51
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Boutonnet B, Dering B, Viñas-Guasch N, Thierry G. Seeing Objects through the Language Glass. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:1702-10. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent streams of research support the Whorfian hypothesis according to which language affects one's perception of the world. However, studies of object categorization in different languages have heavily relied on behavioral measures that are fuzzy and inconsistent. Here, we provide the first electrophysiological evidence for unconscious effects of language terminology on object perception. Whereas English has two words for cup and mug, Spanish labels those two objects with the word “taza.” We tested native speakers of Spanish and English in an object detection task using a visual oddball paradigm, while measuring event-related brain potentials. The early deviant-related negativity elicited by deviant stimuli was greater in English than in Spanish participants. This effect, which relates to the existence of two labels in English versus one in Spanish, substantiates the neurophysiological evidence that language-specific terminology affects object categorization.
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52
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Effects of 3D Shape and Texture on Gender Identification for a Retro-Projected Face Screen. Int J Soc Robot 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-013-0210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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53
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Balas B, Koldewyn K. Early visual ERP sensitivity to the species and animacy of faces. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2876-81. [PMID: 24041668 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the agency of potential actors in the visual world is a critically important aspect of social cognition. Adult observers are generally capable of distinguishing real faces from artificial faces (even allowing for recent advances in graphics technology and motion capture); even small deviations from real facial appearance can lead to profound effects on face recognition. Presently, we examined how early components of visual event-related potentials (ERPs) are affected by the "life" in human faces and animal faces. We presented participants with real and artificial faces of humans and dogs, and analyzed the response properties of the P100 and the N170 as a function of stimulus appearance and task (species categorization vs. animacy categorization). The P100 exhibited sensitivity to face species and animacy. We found that the N170's differential responses to human faces vs. dog faces depended on the task participants' performed. Also, the effect of species was only evident for real faces of humans and dogs, failing to obtain with artificial faces. These results suggest that face animacy does modulate early components of visual ERPs-the N170 is not merely a crude face detector, but reflects the tuning of the visual system to natural face appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Balas
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.
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54
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Kecskés-Kovács K, Sulykos I, Czigler I. Is it a face of a woman or a man? Visual mismatch negativity is sensitive to gender category. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:532. [PMID: 24027518 PMCID: PMC3761162 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether gender information for human faces was represented by the predictive mechanism indexed by the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) event-related brain potential (ERP). While participants performed a continuous size-change-detection task, random sequences of cropped faces were presented in the background, in an oddball setting: either various female faces were presented infrequently among various male faces, or vice versa. In Experiment 1 the inter-stimulus-interval (ISI) was 400 ms, while in Experiment 2 the ISI was 2250 ms. The ISI difference had only a small effect on the P1 component, however the subsequent negativity (N1/N170) was larger and more widely distributed at longer ISI, showing different aspects of stimulus processing. As deviant-minus-standard ERP difference, a parieto-occipital negativity (vMMN) emerged in the 200–500 ms latency range (~350 ms peak latency in both experiments). We argue that regularity of gender on the photographs is automatically registered, and the violation of the gender category is reflected by the vMMN. In conclusion the results can be interpreted as evidence for the automatic activity of a predictive brain mechanism, in case of an ecologically valid category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kecskés-Kovács
- Experimental Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary ; Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
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55
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It's not only in the eyes: Nonlinear relationship between face orientation and N170 amplitude irrespective of eye presence. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 89:358-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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56
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Abstract
Recent work suggests that biological motion processing can begin within ~110 ms of stimulus onset, as indexed by the P1 component of the event-related potential (ERP). Here, we investigated whether modulation of the P1 component reflects configural processing alone, rather than the processing of both configuration and motion cues. A three-stimulus oddball task was employed to evaluate bottom-up processing of biological motion. Intact point-light walkers (PLWs) or scrambled PLWs served as distractor stimuli, whereas point-light displays of tool motion served as standard and target stimuli. In a second experiment, the same design was used, but the dynamic stimuli were replaced with static point-light displays. The first experiment revealed that dynamic PLWs elicited a larger P1 as compared to scrambled PLWs. A similar P1 increase was also observed for static PLWs in the second experiment, indicating that these stimuli were more salient than static, scrambled PLWs. These findings suggest that the visual system can rapidly extract global form information from static PLWs and that the observed P1 effect for dynamic PLWs is not dependent on the presence of motion cues. Finally, we found that the N1 component was sensitive to dynamic, but not static, PLWs, suggesting that this component reflects the processing of both form and motion information. The sensitivity of P1 to static PLWs has implications for dynamic form models of biological motion processing that posit temporal integration of configural cues present in individual frames of PLW animations.
