51
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Communication within East Antarctic Soil Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 86:AEM.01968-19. [PMID: 31628145 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01968-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica, being the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth, represents the most extreme environment in which a living organism can survive. Under constant exposure to harsh environmental threats, terrestrial Antarctica remains home to a great diversity of microorganisms, indicating that the soil bacteria must have adapted a range of survival strategies that require cell-to-cell communication. Survival strategies include secondary metabolite production, biofilm formation, bioluminescence, symbiosis, conjugation, sporulation, and motility, all of which are often regulated by quorum sensing (QS), a type of bacterial communication. Until now, such mechanisms have not been explored in terrestrial Antarctica. In this study, LuxI/LuxR-based quorum sensing (QS) activity was delineated in soil bacterial isolates recovered from Adams Flat, in the Vestfold Hills region of East Antarctica. Interestingly, we identified the production of potential homoserine lactones (HSLs) with chain lengths ranging from medium to long in 19 bacterial species using three biosensors, namely, Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, and Escherichia coli MT102, in conjunction with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The majority of detectable HSLs were from Gram-positive species not previously known to produce HSLs. This discovery further expands our understanding of the microbial community capable of this type of communication, as well as provides insights into physiological adaptations of microorganisms that allow them to survive in the harsh Antarctic environment.IMPORTANCE Quorum sensing, a type of bacterial communication, is widely known to regulate many processes, including those that confer a survival advantage. However, little is known about communication by bacteria residing within Antarctic soils. Employing a combination of bacterial biosensors, analytical techniques, and genome mining, we found a variety of Antarctic soil bacteria speaking a common language, via LuxI/LuxR-based quorum sensing, thus potentially supporting survival in a mixed microbial community. This study reports potential quorum sensing activity in Antarctic soils and has provided a platform for studying physiological adaptations of microorganisms that allow them to survive in the harsh Antarctic environment.
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52
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Complete Genome Sequence of Nocardia sp. Strain CS682, a Producer of Antibacterial Compound Nargenicin A1. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/49/e01098-19. [PMID: 31806741 PMCID: PMC6895301 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01098-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocardia sp. strain CS682 is a rare actinobacterium with a promising ability to produce secondary metabolites such as nargenicin A1 (an effective antibacterial compound) and IBR-3 (a UV-protectant molecule). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Nocardia sp. CS682, obtained by PacBio sequencing as a single contig with 8,919,230 bp (GC content, 63.3%). Nocardia sp. strain CS682 is a rare actinobacterium with a promising ability to produce secondary metabolites such as nargenicin A1 (an effective antibacterial compound) and IBR-3 (a UV-protectant molecule). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Nocardia sp. CS682, obtained by PacBio sequencing as a single contig with 8,919,230 bp (GC content, 63.3%).
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53
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Dhakal D, Kim ES, Koffas M. Editorial: Engineering the Microbial Platform for the Production of Biologics and Small-Molecule Medicines. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2307. [PMID: 31649647 PMCID: PMC6794555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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54
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Musiol-Kroll EM, Tocchetti A, Sosio M, Stegmann E. Challenges and advances in genetic manipulation of filamentous actinomycetes - the remarkable producers of specialized metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1351-1369. [PMID: 31517370 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2019Actinomycetes are Gram positive bacteria of the phylum Actinobacteria. These organisms are one of the most important sources of structurally diverse, clinically used antibiotics and other valuable bioactive products, as well as biotechnologically relevant enzymes. Most strains were discovered by their ability to produce a given molecule and were often poorly characterized, physiologically and genetically. The development of genetic methods for Streptomyces and related filamentous actinomycetes has led to the successful manipulation of antibiotic biosynthesis to attain structural modification of microbial metabolites that would have been inaccessible by chemical means and improved production yields. Moreover, genome mining reveals that actinomycete genomes contain multiple biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), however only a few of them are expressed under standard laboratory conditions, leading to the production of the respective compound(s). Thus, to access and activate the so-called "silent" BGCs, to improve their biosynthetic potential and to discover novel natural products methodologies for genetic manipulation are required. Although different methods have been applied for many actinomycete strains, genetic engineering is still remaining very challenging for some "underexplored" and poorly characterized actinomycetes. This review summarizes the strategies developed to overcome the obstacles to genetic manipulation of actinomycetes and allowing thereby rational genetic engineering of this industrially relevant group of microorganisms. At the end of this review we give some tips to researchers with limited or no previous experience in genetic manipulation of actinomycetes. The article covers the most relevant literature published until February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Musiol-Kroll
