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Curcumin-Mediated Sono-Photodynamic Treatment Inactivates Listeria monocytogenes via ROS-Induced Physical Disruption and Oxidative Damage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060808. [PMID: 35327232 PMCID: PMC8947418 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sono-photodynamic sterilization technology (SPDT) has become a promising non-thermal food sterilization technique because of its high penetrating power and outstanding microbicidal effects. In this study, Listeria monocytogenes (LMO) was effectively inactivated using curcumin as the sono-photosensitizer activated by ultrasound and blue LED light. The SPDT treatment at optimized conditions yielded a 4-log reduction in LMO CFU. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LMO upon SPDT treatment was subsequently investigated. The results demonstrated SPDT treatment-induced excessive ROS generation led to bacterial cell deformation and membrane rupture, as revealed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cytoplasmic material leakage. Moreover, agarose gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE further revealed that SPDT also triggered bacterial genomic DNA cleavage and protein degradation in LMO, thus inducing bacterial apoptosis-like events, such as membrane depolarization.
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52
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Ahmed HA, El Bayomi RM, Hamed RI, Mohsen RA, El-Gohary FA, Hefny AA, Elkhawaga E, Tolba HMN. Genetic Relatedness, Antibiotic Resistance, and Effect of Silver Nanoparticle on Biofilm Formation by Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Chickens, Pigeons, Camels, and Human Consumers. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030109. [PMID: 35324837 PMCID: PMC8949260 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the prevalence and toxin types of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium perfringens in chicken, pigeons, camels, and humans. We investigated the inhibitory effects of AgNPs on biofilm formation ability of the isolates and the genetic relatedness of the isolates from various sources determined using RAPD-PCR. Fifty isolates were identified using PCR, and all the isolates were of type A. The cpe and cpb2 genes were detected in 12% and 56% of the isolates, respectively. The effect of AgNPs on biofilm production of six representative isolates indicated that at the highest concentration of AgNPs (100 µg/mL), the inhibition percentages were 80.8–82.8%. The RAPD-PCR patterns of the 50 C. perfringens isolates from various sources revealed 33 profiles and four clusters, and the discriminatory power of RAPD-PCR was high. Multidrug-resistant C. perfringens isolates are predominant in the study area. The inhibition of biofilm formation by C. perfringens isolates was dose-dependent, and RAPD-PCR is a promising method for studying the genetic relatedness between the isolates from various sources. This is the first report of AgNPs’ anti-biofilm activity against C. perfringens from chickens, pigeons, camels, and humans, to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Rasha M. El Bayomi
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Rehab I. Hamed
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44516, Egypt;
| | - Rasha A. Mohsen
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura 12618, Egypt;
| | - Fatma A. El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Hefny
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Eman Elkhawaga
- Department of Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansoura 12618, Egypt;
| | - Hala M. N. Tolba
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
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Marmion M, Macori G, Ferone M, Whyte P, Scannell A. Survive and thrive: Control mechanisms that facilitate bacterial adaptation to survive manufacturing-related stress. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 368:109612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Urbonavicius M, Varnagiris S, Tuckute S, Sakalauskaite S, Demikyte E, Lelis M. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bacteria, Bacteriophages, and Their Mixtures Using ZnO-Coated HDPE Beads as Floating Photocatalyst. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041318. [PMID: 35207858 PMCID: PMC8879144 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor materials used as photocatalysts are considered among the most effective ways to treat biologically polluted water. Certainly, efficiency depends on the selection of photocatalyst and its substrate, as well as the possibility of its application in a broader spectrum of light. In this study, a reactive magnetron sputtering technique was applied for the immobilisation of ZnO photocatalyst on the surface of HDPE beads, which were selected as the buoyant substrates for enhanced photocatalytic performance and easier recovery from the treated water. Moreover, the study compared the effect on the inactivation of the microorganism between ZnO-coated HDPE beads without Ni and with Ni underlayer. Crystal structure, surface morphology, and chemical bonds of as-deposited ZnO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Visible-light-induced photocatalytic treatment was performed on the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and bacteriophages PRD1, T4, and their mixture. Higher bacteria inactivation efficiency was obtained using the ZnO photocatalyst with Ni underlayer for the treatment of S. Typhimurium and M. Luteus mixtures. As for infectivity of bacteriophages, T4 alone and in the mixture with PRD1 were more affected by the produced photocatalyst, compared with PRD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Urbonavicius
- Center for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Lithuanian Energy Institute, 3 Breslaujos, 44403 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.V.); (S.T.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-37-401-824
| | - Sarunas Varnagiris
- Center for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Lithuanian Energy Institute, 3 Breslaujos, 44403 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.V.); (S.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Simona Tuckute
- Center for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Lithuanian Energy Institute, 3 Breslaujos, 44403 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.V.); (S.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Sandra Sakalauskaite
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, 44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Emilija Demikyte
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, 44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Martynas Lelis
- Center for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Lithuanian Energy Institute, 3 Breslaujos, 44403 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.V.); (S.T.); (M.L.)
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55
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Luo A, Wang F, Sun D, Liu X, Xin B. Formation, Development, and Cross-Species Interactions in Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:757327. [PMID: 35058893 PMCID: PMC8764401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, which are essential vectors of bacterial survival, protect microbes from antibiotics and host immune attack and are one of the leading causes that maintain drug-resistant chronic infections. In nature, compared with monomicrobial biofilms, polymicrobial biofilms composed of multispecies bacteria predominate, which means that it is significant to explore the interactions between microorganisms from different kingdoms, species, and strains. Cross-microbial interactions exist during biofilm development, either synergistically or antagonistically. Although research into cross-species biofilms remains at an early stage, in this review, the important mechanisms that are involved in biofilm formation are delineated. Then, recent studies that investigated cross-species cooperation or synergy, competition or antagonism in biofilms, and various components that mediate those interactions will be elaborated. To determine approaches that minimize the harmful effects of biofilms, it is important to understand the interactions between microbial species. The knowledge gained from these investigations has the potential to guide studies into microbial sociality in natural settings and to help in the design of new medicines and therapies to treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Degang Sun
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueyu Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingchang Xin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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56
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Bacterial communication in the regulation of stress response in Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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57
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TABAN BMERCANOGLU, STAVROPOULOU E, WINKELSTRÖTER LKRETLI, BEZIRTZOGLOU E. Value-added effects of using aromatic plants in foods and human therapy. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.43121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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58
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Zanetti F, Zivkovic Semren T, Battey JND, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, van der Plas A, Hoeng J. A Literature Review and Framework Proposal for Halitosis Assessment in Cigarette Smokers and Alternative Nicotine-Delivery Products Users. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:777442. [PMID: 35048075 PMCID: PMC8757736 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.777442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a health condition which counts cigarette smoking (CS) among its major risk factors. Cigarette smoke can cause an imbalance in the oral bacterial community, leading to several oral diseases and conditions, including intraoral halitosis. Although the best approach to decrease smoking-related health risks is quitting smoking, this is not feasible for many smokers. Switching to potentially reduced-risk products, like electronic vapor products (EVP) or heated tobacco products (HTP), may help improve the conditions associated with CS. To date, there have been few systematic studies on the effects of CS on halitosis and none have assessed the effects of EVP and HTP use. Self-assessment studies have shown large limitations owing to the lack of reliability in the participants' judgment. This has compelled the scientific community to develop a strategy for meaningful assessment of these new products in comparison with cigarettes. Here, we compiled a review of the existing literature on CS and halitosis and propose a 3-layer approach that combines the use of the most advanced breath analysis techniques and multi-omics analysis to define the interactions between oral bacterial species and their role in halitosis both in vitro and in vivo. Such an approach will allow us to compare the effects of different nicotine-delivery products on oral bacteria and quantify their impact on halitosis. Defining the impact of alternative nicotine-delivery products on intraoral halitosis and its associated bacteria will help the scientific community advance a step further toward understanding the safety of these products and their potentiall risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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59
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Massazza D, Robledo AJ, Rodriguez Simón CN, Busalmen JP, Bonanni S. Energetics, electron uptake mechanisms and limitations of electroautotrophs growing on biocathodes - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125893. [PMID: 34537530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electroautotrophs are microorganisms that can take the electrons needed for energy generation, CO2 fixation and other metabolic reactions from a polarized electrode. They have been the focus of intense research for its application in wastewater treatment, bioelectrosynthetic processes and hydrogen generation. As a general trend, current densities produced by the electron uptake of these microorganisms are low, limiting their applicability at large scale. In this work, the electron uptake mechanisms that may operate in electroautotrophs are reviewed, aiming at finding possible causes for this low performance. Biomass yields, growth rates and electron uptake rates observed when these microorganisms use chemical electron donors are compared with those typically obtained with electrodes, to explore limitations and advantages inherent to the electroautotrophic metabolism. Also, the factors affecting biofilm development are analysed to show how interfacial interactions condition bacterial adhesion, biofilm growth and electrons uptake. Finally, possible strategies to overcome these limitations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Massazza
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bioprocesos, INTEMA (Conicet, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Javier Robledo
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bioprocesos, INTEMA (Conicet, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Carlos Norberto Rodriguez Simón
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bioprocesos, INTEMA (Conicet, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Busalmen
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bioprocesos, INTEMA (Conicet, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Bonanni
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bioprocesos, INTEMA (Conicet, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina.