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57
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Peykarjou S, Westerlund A, Cassia VM, Kuefner D, Nelson CA. The neural correlates of processing newborn and adult faces in 3-year-old children. Dev Sci 2013; 16:905-14. [PMID: 24118716 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines the processing of upright and inverted faces in 3-year-old children (n = 35). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a passive looking paradigm including adult and newborn face stimuli. We observed three face-sensitive components, the P1, the N170 and the P400. Inverted faces elicited shorter P1 latency and larger P400 amplitude. P1 and N170 amplitudes were larger for adult faces. To examine the role of experience in the development of face processing, the processing of adult and newborn faces was compared for children with a younger sibling (n = 23) and children without a younger sibling (n = 12). Age of sibling at test correlated negatively with P1 amplitude for adult and newborn faces. This may indicate more efficient processing of different face ages in children with a younger sibling and potentially reflects a more flexible face representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Peykarjou
- Department of Developmental and Biological Psychology, Heidelberg University, Germany
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58
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Kloth N, Itier RJ, Schweinberger SR. Combined effects of inversion and feature removal on N170 responses elicited by faces and car fronts. Brain Cogn 2013; 81:321-8. [PMID: 23485023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The face-sensitive N170 is typically enhanced for inverted compared to upright faces. Itier, Alain, Sedore, and McIntosh (2007) recently suggested that this N170 inversion effect is mainly driven by the eye region which becomes salient when the face configuration is disrupted. Here we tested whether similar effects could be observed with non-face objects that are structurally similar to faces in terms of possessing a homogeneous within-class first-order feature configuration. We presented upright and inverted pictures of intact car fronts, car fronts without lights, and isolated lights, in addition to analogous face conditions. Upright cars elicited substantial N170 responses of similar amplitude to those evoked by upright faces. In strong contrast to face conditions however, the car-elicited N170 was mainly driven by the global shape rather than the presence or absence of lights, and was dramatically reduced for isolated lights. Overall, our data confirm a differential influence of the eye region in upright and inverted faces. Results for car fronts do not suggest similar interactive encoding of eye-like features and configuration for non-face objects, even when these objects possess a similar feature configuration as faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kloth
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
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59
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Daliri MR, Taghizadeh M, Niksirat KS. EEG Signature of Object Categorization from Event-related Potentials. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2013; 3:37-44. [PMID: 24083136 PMCID: PMC3785069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human visual system recognizes objects in a fast manner and the neural activity of the human brain generates signals which provide information about objects categories seen by the subjects. The brain signals can be recorded using different systems like the electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG signals carry significant information about the stimuli that stimulate the brain. In order to translate information derived from the EEG for the object recognition mechanism, in this study, twelve various categories were selected as visual stimuli and were presented to the subjects in a controlled task and the signals were recorded through 19-channel EEG recording system. Analysis of signals was performed using two different event-related potential (ERP) computations namely the "target/rest" and "target/non-target" tasks. Comparing ERP of target with rest time indicated that the most involved electrodes in our task were F3, F4, C3, C4, Fz, Cz, among others. ERP of "target/non-target" resulted that in target stimuli two positive peaks occurred about 400 ms and 520 ms after stimulus onset; however, in non-target stimuli only one positive peak appeared about 400 ms after stimulus onset. Moreover, reaction times of subjects were computed and the results showed that the category of flower had the lowest reaction time; however, the stationery category had the maximum reaction time among others. The results provide useful information about the channels and the part of the signals that are affected by different object categories in terms of ERP brain signals. This study can be considered as the first step in the context of human-computer interface applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Reza Daliri, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mitra Taghizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, Virtual Center, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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60
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The N170, not the P1, indexes the earliest time for categorical perception of faces, regardless of interstimulus variance. Neuroimage 2012; 62:1563-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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61
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Saavedra C, Olivares EI, Iglesias J. Cognitive decline effects at an early stage: Evidence from N170 and VPP. Neurosci Lett 2012; 518:149-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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62
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Emotional processing and its impact on unilateral neglect and extinction. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:1054-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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63
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Rousselet GA, Pernet CR, Caldara R, Schyns PG. Visual Object Categorization in the Brain: What Can We Really Learn from ERP Peaks? Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:156. [PMID: 22144959 PMCID: PMC3228234 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume A Rousselet
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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64
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Eimer M. The face-sensitivity of the n170 component. Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:119. [PMID: 22022313 PMCID: PMC3196313 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eimer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London London, UK
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