injured tissue with an artificial tissue-mimicking scaffold. However, the implantation surgical practices and the scaffold itself can be a source of bacterial infection that currently represents the first reason of implants failure due to the increasing antibiotics resistance of pathogens. So, alternative antibacterial tools to prevent infections and consequent device removal are urgently required. In this work, the role of Nisin and LL-37 peptides has been investigated as alternative to antibiotics to their antimicrobial performances for direct application at the surgical site or as doping chemicals for devices aimed at articular cartilage repair. First, peptides cytocompatibility was investigated toward human mesenchymal stem cells to determine safe concentrations; then, the broad-range antibacterial activity was verified toward the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans pathogens. The peptides selective antibacterial activity was verified by a cells-bacteria co-culture assay, while chondrogenesis was assayed to exclude any interference within the differentiation route to simulate the tissue repair. In the next phase, the experiments were repeated by moving from the cell monolayer model to 3D cartilage-like spheroids to revisit the peptides activity in a more physiologically relevant environment model. Finally, the spheroid model was applied in a perfusion bioreactor to simulate an infection in the presence of circulating peptides within a physiological environment. Results suggested that 75 μg/ml Nisin can be considered as a very promising candidate since it was shown to be more cytocompatible and potent against the investigated bacteria than LL-37 in all the tested models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Najmi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro C Scalia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Bojana Obradovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Federico A Grassi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Leigheb
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iraida Loinaz
- CIDETEC Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raquel Gracia
- CIDETEC Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
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64
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Edmans JG, Clitherow KH, Murdoch C, Hatton PV, Spain SG, Colley HE. Mucoadhesive Electrospun Fibre-Based Technologies for Oral Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E504. [PMID: 32498237 PMCID: PMC7356016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral disease greatly affects quality of life, as the mouth is required for a wide range of activities including speech, food and liquid consumption. Treatment of oral disease is greatly limited by the dose forms that are currently available, which suffer from short contact times, poor site specificity, and sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. Mucoadhesive devices prepared using electrospinning offer the potential to address these challenges by allowing unidirectional site-specific drug delivery through intimate contact with the mucosa and with high surface areas to facilitate drug release. This review will discuss the range of electrospun mucoadhesive devices that have recently been reported to address oral inflammatory diseases, pain relief, and infections, as well as new treatments that are likely to be enabled by this technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake G. Edmans
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Katharina H. Clitherow
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Paul V. Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Sebastian G. Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Helen E. Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
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65
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Cunha E, Freitas FB, São Braz B, Moreira da Silva J, Tavares L, Veiga AS, Oliveira M. Polyphasic Validation of a Nisin-Biogel to Control Canine Periodontal Disease. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040180. [PMID: 32295175 PMCID: PMC7235766 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease (PD) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease in dogs. This disease is initiated by a polymicrobial biofilm on the teeth surface, whose control includes its prevention and removal. Recently, it was shown that nisin displays antimicrobial activity against canine PD-related bacteria. Moreover, guar gum biogel has shown to be a promising topical delivery system for nisin. METHODS In this study we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the nisin-biogel in the presence of canine saliva and after a 24-month storage, at different conditions, using a canine oral enterococci collection. We also studied the nisin-biogel cytotoxicity using a Vero cell line and canine primary intestinal fibroblasts. RESULTS The presence of saliva hampers nisin-biogel antimicrobial activity, and higher nisin concentrations were required for an effective activity. A significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in inhibitory activity was observed for nisin-biogel solutions stored at 37 °C, over a 24-month period, which was not observed with the other conditions. The nisin-biogel showed no cytotoxicity against the cells tested at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the potential of the nisin-biogel for canine PD control, supporting the development of an in vivo clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cunha
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.C.); (F.B.F.); (B.S.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Ferdinando Bernardino Freitas
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.C.); (F.B.F.); (B.S.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Berta São Braz
