1
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Edmans JG, Harrison S, Hatton PV, Murdoch C, Spain SG, Colley HE. Electrospinning polymersomes into bead-on-string polyethylene oxide fibres for the delivery of biopharmaceuticals to mucosal epithelia. Biomater Adv 2024; 157:213734. [PMID: 38109830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous mucoadhesive polymer membranes prepared using electrospinning demonstrate many advantages for mucosal drug delivery compared to other formulations. Previous electrospun membrane formulations have been developed mainly for the delivery of small molecule drugs. There remains great potential to further develop the technology for the delivery of vesicular vectors that allow administration of advanced therapeutic agents. However, there are no previous reports demonstrating the release of intact drug delivery vesicles from electrospun materials. Here, we describe incorporation and release of protein-loaded polymersomes from polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrospun membranes. Polymersomes comprising a copolymer of glycerol monomethacrylate (GMA) and hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) were prepared using polymerization-induced self-assembly and incorporated within PEO membranes using bead-on-string electrospinning at approximately 40 % w/w by polymer mass. Super-resolution fluorescence imaging showed that the vesicles remained intact and retained their encapsulated protein load within the fibre beads. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that polymersomes retained their morphology following release from the polymer fibres. F(ab) antibody fragments were encapsulated within polymersomes and then electrospun into membranes. 78 ± 13 % of the F(ab) remained encapsulated within polymersomes during electrospinning and retained functionality when released from electrospun membranes, demonstrating that the formulation is suitable for the delivery of biologics. Membranes were non-irritant to the oral epithelium and fluorescence microscopy detected accumulation of polymersomes within the epithelia following application. This innovative drug delivery approach represents a novel and potentially highly useful method for the administration of large molecular mass therapeutic molecules to diseased mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake G Edmans
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Sebastian G Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom
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2
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Edmans JG, Murdoch C, Hatton PV, Madsen LS, Santocildes-Romero ME, Spain SG, Colley HE. Bioactive Protein and Peptide Release from a Mucoadhesive Electrospun Membrane. Biomed Mater Devices 2023; 2:444-453. [PMID: 38425458 PMCID: PMC10899313 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-023-00098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based biologics constitute a rapidly expanding category of therapeutic agents with high target specificity. Their clinical use has dramatically increased in recent years, but administration is largely via injection. Drug delivery across the oral mucosa is a promising alternative to injections, in order to avoid the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism. Current drug delivery formulations include liquid sprays, mucoadhesive tablets and films, which lack dose control in the presence of salivary flow. To address this, electrospun membranes that adhere tightly to the oral mucosa and release drugs locally have been developed. Here, we investigated the suitability of these mucoadhesive membranes for peptide or protein release. Bradykinin (0.1%) or insulin (1, 3, and 5%) were incorporated by electrospinning from ethanol/water mixtures. Immersion of membranes in buffer resulted in the rapid release of bradykinin, with a maximal release of 70 ± 12% reached after 1 h. In contrast, insulin was liberated more slowly, with 88 ± 11, 69.0 ± 5.4, and 63.9 ± 9.0% cumulative release of the total encapsulated dose after 8 h for membranes containing 1, 3, and 5% w/w insulin, respectively. Membrane-eluted bradykinin retained pharmacological activity by inducing rapid intracellular calcium release upon binding to its cell surface receptor on oral fibroblasts, when examined by flow cytometry. To quantify further, time-lapse confocal microscopy revealed that membrane-eluted bradykinin caused a 1.58 ± 0.16 fold-change in intracellular calcium fluorescence after 10 s compared to bradykinin solution (2.13 ± 0.21), relative to placebo. In conclusion, these data show that electrospun membranes may be highly effective vehicles for site-specific administration of biotherapeutic proteins or peptides directly to the oral mucosa for either local or systemic drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake G. Edmans
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA UK
| | - Paul V. Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA UK
| | | | | | - Sebastian G. Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF UK
| | - Helen E. Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA UK
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3
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Harding AL, Colley HE, Vazquez IB, Danby S, Hasan MZ, Nakanishi H, Furuno T, Murdoch C. c-Src activation as a potential marker of chemical-induced skin irritation using tissue-engineered skin equivalents. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:220-225. [PMID: 36457227 PMCID: PMC10946902 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Skin irritancy to topically applied chemicals is a significant problem that affects millions of people worldwide. New or modified chemical entities must be tested for potential skin irritancy by industry as part of the safety and toxicity profiling process. Many of these tests have now moved to a non-animal-based format to reduce experiments on animals. However, these tests for irritancy potential often rely on monolayer cultures of keratinocytes that are not representative of the skin architecture or tissue-engineered human skin equivalents (HSE) using complex multi-gene expression panels that are often cumbersome and not amenable for high throughput. Here, we show that human skin equivalents increase abundance of several phosphorylated kinases (c-Src, c-Jun, p53, GSK3α/β) in response to irritant chemical stimulation by phosphokinase array analysis. Specific phosphorylation of c-SrcY419 was confirmed by immunoblotting and was plasma membrane-associated in basal/spinous cells by phospho-specific immunohistochemistry. Moreover, c-SrcY419 phosphorylation in response to the irritants lactic acid and capsaicin was inhibited by the c-Src inhibitors KB-SRC and betaine trimethylglycine. These data provide the first evidence for c-Src specific activation in response to chemical irritants and point to the development of new modes of rapid testing by immunodetection for first-pass screening of potential irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Harding
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Helen E. Colley
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Simon Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Safety Design CentreKyotoJapan
| | | | - Tetsuo Furuno
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Safety Design CentreKyotoJapan
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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4
