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Bao G, Li T, Guan X, Yao Y, Liang J, Xiang Y, Zhong X. Development of a Prognostic Alternative Splicing Signature Associated With Tumor Microenvironment Immune Profiles in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880478. [PMID: 35832557 PMCID: PMC9271776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS), a pivotal post-transcriptional process across more than 95% of human transcripts, is involved in transcript structural variations and protein complexity. Clinical implications of AS events and their interaction with tumor immunity were systematically analyzed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods Transcriptome profiling as well as AS data of LUAD were retrospectively curated. Then, the network of the overall survival (OS)-relevant AS events with splicing factors was established. After screening OS-relevant AS events, a LASSO prognostic model was conducted and evaluated with ROC curves. A nomogram that integrated independent prognostic indicators was created. Immune response and immune cell infiltration were estimated with ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA algorithms. Drug sensitivity was inferred with pRRophetic package. Results In total, 2415 OS-relevant AS events were identified across LUAD patients. The interaction network of splicing factors with OS-relevant AS events uncovered the underlying regulatory mechanisms of AS events in LUAD. Thereafter, a prognostic model containing 12 AS events was developed, which acted as a reliable and independent prognostic indicator following verification. A nomogram that constituted stage and risk score displayed great effectiveness in evaluating the survival likelihood. Moreover, the AS-based prognostic model was in relation to immune response and immune cell infiltration. Patients with a high-risk score displayed therapeutic superiority to cisplatin, erlotinib, gefitinib, and gemcitabine. Finally, three AS-relevant genes (CDKN2A, TTC39C, and PKIB) were identified as prognostic markers. Conclusion Collectively, our findings developed an AS event signature with powerful prognostic predictive efficacy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guan
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jones C, Dziadowicz S, Suite S, Eby A, Chen WC, Hu G, Hazlehurst LA. Emergence of Resistance to MTI-101 Selects for a MET Genotype and Phenotype in EGFR Driven PC-9 and PTEN Deleted H446 Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3062. [PMID: 35804837 PMCID: PMC9264848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MTI-101 is a first-in-class cyclic peptide that kills cells via calcium overload in a caspase-independent manner. Understanding biomarkers of response is critical for positioning a novel therapeutic toward clinical development. Isogenic MTI-101-acquired drug-resistant lung cancer cell line systems (PC-9 and H446) coupled with differential RNA-SEQ analysis indicated that downregulated genes were enriched in the hallmark gene set for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both MTI-101-acquired resistant cell lines. The RNA-SEQ results were consistent with changes in the phenotype, including a decreased invasion in Matrigel and expression changes in EMT markers (E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist) at the protein level. Furthermore, in the EGFR-driven PC-9 cell line, selection for resistance towards MTI-101 resulted in collateral sensitivity toward EGFR inhibitors. MTI-101 treatment showed synergistic activity with the standard of care agents erlotinib, osimertinib and cisplatin when used in combination in PC-9 and H446 cells, respectively. Finally, in vivo data indicate that MTI-101 treatment selects for increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin in H446, along with a decreased incident of bone metastasis in the PC-9 in vivo model. Together, these data indicate that chronic MTI-101 treatment can lead to a change in cell state that could potentially be leveraged therapeutically to reduce metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
| | - Sebastian Dziadowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501, USA; (S.D.); (G.H.)
| | - Samuel Suite
- Modulation Therapeutics Inc., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Ashley Eby
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501, USA; (A.E.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501, USA; (A.E.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501, USA; (S.D.); (G.H.)
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501, USA; (A.E.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Lori A. Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26501, USA; (A.E.); (W.-C.C.)
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Li Z, Zhang W, Bai J, Li J, Li H. Emerging Role of Helicobacter pylori in the Immune Evasion Mechanism of Gastric Cancer: An Insight Into Tumor Microenvironment-Pathogen Interaction. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862462. [PMID: 35795038 PMCID: PMC9252590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the strongest causative factor of gastric cancer. Growing evidence suggests that the complex crosstalk of H. pylori and the tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a profound influence on gastric cancer progression. Hence, there is emerging interest to in-depth comprehension of the mechanisms of interplay between H. pylori and the TME. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between H. pylori infection and immune and stromal cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, B and T cells, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), within the TME. Such knowledge will deepen the understanding about the roles of H. pylori in the immune evasion mechanism in gastric cancer and contribute to the development of more effective treatment regimens against H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinyang Bai
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Li,
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Peng M, Zheng Z, Chen S, Fang L, Feng R, Zhang L, Tang Q, Liu X. Sensitization of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Gefitinib and Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Aloe-Emodin Via PI3K/Akt/TWIS1 Signal Blockage. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908031. [PMID: 35677158 PMCID: PMC9168594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the impacts of AE (aloe-emodin) in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) cells and the corresponding mechanism. Methods PC9 and PC9-GR cells were cultured and treated by gefitinib, AE, or the combination of the two drugs. Then, viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells were investigated using CCK-8, TUNEL, wound healing assay, and transwell assay, respectively. Female BALB/c nude mice were employed for the establishment of xenograft tumor models to examine the role of AE in tumor growth. Results PC9-GR cells showed reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell viability, migration and invasion upon treatment by gefitinib, compared with PC9 cells. E-cahherin in PC9-GR cells was down-regulated, while Vimentin, Snail2 (or Slug) and Twist1 in PC9-GR cells were up-regulated, compared with PC9 cells. Meanwhile, treatment by a combination of gefitinib and AE significantly strengthened apoptosis of PC9-GR cells, while attenuated their migration and invasion, compared with the control group or treatment by gefitinib or AE alone. WB results showed that AE could reverse EMT and activation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in PC9-GR cells. In vivo experiments showed that tumor growth and EMT of PC9-GR cells were dramatically repressed after treatment by a combination of AE and gefitinib. Additionally, the use of SC97 (a PI3K/Akt pathway activator) could counteract the effects of AE in gefitinib-resistant PC9 cells. Conclusions AE could enhance the gefitinib sensitivity of PC9-GR cells and reverse EMT by blocking PI3K/Akt/TWIS1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Peng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuifeng Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoyang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Oncology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Rongxiu Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huaihua First People's Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Qingnan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang K, Qi L, Sun H, Diao M, Yang L. Integrative Analysis Identifies a TNFα-Derived Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis, Tumor Immunity, and Treatment Sensitivity in Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:882519. [PMID: 35719369 PMCID: PMC9201281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.882519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: TNF-α is an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC), possessing a key biological and clinical impact. Here, we conducted an integrative analysis of the role of TNFα-derived genes in GC prognosis and precision medicine.Methods: We pooled transcriptome and clinical features of GC patients from TCGA and GSE15459 projects. TNFα signaling was quantified through the ssGSEA algorithm, and TNFα-derived genes were screened with WGCNA. Thereafter, a LASSO model was established. The somatic mutation was analyzed across GC specimens. Immune cell infiltrations were inferred through ESTIMATE and ssGSEA algorithms, followed by measuring the immune checkpoint expression. AKR1B1, CPVL, and CTSL expressions were measured in gastric mucosal cells GES-1 and GC cells (HGC-27, MKN-28, and AGS) through RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results: A TNFα-derived gene signature (containing AKR1B1, CPVL, and CTSL) was developed for GC. A high-risk score indicated more undesirable OS, DFS, DSS, and PFS outcomes. Time-independent ROC curves and multivariate cox regression models confirmed that the signature reliably and independently predicted GC prognosis. Additionally, risk scores displayed significant correlations to more severe histological grades and pathological stages. A low-risk score was characterized by increased somatic mutation, while a high-risk score was characterized by immune and stromal activation, enhanced immune cell infiltrations, and increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Experimental results confirmed the significant upregulation of AKR1B1, CPVL, and CTSL in GC cells.Conclusion: Collectively, stratification based on the TNFα-derived gene signature might enable GC patients to predict prognosis, benefit from immunotherapy, and assist in formulating novel therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
- Philippine Women’s University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lina Qi
- PICC Clinic, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
| | - Min Diao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Yang,
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Bao G, Li T, Guan X, Yao Y, Liang J, Xiang Y, Zhong X. Comprehensive Analysis of the Function, Immune Profiles, and Clinical Implication of m1A Regulators in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882292. [PMID: 35712502 PMCID: PMC9197195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that transcriptional RNA methyladenosine modification significantly affects tumor initiation and progression. However, clinical implications of N1-methyladenosine (m1A) regulators and their effect on tumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still poorly elucidated. Methods Herein, the characteristics of somatic mutation, copy number variation (CNV), DNA methylation, and expression levels of m1A regulators were thoroughly analyzed. We classified 955 lung adenocarcinoma patients into different m1A modification patterns based on an unsupervised consensus clustering algorithm. We then calculated the differences in gene expression, prognosis outcomes, and immune profiles among different m1A clusters. Subsequently, we screened differently expressed genes (DEGs) related to prognosis among different m1A clusters. We identified m1A related gene clusters according to the prognosis-related different expressed genes. We further constructed a scoring standard named the m1A score and comprehensively analyzed the survival outcomes, clinical-pathological features, immune microenvironment, treatment responses of immunotherapy, and drug susceptibility in different m1A score groups. Results In total, three different m1A modification patterns were identified, which contained cluster A, B, and C. Among them, cluster A processed the poorest clinical outcomes, the lowest immune cell infiltration rate, and the highest tumor purity score. Then, three m1A gene clusters (gene cluster A, B, C) were speculated. Subsequently, we combined m1A modification patterns and m1A gene cluster to classify lung adenocarcinoma patients into high and low m1A score groups. The low m1A score group was accompanied by higher mortality, higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and genome mutation frequency, and lower programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) expression. Moreover, the m1A score exhibited positive correlation with almost all immune cells. Finally, common chemotherapeutic and targeted therapy agents exhibited obvious differences in drug susceptibility in different m1A score groups. Conclusions Collectively, we explored the potential value of m1A regulators in the prognosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma in multiple dimensions and provided some preliminary basis for the follow-up study of m1A regulators in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwen Zhong, ; Tian Li,
