51
|
Fujie S, Hasegawa N, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Maeda S, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA, Iemitsu M. Increased serum salusin-α by aerobic exercise training correlates with improvements in arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1201-1212. [PMID: 31918410 PMCID: PMC7053613 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes arterial stiffening which can be mitigated by increased physical activity. Although low circulating levels of salusin-α are associated with cardiovascular disease, whether salusin-α decreases with aging and whether the reduced arterial stiffening occurring with exercise training is associated with increased serum salusin-α is unknown. Herein we assessed carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures in a cross-sectional study that compared young (20-39-year-old, n=45) versus middle-aged and older (40-80-year-old, n=60) subjects. We also performed an interventional study in which 36 young and 40 middle-aged and older subjects underwent eight weeks of aerobic exercise training. In the cross-sectional study, serum salusin-α levels were lesser in middle-aged and older subjects compared to young individuals and negatively correlated with age, SBP, DBP, or cfPWV. In the interventional study, exercise training increased serum salusin-α in middle-aged and older subjects. Notably, negative correlations were noted between the exercise training-induced changes in serum salusin-α and cfPWV, SBP and DBP. Results indicate that advanced age associates with low circulating salusin-α, the levels of which can be augmented by exercise training. Importantly, increased serum salusin-α with exercise correlates with improvements in arterial stiffness and a reduction in blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Foote K, Bennett MR. Molecular insights into vascular aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3647-3649. [PMID: 30521484 PMCID: PMC6326650 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chen W, Tian B, Liang J, Yu S, Zhou Y, Li S. Matrix stiffness regulates the interactions between endothelial cells and monocytes. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119362. [PMID: 31442696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) serve as a barrier between circulating blood and the blood vessel wall. The recruitment and adhesion of monocytes to ECs play a critical role in the initiation of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The functions of ECs are not only regulated by biochemical factors but also hemodynamic forces and matrix stiffness. The deposition of lipids and cholesterol in intima and the aging process may result in the change of stiffness in blood vessels. However, how matrix stiffness influences EC-monocyte interactions is not well understood. Here we investigated the effects of matrix stiffness on the chemotactic migration and adhesion of monocytes to ECs. ECs cultured on either soft (8 kPa) matrix or stiff (40 kPa) matrix had more chemotactic effect on monocytes compared to those on 20 kPa matrix. Moreover, monocyte adhesion exhibited a similar pattern, which was correlated with the expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Interestingly, miR-126 and miR-222 showed a reverse expression pattern of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 respectively. By inhibiting miR-126 and miR-222, the effect of matrix stiffness on monocyte adhesion was abolished, suggesting that the expression of miR-126 (targeting VCAM-1) and miR-222 (targeting ICAM-1) mediated the stiffness effect on the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. These findings shed lights on how matrix stiffness regulates the interactions of ECs and monocytes and advance our understanding on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and aging. This work provides a rational basis for vascular tissue engineering, disease modeling and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxiang Tian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyue Yu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Tian B, Ding X, Song Y, Chen W, Liang J, Yang L, Fan Y, Li S, Zhou Y. Matrix stiffness regulates SMC functions via TGF-β signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119407. [PMID: 31442697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness change of the vessel wall is involved in many pathological processes of the blood vessel. However, how stiffness changes regulate vascular cell phenotype is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of matrix stiffness on the phenotype and functions of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). SMCs were cultured on the matrices with the stiffness between 1 and 100 kPa. The expression of contractile markers calponin-1 (CNN1) and smoothelin (SMTN) increased with stiffness; in contrast, the expression of synthetic markers osteopontin (OPN) and epiregulin (EREG) were the highest on the soft surface (1 kPa). In addition, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) was significantly upregulated on 1-kPa surface. Consistently, the stiffness of atherosclerotic lesions in human arteries decreased by up to 10 folds compared to normal area (>40 kPa), which was accompanied by a decrease of CNN1 expression and collagen content and an increase of OPN and MMP-2 in the area of lipid deposition. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 increased with matrix stiffness; when TGF-β signaling pathway was inhibited, the stiffness effects on the SMCs were reversed. Our findings suggest that matrix stiffness regulates SMC phenotype and matrix remodeling through TGF-β signal pathway. This study unravels a mechanobiological mechanism in vascular remodeling, and will help us develop strategies for vascular tissue engineering, disease modeling and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Tian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xili Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Song
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Weicong Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zhu Y, Qu J, He L, Zhang F, Zhou Z, Yang S, Zhou Y. Calcium in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Elasticity and Adhesion: Novel Insights Into the Mechanism of Action. Front Physiol 2019; 10:852. [PMID: 31440163 PMCID: PMC6693425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the arterial wall. These cells play a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis including vasoconstriction and vasodilatation through active contraction and relaxation. Dysregulation of VSMC function alters the response of blood vessels to mechanical stress, contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and hypertension. The stiffness of VSMCs is a major regulator of vascular function. Previous studies suggest that intracellular Ca2+ controls the stiffness of VSMCs by a mechanism involving myosin contractile apparatus. More recent studies highlight important functions of cytoskeletal α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), α5β1 integrin, and integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in Ca2+-dependent regulation of VSMC stiffness and adhesion to the ECM, providing novel insights into the mechanism of calcium action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jing Qu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Touyz RM, Alves-Lopes R, Rios FJ, Camargo LL, Anagnostopoulou A, Arner A, Montezano AC. Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:529-539. [PMID: 29394331 PMCID: PMC5852517 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined in large part by reduced vascular diameter due to increased vascular contraction and arterial remodelling. These processes are regulated by complex-interacting systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, immune activation, and oxidative stress, which influence vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and in pathological conditions undergo phenotypic changes from a contractile to a proliferative state. Vascular smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), promoting actin–myosin cross-bridge formation. Growing evidence indicates that contraction is also regulated by calcium-independent mechanisms involving RhoA-Rho kinase, protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, reactive oxygen species, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of immune/inflammatory pathways and non-coding RNAs are also emerging as important regulators of vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca2+]i not only determines the contractile state but also influences activity of many calcium-dependent transcription factors and proteins thereby impacting the cellular phenotype and function. Perturbations in vascular smooth muscle cell signalling and altered function influence vascular reactivity and tone, important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. Here, we discuss mechanisms regulating vascular reactivity and contraction in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and highlight some new advances in the field, focusing specifically on hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia L Camargo
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
Arterial aging engages a plethora of key signalling pathways that act in concert to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic changes leading to vascular degeneration and extracellular matrix degradation responsible for alterations of the mechanical properties of the vascular wall. This review highlights proof-of-concept examples of components of the extracellular matrix, VSMC receptors which connect extracellular and intracellular structures, and signalling pathways regulating changes in mechanotransduction and vascular homeostasis in aging. Furthermore, it provides a new framework for understanding how VSMC stiffness and adhesion to extracellular matrix contribute to arterial stiffness and how interactions with endothelial cells, platelets, and immune cells can regulate vascular aging. The identification of the key players of VSMC changes operating in large and small-sized arteries in response to increased mechanical load may be useful to better elucidate the causes and consequences of vascular aging and associated progression of hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, U1116, Faculte de Medecine, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Veronique Regnault