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Edmans JG, Ollington B, Colley HE, Santocildes-Romero ME, Siim Madsen L, Hatton PV, Spain SG, Murdoch C. Electrospun patch delivery of anti-TNFα F(ab) for the treatment of inflammatory oral mucosal disease. J Control Release 2022; 350:146-157. [PMID: 35973471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ulcerative oral mucosal inflammatory diseases, including oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, are painful and highly prevalent, yet lack effective clinical management. In recent years, systemic biologic therapies, including monoclonal antibodies that block the activity of cytokines, have been increasingly used to treat a range of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The ability to deliver similar therapeutic agents locally to the oral epithelium could radically alter treatment options for oral mucosal inflammatory diseases, where pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNFα), are major drivers of pathogenesis. To address this, an electrospun dual-layer mucoadhesive patch comprising medical-grade polymers was investigated for the delivery of F(ab) biologics to the oral mucosa. A fluorescent-labelled F(ab) was incorporated into mucoadhesive membranes using electrospinning with 97% v/v ethanol as a solvent. The F(ab) was detected within the fibres in aggregates when visualised by confocal microscopy. Biotinylated F(ab) was rapidly eluted from the patch (97 ± 5% released within 3 h) without loss of antigen-binding activity. Patches applied to oral epithelium models successfully delivered the F(ab), with fluorescent F(ab) observed within the tissue and 5.1 ± 1.5% cumulative transepithelial permeation reached after 9 h. Neutralising anti-TNFα F(ab) fragments were generated from whole IgG by papain cleavage, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE, then incorporated into patches. F(ab)-containing patches had TNFα neutralising activity, as shown by the suppression of TNFα-mediated CXCL8 release from oral keratinocytes cultured as monolayers. Patches were applied to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated immune-competent oral mucosal ulcer equivalents that contained primary macrophages. Anti-TNFα patch treatment led to reduced levels of active TNFα along with a reduction in the levels of disease-implicated T-cell chemokines (CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL10) to baseline concentrations. This is the first report of an effective device for the delivery of antibody-based biologics to the oral mucosa, enabling the future development of new therapeutic strategies to treat painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake G Edmans
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Bethany Ollington
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
| | | | - Lars Siim Madsen
- AFYX Therapeutics, Lergravsej 57, 2. tv, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Sebastian G Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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5
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Waters E, Wilkinson KA, Harding AL, Carmichael RE, Robinson D, Colley HE, Guo C. The SUMO protease SENP3 regulates mitochondrial autophagy mediated by Fis1. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e48754. [PMID: 34994490 PMCID: PMC8811651 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are unavoidably subject to organellar stress resulting from exposure to a range of reactive molecular species. Consequently, cells operate a poorly understood quality control programme of mitophagy to facilitate elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria. Here, we used a model stressor, deferiprone (DFP), to investigate the molecular basis for stress-induced mitophagy. We show that mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) is required for DFP-induced mitophagy and that Fis1 is SUMOylated at K149, an amino acid residue critical for Fis1 mitochondrial localization. We find that DFP treatment leads to the stabilization of the SUMO protease SENP3, which is mediated by downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase CHIP. SENP3 is responsible for Fis1 deSUMOylation and depletion of SENP3 abolishes DFP-induced mitophagy. Furthermore, preventing Fis1 SUMOylation by conservative K149R mutation enhances Fis1 mitochondrial localization. Critically, expressing a Fis1 K149R mutant restores DFP-induced mitophagy in SENP3-depleted cells. Thus, we propose a model in which SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation facilitates Fis1 mitochondrial localization to underpin stress-induced mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Waters
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Amy L Harding
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Darren Robinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chun Guo
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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El-Howati A, Thornhill MH, Colley HE, Murdoch C. Immune mechanisms in oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1400-1415. [PMID: 35092132 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa that has been extensively researched over many years but as yet the mechanisms of pathogenesis are still not fully understood. Whilst the specific etiologic factors driving OLP remain ambiguous, evidence points to the development of a chronic, dysregulated immune response to OLP-mediating antigens presented by innate immune cells and oral keratinocytes leading to increased cytokine, chemokine and adhesion molecule expression. These molecules recruit T-cells and mast cells to the diseased site and orchestrate a complex interplay between cells that culminates in keratinocyte cell death, mucosal basement membrane destruction and long-term chronicity of the disease. The main lymphocytes involved are thought to be CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ Th1 polarised T-cells although recent evidence indicates the involvement of other Th subsets such as Th9, Th17 and Tregs, suggesting that a more complex immune cell relationship exists during the disease process. This review provides an overview of the immune mechanisms at play in OLP pathogenesis with particular emphasis on the role of the different Th subsets and how these recent discoveries may guide research toward identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma El-Howati
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Martin H Thornhill
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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7
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Harding AL, Murdoch C, Danby S, Hasan MZ, Nakanishi H, Furuno T, Hadad S, Turner R, Colley HE. Determination of Chemical Irritation Potential Using a Defined Gene Signature Set on Tissue-Engineered Human Skin Equivalents. JID Innov 2021; 1:100011. [PMID: 34909715 PMCID: PMC8659397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no physical or visual manifestations that define skin sensitivity or irritation; a subjective diagnosis is made on the basis of the evaluation of clinical presentations, including burning, prickling, erythema, and itching. Adverse skin reaction in response to topically applied products is common and can limit the use of dermatological or cosmetic products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of human skin equivalents based on immortalized skin keratinocytes and evaluate the potential of a 22-gene panel in combination with multivariate analysis to discriminate between chemicals known to act as irritants and those that do not. Test compounds were applied topically to full-thickness human skin equivalent or human ex vivo skin and gene signatures determined for known irritants and nonirritants. Principle component analysis showed the discriminatory potential of the 22-gene panel. Linear discrimination analysis, performed to further refine the gene set for a more high-throughput analysis, identified a putative seven-gene panel (IL-6, PTGS2, ATF3, TRPV3, MAP3K8, HMGB2, and matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP-3) that could distinguish potential irritants from nonirritants. These data offer promise as an in vitro prediction tool, although analysis of a large chemical test set is required to further evaluate the system.