| | - Xiaojiao Guan
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifang Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwen Zhong, ; Tian Li,
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Xu L, Li J, Tursun M, Hai Y, Tursun H, Mamtimin B, Hasim A. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 promotes cervical cancer lymph node metastasis via the glycolysis‑dependent AKT/mTOR signaling. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:83. [PMID: 35616137 PMCID: PMC9162043 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), an aggressive form of squamous cell carcinoma, is characterized by early-stage lymph node metastasis and an extremely poor prognosis. The authors have previously demonstrated that patients with CC have aberrant glycolysis. The upregulation of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is associated with CC lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, its role in mediating aerobic glycolysis in CC LNM remains unclear. In the present study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed a significant association between RACK1 expression and the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Additionally, RACK1 knockdown inhibited aerobic glycolysis and lymphangiogenesis in vitro and suppressed CC LNM in vivo. Furthermore, protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was identified as a critical RACK1-regulated pathway that increased lymphangiogenesis in CC. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis revealed that RACK1 activated AKT/mTOR signaling by interacting with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). POU class 2 homeobox 2 (POU2F2) bound to the RACK1 promoter and regulated its transcription, thereby functionally contributing to glycolysis and lymphangiogenesis in CC. Of note, the admin-istration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which attenuates glycolysis, inhibited RACK1-induced lymphangiogenesis in CC. The correlations between RACK1, IGF1R, POU2F2 and hexokinase 2 were further confirmed in CC tissues. Thus, RACK1 plays a crucial role in CC tumor LNM by regulating glycolysis via IGF1R/AKT/mTOR signaling. Thus, the targeting of the POU2F2/RACK1/IGF1R/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may provide a novel treatment strategy for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Mikrban Tursun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Hatila Tursun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Batur Mamtimin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Ayshamgul Hasim
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
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Early Steps of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112613. [PMID: 35681591 PMCID: PMC9179469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with lung cancer benefit from more effective treatments, such as targeted therapies, and the overall survival has increased in the past decade. However, the efficacy of targeted therapies is limited due to the emergence of resistance. Growing evidence suggests that resistances may arise from a small population of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells. Understanding the mechanisms underlying DTP survival is therefore crucial to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of resistance. Herein, we propose an overview of the current scientific knowledge about the characterisation of DTP, and summarise the new therapeutic strategies that are tested to target these cells. Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective therapies for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbouring EGFR-activating mutations, but are not curative due to the inevitable emergence of resistances. Recent in vitro studies suggest that resistance to EGFR-TKI may arise from a small population of drug-tolerant persister cells (DTP) through non-genetic reprogramming, by entering a reversible slow-to-non-proliferative state, before developing genetically derived resistances. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms governing the dynamics of the drug-tolerant state is therefore a priority to provide sustainable therapeutic solutions for patients. An increasing number of molecular mechanisms underlying DTP survival are being described, such as chromatin and epigenetic remodelling, the reactivation of anti-apoptotic/survival pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and interactions with their micro-environment. Here, we review and discuss the existing proposed mechanisms involved in the DTP state. We describe their biological features, molecular mechanisms of tolerance, and the therapeutic strategies that are tested to target the DTP.
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Zhao F, Tian H, Liu X, Guan Y, Zhu Y, Ren P, Zhang J, Dong Y, Fu L. Homeobox A1 Facilitates Immune Escape and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Lung Adenocarcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4102666. [PMID: 35633885 PMCID: PMC9136634 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have demonstrated that homeobox A1 (HOXA1) is upregulated in lung cancer due to RNA modifications (N6-methyladenosine), but the specific function of HOXA1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains indistinct. Herein, we investigated the role of HOXA1 in LUAD biology. Methods This study presented pancancer analysis of associations of HOXA1 with prognosis, TMB, and immune checkpoints. The expression of HOXA1 was detected in LUAD and normal tissues with immunohistochemistry and western blot. Through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, HOXA1-derived gene model was conducted in LUAD. Correlations of HOXA1 with immune cell infiltrations, immune checkpoints, HLAs, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity were evaluated. Colony formation, proliferation, and migration of LUAD cells with si-HOXA1 transfection were investigated, and the effects of HOXA1 on T cell exhaustion were assessed in vitro. Results HOXA1 expression was a risk factor of overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval of LUAD. HOXA1 exhibited prominent associations with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and HLAs. HOXA1-derived gene signature reliably and independently predicted LUAD outcomes. Also, high-risk cases presented increased sensitivity to cisplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, and etoposide. HOXA1 knockdown exhibited an inhibitory effect on proliferation and migration abilities of LUAD cells. Silencing HOXA1 weakened the expression of antioxidative stress markers Nrf2/HO-1 and T cell exhaustion marker CD155 in LUAD cells. Moreover, LUAD cells with HOXA1 knockdown enhanced the CD8+ T cell response. Conclusion Our data support the oncogenic function and prognostic significance of HOXA1 that facilitates immune escape and alleviates oxidative stress of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250117 Shandong, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, China
| | - Yuanxiazi Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Heze Medical College, Heze, 274008 Shandong, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong, China
| | - Yinjun Dong
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong, China
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Salvianolic Acid B Suppresses Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis through PKM2-Independent Metabolic Reprogramming. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9302403. [PMID: 35502178 PMCID: PMC9056207 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9302403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has been demonstrated to be a potential chemoprevention agent for several cancers. Herein, we investigated the pharmacological function of Sal B on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. Methods Two NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H2030 and NCI-H1650) were disposed of by 200 μM Sal B or 10 μM PKM2 agonist TEPP-46. Wound healing and transwell experiments were implemented for analyzing migratory and invasive capacities. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers β-catenin and E-cadherin were measured via western blotting. Cellular bioenergetics were evaluated with glucose uptake, lactate production, enolase activity, cellular ATP levels, as well as seahorse-based oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) analysis. Metabolic reprogramming markers PKM2, LDHA, and GLUT1 were detected via western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results The results showed that Sal B disposal weakened the migration and invasion of NCI-H2030 and NCI-H1650 cells and inactivated the EMT process according to downregulation of β-catenin and upregulation of E-cadherin. Sal B-treated NSCLC cells displayed decreased glucose uptake, lactate production, enolase activity, cellular ATP levels, OCR, and ECAR, indicating a reduction in metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, Sal B downregulated the expression of PKM2, LDHA, and GLUT1. TEPP-46 may reverse the inhibitory effect of Sal B on metastasis as well as metabolic reprogramming. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that Sal B enables to weaken NSCLC metastasis through PKM2-independent metabolic reprogramming, which sheds light on the promising therapeutic usage of Sal B in treating NSCLC.
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Zhang X, Chen F, Qian C, Lu B. TRPM3 antagonist Ononetin exerts anti-cancer effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by suppressing TGF-β signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Acquired Mechanisms of Resistance to Osimertinib-The Next Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081931. [PMID: 35454838 PMCID: PMC9027936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osimertinib has revolutionized the treatment of EGFR-mutated tumors. Its current applications include the first-line setting, second-line setting, as well as the adjuvant setting. Although it represents a milestone in the context of targeted therapy, inevitably all tumors develop an acquired resistance, some mechanisms involve EGFR, others do so through alternative pathways leading to a bypass in osimertinib inhibition. It is key to understand these acquired mechanisms of resistance, both in the clinical setting, as well as in preclinical models, in order to develop and contribute to the identification of possible therapeutic strategies to overcome this acquired resistance. Abstract EGFR-mutated tumors represent a significant percentage of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the increasing use of osimertinib, a treatment that has demonstrated an outstanding clinical benefit with a tolerable toxicity profile, EGFR tumors eventually acquire mechanisms of resistance. In the last years, multiple mechanisms of resistance have been identified; however, after progressing on osimertinib, treatment options remain bleak. In this review, we cover the most frequent alterations and potential therapeutic strategies to overcome them.