- INSERM, U1116, Faculte de Medecine, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Alberto P Avolio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Aroor AR, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Utility of obesity and metabolic dyslipidemia (a non-insulin based determinate of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance) in predicting arterial stiffness. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:1071-1074. [PMID: 31318126 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffening is not only a hallmark of the aging process but the consequence of many metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and metabolic dyslipidemia. In patients with the cardiometabolic syndrome, arterial stiffening is consistently observed across all age groups. A core feature linking obesity and the metabolic syndrome to arterial stiffness has been IR. However, including other metabolic abnormalities such as metabolic dyslipidemia increases the risk prediction of arterial stiffness in a dose-dependent fashion. Chronic hyperinsulinemia also increases the activity of both the systemic and the local RAAS which contributes to the development of arterial stiffness. All of these relevant metabolic features that predict arterial stiffness are appropriately incorporated in the METS-IR used in the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Sanyour HJ, Li N, Rickel AP, Childs JD, Kinser CN, Hong Z. Membrane cholesterol and substrate stiffness co-ordinate to induce the remodelling of the cytoskeleton and the alteration in the biomechanics of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1369-1380. [PMID: 30395154 PMCID: PMC11268160 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cholesterol not only deposits in foam cells at the atherosclerotic plaque, but also plays an important role as a regulator of cell migration in atherogenesis. In addition, the progression of atherosclerosis leads to arterial wall stiffening, and thus altering the micromechanical environment of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vivo. Our studies aim to test the hypothesis that membrane cholesterol and substrate stiffness co-ordinate to regulate VSMCs biomechanics, and thus potentially regulate VSMCs migration and atherosclerotic plaque formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Methyl-β-cyclodextrin was used to manipulate membrane cholesterol content in VSMCs isolated from the descending thoracic aorta of male Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured on Type I collagen-coated polyacrylamide gel substrates with varying stiffness. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine VSMCs stiffness and integrin-fibronectin (FN) adhesion. The alignment of submembranous actin filaments was visualized with AFM and confocal microscopy. The constriction force of rat aorta was measured ex vivo using a multi-wire myograph system. Our results demonstrated that cholesterol-depletion and substrate-softening induced a significant decrease in VSMCs stiffness and adhesion to FN, as well as cytoskeletal disorganization. In addition, the contractile force of rat aorta was reduced upon cholesterol-depletion. Cholesterol-enrichment resulted in an increase in stiffness, adhesion to FN, cytoskeletal organization of VSMCs compared with the cholesterol-depleted cells, and enhanced contractile force of rat aortas compared with the cholesterol-depleted vessel rings. CONCLUSION Cell membrane cholesterol and substrate stiffness synergistically affect VSMCs elastic modulus (E-modulus) by regulating the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Except for the 3.5 kPa gel substrate, cholesterol-depletion decreased VSMCs-FN adhesion force, adhesion loading rate, cytoskeletal orientation, and E-modulus compared with the control VSMCs. Conversely, cholesterol-enrichment significantly increased cytoskeleton orientation, stiffness, and VSMCs-FN cell adhesion force compared with both control and cholesterol-depleted VSMCs on a soft substrate.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Elastic Modulus
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stress, Mechanical
- Vascular Stiffness
- Vasoconstriction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J. Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Alex P. Rickel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Josh D. Childs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Courtney N. Kinser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Steppan J, Wang H, Bergman Y, Rauer MJ, Tan S, Jandu S, Nandakumar K, Barreto-Ortiz S, Cole RN, Boronina TN, Zhu W, Halushka MK, An SS, Berkowitz DE, Santhanam L. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 depletion is protective in age-associated vascular stiffening. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H49-H59. [PMID: 31002285 PMCID: PMC6692735 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00670.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular stiffening and its sequelae are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The increasingly accepted concept of "smooth muscle cell (SMC) stiffness syndrome" along with matrix deposition has emerged in vascular biology to account for the mechanical phenotype of arterial aging, but the molecular targets remain elusive. In this study, using an unbiased proteomic analysis, we identified lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) as a critical SMC mediator for age-associated vascular stiffening. We tested the hypothesis that loss of LOXL2 function is protective in aging-associated vascular stiffening. We determined that exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide markedly decreased LOXL2 abundance and activity in the extracellular matrix of isolated SMCs and LOXL2 endothelial cells suppress LOXL2 abundance in the aorta. In a longitudinal study, LOXL2+/- mice were protected from age-associated increase in pulse-wave velocity, an index of vascular stiffening, as occurred in littermate wild-type mice. Using isolated aortic segments, we found that LOXL2 mediates vascular stiffening in aging by promoting SMC stiffness, augmented SMC contractility, and vascular matrix deposition. Together, these studies establish LOXL2 as a nodal point for a new therapeutic approach to treat age-associated vascular stiffening. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased central vascular stiffness augments risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Despite significant advances in understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of vascular stiffening, targeted therapy has remained elusive. Here, we show that lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) drives vascular stiffening during aging by promoting matrix remodeling and vascular smooth muscle cell stiffening. Reduced LOXL2 expression protects mice from age-associated vascular stiffening and delays the onset of isolated systolic hypertension, a major consequence of stiffening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Steppan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Huilei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcel J Rauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Siqi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sandeep Jandu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kavitha Nandakumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sebastian Barreto-Ortiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tatiana N Boronina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wanqu Zhu
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Bai Y, Shi X, Ke Y, Lin X, Hong H. Hypertension accelerates age-related intrarenal small artery (IRSA) remodelling and stiffness in rats with possible involvement of AGEs and RAGE. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:97-109. [PMID: 31246263 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study changes in morphology, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the AGEs receptor, RAGE, that occur with ageing in intrarenal small arteries (IRSAs) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to investigate the possible roles of hypertension, AGEs and RAGE in the progression of IRSA remodelling and stiffness with ageing in rats. METHODS Ageing SHRs and ageing normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied. The minimal renal vascular resistance (minRVR) was measured. Renal arcuate arteries (RAAs) and interlobular arteries (RILAs), the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, AGEs, RAGE and the plasma concentrations of AGEs were also examined. RESULTS The IRSA minRVR, wall thickening, cell proliferation and collagen deposition in RILAs and RAAs gradually increased with age in SHRs and were much higher in 24-week-old SHRs than in age-matched WKY rats (p<0.05); these indexes in WKY rats were only elevated in the 72-week group (p<0.05). The expression of RAGE in the RAA and RILA tunica media in SHRs was upregulated by 24 weeks and 12 weeks (p<0.05), respectively, while AGEs levels in the plasma and in the IRSA tunica media were increased by 48 weeks (p<0.05) and increased gradually with age. The levels of both RAGE and AGEs in WKY rats were increased only at 72 weeks (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Hypertension accelerates the development of age-related IRSA remodelling and stiffness in rats, which may be related to upregulation of RAGE in the IRSA tunica media and increased expression of AGEs at the late stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Bai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yilang Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huashan Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Le Roux-Mallouf T, Pelen F, Vallejo A, Halimaoui I, Doutreleau S, Verges S. Effect of chronic nitrate and citrulline supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance in older individuals. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:3315-3332. [PMID: 31141497 PMCID: PMC6555465 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability may improve exercise performance and vascular function. It remains unclear whether older adults who experience a decreased NO bioavailability may benefit from chronic NO precursor supplementation. This randomised, double-blind, trial aims to assess the effect of chronic NO precursor intake on vascular function and exercise performance in older adults (60-70 years old). Twenty-four healthy older adults (12 females) performed vascular function assessment and both local (knee extensions) and whole-body (incremental cycling) exercise tests to exhaustion before and after one month of daily intake of a placebo (PLA) or a nitrate-rich salad and citrulline (N+C, 520mg nitrate and 6g citrulline) drink. Arterial blood pressure (BP) and stiffness, post-ischemic, hypercapnic and hypoxic vascular responses were evaluated. Prefrontal cortex and quadriceps oxygenation was monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy. N+C supplementation reduced mean BP (-3.3mmHg; p=0.047) without altering other parameters of vascular function and oxygenation kinetics. N+C supplementation reduced heart rate and oxygen consumption during submaximal cycling and increased maximal power output by 5.2% (p<0.05), but had no effect on knee extension exercise performance. These results suggest that chronic NO precursor supplementation in healthy older individuals can reduce resting BP and increase cycling performance by improving cardiorespiratory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Pelen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Angela Vallejo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Idir Halimaoui