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Key Words
- CA, cinnamaldehyde
- CAP, capsaicin
- CON, control
- Co-DEA, cocamide diethanolamine
- Co-MEA, cocamide monoethanolamine
- H2O, water
- HDF, human dermal fibroblast
- HSE, human skin equivalent
- KC, keratinocyte
- LA, lactic acid
- LDA, linear discrimination analysis
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MP, methylparaben
- N-LA, neutralized lactic acid
- PCA, principal component analysis
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Harding
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Craig Murdoch, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Furuno
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sirwan Hadad
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Turner
- Research Software Engineering Sheffield, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Colley
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in orchestrating the host immune response toward invading organisms or non-self molecules in the oral mucosa. Three-dimensional (3D) oral mucosal equivalents (OME) containing oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes are used extensively to mimic the human oral mucosa where they have been employed to examine innate immune responses to both bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as to biomaterials. Although the presence of immune cells is critical in generating an immune response, very few studies have incorporated leukocytes into OME, and to date, none have contained primary human macrophages. In this study, we report the generation of an immunocompetent OME to investigate immune responses toward bacterial challenge. Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were as responsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge when cultured within a 3D hydrogel in terms of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, CXCL8, and TNF-α) gene expression and protein secretion compared with culture as two-dimensional monolayers. MDM were incorporated into a type 1 collagen hydrogel along with oral fibroblasts and the apical surface seeded with oral keratinocytes to generate an MDM-containing OME. Full-thickness MDM-OME displayed a stratified squamous epithelium and a fibroblast-populated connective tissue containing CD68-positive MDM that could be readily isolated to a single-cell population for further analysis by collagenase treatment followed by flow cytometry. When stimulated with LPS, MDM-OME responded with increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion, most notably for TNF-α that increased 12-fold when compared with OME alone. Moreover, this proinflammatory response was inhibited by pretreatment with dexamethasone, showing that MDM-OME are also amenable to drug treatment. Dual-labeled immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that MDM were the sole source of TNF-α production within MDM-OME. These data show functional activity of MDM-OME and illustrate their usefulness for investigations aimed at monitoring the immune response of the oral mucosa to pathogens, biomaterials, and for tissue toxicity and anti-inflammatory drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Ollington
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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9
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Said Z, Murdoch C, Hansen J, Siim Madsen L, Colley HE. Corticosteroid delivery using oral mucosa equivalents for the treatment of inflammatory mucosal diseases. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12761. [PMID: 33645844 PMCID: PMC8048628 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune‐mediated disease of the oral mucosa with idiopathic aetiology. It is frequently treated with topical corticosteroids (applied as gels, mouthwashes, or sprays); however, the mucosal exposure times of topical corticosteroids are short because of removal by the constant flow of saliva and mechanical forces. In this study we used cell monolayers, as well as oral mucosal equivalents (OMEs) containing activated T‐cells, to examine corticosteroid potency and delivery of clobetasol‐17‐propionate from a novel electrospun mucoadhesive patch. The OMEs displayed tight junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and an efficient permeability barrier. Following application of corticosteroids to cells cultured as monolayers, the degree of cytotoxicity measured correlated to the level of potency recognized for each corticosteroid; by contrast, OMEs were largely unaffected by corticosteroid treatment. Permeation of clobetasol‐17‐propionate into and through the OMEs was time‐ and dose‐dependent, regardless of whether this corticosteroid was delivered in liquid form or from a mucoadhesive patch, and both liquid‐ and patch‐delivered clobetasol‐17‐propionate significantly reduced the secretion of interleukin‐2 by activated T‐cells. This study confirms that OMEs are more suitable models than cell monolayers for evaluating toxicity and drug delivery. After topical exposure, clobetasol‐17‐propionate accumulated in OMEs at a higher level than betamethasone‐17‐valerate and hydrocortisone‐17‐valerate, and exerted its immunosuppressive actions following application via the patch delivery system, highlighting the efficacy of this mode of drug delivery to treat OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfahmi Said
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Edmans JG, Murdoch C, Santocildes-Romero ME, Hatton PV, Colley HE, Spain SG. Incorporation of lysozyme into a mucoadhesive electrospun patch for rapid protein delivery to the oral mucosa. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2020; 112:110917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Edmans JG, Clitherow KH, Murdoch C, Hatton PV, Spain SG, Colley HE. Mucoadhesive Electrospun Fibre-Based Technologies for Oral Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E504. [PMID: 32498237 PMCID: PMC7356016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral disease greatly affects quality of life, as the mouth is required for a wide range of activities including speech, food and liquid consumption. Treatment of oral disease is greatly limited by the dose forms that are currently available, which suffer from short contact times, poor site specificity, and sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. Mucoadhesive devices prepared using electrospinning offer the potential to address these challenges by allowing unidirectional site-specific drug delivery through intimate contact with the mucosa and with high surface areas to facilitate drug release. This review will discuss the range of electrospun mucoadhesive devices that have recently been reported to address oral inflammatory diseases, pain relief, and infections, as well as new treatments that are likely to be enabled by this technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake G. Edmans
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Katharina H. Clitherow
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Paul V. Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
| | - Sebastian G. Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Helen E. Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (J.G.E.); (K.H.C.); (P.V.H.); (H.E.C.)
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12
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Leedale JA, Kyffin JA, Harding AL, Colley HE, Murdoch C, Sharma P, Williams DP, Webb SD, Bearon RN. Multiscale modelling of drug transport and metabolism in liver spheroids. Interface Focus 2020; 10:20190041. [PMID: 32194929 PMCID: PMC7061947 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In early preclinical drug development, potential candidates are tested in the laboratory using isolated cells. These in vitro experiments traditionally involve cells cultured in a two-dimensional monolayer environment. However, cells cultured in three-dimensional spheroid systems have been shown to more closely resemble the functionality and morphology of cells in vivo. While the increasing usage of hepatic spheroid cultures allows for more relevant experimentation in a more realistic biological environment, the underlying physical processes of drug transport, uptake and metabolism contributing to the spatial distribution of drugs in these spheroids remain poorly understood. The development of a multiscale mathematical modelling framework describing the spatio-temporal dynamics of drugs in multicellular environments enables mechanistic insight into the behaviour of these systems. Here, our analysis of cell membrane permeation and porosity throughout the spheroid reveals the impact of these properties on drug penetration, with maximal disparity between zonal metabolism rates occurring for drugs of intermediate lipophilicity. Our research shows how mathematical models can be used to simulate the activity and transport of drugs in hepatic spheroids and in principle any organoid, with the ultimate aim of better informing experimentalists on how to regulate dosing and culture conditions to more effectively optimize drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Leedale
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - Jonathan A Kyffin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Amy L Harding
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Dominic P Williams
- AstraZeneca, IMED Biotech Unit, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, UK
| | - Steven D Webb
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Rachel N Bearon
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
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13