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Cui Z, Li D, Zhao J, Chen K. Falnidamol and cisplatin combinational treatment inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting DUSP26-mediated signal pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 183:106-124. [PMID: 35278641 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide with limited effective therapies. Cisplatin (DDP), as the first-line treatment, is always served as a mainstay of chemotherapeutic agents in combination with other drugs for NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, DDP-based therapy is limited due to the frequent development of chemoresistance and adverse effects. Herein, it is necessary to find a more effective therapeutic approach with less toxicity. Falnidamol (FLD) is a pyrimido-pyrimidine compound and exerts anti-cancer activity. In the present study, we found that FLD could strongly promote the cytotoxicity of DDP and markedly reduce the IC50 values to restrain the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, combination of FLD and DDP remarkably induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and mitochondrial apoptosis, which was largely through the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, FLD/DDP in combination greatly triggered ferroptosis, along with free iron accumulation and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation were also considerably restrained in NSCLC cells co-treated with FLD/DDP. Mechanistically, the combinative treatment significantly reduced DUSP26 expression in NSCLC cells. More studies showed that DUSP26 was strongly up-regulated in human NSCLC samples compared with the paired normal tissues, and high DUSP26 predicted poor overall survival rate among patients. Importantly, we found that DUSP26 suppression intensively reduced the proliferation, EMT process and pEGFR expression in NSCLC cells, whereas facilitated ROS production, DNA damage and cell death; however, opposite phenotype was observed in NSCLC cells over-expressing DUSP26. More importantly, DUSP26 over-expression completely abolished the anti-cancer function of FLD/DDP in NSCLC cells. Animal studies finally confirmed that FLD/DDP in combination efficiently reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice with ameliorated side effects. In conclusion, all these data illustrated that FLD and DDP combinational treatment effectively restrained NSCLC progression, and thus can be served as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Barrios-Bernal P, Hernandez-Pedro N, Orozco-Morales M, Viedma-Rodríguez R, Lucio-Lozada J, Avila-Moreno F, Cardona AF, Rosell R, Arrieta O. Metformin Enhances TKI-Afatinib Cytotoxic Effect, Causing Downregulation of Glycolysis, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and EGFR-Signaling Pathway Activation in Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030381. [PMID: 35337178 PMCID: PMC8955777 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of metformin and TKIs for non-small cell lung cancer has been proposed as a strategy to overcome resistance of neoplastic cells induced by several molecular mechanisms. This study sought to investigate the effects of a second generation TKI afatinib, metformin, or their combination on three adenocarcinoma lung cancer cell lines with different EGFRmutation status. A549, H1975, and HCC827 cell lines were treated with afatinib, metformin, and their combination for 72 h. Afterwards, several parameters were assessed including cytotoxicity, interactions, apoptosis, and EGFR protein levels at the cell membrane and several glycolytic, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and EMT expression markers. All cell lines showed additive to synergic interactions for the induction of cytotoxicity caused by the tested combination, as well as an improved pro-apoptotic effect. This effect was accompanied by downregulation of glycolytic, EMT markers, a significant decrease in glucose uptake, extracellular lactate, and a tendency towards increased OXPHOS subunits expression. Interestingly, we observed a better response to the combined therapy in lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1975, which normally have low affinity for TKI treatment. Findings from this study suggest a sensitization to afatinib therapy by metformin in TKI-resistant lung cancer cells, as well as a reduction in cellular glycolytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barrios-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Thoracic Oncology Unit Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, S.S.A., San Fernando 22 Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.B.-B.); (N.H.-P.); (M.O.-M.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Norma Hernandez-Pedro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Thoracic Oncology Unit Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, S.S.A., San Fernando 22 Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.B.-B.); (N.H.-P.); (M.O.-M.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Mario Orozco-Morales
- Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Thoracic Oncology Unit Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, S.S.A., San Fernando 22 Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.B.-B.); (N.H.-P.); (M.O.-M.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Rubí Viedma-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico City 54090, Mexico;
| | - José Lucio-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Thoracic Oncology Unit Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, S.S.A., San Fernando 22 Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.B.-B.); (N.H.-P.); (M.O.-M.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Federico Avila-Moreno
- Lung Diseases and Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico City 54090, Mexico;
| | - Andrés F. Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research—FICMAC/Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 11001, Colombia;
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute and Hospital Campus Can Ruti, 8908 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Thoracic Oncology Unit Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, S.S.A., San Fernando 22 Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (P.B.-B.); (N.H.-P.); (M.O.-M.); (J.L.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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[Targeted Therapy and Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:183-192. [PMID: 35340161 PMCID: PMC8976207 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide and one of the leading cause of death from malignant tumors. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation is a common mutation in NSCLC. For advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as Gefitinib, Afatinib, Oxitinib and other targeted therapies have become the first-line treatment recommended by many guidelines, but many patients develop acquired drug resistance after about 1 year of medication. Patients with drug resistance will have earlier disease progression than patients without drug resistance, which has an important impact on the prognosis of patients. At present, the main treatment for patients with acquired resistance is new target inhibition for resistant mutation. For example, if patients with T790M mutation are resistant to the first or second generation drugs such as Gefitinb and Afatinib, they can be treated with the third generation drugs (Osimertinib or Almonertinib), which can delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, the study of drug resistance mechanism and treatment of drug resistance patients are essential. This paper mainly reviews targeted therapy and drug resistance mechanism of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, in order to provide reference for clinical application of EGFR-TKIs.
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Yuan R, Fan Q, Liang X, Han S, He J, Wang QQ, Gao H, Feng Y, Yang S. Cucurbitacin B inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC through regulating ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Chin Med 2022; 17:24. [PMID: 35183200 PMCID: PMC8858510 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and most of the patients after treatment with EGF-TKIs develop drug resistance, which is closely correlated with EMT. Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a natural product of the Chinese herb Cucurbitaceae plant, which has a favorable role in anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. However, the effect of CuB on EMT is still far from fully explored. In this study, the inhibition effect of CuB on EMT was investigated. METHODS In this study, TGF-β1 was used to induce EMT in A549 cells. MTS assay was used to detect the cell viability of CuB co-treated with TGF-β1. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to determine the migration and invasion capacity of cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope were used to detect the ROS level in cells. Western blotting assay and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the proteins expression. Gefitinib was used to establish EGF-TKI resistant NSCLC cells. B16-F10 intravenous injection mice model was used to evaluate the effect of CuB on lung cancer metastasis in vivo. Caliper IVIS Lumina and HE staining were used to detect the lung cancer metastasis of mice. RESULTS In this study, the results indicated that CuB inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells through reversing the cell morphology changes of EMT, increasing the protein expression of E-cadherin, decreasing the proteins expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, suppressing the migration and invasion ability. CuB also decreased the ROS production and p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR expression in TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells. Furthermore, Gefitinib resistant A549 cells (A549-GR) were well established, which has the EMT characteristics, and CuB could inhibit the EMT in A549-GR cells through ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. In vivo study showed that CuB inhibited the lung cancer metastasis effectively through intratracheal administration. CONCLUSION CuB inhibits EMT in TGF-β1-induced A549 cells and Gefitinib resistant A549 cells through decreasing ROS production and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo study validated that CuB inhibits lung cancer metastasis in mice. The study may be supporting CuB as a promising therapeutic agent for NSCLC and Gefitinib resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Qiumei Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Jia He
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
- South China Branch of National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Solid Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530020, China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
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Rivera-Concepcion J, Uprety D, Adjei AA. Challenges in the Use of Targeted Therapies in NSCLC. Cancer Res Treat 2022; 54:315-329. [PMID: 35209703 PMCID: PMC9016301 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2022.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology has fundamentally changed how we diagnose and treat cancer. In recent years, there has been a significant change in the management of patients with oncogene-addicted advanced-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Increasing amounts of identifiable oncogene drivers have led to the development of molecularly targeted drugs. Undoubtedly, the future of thoracic oncology is shifting toward increased molecular testing and the use of targeted therapies. For the most part, these novel drugs have proven to be safe and effective. As with all great innovations, targeted therapies pose unique challenges. Drug toxicities, resistance, access, and costs are some of the expected obstacles that will need to be addressed. This review highlights some of the major challenges in the use of targeted therapies in NSCLC and provides guidance for the future strategies.
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Long Non-coding RNA ZFPM2-AS1: A Novel Biomarker in the Pathogenesis of Human Cancers. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:725-742. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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69
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Milton AV, Konrad DB. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and H 2O 2 signaling - a driver of disease progression and a vulnerability in cancers. Biol Chem 2022; 403:377-390. [PMID: 35032422 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutation-selective drugs constitute a great advancement in personalized anticancer treatment with increased quality of life and overall survival in cancers. However, the high adaptability and evasiveness of cancers can lead to disease progression and the development of drug resistance, which cause recurrence and metastasis. A common characteristic in advanced neoplastic cancers is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is strongly interconnected with H2O2 signaling, increased motility and invasiveness. H2O2 relays its signal through the installation of oxidative posttranslational modifications on cysteines. The increased H2O2 levels that are associated with an EMT confer a heightened sensitivity towards the induction of ferroptosis as a recently discovered vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Milton
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus C, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - David B Konrad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus C, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2786567. [PMID: 35686230 PMCID: PMC9173898 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2786567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid intake exerts a protective effect on lung cancer, but its causal association with risk of lung cancer remains uncertain. This study attempts to clarify the causal effect of omega-3 fatty acids on lung cancer utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods This study acquired omega-3 fatty acid data from the UK Biobank and data of lung cancer patients from the Consortium and International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with omega-3 fatty acids were screened as instrumental variables (IVs) in line with the criteria of p < 5E - 8, linkage disequilibrium R 2 > 0.001 and distance < 10000 kb. Through inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, causal association between omega-3 fatty acids and risk of lung cancer was evaluated. Cochran's Q test was applied for a heterogeneity test. The pleiotropy and horizontal pleiotropy among IVs were evaluated via MR-Egger regression intercept analysis. Results Totally, 42 SNPs associated with omega-3 fatty acids were identified as IVs. According to the results of IVW (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990), p = 0.03), MR-Egger (OR (95% CI): 0.856 (0.750, 0.977), p = 0.026), weighted median (OR (95% CI): 0.899 (0.817, 0.990), p = 0.001), simple mode (OR (95% CI): 0.901 (-0.678, 1.199), p = 0.478), and weighted mode (OR (95% CI): 0.859 (0.782, 0.944), p = 0.003), omega-3 fatty acids showed a causal association with low risk of lung cancer. No genetic pleiotropy or horizontal pleiotropy was found according to MR-Egger regression intercept analysis. Conclusion Our findings provide sufficient evidence that omega-3 fatty acids are causal protective factors of lung cancer. Despite this, further work is required for elucidating the potential mechanisms.