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | | | | | - Evi Stegmann
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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55
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Thuan NH, An TT, Shrestha A, Canh NX, Sohng JK, Dhakal D. Recent Advances in Exploration and Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds in Three Cyanobacterial Genera: Nostoc, Lyngbya, and Microcystis. Front Chem 2019; 7:604. [PMID: 31552222 PMCID: PMC6734169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, are only Gram-negative bacteria with the capacity of oxygenic photosynthesis, so termed as “Cyanophyta” or “blue-green algae.” Their habitat is ubiquitous, which includes the diverse environments, such as soil, water, rock and other organisms (symbiosis, commensalism, or parasitism, etc.,). They are characterized as prominent producers of numerous types of important compounds with anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Among the various cyanobacterial genera, members belonging to genera Nostoc, Lyngbya, and Microcystis possess greater attention. The major reason for that is the strains belonging to these genera produce the compounds with diverse activities/structures, including compounds in preclinical and/or clinical trials (cryptophycin and curacin), or the compounds retaining unique activities such as protease inhibitor (micropeptins and aeruginosins). Most of these compounds were tested for their efficacy and mechanism of action(MOA) through in vitro and/or in vivo studies. Recently, the advances in culture techniques of these cyanobacteria, and isolation, purification, and chromatographic analysis of their compounds have revealed insurmountable novel bioactive compounds from these cyanobacteria. This review provides comprehensive update on the origin, isolation and purification methods, chemical structures and biological activities of the major compounds from Nostoc, Lyngbya, and Microcystis. In addition, multi-omics approaches and biotechnological production of compounds from selected cyanobacterial genera have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tuan An
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Anil Shrestha
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Xuan Canh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea.,Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
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56
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Dhakal D, Sohng JK, Pandey RP. Engineering actinomycetes for biosynthesis of macrolactone polyketides. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:137. [PMID: 31409353 PMCID: PMC6693128 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are characterized as the most prominent producer of natural products (NPs) with pharmaceutical importance. The production of NPs from these actinobacteria is associated with particular biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in these microorganisms. The majority of these BGCs include polyketide synthase (PKS) or non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) or a combination of both PKS and NRPS. Macrolides compounds contain a core macro-lactone ring (aglycone) decorated with diverse functional groups in their chemical structures. The aglycon is generated by megaenzyme polyketide synthases (PKSs) from diverse acyl-CoA as precursor substrates. Further, post-PKS enzymes are responsible for allocating the structural diversity and functional characteristics for their biological activities. Macrolides are biologically important for their uses in therapeutics as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, immunosuppressants, anti-parasites and many more. Thus, precise genetic/metabolic engineering of actinobacteria along with the application of various chemical/biological approaches have made it plausible for production of macrolides in industrial scale or generation of their novel derivatives with more effective biological properties. In this review, we have discussed versatile approaches for generating a wide range of macrolide structures by engineering the PKS and post-PKS cascades at either enzyme or cellular level in actinobacteria species, either the native or heterologous producer strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, 31460 Chungnam Republic of Korea
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57
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Kasanah N, Triyanto T. Bioactivities of Halometabolites from Marine Actinobacteria. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E225. [PMID: 31212626 PMCID: PMC6627970 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural halogenated compounds (halometabolites) are produced mainly by marine organisms, including marine Actinobacteria. Many commercially important compounds for pharmaceuticals contain halogen, and the halogen is responsible for the physical and chemical properties as well as bioactivities and toxicities. In the exploration of marine environment that is supported by advanced structure elucidation, varied panel bioassays and high-throughput screening have accelerated number of halometabolites isolated from marine Actinobacteria to date. The metabolites exhibited unique structures and promising bioactivities. This review focuses on the chemodiversity and bioactivities of marine halometabolites from marine Actinobacteria reported in the last 15 years (2003-2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noer Kasanah
- Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Triyanto Triyanto
- Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
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58
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Qin S, Li WJ, Klenk HP, Hozzein WN, Ahmed I. Editorial: Actinobacteria in Special and Extreme Habitats: Diversity, Function Roles and Environmental Adaptations, Second Edition. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31114567 PMCID: PMC6503213 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Agricultural Research Center, Bio-resources Conservation Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
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59
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Subramani R, Sipkema D. Marine Rare Actinomycetes: A Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E249. [PMID: 31035452 PMCID: PMC6562664 DOI: 10.3390/md17050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare actinomycetes are prolific in the marine environment; however, knowledge about their diversity, distribution and biochemistry is limited. Marine rare actinomycetes represent a rather untapped source of chemically diverse secondary metabolites and novel bioactive compounds. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge on the isolation, diversity, distribution and natural product discovery of marine rare actinomycetes reported from mid-2013 to 2017. A total of 97 new species, representing 9 novel genera and belonging to 27 families of marine rare actinomycetes have been reported, with the highest numbers of novel isolates from the families Pseudonocardiaceae, Demequinaceae, Micromonosporaceae and Nocardioidaceae. Additionally, this study reviewed 167 new bioactive compounds produced by 58 different rare actinomycete species representing 24 genera. Most of the compounds produced by the marine rare actinomycetes present antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer or antimalarial activities. The highest numbers of natural products were derived from the genera Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora, Salinispora and Pseudonocardia. Members of the genus Micromonospora were revealed to be the richest source of chemically diverse and unique bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subramani
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Republic of Fiji.
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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60
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Braddock AA, Theodorakis EA. Marine Spirotetronates: Biosynthetic Edifices That Inspire Drug Discovery. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040232. [PMID: 31010150 PMCID: PMC6521127 DOI: 10.3390/md17040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirotetronates are actinomyces-derived polyketides that possess complex structures and exhibit potent and unexplored bioactivities. Due to their anticancer and antimicrobial properties, they have potential as drug hits and deserve further study. In particular, abyssomicin C and tetrocarcin A have shown significant promise against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and tuberculosis, as well as for the treatment of various lymphomas and solid tumors. Improved synthetic routes to these compounds, particularly the class II spirotetronates, are needed to access sufficient quantities for structure optimization and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Braddock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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61
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Santos JD, Vitorino I, De la Cruz M, Díaz C, Cautain B, Annang F, Pérez-Moreno G, Gonzalez Martinez I, Tormo JR, Martín JM, Urbatzka R, Vicente FM, Lage OM. Bioactivities and Extract Dereplication of Actinomycetales Isolated From Marine Sponges. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:727. [PMID: 31024503 PMCID: PMC6467163 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the beginning of the twenty-first century, humanity faces great challenges regarding diseases and health-related quality of life. A drastic rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, in the number of cancer patients, in the obesity epidemics and in chronic diseases due to life expectation extension are some of these challenges. The discovery of novel therapeutics is fundamental and it may come from underexplored environments, like marine habitats, and microbial origin. Actinobacteria are well-known as treasure chests for the discovery of novel natural compounds. In this study, eighteen Actinomycetales isolated from marine sponges of three Erylus genera collected in Portuguese waters were tested for bioactivities with the main goal of isolating and characterizing the responsible bioactive metabolites. The screening comprehended antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, anti-cancer and anti-obesity properties. Fermentations of the selected strains were prepared using ten different culturing media. Several bioactivities against the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 were obtained in small volume cultures. Screening in higher volumes showed consistent anti-fungal activity by strain Dermacoccus sp. #91-17 and Micrococcus luteus Berg02-26. Gordonia sp. Berg02-22.2 showed anti-parasitic (Trypanosoma cruzi) and anti-cancer activity against several cell lines (melanoma A2058, liver HepG2, colon HT29, breast MCF7 and pancreatic MiaPaca). For the anti-obesity assay, Microbacterium foliorum #91-29 and #91-40 induced lipid reduction on the larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Dereplication of the extracts from several bacteria showed the existence of a variety of secondary metabolites, with some undiscovered molecules. This work showed that Actinomycetales are indeed good candidates for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Inês Vitorino