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.C.); (F.B.F.); (B.S.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Jorge Moreira da Silva
- Virbac de Portugal Laboratórios, Lda., Rua do Centro Empresarial, Quinta da Beloura, 2710-693 Sintra, Portugal;
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.C.); (F.B.F.); (B.S.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.C.); (F.B.F.); (B.S.B.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-1213-6020-52
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66
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Nguyen T, Sedghi L, Ganther S, Malone E, Kamarajan P, Kapila YL. Host-microbe interactions: Profiles in the transcriptome, the proteome, and the metabolome. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:115-128. [PMID: 31850641 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal studies using transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics encompass the collection of mRNA transcripts, proteins, and small-molecule chemicals in the context of periodontal health and disease. The number of studies using these approaches has significantly increased in the last decade and they have provided new insight into the pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions that define periodontal diseases. This review provides an overview of current molecular findings using -omic approaches that underlie periodontal disease, including modulation of the host immune response, tissue homeostasis, and complex metabolic processes of the host and the oral microbiome. Integration of these -omic approaches will broaden our perspective of the molecular mechanisms involved in periodontal disease, advancing and improving the diagnosis and treatment of various stages and forms of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lea Sedghi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sean Ganther
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin Malone
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Nguyen T, Brody H, Lin GH, Rangé H, Kuraji R, Ye C, Kamarajan P, Radaic A, Gao L, Kapila Y. Probiotics, including nisin-based probiotics, improve clinical and microbial outcomes relevant to oral and systemic diseases. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:173-185. [PMID: 31850634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of probiotic supplementation on systemic health and gastrointestinal diseases have been investigated in numerous studies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of probiotics and their effects on periodontal health. Probiotics show beneficial effects as adjunctive therapeutics and as stand-alone agents in the treatment and prevention of gingivitis as well as specific clinical parameters of periodontitis. This review focuses on the clinical and microbiological aspects of probiotics in the context of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. In addition, a special focus on nisin-producing probiotics and nisin itself showcase their significant potential for oral and systemic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hanna Brody
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Periodontology, UFR of Odontology, APHP, Rothschild Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changchang Ye
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allan Radaic
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, The University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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68
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Zhao M, Qu Y, Liu J, Mai S, Gu L. A universal adhesive incorporating antimicrobial peptide nisin: effects on Streptococcus mutans and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms. Odontology 2020; 108:376-385. [PMID: 31912370 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For purpose of enhancing the antibacterial activity of a universal adhesive, the antimicrobial peptide nisin was incorporated into Single Bond Universal and its antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans monospecific biofilms and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms was studied. Nisin was incorporated into Single Bond Universal and the antibacterial activity was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), phenol-sulfuric acid method and lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic method. The bonding properties were tested by microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and degree of conversion (DC). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference multiple comparison tests (P < 0.05). The Single Bond Universal incorporated with 3% (w/v) nisin could significantly inhibit the growth of the S. mutans monospecific biofilms (P< 0.01) and decrease the expression of genes related to extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis (gtfB, gtfC, gtfD and spaP) and acidogenicity (ldh) (P < 0.05). 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal could also inhibit the growth of saliva-derived multispecies biofilms and decrease the excretion of EPS and lactic acid ( P< 0.05). μTBS and DC of 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal did not deteriorate obviously (P > 0.05). In conclusion, 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal substantially inhibited the growth of both S. mutans monospecific and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms without compromising the bonding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manduo Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sui Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Lisha Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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69