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Ma Y, Zhang H. Genomics and Prognosis Analysis of N 6-Methyladenosine Regulators in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:746666. [PMID: 34956315 PMCID: PMC8697852 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.746666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in modulating various biological processes in human cancers. But the implication of m6A modification in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unclear. Hence, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression and clinical implication of m6A regulators in LUAD. Methods: Consensus clustering analysis of 502 LUAD samples in the TCGA dataset was presented based on the expression profiles of 20 m6A regulators using ConsensusClusterPlus package. Overall survival (OS), activation of signaling pathways and tumor immunity (immune/stromal score, tumor purity, expression of HLA and immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration) were compared between m6A modification patterns. The m6A-related genes between patterns were identified and prognostic m6A-related genes were imported into LASSO-cox regression analysis. The m6A risk score was developed and its prognostic implication was evaluated and externally verified in the GSE30219 and GSE72094 dataset. Furthermore, a nomogram that contained independent prognostic indicators was established, followed by external verification. Results: Two m6A modification patterns were clustered across LUAD based on the expression similarity of the m6A regulators via consensus clustering analysis, with distinct OS, activation of signaling pathways and tumor immunity. Totally, 213 m6A-related genes that were identified by comparing two patterns were significantly related to LUAD prognosis. By LASSO method, we constructed the m6A risk score that was a reliable and independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Patients with low m6A risk score displayed a prominent survival advantage. After incorporating independent clinical features, we developed the prognostic nomogram that exhibited high predictive accuracy and the best clinical net benefit for OS. Conclusion: Collectively, our study may provide a clinically useful tool for precise prognostic management and optimization of immunotherapeutic strategies for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Liu Q, Xiong J, Xu D, Hao N, Zhang Y, Sang Y, Wang Z, Zheng X, Min J, Diao H, Raphael J, Vareki SM, Koropatnick J, Min W. TdIF1-LSD1 Axis Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis via Histone Demethylation of E-Cadherin Promoter in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:250. [PMID: 35008676 PMCID: PMC8745707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that TdT-interacting factor 1 (TdIF1) is a potential oncogene expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with poor prognosis. However, its exact mechanism is still unclear. The lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a crucial mediator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important process triggered during cancer metastasis. Here, we confirm that TdIF1 is highly expressed in NSCLC and related to lymph node metastasis through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis of clinical samples. Silencing TdIF1 can regulate the expression of EMT-related factors and impair the migration and invasion ability of cancer cells in vitro. An analysis of tumor xenografts in nude mice confirmed that silencing TdIF1 inhibits tumor growth. Furthermore, we determined the interaction between TdIF1 and LSD1 using immunoprecipitation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that TdIF1 was enriched in the E-cadherin promoter region. The knockdown of TdIF1 repressed the enrichment of LSD1 at the E-cadherin promoter region, thereby regulating the level of promoter histone methylation and modulating E-cadherin transcription activity, ultimately leading to changes in EMT factors and cancer cell migration and invasion ability. The LSD1 inhibitor and TdIF1 knockdown combination showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Taken together, this is the first demonstration that TdIF1 regulates E-cadherin transcription by recruiting LSD1 to the promoter region, thereby promoting EMT and tumor metastasis and highlighting the potential of TdIF1 as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518054, China;
| | - Derong Xu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Nan Hao
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yi Sang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey Min
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Hong Diao
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Jacques Raphael
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Weiping Min
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
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73
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Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of KRAS G12C Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Models by Cotargeting the MAPK Pathway or HSP90. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:2721466. [PMID: 34858498 PMCID: PMC8632397 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2721466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background KRASG12C inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in early clinical trials, but drug resistance compromises their long-term benefits. Therefore, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance and to design appropriate combinatory treatments to improve efficacy. Methods To understand the comprehensive mechanisms of drug resistance, we treated lung cancer cells with KRASG12C inhibitors for different periods and performed transcriptional profiling and signaling analysis to identify critical factors and pathways that drive drug tolerance and resistance. We also evaluated several drug combinations in vitro and in vivo to identify potentially effective therapeutics. Results We found that the feedback activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) may have cooperatively induced intrinsic and adaptive resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors. Notably, continuous KRAS inhibition induced a multidrug-resistant phenotype, implying that upfront combinatory treatment might be required to treat this group of patients. We also demonstrated that concurrently targeting multiple nodes in the RTK/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK axis improved the efficacy of KRASG12C inhibitors, mainly by suppressing the reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Moreover, the combined use of HSP90 and KRASG12C inhibitors effectively induced tumor regression in lung adenocarcinoma models in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Together, our findings revealed mechanisms underlying KRASG12C inhibitors resistance and provided novel candidate combinatory strategies to improve their anticancer activity.
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Zheng S, Wu R, Deng Y, Zhang Q. Dihydroartemisinin represses oral squamous cell carcinoma progression through downregulating mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Bioengineered 2021; 13:227-241. [PMID: 34847839 PMCID: PMC8805845 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) exerts a carcinogenic effect in several cancers. Nevertheless, the roles of MCU in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain elusive. It has been reported that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) may suppress the progression of OSCC but its associated mechanisms have not been investigated. The purpose of our research was to observe the biological function of MCU on OSCC and its regulatory relationship with DHA. MCU, MICU1, MICU2, N-cadherin, TGF-β and vimentin expression was detected in OSCC and peritumoral tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Following DHA treatment, the expression of the aforementioned proteins was detected in CAL-27 cells transfected with shMCU or pcDNA3.1-MCU by Western blot or immunofluorescence. Furthermore, clone formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), wound healing and transwell assays were presented in CAL-27 cells treated with DHA, shMCU or pcDNA3.1-MCU. Our results showed that the members of MCU complex (MCU, MICU1 and MICU2) were overexpressed in OSCC than peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, TGF-β and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins (N-cadherin and vimentin) exhibited higher expression in OSCC. DHA treatment significantly lowered the expression of MCU in CAL-27 cells. MCU overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of DHA on MICU1, MICU2, N-cadherin, TGF-β and vimentin. MCU knockdown or DHA suppressed proliferation, MMP and migration of CAL-27 cells. DHA treatment could reverse the effects of MCU overexpression. Collectively, our study demonstrated that MCU was an oncogene of OSCC and DHA exerted a suppressive role on proliferation and migration of OSCC cells by suppressing MCU expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics and Prosthodontics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Ran Wu
- Department of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yunlong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics and Prosthodontics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Revealing the role of miRNA-489 as a new onco-suppressor factor in different cancers based on pre-clinical and clinical evidence. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:727-737. [PMID: 34562537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown to be potential therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic targets in disease therapy. These endogenous non-coding RNAs contribute to regulation of different cellular events that are necessary for maintaining physiological condition. Dysregulation of miRNAs is correlated with development of various pathological events such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. miRNA-489 is a new emerging miRNA and studies are extensively investigating its role in pathological conditions. Herein, potential function of miRNA-489 as tumor-suppressor in various cancers is described. miRNA-489 is able to sensitize cancer cells into chemotherapy by disrupting molecular pathways involved in cancer growth such as PI3K/Akt, and induction of apoptosis. The PROX1 and SUZ12 as oncogenic pathways, are affected by miRNA-489 in suppressing metastasis of cancer cells. Wnt/β-catenin as an oncogenic factor ensuring growth and malignancy of tumors is inhibited via miRNA-489 function. For enhancing drug sensitivity of tumors, restoring miRNA-489 expression is a promising strategy. The lncRNAs can modulate miRNA-489 expression in tumors and studies about circRNA role in miRNA-489 modulation should be performed. The expression level of miRNA-489 is a diagnostic tool for tumor detection. Besides, down-regulation of miRNA-489 in tumors provides unfavorable prognosis.