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mercedes De la Cruz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Bastien Cautain
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Frederick Annang
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Guiomar Pérez-Moreno
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gonzalez Martinez
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose R Tormo
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús M Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisca M Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga M Lage
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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62
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Girão M, Ribeiro I, Ribeiro T, Azevedo IC, Pereira F, Urbatzka R, Leão PN, Carvalho MF. Actinobacteria Isolated From Laminaria ochroleuca: A Source of New Bioactive Compounds. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:683. [PMID: 31024480 PMCID: PMC6465344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature is the major reservoir of biologically active molecules. The urgent need of finding novel molecules for pharmaceutical application is prompting the research of underexplored environments, such as marine ecosystems. Here, we investigated cultivable actinobacteria associated with the macroalgae Laminaria ochroleuca and assessed their potential to produce compounds with antimicrobial or anticancer activities. A specimen of L. ochroleuca was collected in a rocky shore in northern Portugal, and fragments of tissues from different parts of the macroalgae (holdfast, stipe, and blades) were surface sterilized and plated in three culture media selective for actinobacteria. A total of 90 actinobacterial strains were isolated, most of which affiliated with the genus Streptomyces. Isolates associated with the genera Isoptericola, Rhodococcus, Nonomuraeae, Nocardiopsis, Microbispora, and Microbacterium were also obtained. Organic extracts from the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial activity using the agar-based disk diffusion method, followed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Forty-five isolates inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and/or Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values ranging from <0.5 to 1000 μg mL−1. The actinobacterial isolates were also tested for their anticancer potential on two human cancer cell lines. Twenty-eight extracts affected the viability of at least one human cancer cell line (breast carcinoma T-47D and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y) and non-carcinogenic endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3). Seven extracts affected the viability of cancer cells only. This study revealed that L. ochroleuca is a rich source of actinobacteria with promising antimicrobial and anticancer activities and suggests that macroalgae may be a valuable source of actinobacteria and, consequently, of new molecules with biotechnological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Girão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel C Azevedo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria F Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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63
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Xu L, Sun C, Huang M, Wu YH, Yuan CQ, Dai WH, Ye K, Han B, Xu XW. Complete genome sequence of Euzebya sp. DY32-46, a marine Actinobacteria isolated from the Pacific Ocean. Mar Genomics 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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64
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Dhakal D, Rayamajhi V, Mishra R, Sohng JK. Bioactive molecules from Nocardia: diversity, bioactivities and biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:385-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-02120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nocardia spp. are catalase positive, aerobic, and non-motile Gram-positive filamentous bacteria. Many Nocarida spp. have been reported as unusual causes of diverse clinical diseases in both humans and animals. Therefore, they have been studied for a long time, primarily focusing on strain characterization, taxonomic classification of new isolates, and host pathophysiology. Currently, there are emerging interests in isolating bioactive molecules from diverse actinobacteria including Nocardia spp. and studying their biosynthetic mechanisms. In addition, these species possess significant metabolic capacity, which has been utilized for generating diverse functionalized bioactive molecules by whole cell biotransformation. This review summarizes the structural diversity and biological activities of compounds biosynthesized or biotransformed by Nocardia spp. Furthermore, the recent advances on biosynthetic mechanisms and genetic engineering approaches for enhanced production or structural/functional modification are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Rayamajhi
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Ravindra Mishra
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