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble F-38000, France
- Sport and Pathologies Unit, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble F-38000, France
- Sport and Pathologies Unit, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Hôpital Michallon, Grenoble F-38042, France
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
DuPont JJ, Kenney RM, Patel AR, Jaffe IZ. Sex differences in mechanisms of arterial stiffness. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4208-4225. [PMID: 30767200 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness progressively increases with aging and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Evidence supports that there are sex differences in the time course of aging-related arterial stiffness and the associated CVD risk, which increases disproportionately in postmenopausal women. The association between arterial stiffness and mortality is almost twofold higher in women versus men. The differential clinical characteristics of the development of arterial stiffness between men and women indicate the involvement of sex-specific mechanisms. This review summarizes the current literature on sex differences in vascular stiffness induced by aging, obesity, hypertension, and sex-specific risk factors as well as the impact of hormonal status, diet, and exercise on vascular stiffness in males and females. An understanding of the mechanisms driving sex differences in vascular stiffness has the potential to identify novel sex-specific therapies to lessen CVD risk, the leading cause of death in males and females. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel M Kenney
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ayan R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Safar ME, Asmar R, Benetos A, Blacher J, Boutouyrie P, Lacolley P, Laurent S, London G, Pannier B, Protogerou A, Regnault V. Interaction Between Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness. Hypertension 2019; 72:796-805. [PMID: 30354723 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel E Safar
- From the Diagnosis and Therapeutics Center, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France (M.E.S., J.B.)
| | - Roland Asmar
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, Geneva, Switzerland/Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.)
| | - Athanase Benetos
- Department of Geriatrics, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1116, DCAC, France (A.B.)
| | - Jacques Blacher
- From the Diagnosis and Therapeutics Center, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France (M.E.S., J.B.)
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Department of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital; Paris-Descartes University; PARCC-Inserm U970, Paris, France (P.B., S.L.)
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1116, DCAC, Nancy, France (P.L., V.R.)
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- Department of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital; Paris-Descartes University; PARCC-Inserm U970, Paris, France (P.B., S.L.)
| | - Gérard London
- PARCC-Inserm U970, Paris, France (G.L., B.P.); Department of Nephrology, Manhès Hospital, Fleury-Mérogis, France (G.L., B.P.)
| | - Bruno Pannier
- PARCC-Inserm U970, Paris, France (G.L., B.P.); Department of Nephrology, Manhès Hospital, Fleury-Mérogis, France (G.L., B.P.)
| | - Athanase Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Bhogal P, Pederzani G, Grytsan A, Loh Y, Brouwer PA, Andersson T, Gundiah N, Robertson AM, Watton PN, Söderman M. The unexplained success of stentplasty vasospasm treatment : Insights using Mechanistic Mathematical Modeling. Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 29:763-774. [PMID: 30915482 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) following subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in up to 70% of patients. Recently, stents have been used to successfully treat CVS. This implies that the force required to expand spastic vessels and resolve vasospasm is lower than previously thought. OBJECTIVE We develop a mechanistic model of the spastic arterial wall to provide insight into CVS and predict the forces required to treat it. MATERIAL AND METHODS The arterial wall is modelled as a cylindrical membrane using a constrained mixture theory that accounts for the mechanical roles of elastin, collagen and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We model the pressure diameter curve prior to CVS and predict how it changes following CVS. We propose a stretch-based damage criterion for VSMC and evaluate if several commercially available stents are able to resolve vasospasm. RESULTS The model predicts that dilatation of VSMCs beyond a threshold of mechanical failure is sufficient to resolve CVS without damage to the underlying extracellular matrix. Consistent with recent clinical observations, our model predicts that existing stents have the potential to provide sufficient outward force to successfully treat CVS and that success will be dependent on an appropriate match between stent and vessel. CONCLUSION Mathematical models of CVS can provide insights into biological mechanisms and explore treatment approaches. Improved understanding of the underlying mechanistic processes governing CVS and its mechanical treatment may assist in the development of dedicated stents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bhogal
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, E1 1BB, London, UK.
| | - G Pederzani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Grytsan
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Y Loh
- Uniformed Services University, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 550 17th Avenue Seattle, 98122, Washington, USA
| | - P A Brouwer
- The Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Andersson
- The Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Namrata Gundiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Anne M Robertson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul N Watton
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Reesink KD, Spronck B. Constitutive interpretation of arterial stiffness in clinical studies: a methodological review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H693-H709. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00388.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinical assessment of arterial stiffness relies on noninvasive measurements of regional pulse wave velocity or local distensibility. However, arterial stiffness measures do not discriminate underlying changes in arterial wall constituent properties (e.g., in collagen, elastin, or smooth muscle), which is highly relevant for development and monitoring of treatment. In arterial stiffness in recent clinical-epidemiological studies, we systematically review clinical-epidemiological studies (2012–) that interpreted arterial stiffness changes in terms of changes in arterial wall constituent properties (63 studies included of 514 studies found). Most studies that did so were association studies (52 of 63 studies) providing limited causal evidence. Intervention studies (11 of 63 studies) addressed changes in arterial stiffness through the modulation of extracellular matrix integrity (5 of 11 studies) or smooth muscle tone (6 of 11 studies). A handful of studies (3 of 63 studies) used mathematical modeling to discriminate between extracellular matrix components. Overall, there exists a notable gap in the mechanistic interpretation of stiffness findings. In constitutive model-based interpretation, we first introduce constitutive-based modeling and use it to illustrate the relationship between constituent properties and stiffness measurements (“forward” approach). We then review all literature on modeling approaches for the constitutive interpretation of clinical arterial stiffness data (“inverse” approach), which are aimed at estimation of constitutive properties from arterial stiffness measurements to benefit treatment development and monitoring. Importantly, any modeling approach requires a tradeoff between model complexity and measurable data. Therefore, the feasibility of changing in vivo the biaxial mechanics and/or vascular smooth muscle tone should be explored. The effectiveness of modeling approaches should be confirmed using uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis. Taken together, constitutive modeling can significantly improve clinical interpretation of arterial stiffness findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Leloup AJA, Van Hove CE, De Moudt S, De Meyer GRY, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. Vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation in the isolated aorta: a critical regulator of large artery compliance. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13934. [PMID: 30810292 PMCID: PMC6391714 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, isometric contraction studies of isolated thoracic aorta segments have significantly contributed to our overall understanding of the active, contractile properties of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and their cross-talk with endothelial cells. However, the physiological role of VSMC contraction or relaxation in the healthy aorta and its contribution to the pulse-smoothening capacity of the aorta is currently unclear. Therefore, we investigated the acute effects of VSMC contraction and relaxation on the isobaric biomechanical properties of healthy mouse aorta. An in-house developed set-up was used to measure isobaric stiffness parameters of periodically stretched (10 Hz) aortic segments at an extended pressure range, while pharmacologically modulating VSMC tone and endothelial cell function. We found that the effects of α1-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine on the pressure-stiffness relationship varied in sensitivity, magnitude and direction, with the basal, unstimulated NO production by the endothelium playing a pivotal role. We also investigated how arterial disease affected this system by using the angiotensin-II-treated mouse. Our results show that isobaric stiffness was increased and that the aortic segments demonstrated a reduced capacity for modulating the pressure-stiffness relationship. This suggests that not only increased isobaric stiffness at normal pressure, but also a reduced capacity of the VSMCs to limit the pressure-associated increase in aortic stiffness, may contribute to the pathogenesis of this mouse model. Overall, this study provides more insight in how aortic VSMC tone affects the pressure-dependency of aortic biomechanics at different physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. A. Leloup