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76
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Hassanein SS, Ibrahim SA, Abdel-Mawgood AL. Cell Behavior of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Is at EGFR and MicroRNAs Hands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12496. [PMID: 34830377 PMCID: PMC8621388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease associated with gene mutations, particularly mutations of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the two major types of lung cancer. The former includes most lung cancers (85%) and are commonly associated with EGFR mutations. Several EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib, are effective therapeutic agents in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, their effectiveness is limited by the development (acquired) or presence of intrinsic drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators that play a profound role in the development and outcomes for NSCLC via their role as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. The regulatory role of miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk depends on EGFR signaling pathway, including Rat Sarcoma/Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT), Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-kB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Dysregulated expression of miRNAs affects sensitivity to treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Thus, abnormalities in miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in NSCLC. In this review, we present an overview of miRNA-dependent EGFR expression regulation, which modulates the behavior and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sayed Hassanein
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Ahmed Lotfy Abdel-Mawgood
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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Mondelo‐Macía P, García‐González J, León‐Mateos L, Anido U, Aguín S, Abdulkader I, Sánchez‐Ares M, Abalo A, Rodríguez‐Casanova A, Díaz‐Lagares Á, Lago‐Lestón RM, Muinelo‐Romay L, López‐López R, Díaz‐Peña R. Clinical potential of circulating free DNA and circulating tumour cells in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2923-2940. [PMID: 34465006 PMCID: PMC8564635 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, are revolutionizing therapeutic strategies for different cancer types, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a subset of patients benefits from this therapy, and new biomarkers are needed to select better candidates. In this study, we explored the value of liquid biopsy analyses, including circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumour cells (CTCs), as a prognostic or predictive tool to guide pembrolizumab therapy. For this purpose, a total of 109 blood samples were collected from 50 patients with advanced NSCLC prior to treatment onset and at 6 and 12 weeks after the initiation of pembrolizumab. Plasma cfDNA was measured using hTERT quantitative PCR assay. The CTC levels at baseline were also analysed using two enrichment technologies (CellSearch® and Parsortix systems) to evaluate the efficacy of both approaches at detecting the presence of programmed cell death ligand 1 on CTCs. Notably, patients with high baseline hTERT cfDNA levels had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with low baseline levels. Moreover, patients with unfavourable changes in the hTERT cfDNA levels from baseline to 12 weeks showed a higher risk of disease progression. Additionally, patients in whom CTCs were detected using the CellSearch® system had significantly shorter PFS and OS than patients who had no CTCs. Finally, multivariate regression analyses confirmed the value of the combination of CTCs and cfDNA levels as an early independent predictor of disease progression, identifying a subgroup of patients who were negative for CTCs, who presented low levels of cfDNA and who particularly benefited from the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mondelo‐Macía
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis UnitTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Jorge García‐González
- Department of Medical OncologyComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Luis León‐Mateos
- Department of Medical OncologyComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Urbano Anido
- Department of Medical OncologyComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Santiago Aguín
- Department of Medical OncologyComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ihab Abdulkader
- Department of PathologyComplexo Hospital Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - María Sánchez‐Ares
- Department of PathologyComplexo Hospital Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis UnitTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Aitor Rodríguez‐Casanova
- Cancer EpigenomicsTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Roche‐CHUS Joint UnitTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ángel Díaz‐Lagares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSantiago de CompostelaSpain
- Cancer EpigenomicsTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ramón Manuel Lago‐Lestón
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis UnitTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Laura Muinelo‐Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis UnitTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Rafael López‐López
- Department of Medical OncologyComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Roberto Díaz‐Peña
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis UnitTranslational Medical Oncology (Oncomet)Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSantiago de CompostelaSpain
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Yin Q, Luo H. Development and validation of genomic and epigenomic signatures associated with tumor immune microenvironment in hepatoblastoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1156. [PMID: 34711185 PMCID: PMC8555350 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to probe and verify aberrantly methylated and expressed genes in hepatoblastoma and to analyze their interactions with tumor immune microenvironment. Methods Aberrantly methylated and expressed genes were obtained by comprehensively analyzing gene expression and DNA methylation profiles from GSE81928, GSE75271 and GSE78732 datasets. Their biological functions were predicted by the STRING and Metascape databases. CIBERSORT was utilized for inferring the compositions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in each sample. Correlation between hub genes and immune cells was then analyzed. Hub genes were validated in hepatoblastoma tissues via western blot or immunohistochemistry. After transfection with sh-NOTUM, migration and invasion of HuH-6 and HepG2 cells were investigated. The nude mouse tumorigenesis model was constructed. Results Totally, 83 aberrantly methylated and expressed genes were determined in hepatoblastoma, which were mainly involved in metabolic and cancer-related pathways. Moreover, their expression was liver-specific. 13 hub genes were screened, which were closely related to immune cells in hepatoblastoma tissues. Among them, it was confirmed that AXIN2, LAMB1 and NOTUM were up-regulated and SERPINC1 was down-regulated in hepatoblastoma than normal tissues. NOTUM knockdown distinctly weakened migration and invasion of HuH-6 and HepG2 cells and tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions This study identified aberrantly methylated and expressed signatures that were in relation to immune microenvironment in hepatoblastoma. Targeting NOTUM hub gene could suppress migration and invasion of hepatoblastoma cells. Thus, these aberrantly methylated and expressed genes might act as therapeutic agents in hepatoblastoma therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08893-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
| | - Haiyan Luo
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Children's Hospital, No.86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
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79
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Jones CA, Hazlehurst LA. Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Modulating EMT in Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1200. [PMID: 34572386 PMCID: PMC8471317 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is essential for cells to perform numerous physiological processes. In cancer, the augmentation of calcium signaling supports the more proliferative and migratory cells, which is a characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). By genetically and epigenetically modifying genes, channels, and entire signaling pathways, cancer cells have adapted to survive with an extreme imbalance of calcium that allows them to grow and metastasize in an abnormal manner. This cellular remodeling also allows for the evasion of immune surveillance and the development of drug resistance, which lead to poor prognosis in patients. Understanding the role calcium flux plays in driving the phenotypes associated with invasion, immune suppression, metastasis, and drug resistance remains critical for determining treatments to optimize clinical outcomes and future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori A. Hazlehurst
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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80
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Ma Y, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Wang X, Miao Q, Lyu X, Cui B, Ma H. Dihydroartemisinin suppresses proliferation, migration, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT via TNKS in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:688. [PMID: 34457043 PMCID: PMC8358739 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this malignancy remain unclear and there are a lack of effective drugs. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) or inhibition of Tankyrases (TNKS), and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of TNKS, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess the viability of HGC-27 and AGS cells following treatment with different concentrations of HLY78 (a Wnt activator) or DHA. Following treatment with HLY78, DHA or small interfering (si)-TNKS1/si-TNKS2, colony formation and migratory abilities were assessed via the colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays. Furthermore, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of TNKS, EMT- and Wnt/β-catenin-related proteins. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of TNKS, AXI2, β-catenin, N-cadherin and Vimentin were upregulated, whereas E-cadherin expression was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, HLY78 and DHA suppressed the viability of HGC-27 and AGS cells, in a concentration-independent manner. Notably, TNKS knockdown or treatment with DHA suppressed colony formation, migration, TNKS expression, EMT and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Opposing effects were observed following treatment with HLY78, which were ameliorated following co-treatment with DHA. Taken together, these results suggest that DHA or inhibition of TNKS can suppress the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, which is partly associated with inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Pathology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Lyu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
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Targeting lncRNA PSMA3-AS1, a Prognostic Marker, Suppresses Malignant Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3138046. [PMID: 34457087 PMCID: PMC8397548 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3138046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most common maxillofacial malignancy. This study elucidated the clinicopathological value and molecular mechanisms of PSMA3 antisense RNA 1 (PSMA3-AS1) in OSCC. Methods Totally, 135 OSCC patients were recruited. PSMA3-AS1 expression and its prognostic value were assessed in this cohort. si-PSMA3-AS1 was transfected into HN4 and CAL-27 OSCC cells. Then, cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU staining. Migration and invasion were investigated through wound healing, transwell, and western blot. The PSMA3-AS1/miR-136-5p and miR-136-5p/FN1 interactions were validated by dual luciferase report, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blot. Results PSMA3-AS1 upregulation was determined in OSCC tissues. The upregulation indicated pessimistic patients' outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed PSMA3-AS1 as an independent prognostic indicator. Its upregulation was also found in OSCC cells. Under transfection with si-PSMA3-AS1, proliferation, migration, and invasion were all restrained in HN4 and CAL-27 OSCC cells. Furthermore, its knockdown induced the increase in E-cadherin expression and the reduction in N-cadherin and Vimentin expression. PSMA3-AS1 was a sponge of miR-136-5p. Mutual inhibition was found between two and the interactions were confirmed by dual luciferase report. It was confirmed that FN1 was a target of miR-136-5p. FN1 expression was increased by miR-136-5p inhibitors, which was lessened by si-PSMA3-AS1 cotransfection. Conclusion Collectively, PSMA3-AS1 as a risk factor facilitated malignant behaviors of OSCC cells, related to the miR-136-5p/FN1 axis. Hence, PSMA3-AS1 as a potential therapeutic target for OSCC deserved further exploration.