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Leedale J, Colley HE, Gaskell H, Williams DP, Bearon RN, Chadwick AE, Murdoch C, Webb SD. In silico-guided optimisation of oxygen gradients in hepatic spheroids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2019.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Kyffin JA, Cox CR, Leedale J, Colley HE, Murdoch C, Mistry P, Webb SD, Sharma P. Preparation of Primary Rat Hepatocyte Spheroids Utilizing the Liquid‐Overlay Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 81:e87. [PMID: 31529797 PMCID: PMC9285795 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a protocol for the preparation and analysis of primary isolated rat hepatocytes in a 3D cell culture format described as spheroids. The hepatocyte cells spontaneously self‐aggregate into spheroids without the need for synthetic extracellular matrices or hydrogels. Primary rat hepatocytes (PRHs) are a readily available source of primary differentiated liver cells and therefore conserve many of the required liver‐specific functional markers, and elicit the natural in vivo phenotype when compared with common hepatic cells lines. We describe the liquid‐overlay technique which provides an ultra‐low attachment surface on which PRHs can be cultured as spheroids. © 2019 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of agarose‐coated plates Basic Protocol 2: Primary rat hepatocyte isolation procedure Basic Protocol 3: Primary rat hepatocyte spheroid culture Basic Protocol 4: Immunofluorescent analysis of PRH spheroids
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Kyffin
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom
- Current address: Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Chester Chester United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R. Cox
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Leedale
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont CrescentUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont CrescentUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Pratibha Mistry
- Syngenta Ltd.Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire United Kingdom
| | - Steven D. Webb
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom
- Department of Applied MathematicsLiverpool John Moores University Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Sharma
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom
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15
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Clitherow KH, Murdoch C, Spain SG, Handler AM, Colley HE, Stie MB, Mørck Nielsen H, Janfelt C, Hatton PV, Jacobsen J. Mucoadhesive Electrospun Patch Delivery of Lidocaine to the Oral Mucosa and Investigation of Spatial Distribution in a Tissue Using MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3948-3956. [PMID: 31361498 PMCID: PMC7007276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many
oral mucosal conditions cause considerable and prolonged pain
that to date has been difficult to alleviate via topical delivery,
and the use of injection causes many patients dental anxiety and needle-prick
pain. Therefore, developing a noninjectable drug delivery system as
an alternative administration procedure may vastly improve the health
and wellbeing of these patients. Recent advances in the development
of mucoadhesive electrospun patches for the direct delivery of therapeutics
to the oral mucosa offer a potential solution, but as yet, the release
of local anesthetics from this system and their uptake by oral tissue
have not been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of
lidocaine-loaded electrospun fiber patches, drug release, and subsequent
uptake and permeation through the porcine buccal mucosa. Lidocaine
HCl and lidocaine base were incorporated into the electrospun patches
to evaluate the difference in drug permeation for the two drug compositions.
Lidocaine released from the lidocaine HCl-containing electrospun patches
was significantly quicker than from the lidocaine base patches, with
double the amount of drug released from the lidocaine HCl patches
in the first 15 min (0.16 ± 0.04 mg) compared to that from the
lidocaine base patches (0.07 ± 0.01 mg). The permeation of lidocaine
from the lidocaine HCl electrospun patches through ex vivo porcine
buccal mucosa was also detected in 15 min, whereas permeation of lidocaine
from the lidocaine base patch was not detected. Matrix-assisted laser
desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging was used to investigate
localization of lidocaine within the oral tissue. Lidocaine in the
solution as well as from the mucoadhesive patch penetrated into the
buccal mucosal tissue in a time-dependent manner and was detectable
in the lamina propria after only 15 min. Moreover, the lidocaine released
from lidocaine HCl electrospun patches retained biological activity,
inhibiting veratridine-mediated opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. These data suggest that a mucoadhesive
electrospun patch may be used as a vehicle for rapid uptake and sustained
anesthetic drug delivery to treat or prevent oral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina H Clitherow
- School of Clinical Dentistry , University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent , Sheffield S10 2TA , U.K
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry , University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent , Sheffield S10 2TA , U.K
| | - Sebastian Guy Spain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Anna Mette Handler
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , 2 Universitetsparken , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry , University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent , Sheffield S10 2TA , U.K
| | - Mai Bay Stie
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , 2 Universitetsparken , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , 2 Universitetsparken , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , 2 Universitetsparken , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry , University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent , Sheffield S10 2TA , U.K
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , 2 Universitetsparken , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark
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16
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Legge CJ, Colley HE, Lawson MA, Rawlings AE. Targeted magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia for the treatment of oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:803-809. [PMID: 31309616 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma currently experience a five-year survival rate of approximately 60% with conventional surgical, chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Magnetic hyperthermia offers an alternative treatment method by utilising the heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles to produce thermal ablation of the tumour site when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. In this study, we investigate in vitro if targeted magnetic hyperthermia offers a potential treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, with a biocompatible silica coating, were produced and conjugated with antibodies to target integrin αvβ6, a well-characterised oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarker. Utilising the heating properties of the magnetic nanoparticles, we exposed them to an alternating magnetic field to produce thermo ablation of tumour cells either negative for or overexpressing integrin αvβ6. RESULTS The cell surface biomarker, αvβ6 integrin, was upregulated in tissue biopsies from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients compared to normal tissue. Functionalisation of the silica coating with anti-αvβ6 antibodies enabled direct targeting of the nanoparticles to αvβ6 overexpressing cells and applying thermal therapy significantly increased killing of the targeted tumour cells compared to control cells. CONCLUSION Combining antibody-targeting magnetic nanoparticles with thermal ablation offers a promising therapy for the targeted treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Legge
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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17
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Colley HE, Said Z, Santocildes-Romero ME, Baker SR, D'Apice K, Hansen J, Madsen LS, Thornhill MH, Hatton PV, Murdoch C. Novel Bilayer Mucoadhesive Patches for Delivery of Clobetasol-17-Propionate to the Oral Mucosa to Treat Oral Lichen Planus; an in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Leedale J, Sharkey KJ, Colley HE, Norton ÁM, Peeney D, Mason CL, Sathish JG, Murdoch C, Sharma P, Webb SD. A Combined In Vitro/In Silico Approach to Identifying Off-Target Receptor Toxicity. iScience 2018; 4:84-96. [PMID: 30240756 PMCID: PMC6147237 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many xenobiotics can bind to off-target receptors and cause toxicity via the dysregulation of downstream transcription factors. Identification of subsequent off-target toxicity in these chemicals has often required extensive chemical testing in animal models. An alternative, integrated in vitro/in silico approach for predicting toxic off-target functional responses is presented to refine in vitro receptor identification and reduce the burden on in vivo testing. As part of the methodology, mathematical modeling is used to mechanistically describe processes that regulate transcriptional activity following receptor-ligand binding informed by transcription factor signaling assays. Critical reactions in the signaling cascade are identified to highlight potential perturbation points in the biochemical network that can guide and optimize additional in vitro testing. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model provides information on the timing and localization of different levels of receptor activation informing whole-body toxic potential resulting from off-target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Leedale
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK.