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Mishra R, Dhakal D, Han JM, Lim HN, Jung HJ, Yamaguchi T, Sohng JK. Production of a Novel Tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN) Derivative from Nocardia sp. CS682 by Metabolic Engineering and Its Bioactivities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020244. [PMID: 30634706 PMCID: PMC6358914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nargenicin A1 is major secondary metabolite produced by Nocardia sp. CS682, with an effective antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive bacteria. Most Nocardia spp. have metabolic ability to produce compounds of diverse nature, so one-strain-many-compounds (OSMAC) approach can be applied for obtaining versatile compounds from these strains. In this study, we characterized a novel 1, 3, 6, 8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN) derivative by metabolic engineering approach leading to the inactivation of nargenicin A1 biosynthesis. By using genome mining, metabolite profiling, and bioinformatics, the biosynthetic gene cluster and biosynthetic mechanism were elucidated. Further, the antibacterial, anticancer, melanin formation, and UV protective properties for isolated THN compound were performed. The compound did not exhibit significant antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, but it exhibited promising UV protection effects. Thus, metabolic engineering is an effective strategy for discovering novel bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Mishra
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Jang Mi Han
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Haet Nim Lim
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Tokutaro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction (iBR), Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
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Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Actinomycetes: Isolation, Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 108 2019; 108:207-296. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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67
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Genilloud O. Mining Actinomycetes for Novel Antibiotics in the Omics Era: Are We Ready to Exploit This New Paradigm? Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E85. [PMID: 30257490 PMCID: PMC6316141 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current spread of multi-drug resistance in a number of key pathogens and the lack of therapeutic solutions in development to address most of the emerging infections in the clinic that are difficult to treat have become major concerns. Microbial natural products represent one of the most important sources for the discovery of potential new antibiotics and actinomycetes have been one of the most relevant groups that are prolific producers of these bioactive compounds. Advances in genome sequencing and bioinformatic tools have collected a wealth of knowledge on the biosynthesis of these molecules. This has revealed the broad untapped biosynthetic diversity of actinomycetes, with large genomes and the capacity to produce more molecules than previously estimated, opening new opportunities to identify the novel classes of compounds that are awaiting to be discovered. Comparative genomics, metabolomics and proteomics and the development of new analysis and genetic engineering tools provide access to the integration of new knowledge and better understanding of the physiology of actinomycetes and their tight regulation of the production of natural products antibiotics. This new paradigm is fostering the development of new genomic-driven and culture-based strategies, which aims to deliver new chemical classes of antibiotics to be developed to the clinic and replenish the exhausted pipeline of drugs for fighting the progression of infection diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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68
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Shamim K, Sharma J, Mutnale M, Dubey SK, Mujawar S. Characterization of a metagenomic serine metalloprotease and molecular docking studies. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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69
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Review on Abyssomicins: Inhibitors of the Chorismate Pathway and Folate Biosynthesis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061371. [PMID: 29882815 PMCID: PMC6100094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifolates targeting folate biosynthesis within the shikimate-chorismate-folate metabolic pathway are ideal and selective antimicrobials, since higher eukaryotes lack this pathway and rely on an exogenous source of folate. Resistance to the available antifolates, inhibiting the folate pathway, underlines the need for novel antibiotic scaffolds and molecular targets. While para-aminobenzoic acid synthesis within the chorismate pathway constitutes a novel molecular target for antifolates, abyssomicins are its first known natural inhibitors. This review describes the abyssomicin family, a novel spirotetronate polyketide Class I antimicrobial. It summarizes synthetic and biological studies, structural, biosynthetic, and biological properties of the abyssomicin family members. This paper aims to explain their molecular target, mechanism of action, structure⁻activity relationship, and to explore their biological and pharmacological potential. Thirty-two natural abyssomicins and numerous synthetic analogues have been reported. The biological activity of abyssomicins includes their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria, antitumor properties, latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reactivator, anti-HIV and HIV replication inducer properties. Their antimalarial properties have not been explored yet. Future analoging programs using the structure⁻activity relationship data and synthetic approaches may provide a novel abyssomicin structure that is active and devoid of cytotoxicity. Abyssomicin J and atrop-o-benzyl-desmethylabyssomicin C constitute promising candidates for such programs.