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Cor E. Van Hove
- Laboratory of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Guido R. Y. De Meyer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Gilles W. De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Humphrey JD, Tellides G. Central artery stiffness and thoracic aortopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H169-H182. [PMID: 30412443 PMCID: PMC6880196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00205.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortopathy, especially aneurysm, dissection, and rupture, is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Uncontrolled hypertension and aging are primary risk factors for such conditions, and they contribute to an increase in the mechanical stress on the wall and an increase in its structural vulnerability, respectively. Select genetic mutations also predispose to these lethal conditions, and the collection of known mutations suggests that dysfunctional mechanosensing and mechanoregulation of the extracellular matrix may contribute to pathogenesis and disease progression. In the absence of a well-accepted pharmacotherapy, nonsurgical treatments tend to focus on reducing the mechanical loading on the aorta, particularly via the use of antihypertensive medications and recommendations to avoid strenuous exercises such as weight lifting. In this brief review, we discuss the important effects of central artery stiffening on global hemodynamics and, in particular, on the increase in pulse pressure that acts on the proximal thoracic aorta. We consider Marfan syndrome as an illustrative aortopathy but discuss other conditions leading to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. We highlight the importance of phenotyping the aorta biomechanically, not just clinically, and emphasize the utility of mouse models in elucidating molecular and mechanical mechanisms of disease. Notwithstanding the widely recognized role of central artery stiffening in driving end-organ disease, we suggest that there is similarly a need to consider its key role in thoracic aortopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - G. Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Chen J, Wang N. Tissue cell differentiation and multicellular evolution via cytoskeletal stiffening in mechanically stressed microenvironments. ACTA MECHANICA SINICA = LI XUE XUE BAO 2019; 35:270-274. [PMID: 31736534 PMCID: PMC6857630 DOI: 10.1007/s10409-018-0814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of eukaryotes from simple cells to complex multicellular organisms remains a mystery. Our postulate is that cytoskeletal stiffening is a necessary condition for evolution of complex multicellular organisms from early simple eukaryotes. Recent findings show that embryonic stem cells are as soft as primitive eukaryotes-amoebae and that differentiated tissue cells can be two orders of magnitude stiffer than embryonic stem cells. Soft embryonic stem cells become stiff as they differentiate into tissue cells of the complex multicellular organisms to match their microenvironment stiffness. We perhaps see in differentiation of embryonic stem cells (derived from inner cell mass cells) the echo of those early evolutionary events. Early soft unicellular organisms might have evolved to stiffen their cytoskeleton to protect their structural integrity from external mechanical stresses while being able to maintain form, to change shape, and to move.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Chen
- Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 China
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory for Cellular Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 China
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Liu M, Yao Y, Zhu T, Xie Y, Zhang S, Sun Y, Xia L, Wu Z, Huang Q, Fang Z. Sex-specific association between serum immunoglobulin-M and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in a Chinese population: Danyang Study. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:385-391. [PMID: 30531844 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports a causal role for the immunoglobulin-M (IgM) as a protector of atherosclerosis. Since arterial stiffness is an index of subclinical atherosclerosis, we propose that IgM may play an important role in arterial stiffness. As the level of IgM differs between sexes, we investigate the sex-specific association of serum IgM with arterial stiffness in a Chinese population. The study subjects were recruited from Danyang in 2017. Using the Omron VP-1000 system, we measured brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Serum IgM concentration was measured by the immunoturbidimetry method. The 1030 study participants (mean age = 54.3 ± 9.0 years) included 407 men (39.5%), 428 hypertensive (41.6%), 80 diabetic (7.8%), and 512 arterial stiffness patients (49.7%). Serum IgM concentration was lower in men than women (0.97 vs. 1.26 μg/mL, P < 0.001) and negatively with alcohol intake (r = -0.11 in men and r = -0.07 in women, P ≤ 0.09). In multiple regression analyses, serum IgM concentration was negatively associated with baPWV in women (-0.82 m/s per 10-time increase in serum IgM concentration, P = 0.009) but not in men. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, elevated serum IgM concentration was associated with lower risks for arterial stiffness in women (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.08-0.82; P = 0.02) but not in men (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.17-2.62; P = 0.55). Categorical analyses produced similar results. Serum IgM is negatively associated with baPWV and accordingly associated with a lower risk of arterial stiffness in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangjing Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Institute of Hypertension, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Chang YC, Hsu BG, Liou HH, Lee CJ, Wang JH. Serum levels of sclerostin as a potential biomarker in central arterial stiffness among hypertensive patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:214. [PMID: 30482161 PMCID: PMC6260557 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin is known to be a canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor, while the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is proposed to be involved in the development of arterial stiffness. This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) among hypertensive patients. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 105 hypertensive patients. Patients with cfPWV values of > 10 m/s were classified in the high arterial stiffness group, whereas those with cfPWV values of ≤10 m/s were assigned to the low arterial stiffness group. Serum sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) levels were quantified using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Thirty-six hypertensive patients (34.3%) who belonged to the high arterial stiffness group were generally older (p < 0.001), presented with lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR, p = 0.014), higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.030), average systolic blood pressures (SBP, p = 0.013), pulse pressure (p = 0.026), serum creatinine levels (p = 0.013), intact parathyroid hormone levels (iPTH, p = 0.003), and sclerostin levels (p < 0.001) than their counterparts in the low arterial stiffness group. A multivariable logistic regression analysis identified sclerostin as an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients (odds ratio, 1.042; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.017-1.068; p = 0.001). Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis also showed that serum sclerostin level (β = 0.255, adjusted R2 change: 0.146, p = 0.003) was positively associated with cfPWV values in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS In this study, serum sclerostin level, but not DKK1, is found to be positively correlated with cfPWV values and is identified as an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients after adjusting for significant confounders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, No. 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Imsirovic J, Bartolák-Suki E, Jawde SB, Parameswaran H, Suki B. Blood pressure-induced physiological strain variability modulates wall structure and function in aorta rings. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:105014. [PMID: 30376453 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aae65f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells respond to mechanical stretch by reorganizing their cytoskeletal and contractile elements. Recently, we showed that contractile forces in rat aorta rings were maintained when the rings were exposed to 4 h of physiological variability in cycle-by-cycle strain, called variable stretch (VS), mimicking beat-to-beat blood pressure variability. Contractility, however, was reduced when the aorta was exposed to monotonous stretch (MS) with an amplitude equal to the mean peak strain of VS. OBJECTIVE Here we reanalyzed the data to obtain wall stiffness as well as added new histologic and inhibitor studies to test the effects of VS on the extracellular matrix. MAIN RESULTS The results demonstrate that while the stiffness of the aorta did not change during 4 h MS or VS, nonlinearity in mechanical behavior was slightly stronger following MS. The inhibitor studies also showed that mitochondrial energy production and cytoskeletal organization were involved in this fluctuation-driven mechanotransduction. Reorganization of β-actin in the smooth muscle layer quantified from immunohistochemically labeled images correlated with contractile forces during contraction. Histologic analysis of wall structure provided evidence of reorganization of elastin and collagen fibers following MS but less so following VS. The results suggested that the loss of muscle contraction in MS was compensated by reorganization of fiber structure leading to similar wall stiffness as in VS. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that muscle tone modulated by variability in stretch plays a role in maintaining aortic wall structural and mechanical homeostasis with implications for vascular conditions characterized by a loss or an increase in blood pressure variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Imsirovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Galkine A, Dzenkeviciute V, Sapoka V, Urbanavicius V, Petrulioniene Z, Brimas G, Laucevicius A. EFFECTS OF BODY WEIGHT REDUCTION ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY IN MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS: A 4-YEAR CLINICAL STUDY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:491-497. [PMID: 31149302 PMCID: PMC6516413 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term effect of weight loss on arterial stiffness, metabolic parameters in morbidly obese patients who underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). SUBJECTS Forty-eight morbidly obese Caucasian subjects underwent LAGB from January 2009 to January 2010 and completed 4 years follow-up. MEASUREMENTS Patients were evaluated for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, arterial blood pressure (BP), metabolic factors: leptin, adiponectin, glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin. Endothelial function - evaluated as reactive hyperemic index (RHI). Arterial stiffness - determined by cardio - ankle vascular index (CAVI). RESULTS Average BMI decreased from 46.48±7.06 kg/m2 to 39.78±7.36 kg/m2 (1year, p<0.001) and 37.29±7.49 kg/m2 (4years, p=0.012). The systolic BP and heart rate reduction were observed after the 4 years. Changes in cardiovascular parameters were accompanied by waist circumference reduction and improvement of glucose metabolism,reduction of insulin, HbA1c, leptin, C-reactive protein values. However, there were statistically significant increases in CAVI 6.58±1.77m/s vs. 7.03±2.00 m/s (p=0.014) at 1 year, but not significant 7.12±2.19 (p=0.153) after 4 years. Endothelial changes were observed only in diabetic patients one year after LAGB 2.18±0.57 vs. 1.86±0.34 (p=0.021) vs. 2.05±0.42 (p=0.086). CONCLUSION Weight reduction induced by LAGB was associated with changes in body weight and metabolic parameters, but it was no improvement on endothelial function and arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Galkine
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Family Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V. Dzenkeviciute
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Clinic of Heart and Vascular Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V. Sapoka
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Family Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V. Urbanavicius
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Family Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Z. Petrulioniene
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Clinic of Heart and Vascular Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G. Brimas
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A. Laucevicius
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Clinic of Heart and Vascular Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Wang M, Monticone RE, McGraw KR. Proinflammatory Arterial Stiffness Syndrome: A Signature of Large Arterial Aging. J Vasc Res 2018; 55:210-223. [PMID: 30071538 PMCID: PMC6174095 DOI: 10.1159/000490244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated structural and functional remodeling of the arterial wall produces a productive environment for the initiation and progression of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Chronic aging stress induces low-grade proinflammatory signaling and causes cellular proinflammation in arterial walls, which triggers the structural phenotypic shifts characterized by endothelial dysfunction, diffuse intimal-medial thickening, and arterial stiffening. Microscopically, aged arteries exhibit an increase in arterial cell senescence, proliferation, invasion, matrix deposition, elastin fragmentation, calcification, and amyloidosis. These characteristic cellular and matrix alterations not only develop with aging but can also be induced in young animals under experimental proinflammatory stimulation. Interestingly, these changes can also be attenuated in old animals by reducing low-grade inflammatory signaling. Thus, mitigating age-associated proinflammation and arterial phenotype shifts is a potential approach to retard arterial aging and prevent the epidemic of hypertension and atherosclerosis in the elderly.
Collapse
|
75
|
Seawright JW, Sreenivasappa H, Gibbs HC, Padgham S, Shin SY, Chaponnier C, Yeh AT, Trzeciakowski JP, Woodman CR, Trache A. Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractile Function Declines With Age in Skeletal Muscle Feed Arteries. Front Physiol 2018; 9:856. [PMID: 30108507 PMCID: PMC6079263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a progressive decline in vasoconstrictor responses in central and peripheral arteries. This study investigated the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile function declines with age in soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA). Contractile function of cannulated SFA isolated from young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats was assessed by measuring constrictor responses of denuded (endothelium removed) SFA to norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), and angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, we investigated the role of RhoA signaling in modulation of VSM contractile function. Structural and functional characteristics of VSM cells were evaluated by fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results indicated that constrictor responses to PE and Ang II were significantly impaired in old SFA, whereas constrictor responses to NE were preserved. In the presence of a Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y27632), constrictor responses to NE, Ang II, and PE were significantly reduced in young and old SFA. In addition, the age-group difference in constrictor responses to Ang II was eliminated. ROCK1 and ROCK2 content was similar in young and old VSM cells, whereas pROCK1 and pROCK2 were significantly elevated in old VSM cells. Aging was associated with a reduction in smooth muscle α-actin stress fibers and recruitment of proteins to cell-matrix adhesions. Old VSM cells presented an increase in integrin adhesion to the matrix and smooth muscle γ-actin fibers that was associated with increased cell stiffness. In conclusion, our results indicate that VSM contractile function declined with age in SFA. The decrement in contractile function was mediated in part by RhoA/ROCK signaling. Upregulation of pROCK in old VSM cells was not able to rescue contractility in old SFA. Collectively, these results indicate that changes at the VSM cell level play a central role in the reduced contractile function of aged SFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Seawright
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Harini Sreenivasappa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Holly C Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Samuel Padgham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Song Y Shin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alvin T Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jerome P Trzeciakowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christopher R Woodman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Nicholson CJ, Singh K, Saphirstein RJ, Gao YZ, Li Q, Chiu JG, Leavis P, Verwoert GC, Mitchell GF, Porter T, Morgan KG. Reversal of Aging-Induced Increases in Aortic Stiffness by Targeting Cytoskeletal Protein-Protein Interfaces. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008926. [PMID: 30021807 PMCID: PMC6201469 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proximal aorta normally functions as a critical shock absorber that protects small downstream vessels from damage by pressure and flow pulsatility generated by the heart during systole. This shock absorber function is impaired with age because of aortic stiffening. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the contribution of common genetic variation to aortic stiffness in humans by interrogating results from the AortaGen Consortium genome-wide association study of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Common genetic variation in the N-WASP (WASL) locus is associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (rs600420, P=0.0051). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that decoy proteins designed to disrupt the interaction of cytoskeletal proteins such as N-WASP with its binding partners in the vascular smooth muscle cytoskeleton could decrease ex vivo stiffness of aortas from a mouse model of aging. A synthetic decoy peptide construct of N-WASP significantly reduced activated stiffness in ex vivo aortas of aged mice. Two other cytoskeletal constructs targeted to VASP and talin-vinculin interfaces similarly decreased aging-induced ex vivo active stiffness by on-target specific actions. Furthermore, packaging these decoy peptides into microbubbles enables the peptides to be ultrasound-targeted to the wall of the proximal aorta to attenuate ex vivo active stiffness. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that decoy peptides targeted to vascular smooth muscle cytoskeletal protein-protein interfaces and microbubble packaged can decrease aortic stiffness ex vivo. Our results provide proof of concept at the ex vivo level that decoy peptides targeted to cytoskeletal protein-protein interfaces may lead to substantive dynamic modulation of aortic stiffness.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- DNA/genetics