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60
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Strantzali D, Kostoglou D, Perikleous A, Zestas M, Ornithopoulou S, Dubois-Brissonnet F, Giaouris E. Comparative assessment of the disinfection effectiveness of thymol and benzalkonium chloride against adapted and non-adapted to thymol biofilm cells of a Salmonella Typhimurium epidemic phage type DT193 strain. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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61
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Divyashree S, Anjali PG, Somashekaraiah R, Sreenivasa MY. Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus casei - MYSRD 108 and Lactobacillus plantarum-MYSRD 71 with potential antimicrobial activity against Salmonella paratyphi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 32:e00672. [PMID: 34540599 PMCID: PMC8435700 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the anti-salmonella activity by cell free supernatant of potential probiotics strains. Lactobacillus casei MYSRD 108 and Lactobacillus plantarum MYSRD 71 strains exhibited strong survival and antagonistic activities for probiotic application in the gastrointestinal tract against S. paratyphi biofilm. The CFS were characterized by various constraints and represented antagonistic activity against Salmonella due to the presence of organic acids that lowered the pH. The strains may be used to produce antimicrobial compounds which can be a substitute for chemical preservatives in food industry.
A total of 130 isolates were screened, twelve isolates were characterized for probiotic attributes and two isolates with best probiotic features were evaluated in the study. Isolates MYSRD108 and MYSRD71 survived gastric conditions and were susceptible to tested antibiotics. Isolates showed more vital cell surface traits such as autoaggregation of 89.2 and 88.5% and cell surface hydrophobicity of 61 and 64%. PCR amplification followed by 16sRNA sequencing results confirmed that the isolates as Lactobacillus casei (MYSRD 108) and Lactobacillus plantarum (MYSRD 71). During this study, the Cells and their Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) were examined for antimicrobial activity. Both the isolates inhibited different bacterial pathogens in which the growth of S. paratyphi was significantly reduced. Further, their CFS also showed inhibitory effects against S. paratyphi with agar well diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration using Broth micro dilution method. The antimicrobial compounds in the CFS was characterized to different constraints such as pH neutralization, heat treatment, Hydrogen peroxide test and storage stability at -20> °C and represented that the antagonistic acitivity against Salmonella is due to the presence of organic acids in the supernatants that lowered the pH. These strains were further examined for the inhibition of S. paratyphi biofilm. The results indicated that CFS reduced S. paratyphi biofilm by more than 75% and the number of Salmonella biofilm was effectively reduced using 15% concentration of CFS. These strains may be used to produce antimicrobial compounds which can be a substitute for chemical preservatives in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Divyashree
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - P G Anjali
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Somashekaraiah
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Y Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from dairy products: Relationship of ica-dependent/independent and components of biofilms produced in vitro. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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63
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Removal of Mixed-Species Biofilms Developed on Food Contact Surfaces with a Mixture of Enzymes and Chemical Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080931. [PMID: 34438981 PMCID: PMC8388944 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanicip Bio Control (SBC) is a novel product developed in Mexico for biofilms’ removal. The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the removal of mixed-species biofilms by enzymatic (protease and α-amylase, 180 MWU/g) and chemical treatments (30 mL/L SBC, and 200 mg/L peracetic acid, PAA) and (ii) their effectiveness against planktonic cells. Mixed-species biofilms were developed on stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene B (PP) in whole milk (WM), tryptic soy broth (TSB) with meat extract (TSB+ME), and TSB with chicken egg yolk (TSB+EY) to simulate the food processing environment. On SS, all biofilms were removed after treatments, except the enzymatic treatment that only reduced 1–2 log10 CFU/cm2, whereas on PP, the reductions ranged between 0.59 and 5.21 log10 CFU/cm2, being the biofilms developed in TSB+EY being resistant to the cleaning and disinfecting process. Higher reductions in microbial load on PP were reached using enzymes, SBC, and PAA. The employed planktonic cells were markedly more sensitive to PAA and SBC than were the sessile cells. In conclusion, biofilm removal from SS can be achieved with SBC, enzymes, or PAA. It is important to note that the biofilm removal was strongly affected by the food contact surfaces (FCSs) and surrounding media.
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Bourdichon F, Arias E, Babuchowski A, Bückle A, Bello FD, Dubois A, Fontana A, Fritz D, Kemperman R, Laulund S, McAuliffe O, Miks MH, Papademas P, Patrone V, Sharma DK, Sliwinski E, Stanton C, Von Ah U, Yao S, Morelli L. The forgotten role of food cultures. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:fnab085. [PMID: 34223876 PMCID: PMC8397475 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is one of if not the oldest food processing technique, yet it is still an emerging field when it comes to its numerous mechanisms of action and potential applications. The effect of microbial activity on the taste, bioavailability and preservation of the nutrients and the different food matrices has been deciphered by the insights of molecular microbiology. Among those roles of fermentation in the food chain, biopreservation remains the one most debated. Presumably because it has been underestimated for quite a while, and only considered - based on a food safety and technological approach - from the toxicological and chemical perspective. Biopreservation is not considered as a traditional use, where it has been by design - but forgotten - as the initial goal of fermentation. The 'modern' use of biopreservation is also slightly different from the traditional use, due mainly to changes in cooling of food and other ways of preservation, Extending shelf life is considered to be one of the properties of food additives, classifying - from our perspective - biopreservation wrongly and forgetting the role of fermentation and food cultures. The present review will summarize the current approaches of fermentation as a way to preserve and protect the food, considering the different way in which food cultures and this application could help tackle food waste as an additional control measure to ensure the safety of the food.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bourdichon
- Food Safety, Microbiology, Hygiene, 16 Rue Gaston de Caillavet, 75015 Paris, France
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Arias
- AGROSCOPE, Food Microbial Systems, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Bückle
- Milchprüfring Baden-Württemberg e.V., Marie-Curie-Straße 19, 73230 Kirchheim, u.T., Germany
| | | | - Aurélie Dubois
- International Dairy Federationiry Federation, 70 Boulevard Auguste Reyers, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Fontana
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
| | - Duresa Fritz
- International Flavors and Fragrances, 20 rue Brunel, Paris 75017, France
| | - Rober Kemperman
- Lesaffre International, 152 rue du Docteur Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Svend Laulund
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Agern Allé 24, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
| | | | - Marta Hanna Miks
- Glycom A/S, Kogle Allé 4, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Faculty of Food Science, Food Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszynski 1, 10–726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Photis Papademas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Archiepiskopou Kyprianou, PO BOX 50329, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vania Patrone
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Edward Sliwinski
- The European Federation of Food Science & Technology, Nieuwe Kanaal 9a, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ueli Von Ah
- AGROSCOPE, Food Microbial Systems, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Su Yao
- China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries, China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, Building 6, No.24, Jiuxianqiaozhong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Facoltà di Scienze agrarie, alimentarie ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza-Cremona, Italy
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65
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Karki AB, Ballard K, Harper C, Sheaff RJ, Fakhr MK. Staphylococcus aureus enhances biofilm formation, aerotolerance, and survival of Campylobacter strains isolated from retail meats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13837. [PMID: 34226590 PMCID: PMC8257638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In retail meat products, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus have been reported in high prevalence. The polymicrobial interaction between Campylobacter and other bacteria could enhance Campylobacter survival during the adverse conditions encountered during retail meat processing and storage. This study was designed to investigate the potential role of S. aureus from retail meats in enhancing the survival of Campylobacter exposed to low temperature, aerobic conditions, and biofilm formation. Results indicated that viable S. aureus cells and filter-sterilized cell-free media obtained from S. aureus prolonged the survival of Campylobacter at low temperature and during aerobic conditions. Biofilm formation of Campylobacter strains was significantly enhanced in the presence of viable S. aureus cells, but the results were inconclusive when extracts from cell-free media were used. In conclusion, the presence of S. aureus cells enhances survivability of Campylobacter strains in adverse conditions such as low temperature and aerobic conditions. Further investigations are warranted to understand the interaction between Campylobacter and S. aureus, and effective intervention strategies are needed to reduce the incidence of both foodborne pathogens in retail meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand B. Karki