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Shen PW, Ho CT, Hsiao SH, Chou YT, Chang YC, Liu JJ. Disruption of Cytosolic Folate Integrity Aggravates Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Modulates Metastatic Properties in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168838. [PMID: 34445544 PMCID: PMC8396212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are susceptible to malnutrition and develop folate deficiency (FD). We previously found that folate deprivation induces drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma; here, we assessed whether disrupted cytoplasmic folate metabolism could mimic FD-induced metastasis and affect the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). We examined whether cytosolic folate metabolism in NSCLC cells was disrupted by FD or the folate metabolism blocker pemetrexed for 1–4 weeks. Our results revealed an increase in NF-κB overexpression–mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers: N-cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), SOX9, and SLUG. This finding suggests that the disruption of folate metabolism can drastically enhance the metastatic properties of NSCLC cells. Cytosolic FD also affected EGFR-TKI cytotoxicity toward NSCLC cells. Because SLUG and N-cadherin are resistance effectors against gefitinib, the effects of SLUG knockdown in folate antagonist–treated CL1-0 cells were evaluated. SLUG knockdown prevented SLUG/NF-κB/SOX9-mediated invasiveness and erlotinib resistance acquisition and significantly reduced pemetrexed-induced gelatinase activity and MMP gene expression. To summarize, our data reveal two unprecedented adverse effects of folate metabolism disruption in NSCLC cells. Thus, the folic acid status of patients with NSCLC under treatment can considerably influence their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wen Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Te Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jen Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661
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Inhibitors Targeting CDK9 Show High Efficacy against Osimertinib and AMG510 Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153906. [PMID: 34359807 PMCID: PMC8345430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of all lung cancer cases. While a subset of non-small cell lung cancer patients respond to immunotherapy, those who are treated with chemotherapy or targeted therapy develop resistance to the drugs. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to combat this disease. Here we show that inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 are highly effective in preventing the growth of a variety of lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer organoids with high potency. These inhibitors suppressed the expression of several genes like Sox2, Sox9, and Mcl1 that promote tumor growth, facilitating growth arrest. Since inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 are undergoing clinical trials for hematological malignancies, our studies suggest that these inhibitors would be attractive candidates to combat non-small cell lung cancer. Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer has a 5-year survival rate of less than 12–15%, calling for the development of additional therapeutic strategies to combat this disease. Here we tested the efficacy of inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) on lung cancer cell lines with K-Ras and EGFR mutations and on lung cancer organoids. Three different CDK9 inhibitors reduced the viability and anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cell lines at very low nanomolar to micromolar concentrations. CDK9 inhibition suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl1, as well as the embryonic stem cell transcription factors, Sox2 and Sox9, which are pro-tumorigenic. In contrast, treatment with CDK9 inhibitors increased the levels of WT p53 and its downstream target p21 in K-Ras mutant cell lines. Furthermore, the CDK9 inhibitors could markedly reduce the viability of Osimertinib-resistant PC9 and AMG510-resistant H23 and H358 cells with comparable efficacy as the parental cells. CDK9 inhibitors could also significantly reduce the growth and viability of lung cancer organoids with high potency. Taken together, the data presented here strongly suggest that CDK9 inhibitors would be efficacious against K-Ras mutant and EGFR mutant NSCLCs, including those that develop resistance to targeted therapies.
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Elumalai P, Ezhilarasan D, Raghunandhakumar S. Quercetin Inhibits the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition through Suppressing Akt Mediated Nuclear Translocation of β-Catenin in Lung Cancer Cell Line. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1894-1906. [PMID: 34338101 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a first leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Quercetin (QUE) has chemo-preventive effect against a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of QUE mediated inhibition of cancer cell migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not clear in lung cancer. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of QUE on EMT and metastasis of lung cancer cell line (A549). The MTT assay, scratch wound healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay performed to assess the cell viability and migration potential of lung cancer cells after treatment with different concentration of QUE. Further, chemokines gene expression was analyzed by qPCR and EMT markers were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. QUE inhibits cell viability in a dose-dependent (10-80 μM) manner both at 24 and 48 h treatment. The Akt/MAPK/β-catenin and EMT marker protein expressions were decreased significantly, whereas TIMP-2 expression was increased upon QUE treatment. QUE inhibits cell migration and invasion of A-549 cells. In addition, Immunocytochemistry result showed that QUE can reduce nuclear translocalisation of β-catenin in A549 cells. Our results suggest that QUE can inhibit the metastatic potential in lung cancer by altering the Akt/MAPK/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Elumalai
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Subramanian Raghunandhakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
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Oren Y, Tsabar M, Cuoco MS, Amir-Zilberstein L, Cabanos HF, Hütter JC, Hu B, Thakore PI, Tabaka M, Fulco CP, Colgan W, Cuevas BM, Hurvitz SA, Slamon DJ, Deik A, Pierce KA, Clish C, Hata AN, Zaganjor E, Lahav G, Politi K, Brugge JS, Regev A. Cycling cancer persister cells arise from lineages with distinct programs. Nature 2021; 596:576-582. [PMID: 34381210 PMCID: PMC9209846 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-genetic mechanisms have recently emerged as important drivers of cancer therapy failure1, where some cancer cells can enter a reversible drug-tolerant persister state in response to treatment2. Although most cancer persisters remain arrested in the presence of the drug, a rare subset can re-enter the cell cycle under constitutive drug treatment. Little is known about the non-genetic mechanisms that enable cancer persisters to maintain proliferative capacity in the presence of drugs. To study this rare, transiently resistant, proliferative persister population, we developed Watermelon, a high-complexity expressed barcode lentiviral library for simultaneous tracing of each cell's clonal origin and proliferative and transcriptional states. Here we show that cycling and non-cycling persisters arise from different cell lineages with distinct transcriptional and metabolic programs. Upregulation of antioxidant gene programs and a metabolic shift to fatty acid oxidation are associated with persister proliferative capacity across multiple cancer types. Impeding oxidative stress or metabolic reprogramming alters the fraction of cycling persisters. In human tumours, programs associated with cycling persisters are induced in minimal residual disease in response to multiple targeted therapies. The Watermelon system enabled the identification of rare persister lineages that are preferentially poised to proliferate under drug pressure, thus exposing new vulnerabilities that can be targeted to delay or even prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Oren
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Tsabar
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S. Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Heidie F. Cabanos
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan-Christian Hütter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bomiao Hu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pratiksha I. Thakore
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Current address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcin Tabaka
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Current address: Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Brandon M. Cuevas
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara A. Hurvitz
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis J. Slamon
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Clary Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron N. Hata
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Galit Lahav
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Departments of Pathology (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joan S. Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, USA,Ludwig Center at Harvard
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. .,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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86
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Yu L, Cao S, Li J, Han B, Zhong H, Zhong R. Prognostic value and immune infiltration of a novel stromal/immune score-related P2RY12 in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107734. [PMID: 34175738 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence highlights the clinical implications of P2RY12 that belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors in carcinogenesis. Here, this study was designed to explore the associations between P2RY12 and tumor immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS Based on 352 LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), stromal and immune scores of each sample were estimated by ESTIMATE algorithm. Differential expression analysis was presented between stromal/immune high- and low-score groups. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was then constructed by STRING database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to screen prognosis-related factors. Co-expressed genes of P2RY12 were analyzed, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the correlation between P2RY12 and immune cell infiltrations was estimated using the TIMER database. P2RY12 expression was validated between 37 pairs of LUAD and normal tissues using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After overexpressing P2RY12, the proliferation and migration of A549 cells was detected by CCK-8 and scratch test. RESULTS 145 up- and 102 down-regulated stromal- and immune-related mRNAs were identified for LUAD. Based on 145 up-regulated mRNAs, a PPI network was conducted, consisting of 95 nodes and 210 relationship pairs. Ten hub genes were then identified. Among them, CCR8, CNR2, CXCR5, GPR18, GPR31 and P2RY12 were in association with overall survival of patients with LUAD. After adjusting other variables, P2RY12 expression was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. 288 co-expressed genes of P2RY12 were determined and these co-expressed genes were primarily involved in immune-related biological processes or pathways. Moreover, P2RY12 was significantly correlated with M2 macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration. After validation, P2RY12 expression was significantly decreased in LUAD than normal tissues. Its overexpression distinctly suppressed proliferation and migration of A549 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that P2RY12 is an immune infiltration-related prognostic marker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuhui Cao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang H, Steed A, Co M, Chen X. Cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ATP and their roles in drug resistance in cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:684-709. [PMID: 34322664 PMCID: PMC8315560 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) state and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation are tightly interconnected. Cancer cells that acquire the EMT/CSC phenotype are equipped with adaptive metabolic changes to maintain low reactive oxygen species levels and stemness, enhanced drug transporters, anti-apoptotic machinery and DNA repair system. Factors present in the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and the communication with non-cancer stromal cells also promote cancer cells to enter the EMT/CSC state and display related resistance. ATP, particularly the high levels of intratumoral extracellular ATP functioning through both signaling pathways and ATP internalization, induces and regulates EMT and CSC. The three of them work together to enhance drug resistance. New findings in each of these factors will help us explore deeper into mechanisms of drug resistance and suggest new resistance-associated markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Alexander Steed
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Milo Co
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Antioral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Effects of Carvacrol via Inhibiting Inflammation, Proliferation, and Migration Related to Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6616547. [PMID: 34212035 PMCID: PMC8211494 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6616547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Carvacrol on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and dissect underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Keap1/Nrf2, NALP3, Vimentin, and E-cadherin expression was detected in OSCC and normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissues using immunofluorescence or western blot. When treated with Carvacrol or tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) that activates Nrf2, the expression of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related proteins, and NALP3 was examined in OSCC cells. Nrf2 was silenced by treatment with sh-Nrf2 or ML385. After silencing Nrf2 or Carvacrol treatment, cell proliferation and migration were assessed by clone formation and scratch and transwell tests in OSCC cells. Moreover, the expression of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1, EMT-related proteins, and NALP3 was detected. Results Keap1/Nrf2, NALP3, Vimentin, and E-cadherin proteins were all significantly upregulated in OSCC than NOM tissues. Carvacrol significantly suppressed Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 activation. Carvacrol or silencing Nrf2 markedly inhibited the expression of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1, EMT-related proteins, and NALP3 inflammasome in OSCC cells. Furthermore, clone formation and migration capacities were suppressed following treatment with Carvacrol or Nrf2 depletion. The opposite results were found when there is overexpression of Nrf2. However, Carvacrol distinctly improved the cancer-promoting effect induced by Nrf2 overexpression. Conclusion Our findings suggested that Carvacrol ameliorated inflammation, proliferation, and migration for OSCC, which was related to inhibition of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.