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70
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Improved production of 1-deoxynojirymicin in Escherichia coli through metabolic engineering. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:77. [PMID: 29796897 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Azasugars, such as 1-deoxynojirymicin (1-DNJ), are associated with diverse pharmaceutical applications, such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-HIV, and antitumor properties. Different azasugars have been isolated from diverse microbial and plant sources though complicated purification steps, or generated by costly chemical synthesis processes. But the biosynthesis of such potent molecules using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host provides a broader opportunity to access these molecules, particularly by utilizing synthetic biological, metabolic engineering, and process optimization approaches. This work used an integrated approach of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering, and pathway optimization for rational metabolic engineering, leading to the improved production of 1-DNJ. The production of 1-DNJ in recombinant E. coli culture broth was confirmed by enzymatic assays and mass spectrometric analysis. Specifically, the pathway engineering for its key precursor, fructose-6-phosphate, along with optimized media condition, results in the highest production levels. When combined, 1-DNJ production was extended to ~ 273 mg/L, which is the highest titer of production of 1-DNJ reported using E. coli.
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71
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Masand M, Sivakala KK, Menghani E, Thinesh T, Anandham R, Sharma G, Sivakumar N, Jebakumar SRD, Jose PA. Biosynthetic Potential of Bioactive Streptomycetes Isolated From Arid Region of the Thar Desert, Rajasthan (India). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:687. [PMID: 29720968 PMCID: PMC5915549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of Actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces from previously underexplored habitats and the exploration of their biosynthetic potential have gained much attention in the rejuvenated antibiotics search programs. Herein, we isolated some Streptomyces strains, from an arid region of the Great Indian Thar Desert, which possess an ability to produce novel bioactive compounds. Twenty-one morphologically distinctive strains differing in their aerial and substrate mycelium were isolated by employing a stamping method. Among them, 12 strains were identified by a two-level antimicrobial screening method, exerting antimicrobial effects against a panel of indicator strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species. Based on their potent antimicrobial activity, four isolates were further explored by 16S rRNA gene-based identification, genetic screening, and metabolomic analysis; and it was found that these strains belong to the genus Streptomyces. The selected strains were found to have polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase systems. In addition, extracellular metabolomic screening revealed that the isolates produced analogs of doxorubicinol, pyrromycin, erythromycin, and 6-13 other putative novel metabolites. These results demonstrate the significance of Streptomyces inhabiting the arid region of Thar Desert, suggesting that similar arid environments can be considered as the reservoirs of novel Streptomyces strains that could have biotechnological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeta Masand
- School of Life Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Ekta Menghani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JECRC University, Jaipur, India
| | - Thangathurai Thinesh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rangasamy Anandham
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Natesan Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Solomon R D Jebakumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Polpass Arul Jose
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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Thuan NH, Dhakal D, Pokhrel AR, Chu LL, Van Pham TT, Shrestha A, Sohng JK. Genome-guided exploration of metabolic features of Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952: past, current, and prospect. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4355-4370. [PMID: 29602983 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 produces two major anthracyclines, doxorubicin (DXR) and daunorubicin (DNR), which are potent chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of several cancers. In order to gain detailed insight on genetics and biochemistry of the strain, the complete genome was determined and analyzed. The result showed that its complete sequence contains 7187 protein coding genes in a total of 8,023,114 bp, whereas 87% of the genome contributed to the protein coding region. The genomic sequence included 18 rRNA, 66 tRNAs, and 3 non-coding RNAs. In silico studies predicted ~ 68 biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) encoding diverse classes of secondary metabolites, including non-ribosomal polyketide synthase (NRPS), polyketide synthase (PKS I, II, and III), terpenes, and others. Detailed analysis of the genome sequence revealed versatile biocatalytic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), electron transfer systems (ETS) genes, methyltransferase (MT), glycosyltransferase (GT). In addition, numerous functional genes (transporter gene, SOD, etc.) and regulatory genes (afsR-sp, metK-sp, etc.) involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites were found. This minireview summarizes the genome-based genome mining (GM) of diverse BCGs and genome exploration (GE) of versatile biocatalytic enzymes, and other enzymes involved in maintenance and regulation of metabolism of S. peucetius. The detailed analysis of genome sequence provides critically important knowledge useful in the bioengineering of the strain or harboring catalytically efficient enzymes for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung Street, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Anaya Raj Pokhrel
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Luan Luong Chu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thuy Van Pham
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Shrestha
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea.