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Kaylee Ballard
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Claudia Harper
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Robert J. Sheaff
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Mohamed K. Fakhr
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
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Nwoko ESQA, Okeke IN. Bacteria autoaggregation: how and why bacteria stick together. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1147-1157. [PMID: 34110370 PMCID: PMC8286834 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoaggregation, adherence between identical bacterial cells, is important for colonization, kin and kind recognition, and survival of bacteria. It is directly mediated by specific interactions between proteins or organelles on the surfaces of interacting cells or indirectly by the presence of secreted macromolecules such as eDNA and exopolysaccharides. Some autoaggregation effectors are self-associating and present interesting paradigms for protein interaction. Autoaggregation can be beneficial or deleterious at specific times and niches. It is, therefore, typically regulated through transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms or epigenetically by phase variation. Autoaggregation can contribute to bacterial adherence, biofilm formation or other higher-level functions. However, autoaggregation is only required for these phenotypes in some bacteria. Thus, autoaggregation should be detected, studied and measured independently using both qualitative and quantitative in vitro and ex vivo methods. If better understood, autoaggregation holds the potential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets that could be cost-effectively exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-shama Q. A. Nwoko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Iruka N. Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Xia Y, Wang J, Fang X, Dou T, Han L, Yang C. Combined analysis of metagenomic data revealed consistent changes of gut microbiome structure and function in inflammatory bowel disease. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:3018-3031. [PMID: 34008889 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To reveal the consistency and discrepancy in the gut microbial structure and function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients from different regions. METHODS AND RESULTS Gut microbes, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors genes (VFGs) were analysed using metagenome data from three cohorts. The abundance of Escherichia coli extensively increased in IBD patients, whereas Subdoligranulum unclassified decreased dramatically in IBD patients from three countries. Escherichia coli showed a positive correlation with multiple ARGs and VFGs in cohorts from China and the United States, including multidrug-related resistance genes and Capsule and LOS-related virulence factors genes. Escherichia coli biofilm synthesis pathways significantly enriched in IBD patients from three different regions. Notably, Subdoligranulum unclassified and Eubacterium hallii were negatively related to ARGs and VFGs. CONCLUSIONS Consistent changes of microbiome structure and function were observed in IBD patients from three different regions. As pathogenic bacteria, E. coli may accelerate IBD progression through encapsulation in biofilms by upregulating antibiotic resistance in Crohn's disease patients. Subdoligranulum unclassified and E. hallii may be beneficial for IBD patients and could serve as potential probiotics for IBD treatment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work dispels worries about the regional differences in gut microbial changes in IBD patients and provides useful guidance for more rational microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - J Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.,Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Dou
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - L Han
- Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
| | - C Yang
- Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
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68
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Minkiewicz-Zochniak A, Jarzynka S, Iwańska A, Strom K, Iwańczyk B, Bartel M, Mazur M, Pietruczuk-Padzik A, Konieczna M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Olędzka G. Biofilm Formation on Dental Implant Biomaterials by Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2030. [PMID: 33920743 PMCID: PMC8073800 DOI: 10.3390/ma14082030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Implants made of ceramic and metallic elements, which are used in dentistry, may either promote or hinder the colonization and adhesion of bacteria to the surface of the biomaterial to varying degrees. The increased interest in the use of dental implants, especially in patients with chronic systemic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), is caused by an increase in disease complications. In this study, we evaluated the differences in the in vitro biofilm formation on the surface of biomaterials commonly used in dentistry (Ti-6Al-4V, cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCr), and zirconia) by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with CF. We demonstrated that S. aureus adherence and growth depends on the type of material used and its surface topography. Weaker bacterial biofilm formation was observed on zirconia surfaces compared to titanium and cobalt-chromium alloy surfaces. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy showed clear differences in bacterial aggregation, depending on the type of biomaterial used. Over the past several decades, S. aureus strains have developed several mechanisms of resistance, especially in patients on chronic antibiotic treatment such as CF. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate implant biomaterial with limited microorganism adhesion characteristics can affect the occurrence and progression of oral cavity infections, particularly in patients with chronic systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minkiewicz-Zochniak
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Sylwia Jarzynka
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Iwańska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.I.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Kamila Strom
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Iwańczyk
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Bartel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maciej Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Pietruczuk-Padzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Konieczna
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.I.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Gabriela Olędzka
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
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Recent Advances in Biomedical, Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Applications of Microbial Surfactants. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040466. [PMID: 33808361 PMCID: PMC8067001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens typically existing in biofilm formation and the recent COVID-19 pandemic, although unrelated phenomena, have demonstrated the urgent need for methods to combat such increasing threats. New avenues of research for natural molecules with desirable properties to alleviate this situation have, therefore, been expanding. Biosurfactants comprise a group of unique and varied amphiphilic molecules of microbial origin capable of interacting with lipidic membranes/components of microorganisms and altering their physicochemical properties. These features have encouraged closer investigations of these microbial metabolites as new pharmaceutics with potential applications in clinical, hygiene and therapeutic fields. Mounting evidence has indicated that biosurfactants have antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antiviral, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities that are exploitable in new anticancer treatments and wound healing applications. Some biosurfactants have already been approved for use in clinical, food and environmental fields, while others are currently under investigation and development as antimicrobials or adjuvants to antibiotics for microbial suppression and biofilm eradication strategies. Moreover, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, biosurfactants are now being explored as an alternative to current products or procedures for effective cleaning and handwash formulations, antiviral plastic and fabric surface coating agents for shields and masks. In addition, biosurfactants have shown promise as drug delivery systems and in the medicinal relief of symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Hascoët AS, Ripolles-Avila C, Cervantes-Huamán BRH, Rodríguez-Jerez JJ. In Vitro Preformed Biofilms of Bacillus safensis Inhibit the Adhesion and Subsequent Development of Listeria monocytogenes on Stainless-Steel Surfaces. Biomolecules 2021; 11:475. [PMID: 33810177 PMCID: PMC8004596 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes continues to be one of the most important public health challenges for the meat sector. Many attempts have been made to establish the most efficient cleaning and disinfection protocols, but there is still the need for the sector to develop plans with different lines of action. In this regard, an interesting strategy could be based on the control of this type of foodborne pathogen through the resident microbiota naturally established on the surfaces. A potential inhibitor, Bacillus safensis, was found in a previous study that screened the interaction between the resident microbiota and L. monocytogenes in an Iberian pig processing plant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of preformed biofilms of Bacillus safensis on the adhesion and implantation of 22 strains of L. monocytogenes. Mature preformed B. safensis biofilms can inhibit adhesion and the biofilm formation of multiple L. monocytogenes strains, eliminating the pathogen by a currently unidentified mechanism. Due to the non-enterotoxigenic properties of B. safensis, its presence on certain meat industry surfaces should be favored and it could represent a new way to fight against the persistence of L. monocytogenes in accordance with other bacterial inhibitors and hygiene operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
- Human Nutrition and Food Science Area, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici V-Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain; (A.-S.H.); (C.R.-A.); (B.R.H.C.-H.)