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Fael H, Demirel AL. Nisin/polyanion layer-by-layer films exhibiting different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10329-10337. [PMID: 35498610 PMCID: PMC9050377 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nisin/polyanion Layer-by-Layer (LbL) films are reported to exhibit different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy depending on the type of polyanion. LbL films consisting of nisin as the polycationic component were prepared using two different polyanionic constituents: poly acrylic acid (PAA) and dextran sulfate (DX). Due to the weaker interaction strength of carboxylate groups with nisin compared to sulfate/nisin, a larger molecular weight of PAA was needed to achieve LbL assembly. PAA-100K/nisin and DX-15K/nisin multilayer films exhibited significantly different properties. PAA–nisin films grew faster compared to DX–nisin films and showed, for 60 bilayer films, an average bilayer thickness of 21.6 nm compared to that of 6.1 nm in DX–nisin films. The total amount of nisin was found to be 17.1 ± 2.2 μg cm−2 in (PAA–nisin)60 and 6.8 ± 0.4 μg cm−2 in (DX–nisin)60 films. The stability of the films was investigated at three different pH values of 6.0, 7.4 and 9.5. (PAA–nisin)60 films exhibited the release of nisin into the solution which resulted in the disintegration of the film over several hours. A burst release was observed in the first hour followed by a slower release and disintegration over 24 hours with a complete release at pH 9.5. The bacterial growth inhibition test against Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed the antimicrobial activity of nisin released from PAA–nisin films. PAA was found to stabilize nisin and the film-released nisin retained its antimicrobial activity in the neutral and alkaline pH values. Unlike PAA–nisin films, (DX–nisin)60 films were stable at the physiological conditions up to 14 days with no release of nisin. DX–nisin films were found to inhibit the attachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis and prevent biofilm formation. These results clearly demonstrate the effect of different polyanions on nisin LbL films to achieve different mechanisms in antimicrobial efficacy and show the potential of PAA–nisin multilayer films as promising local delivery systems for treatment of burns and wounds, while DX–nisin multilayer films can be employed as stable coatings against bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Polyanion–nisin multilayer films exhibit antimicrobial activity by controlled release of nisin or as stable biofilm inhibiting coatings depending on polyanion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Fael
- Department of Chemistry
- Koç University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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70
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Mouritzen MV, Andrea A, Qvist K, Poulsen SS, Jenssen H. Immunomodulatory potential of Nisin A with application in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:650-660. [PMID: 31287619 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides can have a dual role with both antimicrobial activity against a broad range of bacteria and immunomodulatory effect, making them attractive as therapeutic treatment of difficult wounds. Nisin A is widely known for its antimicrobial activity, and a preliminary study demonstrated that it increased wound closure, but the mechanism behind its effect is unknown. The aim of this study is to elucidate the wound healing potential of Nisin A and the mechanism behind. First, an epithelial and endothelial cell line, human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell, were used to demonstrate migration and proliferation effects in vitro. From HaCaT cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell, changes in cytokine levels were shown by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Second, the ex vivo porcine wound healing model was used to investigate the re-epithelization potential of Nisin A. Finally, the model Galleria mellonella was used to confirm antimicrobial activity and to investigate potential immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that Nisin A affected migration significantly of both human umbilical vein endothelial cell and HaCaT cells (p < 0.05) but not proliferation, potentially by decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Nisin A treatment diminished lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α levels from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from HaCaT cells (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Nisin A did not affect proliferation ex vivo either but increased re-epithelization of the porcine skin. Nisin A improved survival of G. mellonella significantly from Staphylococcus epidermidis (p < 0.001) but not from Escherichia coli, indicating that Nisin A did not help the larvae to survive the infection in a different than direct antimicrobial way. All together this makes Nisin A a potential treatment to use in wound healing, as it increases the mobility of skin cells, dampens the effect of lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, and decreases bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athina Andrea
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrine Qvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Steen S Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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71