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89
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Qin Q, Li X, Liang X, Zeng L, Wang J, Sun L, Zhong D. Targeting the EMT transcription factor Snail overcomes resistance to osimertinib in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1708-1715. [PMID: 33943009 PMCID: PMC8169301 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance mechanism of the third generation of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib is complex. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a common mechanism of EGFR-TKI acquired resistance. Snail is an important transcription factor related to EMT. Whether targeting Snail can reverse the resistance of osimertinib by downregulating Snail is unknown. METHODS The presence of EMT in H1975/OR (osimertinib resistance) cells was confirmed by transwell assay. To explore the EMT role in resistance, the expression levels of EMT markers were detected in both parental cells H1975 and resistant cells H1975OR. We used RNA interference technology to knockdown the key regulator Snail in resistant cells. After the interference efficiency was confirmed, changes in EMT-related molecules of Snail were explicitly downregulated, and changes in sensitivity and migration and invasion ability were also examined. We used CDK4/6 inhibitor to test the ability of reversing drug resistance by downregulating Snail. RESULTS Compared with the H1975 cell line, the H1975/OR resistant cell line showed increased invasiveness, upregulated expression of vimentin and downregulation of E-cadherin. EMT occurred in the H1975/OR resistant cell line. The expression of Snail was upregulated in the osimertinib-resistant cell line H1975/OR. Knockdown of Snail increased the sensitivity of H1975/OR cells to osimertinib. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib could downregulate the expression of Snail. CDK 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib combined with osimertinib could reverse the resistance of osimertinib in H1975/OR. CONCLUSIONS Snail plays an important role in the third generation of EGFR-TKI osimertinib resistance, which may be reversed by downregulating Snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Qin
- Department of OncologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina,Tianjin Lung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Phase I clinical trail Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xingmei Liang
- Department of OncologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina,Tianjin Lung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Lili Zeng
- Department of OncologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina,Tianjin Lung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Lung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Linlin Sun
- Tianjin Lung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Department of OncologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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90
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Xiang Y, Zou X, Shi H, Xu X, Wu C, Zhong W, Wang J, Zhou W, Zeng X, He M, Wang Y, Huang L, Wang X. Elastic Net Models Based on DNA Copy Number Variations Predicts Clinical Features, Expression Signatures, and Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:668040. [PMID: 34135942 PMCID: PMC8202527 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the precision medicine of lung adenocarcinoma, the identification and prediction of tumor phenotypes for specific biomolecular events are still not studied in depth. Various earlier researches sheds light on the close correlation between genetic expression signatures and DNA copy number variations (CNVs), for which analysis of CNVs provides valuable information about molecular and phenotypic changes in tumorigenesis. In this study, we propose a comprehensive analysis combining genome-wide association analysis and an Elastic Net Regression predictive model, focus on predicting the levels of many gene expression signatures in lung adenocarcinoma, based upon DNA copy number features alone. Additionally, we predicted many other key phenotypes, including clinical features (pathological stage), gene mutations, and protein expressions. These Elastic Net prediction methods can also be applied to other gene sets, thereby facilitating their use as biomarkers in monitoring therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huaqiu Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Mo W, Yang Z. Human/eukaryotic ribosomal protein L14 (RPL14/eL14) overexpression represses proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2175-2186. [PMID: 34057029 PMCID: PMC8806664 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1932225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although human/eukaryotic ribosomal protein L14 (RPL14/eL14) is known to be associated with a variety of cancers, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of RPL14(eL14) in NPC. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemical staining revealed that the expression of RPL14(eL14) significantly reduced in NPC tissues and cells. Furthermore, the protein expression of RPL14(eL14) was linked to NPC-related clinical pathological features, including the T and N classification of Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging (all p < 0.05). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay revealed that RPL14(eL14) overexpression repressed NPC cell proliferation. In cell cycle assay, RPL14(eL14) overexpression significantly blocked NPC cells in S phase. Overexpression of RPL14(eL14) repressed cell migration and invasion in NPC as shown by transwell assay and cell scratch healing assay. In addition, RPL14(eL14) was closely correlated with the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin as detected by western blot. In conclusion, our results revealed that RPL14(eL14) may be considered as an antioncogene in NPC, which greatly suppresses cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wuning Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Wu Y, Gao W, Liu H. Role of metabolic reprogramming in drug resistance to epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:545-551. [PMID: 34148892 PMCID: PMC10930213 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) can effectively inhibit the growth of EGFR-dependent mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, NSCLC patients often develop severe drug resistance after long-term EGFR-TKI treatment. Studies have shown that the disorder of energy metabolism in tumor cells can induce EGFR-TKI resistance. Due to the drug action, gene mutation and other factors, tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, which increases the metabolic rate and intensity of tumor cells, promotes the intake and synthesis of nutrients (such as sugar, fat and glutamine), forms a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth, enhances the bypass activation, phenotype transformation and abnormal proliferation of tumor cells, and inhibits the activity of immune cells and apoptosis of tumor cells, ultimately leading to drug resistance of tumor cells to EGFR-TKI. Therefore, targeting energy metabolism of NSCLC may be a potential way to alleviate TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Biochemical Drugs Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Biochemical Drugs Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Provincial Biochemical Drugs Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu Anhui 233030, China.
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Yi Q, Liu Z, Zhang K, Liu X, Wang L, Geng B, Xia Y. The role of long non-coding RNA BCAR4 in human cancers. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1301-1309. [PMID: 34041673 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA with length of nucleotides > 200 bp. Increasing evidences show that lncRNA breast cancer antiestrogen resistance 4 (BCAR4) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various human cancers. It is found that BCAR4 is highly expressed in diverse tumor tissues and cells, and the high expression of BCAR4 is usually associated with poor prognosis. BCAR4 is considered as an oncogene in human cancers. By competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism and regulating different signaling pathways, BCAR4 participates in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and tumorigenesis of different cancers. In addition, overexpression of BCAR4 promotes drug resistance of tumor cells. Therefore, BCAR4 is a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and it is a potential target for cancer therapy. This paper reviews studies focusing on the relationship between BCAR4 and cancers in recent years and aims to summarize the effect and mechanism of BCAR4 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedic Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedic Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedic Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedic Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedic Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedic Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Orthopaedic Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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94
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Che X, Hou K, Wu J, Zheng C, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Zhang J. Integrin α5 promotes migration and invasion through the FAK/STAT3/AKT signaling pathway in icotinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:556. [PMID: 34084223 PMCID: PMC8161469 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) ultimately develop drug resistance and metastasis. Therefore, there is a need to identify the underlying mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-TKIs. In the present study, colony formation and MTT assays were performed to investigate cell viability following treatment with icotinib. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were used to identify genes associated with resistance. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion with icotinib treatment and integrin α5-knockdown. The expression levels of integrin α5 and downstream genes were detected using western blotting. Stable icotinib-resistant (IcoR) cell lines (827/IcoR and PC9/IcoR) were established that showed enhanced malignant properties compared with parental cells (HCC827 and PC9). Furthermore, the resistant cell lines were resistant to icotinib in terms of proliferation, migration and invasion. The enrichment of function and signaling pathways analysis showed that integrin α5-upregulation was associated with the development of icotinib resistance. The knockdown of integrin α5 attenuated the migration and invasion capability of the resistant cells. Moreover, a combination of icotinib and integrin α5 siRNA significantly inhibited migration and partly restored icotinib sensitivity in IcoR cells. The expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p-STAT3 and p-AKT decreased after knockdown of integrin α5, suggesting that FAK/STAT3/AKT signaling had a notable effect on the resistant cells. The present study revealed that the integrin α5/FAK/STAT3/AKT signaling pathway promoted icotinib resistance and malignancy in IcoR NSCLC cells. This signaling pathway may provide promising targets against acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yizhe Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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95