| | - Kieran J Sharkey
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZL, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Áine M Norton
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - David Peeney
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chantelle L Mason
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jean G Sathish
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Immuno and Molecular Toxicology, Drug Safety Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Steven D Webb
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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19
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Walladbegi J, Smith SA, Grayson AK, Murdoch C, Jontell M, Colley HE. Cooling of the oral mucosa to prevent adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents: An in vitro study. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:477-483. [PMID: 29469972 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents to the oral mucosa, as a side effect of cancer treatment, is a major problem. Cooling the oral mucosa using ice chips in conjunction with chemotherapy is known to reduce the severity of oral mucositis. However, although the use of ice chips is of clinical value, this method of cooling has inherent problems including discomfort for the patient, non-uniformity and fluctuations in cooling temperature throughout the oral cavity. Furthermore, despite being used clinically, it is not known what reduction in temperature is required to prevent oral mucositis. The aim of this study was therefore to determine in vitro if the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the oral mucosa could be reduced by lowering the temperature during chemotherapeutic treatment. METHODS Tissue-engineered oral mucosal (TEOM) models were incubated at 20, 25, 30 or 35°C for 30 minutes followed by exposure to a clinically relevant concentration of 5-FU (162 μg/mL) for 2 hours and compared with untreated models (35°C). Cell viability and inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6 and TNF-α) were measured using PrestoBlue® and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS TEOM models incubated at 20°C showed an increased cell viability and had a reduced IL-6 and TNF-α production compared to models treated with 5-FU incubated at 35°C. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a reduced cytotoxic effect to the TEOM by reducing the temperature of the tissue during chemotherapy treatment and suggests that decreasing the temperature to 20°C could have clinical advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Java Walladbegi
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah A Smith
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amy K Grayson
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mats Jontell
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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20
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Puwanun S, Delaine‐Smith RM, Colley HE, Yates JM, MacNeil S, Reilly GC. A simple rocker-induced mechanical stimulus upregulates mineralization by human osteoprogenitor cells in fibrous scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:370-381. [PMID: 28486747 PMCID: PMC5836908 DOI: 10.1002/term.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds can be used to support bone-forming cells and could fill a thin bony defect, such as in cleft palate. Oscillatory fluid flow has been shown to stimulate bone production in human progenitor cells in monolayer culture. The aim of this study was to examine whether bone matrix production by primary human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow or jaw periosteal tissue could be stimulated using oscillatory fluid flow supplied by a standard see-saw rocker. This was investigated for cells in two-dimensional culture and within electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds. From day 4 of culture onwards, samples were rocked at 45 cycles/min for 1 h/day, 5 days/week (rocking group). Cell viability, calcium deposition, collagen production, alkaline phosphatase activity and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion were evaluated to assess the ability of the cells to undergo bone differentiation and induce vascularisation. Both cell types produced more mineralized tissue when subjected to rocking and supplemented with dexamethasone. Mesenchymal progenitors and primary human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow in three-dimensional scaffolds upregulated mineral deposition after rocking culture as assessed by micro-computed tomography and alizarin red staining. Interestingly, vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, which has previously been shown to be mechanically sensitive, was not altered by rocking in this system and was inhibited by dexamethasone. Rocker culture may be a cost effective, simple pretreatment for bone tissue engineering for small defects such as cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasima Puwanun
- Faculty of DentistryNaresuan UniversityThailand
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | | | | | - Julian M. Yates
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, School of DentistryUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldUK
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldUK
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21
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Kyffin JA, Sharma P, Leedale J, Colley HE, Murdoch C, Mistry P, Webb SD. Impact of cell types and culture methods on the functionality of in vitro liver systems - A review of cell systems for hepatotoxicity assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:262-275. [PMID: 29408671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic safety assessment is an area that impacts a multitude of different industry sectors such as medicinal drugs, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals, cosmetics and environmental contaminants. As such there are a number of well-developed in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches to evaluate their properties and potential impact on the environment and to humans. Additionally, there is the continual investment in multidisciplinary scientists to explore non-animal surrogate technologies to predict specific toxicological outcomes and to improve our understanding of the biological processes regarding the toxic potential of xenobiotics. Here we provide a concise, critical evaluation of a number of in vitro systems utilised to assess the hepatotoxic potential of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kyffin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Sharma
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
| | - Joseph Leedale
- EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Peach Street, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pratibha Mistry
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D Webb
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
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22
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Smith SA, Colley HE, Sharma P, Slowik KM, Sison-Young R, Sneddon A, Webb SD, Murdoch C. Expression and enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in human skin and tissue-engineered skin equivalents. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:473-475. [PMID: 29227563 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CYP3A4 and CYP4A5 share specificity for a wide range of xenobiotics with the CYP3 subfamily collectively involved in the biotransformation of approximately 30% of all drugs. CYP3A4/5 mRNA transcripts have been reported in the skin, yet knowledge of their protein expression and function is lacking. In this study, we observed gene and protein expression of CYP3A4/5 in both human skin and tissue-engineered skin equivalents (TESEs), and enzyme activity was detected using the model substrate benzyl-O-methyl-cyanocoumarin. Mass spectrometric analysis of TESE lysates following testosterone application revealed a time-dependent increase in metabolite production, confirming the functional expression of these enzymes in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Smith
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Klaudia M Slowik
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rowena Sison-Young
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Sneddon
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven D Webb
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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23