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Cebrián R, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Martín-Escolano R, Rubiño S, Garrido-Barros M, Montalbán-López M, Rosales MJ, Sánchez-Moreno M, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M, Marín C, Gálvez J, Maqueda M. Preclinical studies of toxicity and safety of the AS-48 bacteriocin. J Adv Res 2019; 20:129-139. [PMID: 31360546 PMCID: PMC6637140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro antimicrobial potency of the bacteriocin AS-48 is well documented, but its clinical application requires investigation, as its toxicity could be different in in vitro (haemolytic and antibacterial activity in blood and cytotoxicity towards normal human cell lines) and in vivo (e.g. mice and zebrafish embryos) models. Overall, the results obtained are promising. They reveal the negligible propensity of AS-48 to cause cell death or impede cell growth at therapeutic concentrations (up to 27 μM) and support the suitability of this peptide as a potential therapeutic agent against several microbial infections, due to its selectivity and potency at low concentrations (in the range of 0.3-8.9 μM). In addition, AS-48 exhibits low haemolytic activity in whole blood and does not induce nitrite accumulation in non-stimulated RAW macrophages, indicating a lack of pro-inflammatory effects. The unexpected heightened sensitivity of zebrafish embryos to AS-48 could be due to the low differentiation state of these cells. The low cytotoxicity of AS-48, the absence of lymphocyte proliferation in vivo after skin sensitization in mice, and the lack of toxicity in a murine model support the consideration of the broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide AS-48 as a promising therapeutic agent for the control of a vast array of microbial infections, in particular, those involved in skin and soft tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Cebrián
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology. Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Rubiño
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Garrido-Barros
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology. Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Montalbán-López
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Rosales
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology. Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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72
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Vasilchenko AS, Rogozhin EA. Sub-inhibitory Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1160. [PMID: 31178852 PMCID: PMC6543913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials, and particularly antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), have been thoroughly studied due to their therapeutic potential. The research on their exact mode of action on bacterial cells, especially at under sublethal concentrations, has resulted in a better understanding of the unpredictable nature of bacterial behavior under stress conditions. In this review, we were aiming to gather the wide yet still under-investigated knowledge about various AMPs and their subinhibition effects on cellular and molecular levels. We describe how AMP action is non-linear and unpredictable, also showing that exposure to AMP can lead to antimicrobial resistance via triggering various regulatory systems. Being one of the most known types of antimicrobials, bacteriocins have dual action and can also be utilized by microorganisms as signaling molecules at naturally achievable sub-inhibitory concentrations. The unpredictable nature of AMP action and the pathogenic response triggered by them remains an area of knowledge that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Vasilchenko
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia
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73
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Laurent F, Butin M. Staphylococcus capitis and NRCS-A clone: the story of an unrecognized pathogen in neonatal intensive care units. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1081-1085. [PMID: 30928561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), nosocomial late-onset sepsis (LOS), mostly due to coagulase negative staphylococci, constitute a major cause of death or impairment. Staphylococcus capitis, usually considered as a poorly virulent species, has been reported as a cause of LOS. OBJECTIVES To review data regarding S. capitis neonatal LOS and the features of isolates involved. SOURCES PubMed was searched up to August 2018 to retrieve studies on the topic; the keywords used were 'S. capitis', 'neonate', 'neonatal ICU', 'bloodstream infection' and 'late onset sepsis'. CONTENT Published data highlight the worldwide endemicity of a single S. capitis clone, named NRCS-A, specifically involved in LOS. NRCS-A harbours a multidrug resistance profile (including resistance to the usual first-line antibiotics used in NICUs). It is also able to adapt under vancomycin selective pressure that could confer an advantage for its implantation and dissemination in NICUs where this selective pressure is high. Moreover, a severe morbidity has been observed in NRCS-A-related LOS. The NICU environment, and especially incubators, constitute reservoirs of NRCS-A from which it could diffuse inside the setting. Finally, the virulome and resistome of S. capitis NRCS-A contain many genes potentially implicated in its specific epidemiology and pathophysiology, including the gene nsr that may be involved in its fitness and implantation in neonatal gut flora. IMPLICATIONS S. capitis must be considered as a true pathogen in neonates. The decreased susceptibility to vancomycin may be involved in failure of vancomycin therapy. Further studies are needed to better manage its diffusion inside each NICU but also worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laurent
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Département de Microbiologie et Mycologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 6 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - M Butin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Réanimation Néonatale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel 69500 Bron, France.