- Genome-Wide Association Study/methods
- Humans
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Pulse Wave Analysis
- Vascular Stiffness/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna G Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Leavis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Germaine C Verwoert
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tyrone Porter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College Boston University, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Lindesay G, Bézie Y, Ragonnet C, Duchatelle V, Dharmasena C, Villeneuve N, Vayssettes-Courchay C. Differential Stiffening between the Abdominal and Thoracic Aorta: Effect of Salt Loading in Stroke-Prone Hypertensive Rats. J Vasc Res 2018; 55:144-158. [PMID: 29886482 DOI: 10.1159/000488877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central artery stiffening is recognized as a cardiovascular risk. The effects of hypertension and aging have been shown in human and animal models but the effect of salt is still controversial. We studied the effect of a high-salt diet on aortic stiffness in salt-sensitive spontaneously hypersensitive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP). Distensibility, distension, and β-stiffness were measured at thoracic and abdominal aortic sites in the same rats, using echotracking recording of the aortic diameter coupled with blood pressure (BP), in SHRSP-salt (5% salted diet, 5 weeks), SHRSP, and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Hemodynamic parameters were measured at BP matched to that of WKY. Histological staining and immunohistochemistry were used for structural analysis. Hemodynamic isobaric parameters in SHRSP did not differ from WKY and only those from the abdominal aorta of SHRSP-salt presented decreased distensibility and increased stiffness compared with WKY and SHRSP. The abdominal and thoracic aortas presented similar thickening, increased fibrosis, and remodeling with no change in collagen content. SHRSP-salt presented a specific increased elastin disarray at the abdominal aorta level but a decrease in elastin content in the thoracic aorta. This study demonstrates the pro-stiffening effect of salt in addition to hypertension; it shows that only the abdominal aorta presents a specific pressure-independent stiffening, in which elastin disarray is likely a key mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Lindesay
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit Suresnes, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - Yvonnick Bézie
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Ragonnet
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit Suresnes, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Chandima Dharmasena
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Villeneuve
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit Suresnes, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Huang J, Gao N, Wang S, Milewicz DM, Kamm KE, Stull JT. Genetic approaches to identify pathological limitations in aortic smooth muscle contraction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193769. [PMID: 29494672 PMCID: PMC5833278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic smooth muscle contains limiting amounts of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) for myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation and contraction that predisposes to thoracic aortic disease in humans containing heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in MYLK. We tested the hypothesis that thoracic aortic smooth muscle contraction may also be susceptible to variations in the smooth muscle-specific isoform of the motor protein myosin where inactivation of one Myh11 allele or the presence of one Myh11 missense variant associated with an increased risk of human aortic disease may result in a reduced force development response. Additionally, other kinds of smooth muscles may be less sensitive to the effects of mutations in one smooth muscle myosin allele, similar to results obtained with Mylk. Force development responses were reduced in aortic tissue from a conditional knockout of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain in adult mice (Myh11+/- or Myh11-/-) with a greater reduction with homozygous vs heterozygous tissues. Similar reductions in force responses were obtained with tissues containing either a heterozygous or homozygous knockin mutation in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Myh11+/R247C or Myh11R247C/R247C mutations that cause human aortic disease) with no significant changes in RLC phosphorylation. Agonist-dependent force responses were not reduced significantly in urinary bladder, ileal, or tracheal tissues from Myh11+/- mice while only ileal tissue showed a reduced force response in Myh11R247C/R247C mice. Thus, heterozygous mutations in Myh11 associated with reduced myosin function result in compromised contractile function primarily in aortic smooth muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX United States of America
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX United States of America
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX United States of America
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX United States of America
| | - Kristine E. Kamm
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX United States of America
| | - James T. Stull
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Shim JW, Madsen JR. VEGF Signaling in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010275. [PMID: 29342116 PMCID: PMC5796221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent growth factor playing diverse roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In the brain, VEGF mediates angiogenesis, neural migration and neuroprotection. As a permeability factor, excessive VEGF disrupts intracellular barriers, increases leakage of the choroid plexus endothelia, evokes edema, and activates the inflammatory pathway. Recently, we discovered that a heparin binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor (HB-EGF)—a class of EGF receptor (EGFR) family ligands—contributes to the development of hydrocephalus with subarachnoid hemorrhage through activation of VEGF signaling. The objective of this review is to entail a recent update on causes of death due to neurological disorders involving cerebrovascular and age-related neurological conditions and to understand the mechanism by which angiogenesis-dependent pathological events can be treated with VEGF antagonisms. The Global Burden of Disease study indicates that cancer and cardiovascular disease including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are two leading causes of death worldwide. The literature suggests that VEGF signaling in ischemic brains highlights the importance of concentration, timing, and alternate route of modulating VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular targets distinguishing two distinct pathways of VEGF signaling may provide novel therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders and for maintaining lower mortality due to these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon W Shim
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Nanoudis S, Pikilidou M, Yavropoulou M, Zebekakis P. The Role of MicroRNAs in Arterial Stiffness and Arterial Calcification. An Update and Review of the Literature. Front Genet 2017; 8:209. [PMID: 29312437 PMCID: PMC5733083 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, such as systolic hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. Moreover it reflects arterial aging which in many cases does not coincide with chronological aging, a fact that is in large attributed to genetic factors. In addition to genetic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) seem to largely affect arterial aging either by advancing or by regressing arterial stiffness. MiRNAs are small RNA molecules, ~22 nucleotides long that can negatively control their target gene expression posttranscriptionally. Pathways that affect main components of stiffness such as fibrosis and calcification seem to be influenced by up or downregulation of specific miRNAs. Identification of this aberrant production of miRNAs can help identify epigenetic changes that can be therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. The present review summarizes the specific role of the so far discovered miRNAs that are involved in pathways of arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sideris Nanoudis
- Hypertension Excellence Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Pikilidou
- Hypertension Excellence Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Yavropoulou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- Hypertension Excellence Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Davies JMS, Cillard J, Friguet B, Cadenas E, Cadet J, Cayce R, Fishmann A, Liao D, Bulteau AL, Derbré F, Rébillard A, Burstein S, Hirsch E, Kloner RA, Jakowec M, Petzinger G, Sauce D, Sennlaub F, Limon I, Ursini F, Maiorino M, Economides C, Pike CJ, Cohen P, Salvayre AN, Halliday MR, Lundquist AJ, Jakowec NA, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Mericskay M, Mariani J, Li Z, Huang D, Grant E, Forman HJ, Finch CE, Sun PY, Pomatto LCD, Agbulut O, Warburton D, Neri C, Rouis M, Cillard P, Capeau J, Rosenbaum J, Davies KJA. The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases. GeroScience 2017; 39:499-550. [PMID: 29270905 PMCID: PMC5745211 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately correct or true. How is it possible, for example, that oxygen "a toxic environmental poison" could be also indispensable for life (Beckman and Ames Physiol Rev 78(2):547-81, 1998; Stadtman and Berlett Chem Res Toxicol 10(5):485-94, 1997)?: the so-called Oxygen Paradox (Davies and Ursini 1995; Davies Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31, 1995). How can French people apparently disregard the rule that high dietary intakes of cholesterol and saturated fats (e.g., cheese and paté) will result in an early death from cardiovascular diseases (Renaud and de Lorgeril Lancet 339(8808):1523-6, 1992; Catalgol et al. Front Pharmacol 3:141, 2012; Eisenberg et al. Nat Med 22(12):1428-1438, 2016)?: the so-called, French Paradox. Doubtless, the truth is not a duality and epistemological bias probably generates apparently self-contradictory conclusions. Perhaps nowhere in biology are there so many apparently contradictory views, and even experimental results, affecting human physiology and pathology as in the fields of free radicals and oxidative stress, antioxidants, foods and drinks, and dietary recommendations; this is particularly true when issues such as disease-susceptibility or avoidance, "healthspan," "lifespan," and ageing are involved. Consider, for example, the apparently paradoxical observation that treatment with low doses of a substance that is toxic at high concentrations may actually induce transient adaptations that protect against a subsequent exposure to the same (or similar) toxin. This particular paradox is now mechanistically explained as "Adaptive Homeostasis" (Davies Mol Asp Med 49:1-7, 2016; Pomatto et al. 2017a; Lomeli et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 131(21):2573-2599, 2017; Pomatto and Davies 2017); the non-damaging process by which an apparent toxicant can activate biological signal transduction pathways to increase expression of protective genes, by mechanisms that are completely different from those by which the same agent induces toxicity at high concentrations. In this review, we explore the influences and effects of paradoxes such as the Oxygen Paradox and the French Paradox on the etiology, progression, and outcomes of many of the major human age-related diseases, as well as the basic biological phenomenon of ageing itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M S Davies