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71
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Eskova AI, Yakovlev AA, Kim AV. Modeling of Interspecific Interaction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes in a Mixed-Species Biofilms with Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Waters of the Sea of Japan. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:471-474. [PMID: 33713229 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the possibility of formation of mixed-species biofilms by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes with marine saprotrophic bacteria Flavobacterium sp. and Micrococcus luteus isolated from the coastal waters of the Sea of Japan in summer. Model experiments showed that Flavobacterium sp. and Micrococcus luteus can form both single- and mixed-species biofilms with the specified pathogenic bacteria thus stimulating their growth. This can contribute to the preservation of the pathogens in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Eskova
- G. P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, Russia. .,Far-Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - A A Yakovlev
- G. P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - A V Kim
- Far-Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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Kostoglou D, Tsaklidou P, Iliadis I, Garoufallidou N, Skarmoutsou G, Koulouris I, Giaouris E. Advanced Killing Potential of Thymol against a Time and Temperature Optimized Attached Listeria monocytogenes Population in Lettuce Broth. Biomolecules 2021; 11:397. [PMID: 33800308 PMCID: PMC7998208 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh vegetables and salads are increasingly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne infections, such as those caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a dangerous pathogen that can attach to the surfaces of the equipment creating robust biofilms withstanding the killing action of disinfectants. In this study, the antimicrobial efficiency of a natural plant terpenoid (thymol) was evaluated against a sessile population of a multi-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail developed on stainless steel surfaces incubated in lettuce broth, under optimized time and temperature conditions (54 h at 30.6 °C) as those were determined following response surface modeling, and in comparison, to that of an industrial disinfectant (benzalkonium chloride). Prior to disinfection, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of each compound were determined against the planktonic cells of each strain. The results revealed the advanced killing potential of thymol, with a concentration of 625 ppm (= 4 × MBC) leading to almost undetectable viable bacteria (more than 4 logs reduction following a 15-min exposure). For the same degree of killing, benzalkonium chloride needed to be used at a concentration of at least 20 times more than its MBC (70 ppm). Discriminative repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) also highlighted the strain variability in both biofilm formation and resistance. In sum, thymol was found to present an effective anti-listeria action under environmental conditions mimicking those encountered in the salad industry and deserves to be further explored to improve the safety of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (D.K.); (P.T.); (I.I.); (N.G.); (G.S.); (I.K.)
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73
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El Kadri H, Costello KM, Thomas P, Wantock T, Sandison G, Harle T, Fabris AL, Gutierrez-Merino J, Velliou EG. The antimicrobial efficacy of remote cold atmospheric plasma effluent against single and mixed bacterial biofilms of varying age. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110126. [PMID: 33641993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a minimal food processing technology of increasing interest in the food industry, as it is mild in nature compared to traditional methods (e.g. pasteurisation) and thus can maintain the food's desirable qualities. However, due to this mild nature, the potential exists for post-treatment microbial survival and/or stress adaptation. Furthermore, biofilm inactivation by CAP is underexplored and mostly studied on specific foods or on plastic/polymer surfaces. Co-culture effects, biofilm age, and innate biofilm-associated resistance could all impact CAP efficacy, while studies on real foods are limited to the food product investigated without accounting for structural complexity. The effect of a Remote and Enclosed CAP device (Fourth State Medicine Ltd) was investigated on Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua grown as planktonic cells and as single or mixed bacterial biofilms of variable age, on a biphasic viscoelastic food model of controlled rheological and structural complexity. Post-CAP viability was assessed by plate counts, cell sublethal injury was quantified using flow cytometry, and biofilms were characterised and assessed using total protein content and microscopy techniques. A greater impact of CAP on planktonic cells was observed at higher air flow rates, where the ReCAP device operates in a mode more favourable to reactive oxygen species than reactive nitrogen species. Although planktonic E. coli was more susceptible to CAP than planktonic L. innocua, the opposite was observed in biofilm form. The efficacy of CAP was reduced with increasing biofilm age. Furthermore, E. coli produced much higher protein content in both single and mixed biofilms than L. innocua. Consequently, greater survival of L. innocua in mixed biofilms was attributed to a protective effect from E. coli. These results show that biofilm susceptibility to CAP is age and bacteria dependent, and that in mixed biofilms bacteria may become less susceptible to CAP. These findings are of significance to the food industry for the development of effective food decontamination methods using CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani El Kadri
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Katherine M Costello
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Phillip Thomas
- Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thomas Wantock
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Gavin Sandison
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Thomas Harle
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | | | | | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Sun R, Xu Y, Wu Y, Tang J, Esquivel-Elizondo S, Kerr PG, Staddon PL, Liu J. Functional sustainability of nutrient accumulation by periphytic biofilm under temperature fluctuations. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1145-1154. [PMID: 31437081 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1659422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature can fluctuate widely between different seasons, and this may greatly impact many biological processes. However, little is known about its influence on the functioning of benthic microbial communities. Here we investigated the nutrient accumulation capability of periphytic biofilm under temperature fluctuations (17-35°C). Periphytic biofilm maintained the same nutrient accumulation capacity after experiencing the 'warming-hot-cooling' temperature fluctuation under both lab and outdoor conditions as those without temperature disturbance. In response to temperature increase, both community composition and species richness changed greatly and the increase in biodiversity was identified as being the underlying mechanism boosting the sustainable function in nutrient accumulation, indicating zero net effects of community changes. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of how benthic microbial communities adapt to temperature fluctuations to maintain nutrient accumulation capacity and elucidate that periphytic biofilm plays important roles in influencing nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems under temperature changes such as seasonal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philip G Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Philip L Staddon
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Shatila F, Yaşa İ, Yalçın HT. Biofilm Formation by Salmonella enterica Strains. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1150-1158. [PMID: 33609163 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by five different Salmonella enterica strains was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively under different incubation conditions. The strains exhibited different adherence abilities to test tubes. The isolates revealed Red Dry and Rough (RDAR) and Brown Dry and Rough (BDAR) morphotypes when cultured on Congo Red Agar (CRA). The pellicles formed by the tested strains ranged from strong to fragile when incubated in LB without NaCl at 27 °C. Smooth and White (SAW) morphotype on CRA and very weak pellicles were observed when the bacterial strains were incubated at 37 °C. The effect of temperature and media on biofilm formation by the tested strains was significant. Among the five Salmonella isolates, S. enteritidis TM 6 and S. enteritidis TM 68 formed strong biofilms when incubated in LB without NaCl at 27 °C for 24 h and consequently selected to be analysed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Scanning electron micrographs revealed that S. enteritidis TM 6 formed more complex colonies when compared to those formed by S. enteritidis TM 68. As far as we know, this is the first study that provides quantitative and qualitative data for 5 Salmonella enterica isolates in different media mimicking four different nutritional conditions at two different temperatures after 24 and 48 h. The strains included two serovars S. bredeney and S. anatum, which are rarely accounted for. Additionally, the studies that described S. enteritidis biofilms under SEM are extremely limited, which makes it among the first comprehensive studies that screened for S. enteritidis biofilms.
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Atopobium vaginae and Prevotella bivia Are Able to Incorporate and Influence Gene Expression in a Pre-Formed Gardnerella vaginalis Biofilm. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020247. [PMID: 33672647 PMCID: PMC7924186 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a highly structured polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium where Gardnerella species presumably play a pivotal role. Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Prevotella bivia are vaginal pathogens detected during the early stages of incident BV. Herein, we aimed to analyze the impact of A. vaginae and P. bivia on a pre-established G. vaginalis biofilm using a novel in vitro triple-species biofilm model. Total biofilm biomass was determined by the crystal violet method. We also discriminated the bacterial populations in the biofilm and in its planktonic fraction by using PNA FISH. We further analyzed the influence of A. vaginae and P. bivia on the expression of key virulence genes of G. vaginalis by quantitative PCR. In our tested conditions, A. vaginae and P. bivia were able to incorporate into pre-established G. vaginalis biofilms but did not induce an increase in total biofilm biomass, when compared with 48-h G. vaginalis biofilms. However, they were able to significantly influence the expression of HMPREF0424_0821, a gene suggested to be associated with biofilm maintenance in G. vaginalis. This study suggests that microbial relationships between co-infecting bacteria can deeply affect the G. vaginalis biofilm, a crucial marker of BV.