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Grayson AK, Hearnden V, Bolt R, Jebreel A, Colley HE, Murdoch C. Use of a Rho kinase inhibitor to increase human tonsil keratinocyte longevity for three-dimensional, tissue engineered tonsil epithelium equivalents. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1636-e1646. [PMID: 29048773 DOI: 10.1002/term.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of tissue-engineered epithelial models is often hampered by the limited proliferative capacity of primary epithelial cells. This study aimed to isolate normal tonsillar keratinocytes (NTK) from human tonsils, increase the lifespan of these cells using the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and to develop tissue-engineered equivalents of healthy and infected tonsil epithelium. The proliferation rate of isolated NTK and expression of c-MYC and p16INK4A were measured in the absence or presence of the inhibitor. Y-27632-treated NTK were used to generate tissue-engineered tonsil epithelium equivalents using de-epidermised dermis that were then incubated with Streptococcus pyogenes to model bacterial tonsillitis, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured by cytokine array and ELISA. NTK cultured in the absence of Y-27632 rapidly senesced whereas cells cultured in the presence of this inhibitor proliferated for over 30 population doublings without changing their phenotype. Y-27632-treated NTK produced a multi-layered differentiated epithelium that histologically resembled normal tonsillar surface epithelium and responded to S. pyogenes infection by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including CXCL5 and IL-6. NTK can be isolated and successfully cultured in vitro with Y-27632 leading to a markedly prolonged lifespan without any deleterious consequences to cell morphology. This functional tissue-engineered equivalent of tonsil epithelium will provide a valuable tool for studying tonsil biology and host-pathogen interactions in a more physiologically relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Grayson
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Vanessa Hearnden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Bolt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Ala Jebreel
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, UK
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24
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Raza A, Colley HE, Baggaley E, Sazanovich IV, Green NH, Weinstein JA, Botchway SW, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. Oxygen Mapping of Melanoma Spheroids using Small Molecule Platinum Probe and Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10743. [PMID: 28878302 PMCID: PMC5587740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours display varied oxygen levels and this characteristic can be exploited to develop new diagnostic tools to determine and exploit these variations. Oxygen is an efficient quencher of emission of many phosphorescent compounds, thus oxygen concentration could in many cases be derived directly from relative emission intensity and lifetime. In this study, we extend our previous work on phosphorescent, low molecular weight platinum(II) complex as an oxygen sensing probe to study the variation in oxygen concentration in a viable multicellular 3D human tumour model. The data shows one of the first examples of non-invasive, real-time oxygen mapping across a melanoma tumour spheroid using one-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) and a small molecule oxygen sensitive probe. These measurements were quantitative and enabled real time oxygen mapping with high spatial resolution. This combination presents as a valuable tool for optical detection of both physiological and pathological oxygen levels in a live tissue mass and we suggest has the potential for broader clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | | | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Research Complex at Harwell (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Nicola H Green
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Research Complex at Harwell (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - John W Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
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25
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Santocildes-Romero ME, Hadley L, Clitherow KH, Hansen J, Murdoch C, Colley HE, Thornhill MH, Hatton PV. Fabrication of Electrospun Mucoadhesive Membranes for Therapeutic Applications in Oral Medicine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:11557-11567. [PMID: 28299922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal lesions are related to several etiologies, including trauma, infection, and immunologic and neoplastic diseases. Their prevalence varies greatly depending on ethnicity, gender, and exposure to risk factors. Currently, most oral mucosal lesions are treated with creams, mouthwashes, or gels containing suitable drugs. However, topical medications may be relatively ineffective as they are removed rapidly from oral surfaces, limiting drug contact times. Systemic medications might be more effective but are associated with unacceptable off-target side effects. The aim of this study was to produce novel polymeric mucoadhesive membranes for therapeutic applications on the oral mucosa using electrospinning. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Eudragit RS100 (RS100) were used for the fabrication of membranes, whereas dextran (Dex) or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) particles were incorporated to enhance their mucoadhesive properties. An electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) backing layer (BL) was added to create a dual-layer system. Solution properties were studied using rheometry, and membranes were characterized using differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and adhesion properties were also investigated. The solution viscosity varied depending on the composition and concentration, affecting fiber production. The addition of RS100 to PVP resulted in reduced membrane porosity and solubility, and increased surface hydrophobicity and in vitro adhesion times. Dex and PEO particles were located on the surface of the fibers. A PCL BL was successfully produced, with enhanced attachment between layers achieved through thermal treatment. PVP homopolymer membranes did not adhere to plastic or porcine mucosa, whereas PVP/RS100 membranes with and without PEO or Dex were tightly adherent. In conclusion, PVP and RS100 may be combined to tailor membrane properties. Furthermore, electrospinning facilitated the production of membranes consisting of mucoadhesive-fabricated fibers displaying increased surface area and long-lasting adhesive properties. These novel compositions exhibit great potential for the fabrication of mucoadhesive patches for therapeutic applications in oral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Hadley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA Sheffield, U.K
| | - Katharina H Clitherow
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA Sheffield, U.K
| | - Jens Hansen
- Dermtreat ApS , Abildgaardsvej 174, 2830 Virum, Denmark
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA Sheffield, U.K
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA Sheffield, U.K
| | - Martin H Thornhill
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA Sheffield, U.K
- Dermtreat ApS , Abildgaardsvej 174, 2830 Virum, Denmark
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , 19 Claremont Crescent, S10 2TA Sheffield, U.K
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Jennings LR, Colley HE, Ong J, Panagakos F, Masters JG, Trivedi HM, Murdoch C, Whawell S. Development and Characterization of In Vitro Human Oral Mucosal Equivalents Derived from Immortalized Oral Keratinocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:1108-1117. [PMID: 27846777 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered oral mucosal equivalents (OME) are being increasingly used to measure toxicity, drug delivery, and to model oral diseases. Current OME mainly comprise normal oral keratinocytes (NOK) cultured on top of a normal oral fibroblasts-containing matrix. However, the commercial supply of NOK is limited, restricting widespread use of these mucosal models. In addition, NOK suffer from poor longevity and donor-to-donor variability. Therefore, we constructed, characterized, and tested the functionality of OME based on commercial TERT2-immortalized oral keratinocytes (FNB6) to produce a more readily available alternative to NOK-based OME. FNB6 OME cultured at an air-to-liquid interface for 14 days exhibited expression of differentiation markers cytokeratin 13 in the suprabasal layers and cytokeratin 14 in basal layer of the epithelium. Proliferating cells were restricted to the basal epithelium, and there was immuno-positive expression of E-cadherin confirming the presence of established cell-to-cell contacts. The histology and expression of these structural markers paralleled those observed in the normal oral mucosa and NOK-based models. On stimulation with TNFα and IL-1, FNB6 OME displayed a similar global gene expression profile to NOK-based OME, with increased expression of many common pro-inflammatory molecules such as chemokines (CXCL8), cytokines (IL-6), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) when analyzed by gene array and quantitative PCR. Similarly, pathway analysis showed that both FNB6 and NOK models initiated similar intracellular signaling on stimulation. Gene expression in FNB6 OME was more consistent than NOK-based OME that suffered from donor variation in response to stimuli. Mucosal equivalents based on immortalized FNB6 cells are accessible, reproducible and will provide an alternative animal experimental system for studying mucosal drug delivery systems, host-pathogen interactions, and drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Jennings