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Zhang M, Wang R, Tian J, Song M, Zhao R, Liu K, Zhu F, Shim JH, Dong Z, Lee MH. Targeting LIMK1 with luteolin inhibits the growth of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5560-5571. [PMID: 33982869 PMCID: PMC8184676 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. LIM domain kinase (LIMK) 1 is a member of serine/threonine kinase family and highly expressed in various cancers. Luteolin, a polyphenolic plant flavonoid, has been reported to suppress tumour proliferation through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via MAPK activation in glioma. However, the mechanism of luteolin on suppressing lung cancer growth is still unclear. We found that luteolin targeted LIMK1 from the in silico screening and significantly inhibited the LIMK1 kinase activity, which was confirmed with pull‐down binding assay and computational docking models. Treatment with luteolin inhibited lung cancer cells anchorage‐independent colony growth and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Luteolin also decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and increased the levels of cleaved caspase‐3 by down‐regulating LIMK1 signalling related targets, including p‐LIMK and p‐cofilin. Furthermore, luteolin suppressed the lung cancer patient‐derived xenograft tumour growth by decreasing Ki‐67, p‐LIMK and p‐cofilin expression in vivo. Taken together, these results provide insight into the mechanism that underlies the anticancer effects of luteolin on lung cancer, which involved in down‐regulation of LIMK1 and its interaction with cofilin. It also provides valuable evidence for translation towards lung cancer clinical trials with luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Tian
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Song
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Republic of Korea
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96
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Tripathi SK, Biswal BK. SOX9 promotes epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance via targeting β-catenin and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. Life Sci 2021; 277:119608. [PMID: 33989664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), gefitinib, continues to be a primary treatment option for lung cancer patients. However, acquisition of resistance to gefitinib is a major obstacle in lung cancer treatment and its cause is poorly understood. The present study aimed to implicate the role of SOX9-β-catenin in developed resistance to gefitinib through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer in vitro and ex vivo. MAIN METHODS Expression effect of SOX9 on survivability of lung cancer patients was demonstrated through online available Kaplan-Meier Plotter data base. Then, cell viability assay, colony forming assay, cell migration and invasion assays, flow cytometry, drug efflux assay, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were conducted to confirmed the role of SOX9 in gefitinib resistance in lung cancer cells. Dual-luciferase assay established the regulatory relation between SOX9 and β-catenin. Multicellular spheroid assay further explored that down regulation of SOX9 could reverse gefitinib resistance ex vivo. KEY FINDINGS Kaplan-Meier method correlated the higher expression of SOX9 and β-catenin with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients. Upregulation of SOX9 was associated gefitinib resistance with increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, single-cell colony-forming ability, reduced apoptosis, and gefitinib intake in lung cancer cells. Moreover, upregulated SOX9 promoted EMT via targeting β-catenin and knockdown of SOX9 reversed the resistance and EMT phenotype. Similarly, we found that multicellular spheroid of gefitinib resistant cells showed larger surface area with more dispersion and viability of cells, while SOX9 knockdown abolished these induced properties ex vivo. SIGNIFICANCE SOX9 expression could provide an innovative perspective as biomarker to understand the EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh Kumar Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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97
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SATB1 protein is associated with the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition process in non‑small cell lung cancers. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:118. [PMID: 33955522 PMCID: PMC8107643 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms and the leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Its predominant subtype is non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for over 80% of the cases. Surprisingly, the majority of lung cancer‑related deaths are caused not by a primary tumour itself, but by its metastasis to distant organs. Therefore, it becomes especially important to identify the factors involved in lung cancer metastatic spread. Special AT‑rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a nuclear matrix protein that mediates chromatin looping and plays the role of global transcriptional regulator. During the past decade, it has received much attention as a factor promoting tumour invasion. In breast, colorectal and prostate cancers, SATB1 has been shown to influence the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which is thought to be crucial for cancer metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible correlations between the expression of SATB1 and major EMT‑associated proteins in NSCLC clinical samples. Additionally, the impact of EMT induction in NSCLC cell lines on SATB1 mRNA expression was also investigated. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of SATB1, SNAIL, SLUG, Twist1, E‑cadherin, and N‑cadherin in 242 lung cancer clinical samples. EMT was induced by TGF‑β1 treatment in the A549 and NCI‑H1703 lung cancer cell lines. Changes in gene expression profiles were analyzed using real‑time PCR and Droplet Digital PCR. SATB1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of SNAIL (R=0.129; P=0.045), SLUG (R=0.449; P<0.0001), and Twist1 (R=0.264; P<0.0001). Moreover, SATB1 expression significantly increased after in vitro EMT induction in A549 and NCI‑H1703 cell lines. The results obtained may point to the role of SATB1 as one of the regulators of EMT in NSCLC.
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98
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Kitata RB, Choong WK, Tsai CF, Lin PY, Chen BS, Chang YC, Nesvizhskii AI, Sung TY, Chen YJ. A data-independent acquisition-based global phosphoproteomics system enables deep profiling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2539. [PMID: 33953186 PMCID: PMC8099862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoproteomics can provide insights into cellular signaling dynamics. To achieve deep and robust quantitative phosphoproteomics profiling for minute amounts of sample, we here develop a global phosphoproteomics strategy based on data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry and hybrid spectral libraries derived from data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and DIA data. Benchmarking the method using 166 synthetic phosphopeptides shows high sensitivity (<0.1 ng), accurate site localization and reproducible quantification (~5% median coefficient of variation). As a proof-of-concept, we use lung cancer cell lines and patient-derived tissue to construct a hybrid phosphoproteome spectral library covering 159,524 phosphopeptides (88,107 phosphosites). Based on this library, our single-shot streamlined DIA workflow quantifies 36,350 phosphosites (19,755 class 1) in cell line samples within two hours. Application to drug-resistant cells and patient-derived lung cancer tissues delineates site-specific phosphorylation events associated with resistance and tumor progression, showing that our workflow enables the characterization of phosphorylation signaling with deep coverage, high sensitivity and low between-run missing values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai-Kok Choong
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shiun Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chien Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Ting-Yi Sung
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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99
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Ren R, Du Y, Niu X, Zang R. ZFPM2-AS1 transcriptionally mediated by STAT1 regulates thyroid cancer cell growth, migration and invasion via miR-515-5p/TUSC3. J Cancer 2021; 12:3393-3406. [PMID: 33976749 PMCID: PMC8100800 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our purpose was to study the roles and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZFPM2 Antisense RNA 1 (ZFPM2-AS1) in thyroid cancer. Methods: Firstly, the expression of ZFPM2-AS1, miR-515-5p and TUSC3 was detected in thyroid cancer tissues and cells. Secondary, their biological functions (proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion) were analyzed by a serious of functional experiments including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), wound healing and Transwell assays. Thirdly, the mechanisms of STAT1/ZFPM2-AS1 and ZFPM2-AS1/miR-515-5p/TUSC were validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP), pull-down and luciferase reporter assays. Results: ZFPM2-AS1 and TUSC were both highly expressed and miR-515-5p was down-regulated in thyroid cancer tissues as well as cells. Their knockdown weakened thyroid cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. ZFPM2-AS1 was mainly distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of thyroid cancer cells. Mechanistically, up-regulation of ZFPM2-AS1 was induced by transcription factor STAT1 in line with CHIP and luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, as a sponge of miR-515-5p, ZFPM2-AS1 decreased the ability of miR-515-5p to inhibit TUSC3 expression by pull-down, luciferase reporter and gain-and-loss assays, thereby promoting malignant progression of thyroid cancer. Conclusion: ZFPM2-AS1 acted as an oncogene in thyroid cancer, which was transcriptionally mediated by STAT1. Furthermore, ZFPM2-AS1 weakened the inhibitory effect of miR-515-5p on TUSC3. Thus, ZFPM2-AS1 could be an underlying biomarker for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanna Du
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Niu
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Rukun Zang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
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100
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Ou Y, Deng Y, Wang H, Zhang Q, Luo H, Hu P. Targeting Antisense lncRNA PRKAG2-AS1, as a Therapeutic Target, Suppresses Malignant Behaviors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649279. [PMID: 33928106 PMCID: PMC8076551 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increasing evidence highlights antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as promising therapeutic targets for cancers. Herein, this study focused on the clinical implications and functions of a novel antisense lncRNA PRKAG2-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: PRKAG2-AS1 expression was examined in a cohort of 138 HCC patients by RT-qPCR. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses were presented based on PRKAG2-AS1 expression, followed by ROCs. After silencing PRKAG2-AS1, cell proliferation was assessed via CCK-8, colony formation and EdU staining assays. Migrated and invasive capacities were assessed by wound healing and transwell assays. The relationships between PRKAG2-AS1, miR-502-3p and BICD2 were validated by luciferase reporter, RIP and RNA pull-down assays. The expression and prognostic value of BICD2 were analyzed in TCGA database. Results: PRKAG2-AS1 was up-regulated in HCC than normal tissue specimens. High PRKAG2-AS1 expression was indicative of poorer OS and DFS time. Area under the curves (AUCs) for OS and DFS were 0.8653 and 0.7891, suggesting the well predictive efficacy of PRKAG2-AS1 expression. Targeting PRKAG2-AS1 distinctly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cells. PRKAG2-AS1 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm of HCC cells. PRKAG2-AS1 may directly bind to the sites of miR-502-3p. Up-regulation of BICD2 was found in HCC tissues and associated with unfavorable prognosis. BICD2 was confirmed to be a downstream target of miR-502-3p. PRKAG2-AS1 could regulate miR-502-3p/BICD2 axis. Conclusion: Our findings identified a novel lncRNA PRKAG2-AS1 that was associated with clinical implications and malignant behaviors. Thus, PRKAG2-AS1 could become a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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