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Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Ramos F, Saraiva A, Raposo A. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry-A Comprehensive Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042014. [PMID: 33669645 PMCID: PMC7922197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, 55142 Apartado, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
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Tazehabadi MH, Algburi A, Popov IV, Ermakov AM, Chistyakov VA, Prazdnova EV, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Probiotic Bacilli Inhibit Salmonella Biofilm Formation Without Killing Planktonic Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:615328. [PMID: 33679639 PMCID: PMC7925639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.615328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a foodborne infection caused by Salmonella. Domestic poultry species are one of the main reservoirs of Salmonella, which causes the foodborne infection salmonellosis, and are responsible for many cases of animal-to-human transmission. Keeping backyard chickens is now a growing trend, increasing the frequency of direct contact with the flock and, by consequence, the incidence of Salmonella infections. Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 are probiotic bacilli that produce the bacteriocins subtilosin A and subtilin, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the two strains was determined against the reference strain Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10420. The cell-free supernatant of B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 inhibited biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Hadar, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Thompson by 51.1, 48.3, and 56.9%, respectively. The cell-free supernatant of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 inhibited the biofilm formation of these Salmonella strains by 30.4, 28.6, and 35.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that the bacillus strains may have the potential to be used as probiotics and antibiotic alternatives for the control of Salmonella in poultry. The number of planktonic cells was unaffected by treatment with the cell-free supernatant. A co-culture of the Salmonella strains with either bacilli showed no signs of growth inhibition, suggesting that it might have been quorum sensing that is affected by the two Bacillus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Hassanpour Tazehabadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ammar Algburi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
- Department of Scholarship and Cultural Relation, Presidency of Diyala University, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Igor V. Popov
- Research Laboratory «Agrobiotechnology Center», Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Research Laboratory «Agrobiotechnology Center», Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Chistyakov
- Research Laboratory «Agrobiotechnology Center», Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Prazdnova
- Experimental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michael L. Chikindas
- Research Laboratory «Agrobiotechnology Center», Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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79
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Manoharadas S, Altaf M, Alrefaei AF, Hussain SA, Devasia RM, Badjah Hadj AYM, Abuhasil MSA. Microscopic analysis of the inhibition of staphylococcal biofilm formation by Escherichia coli and the disruption of preformed staphylococcal biofilm by bacteriophage. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1513-1521. [PMID: 33470479 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The formation of bacterial biofilms is a severely encountered problem in clinical and industrial settings. Most of the naturally occurring bacterial strains are capable of forming mono or mixed biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the potentiality of three clinically relevant species in forming mono and mixed biofilms over glass surface. In addition, we also appraised the efficiency of bacteriophages in alleviating preformed mono and mixed biofilm. Our initial study focused on the ability of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in forming biofilm on glass cover slip. All the three strains were able to form mono biofilm, although at varying intensities. Interestingly, E. coli inhibited the formation of S. aureus biofilm in a mixed culture. Specific bacteriophages ɸ44AHJD and ɸX174 completely disrupted S. aureus and E. coli preformed biofilm structure after 72 hr of incubation. However, addition of either of the bacteriophage to the mixed E. coli-S. aureus promoted the formation of biofilm by the alternate strain that was not affected by the phage. Our findings elicit the potentiality of common bacterial strains in forming biofilms on smooth glass surface. In addition, these results are very promising for the development of effective drugs using intact bacteriophages for the removal of complicated bacterial biofilms formed in clinically relevant glass surfaces. The observations further complemented the earlier finding of competitive inhibition of S. aureus biofilm development by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Central Laboratory, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, Central Laboratory, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Central Laboratory, King Saud University, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Mamkulathil Devasia
- Department of Molecular Biology, SCMS Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Mohammed Saeed Ali Abuhasil
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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80
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Mazaheri T, Cervantes-Huamán BRH, Bermúdez-Capdevila M, Ripolles-Avila C, Rodríguez-Jerez JJ. Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in the Food Industry: Is the Current Hygiene Program Sufficient to Combat the Persistence of the Pathogen? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010181. [PMID: 33467747 PMCID: PMC7830665 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms contain microbial cells which are protected by a self-produced matrix and they firmly attach themselves to many different food industry surfaces. Due to this protection, microorganisms within biofilms are much more difficult to eradicate and therefore to control than suspended cells. A bacterium that tends to produce these structures and persist in food processing plants is Listeria monocytogenes. To this effect, many attempts have been made to develop control strategies to be applied in the food industry, although there seems to be no clear direction on how to manage the risk the bacteria poses. There is no standardized protocol that is applied equally to all food sectors, so the strategies for the control of this pathogen depend on the type of surface, the nature of the product, the conditions of the food industry environment, and indeed the budget. The food industry performs different preventive and corrective measures on possible L. monocytogenes-contaminated surfaces. However, a critical evaluation of the sanitization methods applied must be performed to discern whether the treatment can be effective in the long-term. This review will focus on currently used strategies to eliminate biofilms and control their formation in processing facilities in different food sectors (i.e., dairy, meat, fish, chilled vegetables, and ready-to-eat products). The technologies employed for their control will be exemplified and discussed with the objective of understanding how L. monocytogenes can be improved through food safety management systems.
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81
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A. KS, P. D, G. D, J. N, G.S. H, S. AS, K. J, R. M. Super-hydrophobicity: Mechanism, fabrication and its application in medical implants to prevent biomaterial associated infections. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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82
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Kowalska J, MaĆkiw E, Stasiak M, Kucharek K, Postupolski J. Biofilm-Forming Ability of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Retail Food in Poland. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2032-2040. [PMID: 32663301 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Biofilms have a significant impact on food safety in the food industry. Many foodborne outbreaks have been associated with pathogenic bacterial strains that can form a biofilm. The present study was conducted under the Official Control and Monitoring Program in Poland to examine the ability of pathogenic bacteria collected from retail food samples to form biofilms. Biofilm formation was assessed by qualitative detection of extracellular polymeric substances on Congo red agar, by adherence to glass with the tube method, by the crystal violet biofilm (CV) assay, and by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A total of 40 isolates from food samples (10 strains each of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus) were examined. The strains were classified as adherent, slightly adherent, or nonadherent; biofilm production was classified as weak (WBP), moderate (MBP), or strong (SBP); and metabolic activity was classified as weak (WMA), moderate (MMA), or high (HMA). The incubation conditions and time influenced the amount of biofilm formed as well as did the growth medium. In the test tubes with Luria-Bertani broth (LBB), 22.5% of the strains were adherent and 77.5% were slightly adherent. Stronger adhesion was obtained in brain heart infusion (BHI) with 2% sucrose; 60% of the isolates were classified as adherent. With the CV assay with LBB, SBP was noted for 7.5% of the strains after 24 h of incubation and for 37.5% of the strains after 48 h. In BHI plus 2% sucrose, SBP was noted for 42.5 and 37.6% of the strains after 24 and 48 h, respectively. With the MTT assay with LBB, HMA was found for 15% of the strains after 24 h of incubation and for 25% of the strains after 48 h. In BHI plus 2% sucrose, 70 and 85% of the incubated strains were classified as HMA after 24 and 48 h, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-1068 [J.K.])
| | - ElŻbieta MaĆkiw
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Stasiak
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharek
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Postupolski
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
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83
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Non-Invasive Luciferase Imaging of Type I Interferon Induction in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Biomaterial Associated Bacterial Infections: Microbial Specificity and Inter-Bacterial Species Interactions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101624. [PMID: 33096869 PMCID: PMC7589032 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of biomaterials is often compromised by bacterial infections and subsequent inflammation. So far, the conventional analysis of inflammatory processes in vivo involves time-consuming histology and biochemical assays. The present study employed a mouse model where interferon beta (IFN-β) is monitored as a marker for non-invasive rapid detection of inflammation in implant-related infections. The mouse model comprises subcutaneous implantation of morphologically modified titanium, followed by experimental infections with four taxonomically diverse oral bacteria: Streptococcus oralis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola (as mono culture or selected mixed-culture). IFN-β expression increased upon infections depending on the type of pathogen and was prolonged by the presence of the implant. IFN-β expression kinetics reduced with two mixed species infections when compared with the single species. Histological and confocal microscopy confirmed pathogen-specific infiltration of inflammatory cells at the implant-tissue interface. This was observed mainly in the vicinity of infected implants and was, in contrast to interferon expression, higher in infections with dual species. In summary, this non-invasive mouse model can be used to quantify longitudinally host inflammation in real time and suggests that the polymicrobial character of infection, highly relevant to clinical situations, has complex effects on host immunity.