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Josiane Cillard
- Lab de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Rachael Cayce
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Andrew Fishmann
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - David Liao
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon,ENS de Lyon, CNRS, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory for Movement, Sport and Health Sciences-EA 1274, M2S, Université de Rennes 2-ENS, Bruz, 35170, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Rébillard
- Laboratory for Movement, Sport and Health Sciences-EA 1274, M2S, Université de Rennes 2-ENS, Bruz, 35170, Rennes, France
| | - Steven Burstein
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Etienne Hirsch
- INSERM UMR 1127-CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière-ICM Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Maladie de Parkinson, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
| | - Michael Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Giselle Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Chronic infections and Immune ageing, INSERM U1135, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Pierre et Marie Curie University, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Limon
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Christina Economides
- Los Angeles Cardiology Associates, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Anne Negre Salvayre
- Lipid peroxidation, Signalling and Vascular Diseases INSERM U1048, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Matthew R Halliday
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Adam J Lundquist
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nicolaus A Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Mathias Mericskay
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire-Inserm UMR-S 1180, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, Paris, France
| | - Jean Mariani
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Ellsworth Grant
- Department of Oncology & Hematology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Henry J Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Los Angeles Cardiology Associates, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Patrick Y Sun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Laura C D Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Warburton
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutics program and the Center for Environmental Impact on Global Health Across the Lifespan at The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Christian Neri
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mustapha Rouis
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cillard
- Lab de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- DR Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, UPMC, Inserm Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean Rosenbaum
- Scientific Service of the Embassy of France in the USA, Consulate General of France in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Aroor AR, Jia G, Sowers JR. Cellular mechanisms underlying obesity-induced arterial stiffness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R387-R398. [PMID: 29167167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00235.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging pandemic driven by consumption of a diet rich in fat and highly refined carbohydrates (a Western diet) and a sedentary lifestyle in both children and adults. There is mounting evidence that arterial stiffness in obesity is an independent and strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive functional decline, and chronic kidney disease. Cardiovascular stiffness is a precursor to atherosclerosis, systolic hypertension, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, and impairment of coronary and cerebral flow. Moreover, premenopausal women lose the CVD protection normally afforded to them in the setting of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, and this loss of CVD protection is inextricably linked to an increased propensity for arterial stiffness. Stiffness of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix remodeling, perivascular adipose tissue inflammation, and immune cell dysfunction contribute to the development of arterial stiffness in obesity. Enhanced endothelial cortical stiffness decreases endothelial generation of nitric oxide, and increased oxidative stress promotes destruction of nitric oxide. Our research over the past 5 years has underscored an important role of increased aldosterone and vascular mineralocorticoid receptor activation in driving development of cardiovascular stiffness, especially in females consuming a Western diet. In this review the cellular mechanisms of obesity-associated arterial stiffness are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine , Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital , Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Center Columbia , Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Lacolley P, Regnault V, Segers P, Laurent S. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Arterial Stiffening: Relevance in Development, Aging, and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1555-1617. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cushioning function of large arteries encompasses distension during systole and recoil during diastole which transforms pulsatile flow into a steady flow in the microcirculation. Arterial stiffness, the inverse of distensibility, has been implicated in various etiologies of chronic common and monogenic cardiovascular diseases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The first components that contribute to arterial stiffening are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that support the mechanical load, while the second important components are vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which not only regulate actomyosin interactions for contraction but mediate also mechanotransduction in cell-ECM homeostasis. Eventually, VSMC plasticity and signaling in both conductance and resistance arteries are highly relevant to the physiology of normal and early vascular aging. This review summarizes current concepts of central pressure and tensile pulsatile circumferential stress as key mechanical determinants of arterial wall remodeling, cell-ECM interactions depending mainly on the architecture of cytoskeletal proteins and focal adhesion, the large/small arteries cross-talk that gives rise to target organ damage, and inflammatory pathways leading to calcification or atherosclerosis. We further speculate on the contribution of cellular stiffness along the arterial tree to vascular wall stiffness. In addition, this review provides the latest advances in the identification of gene variants affecting arterial stiffening. Now that important hemodynamic and molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness have been elucidated, and the complex interplay between ECM, cells, and sensors identified, further research should study their potential to halt or to reverse the development of arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Regnault
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Segers
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Vimentin knockout results in increased expression of sub-endothelial basement membrane components and carotid stiffness in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11628. [PMID: 28912461 PMCID: PMC5599644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are involved in stress-related cell mechanical properties and in plasticity via the regulation of focal adhesions (FAs) and the actomyosin network. We investigated whether vimentin regulates endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and thereby influences vasomotor tone and arterial stiffness. Vimentin knockout mice (Vim−/−) exhibited increased expression of laminin, fibronectin, perlecan, collagen IV and VE-cadherin as well as von Willebrand factor deposition in the subendothelial basement membrane. Smooth muscle (SM) myosin heavy chain, α-SM actin and smoothelin were decreased in Vim−/− mice. Electron microscopy revealed a denser endothelial basement membrane and increased SM cell-matrix interactions. Integrin αv, talin and vinculin present in FAs were increased in Vim−/− mice. Phosphorylated FA kinase and its targets Src and ERK1/2 were elevated in Vim−/− mice. Knockout of vimentin, but not of synemin, resulted in increased carotid stiffness and contractility and endothelial dysfunction, independently of blood pressure and the collagen/elastin ratio. The increase in arterial stiffness in Vim−/− mice likely involves vasomotor tone and endothelial basement membrane organization changes. At the tissue level, the results show the implication of FAs both in ECs and vascular SMCs in the role of vimentin in arterial stiffening.