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Lewies A, Du Plessis LH, Wentzel JF. Antimicrobial Peptides: the Achilles’ Heel of Antibiotic Resistance? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:370-381. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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75
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Taha M, Abdelbary H, Ross FP, Carli AV. New Innovations in the Treatment of PJI and Biofilms-Clinical and Preclinical Topics. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2018; 11:380-388. [PMID: 29926287 PMCID: PMC6105481 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-018-9500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total joint replacement. A main source for antibiotic tolerance and treatment failure is bacterial production of biofilm-a resilient barrier against antibiotics, immune system, and mechanical debridement. The purpose of this review is to explore some novel approaches to treat PJI and biofilm-related infections. RECENT FINDINGS Innovative treatment strategies of bacterial and biofilm infections revolve around (a) augmenting current therapies, such as improving the delivery and efficiency of conventional antibiotics and enhancing the efficacy of antiseptics and (b) administrating completely new therapeutic modalities, such as using immunotherapy, nanoparticles, lytic bacteriophages, photodynamic therapy, novel antibiotics, and antimicrobial peptides. Several promising treatment strategies for PJI are available to be tested further. The next requirement for most of the novel treatments is reproducing their effects in clinically representative animal models of PJI against clinical isolates of relevant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Taha
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hesham Abdelbary
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - F Patrick Ross
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alberto V Carli
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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76
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Goyal C, Malik RK, Pradhan D. Purification and characterization of a broad spectrum bacteriocin produced by a selected Lactococcus lactis strain 63 isolated from Indian dairy products. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:3683-3692. [PMID: 30150828 PMCID: PMC6098757 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain 63 was isolated from Indian dairy products, produced a bacteriocin with broad spectrum inhibition against several of food pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus as well as Gram negative bacteria viz., E. coli, Yersinia, Citrobacter, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Serratia strains. Bacteriocin production was higher in GM-17 and MRS as compared to TYGE broth and enriched skim milk broth and reached the maximum level during the early stationary phase. The bacteriocin was purified by performing ammonium sulfate precipitation. The bacteriocin was able to survive 90 °C/10 min but not 100 °C/10 min. Complete inactivation of bacteriocin was observed after autoclaving. The bacteriocin maintained its activity over a wide range of pH (3-9). The antimicrobial compound produced by the isolate 63, was sensitive to papain, pepsin, trypsin and amylase but was resistant to detergents like SDS and urea. Tween 20, Tween-80 as well as Triton X-100 enhanced its activity. Since the treatment with proteolytic enzymes resulted in loss of activity, this shows that the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial substance. Tentative molecular weight of the bacteriocin was found to be between 3.5 and 5 kDa by Tricine SDS-PAGE. Finally, we confirmed the presence of gene for nisin, and the sequence thus obtained, was identical to the sequences previously described for nisin Z. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 63 or its bacteriocin, which has a wide inhibitory spectrum, has the potential for use as a starter or protective culture in the manufacture of fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya Goyal
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - R. K. Malik
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - Diwas Pradhan
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
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Goudarzi F, Asadi A, Afsharpour M, Jamadi RH. In Vitro Characterization and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity Effects of Nisin and Nisin-Loaded PLA-PEG-PLA Nanoparticles on Gastrointestinal (AGS and KYSE-30), Hepatic (HepG2) and Blood (K562) Cancer Cell Lines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1554-1566. [PMID: 29470827 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was an in vitro evaluation and comparison of the cytotoxic effects of free nisin and nisin-loaded PLA-PEG-PLA nanoparticles on gastrointestinal (AGS and KYSE-30), hepatic (HepG2), and blood (K562) cancer cell lines. To create this novel anti-cancer drug delivery system, the nanoparticles were synthesized and then loaded with nisin. Subsequently, their biocompatibility, ability to enter cells, and physicochemical properties, including formation, size, and shape, were studied using hemolysis, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Then, its loading efficiency and release kinetics were examined to assess the potential impact of this formulation for the nanoparticle carrier candidacy. The cytotoxicities of nisin and nisin-loaded nanoparticles were evaluated by using the MTT and Neutral Red (NR) uptake assays. Detections of the apoptotic cells were done via Ethidium Bromide (EB)/Acridine Orange (AO) staining. The FTIR spectra, SEM images, and DLS graph confirmed the formations of the nanoparticles and nisin-loaded nanoparticles with spherical, distinct, and smooth surfaces and average sizes of 100 and 200 nm, respectively. The loading efficiency of the latter nanoparticles was about 85-90%. The hemolysis test represented their non-cytotoxicities and the FITC images indicated their entrance inside the cells. An increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells was observed through EB/AO staining. These results demonstrated that nisin had a cytotoxic effect on AGS, KYSE-30, HepG2, and K562 cancer cell lines, while the cytotoxicity of nisin-loaded nanoparticles was more than that of the free nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Goudarzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah St, Ardabil, 11367-56199, Iran.