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84
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Klopper KB, de Witt RN, Bester E, Dicks LMT, Wolfaardt GM. Biofilm dynamics: linking in situ biofilm biomass and metabolic activity measurements in real-time under continuous flow conditions. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:42. [PMID: 33087727 PMCID: PMC7578832 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tools used to study biofilms generally involve either destructive, end-point analyses or periodic measurements. The advent of the internet of things (IoT) era allows circumvention of these limitations. Here we introduce and detail the development of the BioSpec; a modular, nondestructive, real-time monitoring system, which accurately and reliably track changes in biofilm biomass over time. The performance of the system was validated using a commercial spectrophotometer and produced comparable results for variations in planktonic and sessile biomass. BioSpec was combined with the previously developed carbon dioxide evolution measurement system (CEMS) to allow simultaneous measurement of biofilm biomass and metabolic activity and revealed a differential response of these interrelated parameters to changing environmental conditions. The application of this system can facilitate a greater understanding of biofilm mass-function relationships and aid in the development of biofilm control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Klopper
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Riaan N de Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elanna Bester
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gideon M Wolfaardt
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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85
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Clarithromycin Exerts an Antibiofilm Effect against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium rdar Biofilm Formation and Transforms the Physiology towards an Apparent Oxygen-Depleted Energy and Carbon Metabolism. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00510-20. [PMID: 32839186 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00510-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon biofilm formation, production of extracellular matrix components and alteration in physiology and metabolism allows bacteria to build up multicellular communities which can facilitate nutrient acquisition during unfavorable conditions and provide protection toward various forms of environmental stresses to individual cells. Thus, bacterial cells within biofilms become tolerant against antimicrobials and the immune system. In the present study, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of the macrolides clarithromycin and azithromycin. Clarithromycin showed antibiofilm activity against rdar (red, dry, and rough) biofilm formation of the gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (Nalr) at a 1.56 μM subinhibitory concentration in standing culture and dissolved cell aggregates at 15 μM in a microaerophilic environment, suggesting that the oxygen level affects the activity of the drug. Treatment with clarithromycin significantly decreased transcription and production of the rdar biofilm activator CsgD, with biofilm genes such as csgB and adrA to be concomitantly downregulated. Although fliA and other flagellar regulon genes were upregulated, apparent motility was downregulated. RNA sequencing showed a holistic cell response upon clarithromycin exposure, whereby not only genes involved in the biofilm-related regulatory pathways but also genes that likely contribute to intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, and the heat shock stress response were differentially regulated. Most significantly, clarithromycin exposure shifted the cells toward an apparent oxygen- and energy-depleted status, whereby the metabolism that channels into oxidative phosphorylation was downregulated, and energy gain by degradation of propane 1,2-diol, ethanolamine and l-arginine catabolism, potentially also to prevent cytosolic acidification, was upregulated. This analysis will allow the subsequent identification of novel intrinsic antimicrobial resistance determinants.
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86
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Interactions between fish isolates Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus in dual-species biofilms and sensitivity to carvacrol. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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87
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Khan F, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Diversity of Bacteria and Bacterial Products as Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Drugs Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1156-1179. [PMID: 31020938 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190423161249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit biofilm formation as well as interfere quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems. The QS system is a phenomenon in which pathogenic bacteria produce signaling molecules that are involved in cell to cell communication, production of virulence factors, biofilm maturation, and several other functions. In the natural environment, several non-pathogenic bacteria are present as mixed population along with pathogenic bacteria and they control the behavior of microbial community by producing secondary metabolites. Similarly, non-pathogenic bacteria also take advantages of the QS signaling molecule as a sole carbon source for their growth through catabolism with enzymes. Several enzymes are produced by bacteria which disrupt the biofilm architecture by degrading the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharide, extracellular- DNA and protein. Thus, the interference of QS system by bacterial metabolic products and enzymatic catalysis, modification of the QS signaling molecules as well as enzymatic disruption of biofilm architecture have been considered as the alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article elaborates on the diversity of different bacterial species with respect to their metabolic products as well as enzymes and their molecular modes of action. The bacterial enzymes and metabolic products will open new and promising perspectives for the development of strategies against the pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
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88
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Role of Lactobacillus biofilms in Listeria monocytogenes adhesion to glass surfaces. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 334:108804. [PMID: 32818764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can form long-lasting biofilms on food-contact surfaces. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have shown promise in antagonizing this microorganism in liquid media. However, the ecological relationships differ when cells are forming biofilms. In this work, we propose the use of Lactobacillus biofilms as surface "conditioners" to modulate the adhesion of L. monocytogenes. For this, the biofilm formation ability of Lactobacillus fermentum MP26 and Lactobacillus salivarius MP14 (human milk origin), fluorescently labeled by transfer of the mCherry-encoding pRCR12 plasmid, was first evaluated. Then, mature biofilms of these strains transformed with pRCR12 for expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry were used as adhesion substrate for GFP-tagged L. monocytogenes Scott A. The resulting biofilms were studied in terms of cellular population and attached biomass (cells plus matrix). Species distribution inside the biofilm structure was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Although none of the Lactobacillus spp. strains reduced the adhesion of L. monocytogenes Scott A, species interactions seem to interfere with the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances and species distribution inside the biofilms. In dual-species biofilms, CLSM images revealed that Lactobacillus cells were trapping those of L. monocytogenes Scott A. When surfaces were conditioned with Lactobacillus biofilms, the spatial distribution of L. monocytogenes Scott A cells was species-specific, suggesting these interactions are governing the ultimate biofilm structure. The results here obtained open new possibilities for controlling L. monocytogenes dispersal using these Lactobacillus spp. biofilms as a "natural" immobilization way. Whether species interactions could modify the virulence of L. monocytogenes still remains unclear.
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89
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Roberto AG, Itzel-Maralhi CF, Lilia-Lizette GD, Yesenia RS, Abigail PV, Carlos OP, Maria-Cristina SD, Arturo RP. Biofilm Production by Enterotoxigenic Strains of Bacillus cereus in Different Materials and under Different Environmental Conditions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071071. [PMID: 32709126 PMCID: PMC7409032 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses, such as infections or food poisoning, can be caused by bacterial biofilms present in food matrices or machinery. The production of biofilms by several strains of Bacillus cereus on different materials under different culture conditions was determined, as well as the relationship of biofilms with motility, in addition to the enterotoxigenic profile and candidate genes that participate in the production of biofilms. Biofilm production of B. cereus strains was determined on five materials: glass, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride (PVC), PVC/glass; in three culture media: Phenol red broth, tryptic soy broth, and brain heart infusion broth; in two different temperatures (37 °C and 25 °C), and in two different oxygen conditions (oxygen and CO2 tension). Furthermore, the strains were molecularly characterized by end-point polymerase chain reaction. Motility was determined on semi-solid agar. The B. cereus strains in this study were mainly characterized as enterotoxigenic strains; statistically significant differences were found in the PVC material and biofilm production. Motility was positively associated with the production of biofilm in glass/PVC. The sipW and tasA genes were found in two strains. The results of this study are important in the food industry because the strains carry at least one enterotoxin gene and produce biofilms on different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adame-Gómez Roberto
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero 39074, Mexico; (A.-G.R.); (C.-F.I.-M.); (G.-D.L.-L.); (R.-S.Y.)
| | - Cruz-Facundo Itzel-Maralhi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero 39074, Mexico; (A.-G.R.); (C.-F.I.-M.); (G.-D.L.-L.); (R.-S.Y.)
| | - García-Díaz Lilia-Lizette
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero 39074, Mexico; (A.-G.R.); (C.-F.I.-M.); (G.-D.L.-L.); (R.-S.Y.)