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea.
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Fluostatins M-Q Featuring a 6-5-6-6 Ring Skeleton and High Oxidized A-Rings from Marine Streptomyces sp. PKU-MA00045. Mar Drugs 2018. [PMID: 29522466 PMCID: PMC5867631 DOI: 10.3390/md16030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic polyketides from marine actinomycetes have received increasing attention due to their unusual structures and potent bioactivities. Compared to their terrestrial counterparts, marine aromatic polyketides have been less discovered and their structural and biological diversities are far from being fully investigated. In this study, we employed a PCR-based genome mining method to discover aromatic polyketides in our marine bacteria collection. Five new atypical angucyclinones, fluostatins M–Q (1–5) featuring a unique 6-5-6-6 ring skeleton, were discovered from one “positive” Streptomyces sp. PKU-MA00045. The structures of fluostatins M–Q (1–5) were elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and the crystallographic structure of fluostatin P (4), which contains the most oxidized A-ring, was solved by X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu Kα radiation. Compared to the published 16 fluostatin analogues, fluostatins M–Q (1–5) contained a different methoxy group attached at C-7 and hydroxy group attached at C-4, enriching the structural diversity of aromatic polyketides from marine actinomycetes. Genome sequencing of Streptomyces sp. PKU-MA00045 revealed the biosynthetic gene cluster of fluostatins M–Q (1–5), which contained different genes and gene organizations compared to known fluostatin gene clusters, facilitating the investigation of the biosynthesis of the unique 6-5-6-6 ring skeleton in all fluostatins.
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74
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Hossain GS, Nadarajan SP, Zhang L, Ng TK, Foo JL, Ling H, Choi WJ, Chang MW. Rewriting the Metabolic Blueprint: Advances in Pathway Diversification in Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:155. [PMID: 29483901 PMCID: PMC5816047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved over millions of years to fine tune their metabolism to create efficient pathways for producing metabolites necessary for their survival. Advancement in the field of synthetic biology has enabled the exploitation of these metabolic pathways for the production of desired compounds by creating microbial cell factories through metabolic engineering, thus providing sustainable routes to obtain value-added chemicals. Following the past success in metabolic engineering, there is increasing interest in diversifying natural metabolic pathways to construct non-natural biosynthesis routes, thereby creating possibilities for producing novel valuable compounds that are non-natural or without elucidated biosynthesis pathways. Thus, the range of chemicals that can be produced by biological systems can be expanded to meet the demands of industries for compounds such as plastic precursors and new antibiotics, most of which can only be obtained through chemical synthesis currently. Herein, we review and discuss novel strategies that have been developed to rewrite natural metabolic blueprints in a bid to broaden the chemical repertoire achievable in microorganisms. This review aims to provide insights on recent approaches taken to open new avenues for achieving biochemical production that are beyond currently available inventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Sakir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saravanan Prabhu Nadarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tee-Kheang Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jee Loon Foo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Won Jae Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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75
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Dhakal D, Dhakal Y, Sohng JK. Book Review: Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Fundamentals, Drug Development, and Clinical Outcomes to Target Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMCID: PMC5660960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dipesh Dhakal
| | - Yogesh Dhakal
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Nepal
| | - Jae K. Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
- Jae K. Sohng
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