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah St, Ardabil, 11367-56199, Iran
| | - Maryam Afsharpour
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, 14335-186, Iran
| | - Robab Hassanvand Jamadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Daneshgah St, Ardabil, 11367-56199, Iran
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Abstract
Microbial biofilms, which are elaborate and highly resistant microbial aggregates formed on surfaces or medical devices, cause two-thirds of infections and constitute a serious threat to public health. Immunocompromised patients, individuals who require implanted devices, artificial limbs, organ transplants, or external life support and those with major injuries or burns, are particularly prone to become infected. Antibiotics, the mainstay treatments of bacterial infections, have often proven ineffective in the fight against microbes when growing as biofilms, and to date, no antibiotic has been developed for use against biofilm infections. Antibiotic resistance is rising, but biofilm-mediated multidrug resistance transcends this in being adaptive and broad spectrum and dependent on the biofilm growth state of organisms. Therefore, the treatment of biofilms requires drug developers to start thinking outside the constricted "antibiotics" box and to find alternative ways to target biofilm infections. Here, we highlight recent approaches for combating biofilms focusing on the eradication of preformed biofilms, including electrochemical methods, promising antibiofilm compounds and the recent progress in drug delivery strategies to enhance the bioavailability and potency of antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Wolfmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sarah C. Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Room 232, 2259
Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Su M, Yao S, Gu L, Huang Z, Mai S. Antibacterial effect and bond strength of a modified dental adhesive containing the peptide nisin. Peptides 2018; 99:189-194. [PMID: 29024714 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to incorporate the antibacterial peptide nisin into an etch-and-rinse dental adhesive to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the modified adhesive against Streptococcus mutans and the bond strength. Single Bond 2 was used as a negative control, and nisin was incorporated at 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v). The antibacterial activity against S. mutans was evaluated using the film contact test, the agar diffusion test, XTT assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of the modified dental adhesive was also evaluated. The cured nisin-incorporated dental adhesive exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans (P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect was strengthened as the nisin concentration increased (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in the agar diffusion test were found for the cured nisin-incorporated adhesives compared with the control group. Based on XTT results and CLSM images, the cured nisin-incorporated adhesive interfered with the adherence of S. mutans and the integrity of its biofilms (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the 1% nisin group did not exhibit a significant difference in μTBS (P>0.05), whereas the 3% and 5% nisin groups displayed decreased bond strength (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunyi Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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El Jaam O, Fliss I, Aïder M. Effect of electro-activated aqueous solutions, nisin and moderate heat treatment on the inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 spores in green beans puree and whole green beans. Anaerobe 2017; 47:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mai S, Mauger MT, Niu LN, Barnes JB, Kao S, Bergeron BE, Ling JQ, Tay FR. Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:16-35. [PMID: 27845274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
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Ceotto-Vigoder H, Marques S, Santos I, Alves M, Barrias E, Potter A, Alviano D, Bastos M. Nisin and lysostaphin activity against preformed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus
involved in bovine mastitis. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:101-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ceotto-Vigoder
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - S.L.S. Marques
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - I.N.S. Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - M.D.B. Alves
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - E.S. Barrias
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia; Duque de Caxias; Brazil
| | - A. Potter
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - D.S. Alviano
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - M.C.F. Bastos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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83
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Shin JM, Gwak JW, Kamarajan P, Fenno JC, Rickard AH, Kapila YL. Biomedical applications of nisin. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1449-65. [PMID: 26678028 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by a group of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to Lactococcus and Streptococcus species. Nisin is classified as a Type A (I) lantibiotic that is synthesized from mRNA and the translated peptide contains several unusual amino acids due to post-translational modifications. Over the past few decades, nisin has been used widely as a food biopreservative. Since then, many natural and genetically modified variants of nisin have been identified and studied for their unique antimicrobial properties. Nisin is FDA approved and generally regarded as a safe peptide with recognized potential for clinical use. Over the past two decades the application of nisin has been extended to biomedical fields. Studies have reported that nisin can prevent the growth of drug-resistant bacterial strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococci and Clostridium difficile. Nisin has now been shown to have antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative disease-associated pathogens. Nisin has been reported to have anti-biofilm properties and can work synergistically in combination with conventional therapeutic drugs. In addition, like host-defence peptides, nisin may activate the adaptive immune response and have an immunomodulatory role. Increasing evidence indicates that nisin can influence the growth of tumours and exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. Collectively, the application of nisin has advanced beyond its role as a food biopreservative. Thus, this review will describe and compare studies on nisin and provide insight into its future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Shin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J W Gwak
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Kamarajan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y L Kapila
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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