| | - Ramírez-Sandoval Yesenia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero 39074, Mexico; (A.-G.R.); (C.-F.I.-M.); (G.-D.L.-L.); (R.-S.Y.)
| | - Pérez-Valdespino Abigail
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11350, Mexico;
| | - Ortuño-Pineda Carlos
- Laboratorio de Ácidos Nucleicos y Proteínas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero 39074, Mexico;
| | | | - Ramírez-Peralta Arturo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patometabolismo Microbiano, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero 39074, Mexico; (A.-G.R.); (C.-F.I.-M.); (G.-D.L.-L.); (R.-S.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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90
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Solis-Velazquez OA, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M, Guerreo-Medina PJ, Rosas-García MDL, Iñiguez-Moreno M, Avila-Novoa MG. Nosocomial pathogen biofilms on biomaterials: Different growth medium conditions and components of biofilms produced in vitro. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:1038-1047. [PMID: 32680693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE (S) Nosocomial pathogens can develop biofilms on hospital surfaces and medical devices; however, few studies have focused on the evaluation of mono-and dual-species biofilms developed by nosocomial pathogens under different growth conditions. METHODS This study investigated biofilm development by nosocomial pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on biomaterials in different culture media and their components of the extracellular matrix biofilm. RESULTS The mono-species biofilms showed cell densities from 7.50 to 9.27 Log10 CFU/cm2 on natural rubber latex type I (NLTI) and from 7.58 to 8.79 Log10 CFU/cm2 on stainless steel (SS). Dual-species biofilms consisted of S. aureus + P. aeruginosa (7.87-8.27 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBP and TSBME onto SS; p < 0.05), E. coli + P. aeruginosa (8.32-8.86 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBME onto SS and TSBP onto NLTI; p < 0.05), and S. aureus + E. coli (7.82 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBME onto SS; p < 0.05). Furthermore, biofilm detachment after proteinase K treatment was 5.54-32.81% compared to 7.95-24.15% after DNase I treatment in the mono-dual species biofilm matrix. Epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled visualizing the bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms on SS and NLTI. CONCLUSION Nosocomial pathogens can develop biofilms on biomaterials. Mono-species biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria showed lower densities than dual-species biofilms in TSBME and TSBP. Additionally, dual-species biofilms showed a higher concentration of proteins and eDNA in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerreo-Medina
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Rosas-García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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91
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Stress response and survival of Salmonella Enteritidis in single and dual species biofilms with Pseudomonas fluorescens following repeated exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 325:108643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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92
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Nagar N, Aswathanarayan JB, Vittal RR. Anti-quorum sensing and biofilm inhibitory activity of Apium graveolens L. oleoresin. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:2414-2422. [PMID: 32549591 PMCID: PMC7271345 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae) is a dietary herb used as a spice, condiment and medicine. A. graveolens (Celery) has been studied for its antimicrobial property and for its application as flavours in food industry. The present study investigated the Apium graveolens oleoresin as an anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm agent. The quorum sensing and biofilm inhibition study was carried out using biosensor strains Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The MIC of celery oleoresin against C. violaceum CV12472 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 was 10 and 25% v/v, respectively. Inhibition of violacein and biofilm formation was tested at concentrations of oleoresins ranging from 1.56 and 50% v/v. The oleoresins showed a concentration dependent QS inhibitory activity and at sub-MIC of 6.25 and 12.5% v/v, the oleoresins significantly inhibited violacein production and biofilm formation (p < 0.05). Similarly, the celery oleoresin had significant QS modulatory effect on swimming, swarming and twitching motility in P. aeruginosa PAO1 at 12.5% v/v (p < 0.05). The major phytoconstituents present in celery oleoresin as analysed by GC-MS were eicosadiene, benzenemethanol and methyl ester which have not been previously reported. The findings suggest that celery has QS and biofilm inhibitory potential against gram negative pathogens and can find application as food intervention techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570 006 India
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93
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Kim JH, Ruegger PR, Lebig EG, VanSchalkwyk S, Jeske DR, Hsiao A, Borneman J, Martins-Green M. High Levels of Oxidative Stress Create a Microenvironment That Significantly Decreases the Diversity of the Microbiota in Diabetic Chronic Wounds and Promotes Biofilm Formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:259. [PMID: 32582564 PMCID: PMC7283391 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetics chronic wounds are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress (OS) and are often colonized by biofilm-forming bacteria that severely compromise healing and can result in amputation. However, little is known about the role of skin microbiota in wound healing and chronic wound development. We hypothesized that high OS levels lead to chronic wound development by promoting the colonization of biofilm-forming bacteria over commensal/beneficial bacteria. To test this hypothesis, we used our db/db−/− mouse model for chronic wounds where pathogenic biofilms develop naturally after induction of high OS immediately after wounding. We sequenced the bacterial rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene of the wound microbiota from wound initiation to fully developed chronic wounds. Indicator species analysis, which considers a species' fidelity and specificity, was used to determine which bacterial species were strongly associated with healing wounds or chronic wounds. We found that healing wounds were colonized by a diverse and dynamic bacterial microbiome that never developed biofilms even though biofilm-forming bacteria were present. Several clinically relevant species that are present in human chronic wounds, such as Cutibacterium acnes, Achromobacter sp., Delftia sp., and Escherichia coli, were highly associated with healing wounds. These bacteria may serve as bioindicators of healing and may actively participate in the processes of wound healing and preventing pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the wound. In contrast, chronic wounds, which had high levels of OS, had low bacterial diversity and were colonized by several clinically relevant, biofilm-forming bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Corynebacterium frankenforstense, and Acinetobacter sp. We observed unique population trends: for example, P. aeruginosa associated with aggressive biofilm development, whereas Staphylococcus xylosus was only present early after injury. These findings show that high levels of OS in the wound significantly altered the bacterial wound microbiome, decreasing diversity and promoting the colonization of bacteria from the skin microbiota to form biofilm. In conclusion, bacteria associated with non-chronic or chronic wounds could function as bioindicators of healing or non-healing (chronicity), respectively. Moreover, a better understanding of bacterial interactions between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria within an evolving chronic wound microbiota may lead to better solutions for chronic wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane H Kim
- Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Paul R Ruegger
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Elyson Gavin Lebig
- Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Samantha VanSchalkwyk
- Statistics Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Daniel R Jeske
- Statistics Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ansel Hsiao
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - James Borneman
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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94
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Jorge P, Magalhães AP, Grainha T, Alves D, Sousa AM, Lopes SP, Pereira MO. Antimicrobial resistance three ways: healthcare crisis, major concepts and the relevance of biofilms. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5532357. [PMID: 31305896 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, infections are resuming their role as highly effective killing diseases, as current treatments are failing to respond to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The social and economic burden of AMR seems ever rising, with health- and research-related organizations rushing to collaborate on a worldwide scale to find effective solutions. Resistant bacteria are spreading even in first-world nations, being found not only in healthcare-related settings, but also in food and in the environment. In this minireview, the impact of AMR in healthcare systems and the major bacteria behind it are highlighted. Ecological aspects of AMR evolution and the complexity of its molecular mechanisms are explained. Major concepts, such as intrinsic, acquired and adaptive resistance, as well as tolerance and heteroresistance, are also clarified. More importantly, the problematic of biofilms and their role in AMR, namely their main resistance and tolerance mechanisms, are elucidated. Finally, some of the most promising anti-biofilm strategies being investigated are reviewed. Much is still to be done regarding the study of AMR and the discovery of new anti-biofilm strategies. Gladly, considerable research on this topic is generated every day and increasingly concerted actions are being engaged globally to try and tackle this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jorge
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia Patrícia Magalhães
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tânia Grainha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Alves
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Patrícia Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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95
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Lukic D, Karygianni L, Flury M, Attin T, Thurnheer T. Endodontic-Like Oral Biofilms as Models for Multispecies Interactions in Endodontic Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E674. [PMID: 32384777 PMCID: PMC7285038 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue may result in pulpitis, pulp necrosis and/or periapical lesion. Depending on the environmental conditions and the availability of nutrients in the pulp chamber and root canals, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms predominate and form the intracanal endodontic biofilm. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of different substrates on biofilm formation as well as the separate and collective incorporation of six endodontic pathogens, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Prevotella nigrescens, Selenomonas sputigena, Parvimonas micra and Treponema denticola into a nine-species "basic biofilm". This biofilm was formed in vitro as a standard subgingival biofilm, comprising Actinomyces oris, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus oralis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The resulting endodontic-like biofilms were grown 64 h under the same conditions on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. After harvesting the endodontic-like biofilms, the bacterial growth was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, were labeled using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The addition of six endodontic pathogens to the "basic biofilm" induced a decrease in the cell number of the "basic" species. Interestingly, C. rectus counts increased in biofilms containing E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. nigrescens and S. sputigena, respectively, both on hydroxyapatite and on dentin discs, whereas P. intermedia counts increased only on dentin discs by addition of E. faecalis. The growth of E. faecalis on hydroxyapatite discs and of E. faecalis and S. aureus on dentin discs were significantly higher in the biofilm containing all species than in the "basic biofilm". Contrarily, the counts of P. nigrescens, S. sputigena and P. micra on hydroxyapatite discs as well as counts of P. micra and T. denticola on dentin discs decreased in the all-species biofilm. Overall, all bacterial species associated with endodontic infections were successfully incorporated into the standard multispecies biofilm model both on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. Thus, future investigations on endodontic infections can rely on this newly established endodontic-like multispecies biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.L.); (L.K.); (M.F.); (T.A.)