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Colley
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Ong
- 2 Colgate-Palmolive Company , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | - Craig Murdoch
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Whawell
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Mian SA, Yorucu C, Ullah MS, Rehman IU, Colley HE. Raman spectroscopy can discriminate between normal, dysplastic and cancerous oral mucosa: a tissue-engineering approach. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3253-3262. [PMID: 27860386 DOI: 10.1002/term.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma, the primary cause of HNC, evolves from normal epithelium through dysplasia before invading the connective tissue to form a carcinoma. However, less than 18% of suspicious oral lesions progress to cancer, with diagnosis currently relying on histopathological evaluation, which is invasive and time consuming. A non-invasive, real-time, point-of-care method could overcome these problems and facilitate regular screening. Raman spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical technique with the ability to extract molecular level information to help determine the functional groups present in a tissue and the molecular conformations of tissue constituents. In the present study, Raman spectroscopy was assessed for its ability to discriminate between normal, dysplastic and HNC. Tissue engineered models of normal, dysplastic and HNC were constructed using normal oral keratinocytes, dysplastic and HNC cell lines, and their biochemical content predicted by interpretation of spectral characteristics. Spectral differences were evident in both the fingerprint (600/cm to 1800/cm) and high wave-number compartments (2800/cm to 3400/cm). Visible differences were seen in peaks relating to lipid content (2881/cm), protein structure (amide I, amide III), several amino acids and nucleic acids (600/cm to 1003/cm). Multivariate data analysis algorithms successfully identified subtypes of dysplasia and cancer, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy not only has the potential to differentiate between normal, pre-malignant and cancerous tissue models but could also be sensitive enough to detect subtypes of dysplasia or cancer on the basis of their subcellular differences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman A Mian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ceyla Yorucu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Muhammad Saad Ullah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ihtesham U Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Gaskell H, Sharma P, Colley HE, Murdoch C, Williams DP, Webb SD. Characterization of a functional C3A liver spheroid model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1053-1065. [PMID: 27746894 PMCID: PMC5047049 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More predictive in vitro liver models are a critical requirement for preclinical screening of compounds demonstrating hepatotoxic liability. 3D liver spheroids have been shown to have an enhanced functional lifespan compared to 2D monocultures; however a detailed characterisation of spatiotemporal function and structure of spheroids still needs further attention before widespread use in industry. We have developed and characterized the structure and function of a 3D liver spheroid model formed from C3A hepatoma cells. Spheroids were viable and maintained a compact in vivo-like structure with zonation features for up to 32 days. MRP2 and Pgp transporters had polarised expression on the canalicular membrane of cells in the spheroids and were able to functionally transport CMFDA substrate into these canalicular structures. Spheroids expressed CYP2E1 and were able to synthesise and secrete albumin and urea to a higher degree than monolayer C3A cultures. Penetration of doxorubicin throughout the spheroid core was demonstrated. Spheroids showed increased susceptibility to hepatotoxins when compared to 2D cultures, with acetaminophen having an IC50 of 7.2 mM in spheroids compared to 33.8 mM in monolayer culture. To conclude, we developed an alternative method for creating C3A liver spheroids and demonstrated cellular polarisation and zonation, as well as superior liver-specific functionality and more sensitive toxicological response compared to standard 2D liver models, confirming a more in vivo-like liver model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Gaskell
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science , Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , Sherrington Building , Ashton Street and University of Liverpool , L69 3GE , UK . ; AstraZeneca , 310 , Cambridge Science Park , Milton Road , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , CB4 0FZ , UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science , Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , Sherrington Building , Ashton Street and University of Liverpool , L69 3GE , UK .
| | - Helen E Colley
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology , School of Clinical Dentistry , Claremont Crescent and University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S10 2TA , UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology , School of Clinical Dentistry , Claremont Crescent and University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S10 2TA , UK
| | - Dominic P Williams
- AstraZeneca , 310 , Cambridge Science Park , Milton Road , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , CB4 0FZ , UK
| | - Steven D Webb
- Department of Mathematical Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , James Parsons Building , Byrom Street , Liverpool , L3 3AF , UK
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Colley HE, Muthana M, Danson SJ, Jackson LV, Brett ML, Harrison J, Coole SF, Mason DP, Jennings LR, Wong M, Tulasi V, Norman D, Lockey PM, Williams L, Dossetter AG, Griffen EJ, Thompson MJ. An Orally Bioavailable, Indole-3-glyoxylamide Based Series of Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors Showing Tumor Growth Inhibition in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Head and Neck Cancer. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9309-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Colley
- School
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Department
of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech
Hill Road, Sheffield S10
2RX, U.K
| | - Sarah J. Danson
- Academic
Unit of Clinical Oncology and Sheffield Experimental Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2SJ, U.K
| | - Lucinda V. Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Matthew L. Brett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Joanne Harrison
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Sean F. Coole
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Daniel P. Mason
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Luke R. Jennings
- School
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, U.K
| | - Melanie Wong
- Charles River, 8−9 Spire
Green Centre, Harlow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | - Vamshi Tulasi
- Charles River, 8−9 Spire
Green Centre, Harlow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | - Dennis Norman
- Charles River, 8−9 Spire
Green Centre, Harlow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | - Peter M. Lockey
- Charles River, 8−9 Spire
Green Centre, Harlow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K
| | - Lynne Williams
- Department
of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech
Hill Road, Sheffield S10
2RX, U.K
| | - Alexander G. Dossetter
- MedChemica Limited, Ebenezer House,
Ryecroft, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 2BE, U.K
| | - Edward J. Griffen
- MedChemica Limited, Ebenezer House,
Ryecroft, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 2BE, U.K
| | - Mark J. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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Colley HE, Hearnden V, Avila-Olias M, Cecchin D, Canton I, Madsen J, MacNeil S, Warren N, Hu K, McKeating JA, Armes SP, Murdoch C, Thornhill MH, Battaglia G. Polymersome-Mediated Delivery of Combination Anticancer Therapy to Head and Neck Cancer Cells: 2D and 3D in Vitro Evaluation. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1176-88. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400610b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Vanessa Hearnden
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Milagros Avila-Olias
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- The Centre for Membrane
Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Denis Cecchin
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- The MRC/UCL Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Irene Canton
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Nicholas Warren
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Ke Hu
- Institute for Biomedical
Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Institute for Biomedical
Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Martin H. Thornhill
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- The MRC/UCL Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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Sorrell I, Shipley RJ, Hearnden V, Colley HE, Thornhill MH, Murdoch C, Webb SD. Combined mathematical modelling and experimentation to predict polymersome uptake by oral cancer cells. Nanomedicine 2013; 10:339-48. [PMID: 24036098 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study is motivated by understanding and controlling the key physical properties underlying internalisation of nano drug delivery. We consider the internalisation of specific nanometre size delivery vehicles, comprised of self-assembling amphiphilic block copolymers, called polymersomes that have the potential to specifically deliver anticancer therapeutics to tumour cells. The possible benefits of targeted polymersome drug delivery include reduced off-target toxic effects in healthy tissue and increased drug uptake by diseased tissue. Through a combination of in vitro experimentation and mathematical modelling, we develop a validated model of nanoparticle uptake by cells via the clathrin-mediated endocytotic pathway, incorporating receptor binding, clustering and recycling. The model predicts how the characteristics of receptor targeting, and the size and concentration of polymersomes alter uptake by tumour cells. The number of receptors per cell was identified as being the dominant mechanism accounting for the difference between cell types in polymersome uptake rate. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This article reports on a validated model developed through a combination of in vitro experimentation and mathematical modeling of nanoparticle uptake by cells via the clathrin-mediated endocytotic pathway. The model incorporates receptor binding, clustering, and recycling and predicts how the characteristics of receptor targeting, the size and concentration alter polymersome uptake by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sorrell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca J Shipley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Hearnden
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin H Thornhill
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven D Webb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Oral mucositis is a severe and often dose-limiting side-effect of cancer therapy that occurs in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Although radiation-induced effects on keratinocytes have been studied, little is known about its effect on fibroblasts or endothelial cells or, more importantly, when all these cells are combined in an engineered oral mucosal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monolayer cultures of normal oral keratinocytes, normal oral fibroblasts, human dermal microvascular endothelial cells or tissue-engineered oral mucosa (TEOM) were exposed to 20 Gy irradiation. Cell damage and cytokine release was measured for 72 h for monolayer cultures and for up to 21 d for TEOM. RESULTS Compared to non-irradiated cells, the viability of all monolayer and co-cultures was significantly reduced 72 h post-irradiation while levels of secreted interleukin IL-6 and CXCL8 were increased. The viability of irradiated TEOM models was significantly reduced compared to controls at all time-points. Histologically, irradiated TEOM displayed thinner epithelium, increased apoptosis and more extensive damage than non-irradiated models. IL-6, CXCL8 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor release was reduced whereas IL-1α levels were increased in irradiated TEOM models compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS TEOM models comprising of mixed cell populations may prove useful in examining the pathobiology of radiation-induced mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Colley
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
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Pal A, Melling G, Hinsley EE, Kabir TD, Colley HE, Murdoch C, Lambert DW. Cigarette smoke condensate promotes pro-tumourigenic stromal-epithelial interactions by suppressing miR-145. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:309-14. [PMID: 23173553 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to factors released from tobacco during chewing or smoking is recognized as a major risk factor for oral carcinogenesis and influences the phenotype of oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts within the underlying stroma. Micro(mi)RNA can regulate the expression of genes within cells, and previous studies show that tobacco products can alter the miRNA profiles in lung epithelial cells. However, the molecular alterations occurring in oral fibroblasts exposed to tobacco constituents remain to be elucidated. METHODS Oral fibroblasts were exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and miRNA expression compared to untreated controls using tiling low-density arrays (TLDA). Expression of miRNA-145 was confirmed by quantitative (q)RT-PCR. The effect of CSC on fibroblast cell viability, motility and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression was measured using MTS, a wound scratch assay and qRT-PCR, respectively. Oral cancer cell migration in response to culture supernatants from mock, control or pre-miR-145-transfected CSC-treated fibroblasts was analysed by chemotaxis assay. RESULTS TLDA analysis identified widespread changes in the miRNA expression profile of fibroblasts exposed to CSC. Pri-, pre- and mature miRNA-145 were significantly down-regulated in response to CSC, and this was accompanied by up-regulated expression of MMP-2 and increased migration of fibroblasts compared to untreated controls. Re-expression of miR-145 abrogated the ability of fibroblasts to promote oral cancer cell chemotaxis in response to CSC. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that tobacco constituents influence the expression of miRNA within oral fibroblasts promoting a phenotype that increases oral cancer migration and sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying oral cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pal
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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Sorrell I, Webb SD, Shipley RJ, Hearnden VL, Colley HE, Murdoch C. Abstract 4918: Modeling polymersome delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polymersomes are synthetic nano-spheres that have the potential to specifically deliver anticancer therapeutics to tumor cells. They are an ideal delivery vector because of their nanometer size, structural architecture, stealth characteristics and the ability to attach tumor-specific ligands to their outer surface. The possible benefits of targeted polymersome drug delivery include reduced off-target toxic effects in healthy tissue and increased drug uptake by diseased tissue. In this study, in vitro experimentation is used to validate a mathematical description of polymersome-mediated therapy. Mathematical predictions are given for how the properties of polymersomes (size, membrane properties) and drug load affects rates of polymersome internalisation by tumor cells and therefore treatment efficacy. This allows for an optimisation of treatment design prior to clinical development. A key focus is polymersome-drug delivery via the clathrin-mediated endocytotic pathway. We include in our theoretical description specific details of this process (including specific binding ligands, receptor clustering, ligand tether length) and show how the characteristics of receptor targeting, number of ligands per polymersome, and polymersome concentration alters its uptake by tumor cells. The theoretical model is validated against in vitro studies using polymersome drug delivery to cell monolayers derived from different tumors. Next we describe how to scale-up the model to a tissue representation of the tumor mass. In this description the concentration of solutes (including oxygen and polymersomes) are tracked throughout the tumor using computational models based on realistic tumor vascular network structures with associated blood flow that have been constructed from confocal microscopic observations of a xenograft sub-cutaneously implanted tumor. Our results quantify the dependence of polymersome uptake rate and tumor distribution on polymersome properties and dosage. This multiscale approach identifies the key polymersome properties that influence treatment outcome and enables the treatment regime to be designed specifically in response to these features.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4918. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4918
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sorrell
- 1University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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