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96
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Fang K, Park OJ, Hong SH. Controlling biofilms using synthetic biology approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107518. [PMID: 31953206 PMCID: PMC7125041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are formed by the complex but ordered regulation of intra- or inter-cellular communication, environmentally responsive gene expression, and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Given the robust nature of biofilms due to the non-growing nature of biofilm bacteria and the physical barrier provided by the extracellular matrix, eradicating biofilms is a very difficult task to accomplish with conventional antibiotic or disinfectant treatments. Synthetic biology holds substantial promise for controlling biofilms by improving and expanding existing biological tools, introducing novel functions to the system, and re-conceptualizing gene regulation. This review summarizes synthetic biology approaches used to eradicate biofilms via protein engineering of biofilm-related enzymes, utilization of synthetic genetic circuits, and the development of functional living agents. Synthetic biology also enables beneficial applications of biofilms through the production of biomaterials and patterning biofilms with specific temporal and spatial structures. Advances in synthetic biology will add novel biofilm functionalities for future therapeutic, biomanufacturing, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuili Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Oh-Jin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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97
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Karygianni L, Ren Z, Koo H, Thurnheer T. Biofilm Matrixome: Extracellular Components in Structured Microbial Communities. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:668-681. [PMID: 32663461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms consist of microbial communities embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix. The matrix is composed of a complex array of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that contribute to the unique attributes of biofilm lifestyle and virulence. This ensemble of chemically and functionally diverse biomolecules is termed the 'matrixome'. The composition and mechanisms of EPS matrix formation, and its role in biofilm biology, function, and microenvironment are being revealed. This perspective article highlights recent advances about the multifaceted role of the 'matrixome' in the development, physical-chemical properties, and virulence of biofilms. We emphasize that targeting biofilm-specific conditions such as the matrixome could lead to precise and effective antibiofilm approaches. We also discuss the limited knowledge in the context of polymicrobial biofilms, and the need for more in-depth analyses of the EPS matrix in mixed communities that are associated with many human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community of Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Koo
- Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community of Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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98
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Alonso VPP, Harada AMM, Kabuki DY. Competitive and/or Cooperative Interactions of Listeria monocytogenes With Bacillus cereus in Dual-Species Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32184763 PMCID: PMC7058548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in dairy industries can form monospecies, dual-species, or multispecies biofilms, showing cooperative or competitive behaviors, which might contribute to the reduction of efficiency of cleaning and sanitization processes and eventually turn into a potential source of contamination. This study proposes to evaluate the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in monospecies biofilms, cocultured with Bacillus cereus. The isolates were of dairy origin, and the selection occurred after studies of competition among species. The biofilm formations on AISI 304 stainless steel at 25°C in a stationary culture were analyzed to observe the cooperative or competitive interactions among species, as well as the effect of pre-adhered cells. Biofilm formation assays were performed in four experiments: Experiment 1: in the presence of strains of antagonistic substance producer B. cereus (+); Experiment 2: extract of the antagonistic substance of B. cereus; Experiment 3: pre-adhered cells of B. cereus; and Experiment 4: pre-adhered cells of L. monocytogenes. Subsequently, cooperative behavior was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The L. monocytogenes monospecies biofilm counts of greater than 5 log colony-forming units (CFU)/cm2 were also observed in dual-species biofilms in the presence of B. cereus (non-producers of antagonist substance), showing cooperative behavior between species. However, in the presence of antagonistic substance produced by B. cereus, the counts were lower, 1.39 and 1.70 log CFU/cm2 (p > 0.05), indicating that the antagonistic substance contributes to competitive interactions. These data are relevant for the development of new studies to control L. monocytogenes in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirce Yorika Kabuki
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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99
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Lories B, Roberfroid S, Dieltjens L, De Coster D, Foster KR, Steenackers HP. Biofilm Bacteria Use Stress Responses to Detect and Respond to Competitors. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1231-1244.e4. [PMID: 32084407 PMCID: PMC7322538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria use complex regulatory networks to cope with stress, but the function of these networks in natural habitats is poorly understood. The competition sensing hypothesis states that bacterial stress response systems can serve to detect ecological competition, but studying regulatory responses in diverse communities is challenging. Here, we solve this problem by using differential fluorescence induction to screen the Salmonella Typhimurium genome for loci that respond, at the single-cell level, to life in biofilms with competing strains of S. Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. This screening reveals the presence of competing strains drives up the expression of genes associated with biofilm matrix production (CsgD pathway), epithelial invasion (SPI1 invasion system), and, finally, chemical efflux and antibiotic tolerance (TolC efflux pump and AadA aminoglycoside 3-adenyltransferase). We validate that these regulatory changes result in the predicted phenotypic changes in biofilm, mammalian cell invasion, and antibiotic tolerance. We further show that these responses arise via activation of major stress responses, providing direct support for the competition sensing hypothesis. Moreover, inactivation of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) of a competitor annuls the responses to competition, indicating that T6SS-derived cell damage activates these stress response systems. Our work shows that bacteria use stress responses to detect and respond to competition in a manner important for major phenotypes, including biofilm formation, virulence, and antibiotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Lories
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Roberfroid
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Dieltjens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David De Coster
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin R Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
| | - Hans P Steenackers
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
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100
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Klančnik A, Gobin I, Jeršek B, Smole Možina S, Vučković D, Tušek Žnidarič M, Abram M. Adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni Is Increased in Association with Foodborne Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E201. [PMID: 32023990 PMCID: PMC7074767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Campylobacter jejuni NTCT 11168 adhesion to abiotic and biotic surfaces when grown in co-culture with Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and/or Listeria monocytogenes 4b. Adhesion of C. jejuni to polystyrene and to Caco-2 cells and Acanthamoeba castellanii was lower for at least 3 log CFU/mL compared to E. coli and L. monocytogenes. Electron micrographs of ultrathin sections revealed interactions of C. jejuni with host cells. In co-culture with E. coli and L. monocytogenes, adhesion of C. jejuni to all tested surfaces was significantly increased for more than 1 log CFU/mL. There was 10% higher aggregation for C. jejuni than for other pathogens, and high co-aggregation of co-cultures of C. jejuni with E. coli and L. monocytogenes. These data show that C. jejuni in co-cultures with E. coli and L. monocytogenes present significantly higher risk than C. jejuni as mono-cultures, which need to be taken into account in risk evaluation. C. jejuni adhesion is a prerequisite for their colonization, biofilm formation, and further contamination of the environment. C. jejuni survival under adverse conditions as a factor in their pathogenicity and depends on their adhesion to different surfaces, not only as individual strains, but also in co-cultures with other bacteria like E. coli and L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.G.); (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Barbara Jeršek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Darinka Vučković
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.G.); (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Maja Abram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.G.); (D.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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