Collapse
|
85
|
Labazi H, Trask AJ. Coronary microvascular disease as an early culprit in the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Pharmacol Res 2017; 123:114-121. [PMID: 28700893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; these are also a combination of independent coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. Alarmingly, the prevalence of MetS risk factors are increasing and a leading cause for mortality. In the vasculature, complications from MetS and type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be divided into microvascular (retinopathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction). In addition to vascular and endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling and stiffness are also hallmarks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and well-characterized vascular changes that are observed in the early stages of hypertension, T2D, and obesity [1-3]. In the heart, the link between obstructive atherosclerosis of coronary macrovessels and myocardial ischemia (MI) is well established. However, recent studies show that abnormalities in the coronary microcirculation are associated with functional and structural changes in coronary microvessels (classically defined as being ≤150-200μm internal diameter), which may cause or contribute to MI even in the absence of obstractive CAD. This suggests a prognostic value of an abnormal coronary microcirculation as an early sub-clinical culprit in the pathogenesis and progression of heart disease in T2D and MetS. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies investigating the coronary microvascular remodeling in an early pre-atherosclerotic phase of MetS and T2D, and to explore potential mechanisms associated with the timing of coronary microvascular remodeling relative to that of the macrovasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Labazi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Bloksgaard M, Leurgans TM, Spronck B, Heusinkveld MHG, Thorsted B, Rosenstand K, Nissen I, Hansen UM, Brewer JR, Bagatolli LA, Rasmussen LM, Irmukhamedov A, Reesink KD, De Mey JGR. Imaging and modeling of acute pressure-induced changes of collagen and elastin microarchitectures in pig and human resistance arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H164-H178. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of disease-related changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) on the mechanical properties of human resistance arteries largely remains to be established. Resistance arteries from both pig and human parietal pericardium (PRA) display a different ECM microarchitecture compared with frequently used rodent mesenteric arteries. We hypothesized that the biaxial mechanics of PRA mirror pressure-induced changes in the ECM microarchitecture. This was tested using isolated pig PRA as a model system, integrating vital imaging, pressure myography, and mathematical modeling. Collagenase and elastase digestions were applied to evaluate the load-bearing roles of collagen and elastin, respectively. The incremental elastic modulus linearly related to the straightness of adventitial collagen fibers circumferentially and longitudinally (both R2 ≥ 0.99), whereas there was a nonlinear relationship to the internal elastic lamina elastin fiber branching angles. Mathematical modeling suggested a collagen recruitment strain (means ± SE) of 1.1 ± 0.2 circumferentially and 0.20 ± 0.01 longitudinally, corresponding to a pressure of ~40 mmHg, a finding supported by the vital imaging. The integrated method was tested on human PRA to confirm its validity. These showed limited circumferential distensibility and elongation and a collagen recruitment strain of 0.8 ± 0.1 circumferentially and 0.06 ± 0.02 longitudinally, reached at a distending pressure below 20 mmHg. This was confirmed by vital imaging showing negligible microarchitectural changes of elastin and collagen upon pressurization. In conclusion, we show here, for the first time in resistance arteries, a quantitative relationship between pressure-induced changes in the extracellular matrix and the arterial wall mechanics. The strength of the integrated methods invites for future detailed studies of microvascular pathologies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to quantitatively relate pressure-induced microstructural changes in resistance arteries to the mechanics of their wall. Principal findings using a pig model system were confirmed in human arteries. The combined methods provide a strong tool for future hypothesis-driven studies of microvascular pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Leurgans
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. G. Heusinkveld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Thorsted
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Rosenstand
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inger Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla M. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R. Brewer
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Luis A. Bagatolli
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jo G. R. De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Scott RA, Kharkar PM, Kiick KL, Akins RE. Aortic adventitial fibroblast sensitivity to mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors depends on substrate stiffness. Biomaterials 2017; 137:1-10. [PMID: 28527302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are key determinants of arterial function and critical mediators of arterial disease progression. The effects of altered stiffness, particularly those observed across individuals during normal vascular function, and the mechanisms by which AFs respond to altered stiffness, are not well understood. To study the effects of matrix stiffness on AF phenotype, cytokine production, and the regulatory pathways utilized to interpret basic cell-matrix interactions, human aortic AFs were grown in 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (w/v%) PEG-based hydrogels with Young's moduli of 1.2, 3.3, and 9.6 kPa, respectively. In 5% gels, AFs had higher proliferation rates, elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion, and enhanced monocyte recruitment. Significantly more AFs were α-smooth muscle actin positive in 7.5% gels, indicating myofibroblast development. AFs in 10% gels had low proliferation rates but produced high levels of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A. Importantly, these modulus-dependent changes in AF phenotype were accompanied by alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways contributing to the production of cytokines. These data indicate that complex cell regulatory changes occur with altered tissue stiffness and suggest that therapeutics affecting MAPK pathways may have altered effects on AFs depending on substrate stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Scott
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Prathamesh M Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Robert E Akins
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Steppan J, Bergman Y, Viegas K, Armstrong D, Tan S, Wang H, Melucci S, Hori D, Park SY, Barreto SF, Isak A, Jandu S, Flavahan N, Butlin M, An SS, Avolio A, Berkowitz DE, Halushka MK, Santhanam L. Tissue Transglutaminase Modulates Vascular Stiffness and Function Through Crosslinking-Dependent and Crosslinking-Independent Functions. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004161. [PMID: 28159817 PMCID: PMC5523743 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The structural elements of the vascular wall, namely, extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), contribute to the overall stiffness of the vessel. In this study, we examined the crosslinking‐dependent and crosslinking‐independent roles of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) in vascular function and stiffness. Methods and Results SMCs were isolated from the aortae of TG2−/− and wild‐type (WT) mice. Cell adhesion was examined by using electrical cell–substrate impedance sensing and PicoGreen assay. Cell motility was examined using a Boyden chamber assay. Cell proliferation was examined by electrical cell–substrate impedance sensing and EdU incorporation assays. Cell micromechanics were studied using magnetic torsion cytometry and spontaneous nanobead tracer motions. Aortic mechanics were examined by tensile testing. Vasoreactivity was studied by wire myography. SMCs from TG2−/− mice had delayed adhesion, reduced motility, and accelerated de‐adhesion and proliferation rates compared with those from WT. TG2−/− SMCs were stiffer and displayed fewer cytoskeletal remodeling events than WT. Collagen assembly was delayed in TG2−/− SMCs and recovered with adenoviral transduction of TG2. Aortic rings from TG2−/− mice were less stiff than those from WT; stiffness was partly recovered by incubation with guinea pig liver TG2 independent of crosslinking function. TG2−/− rings showed augmented response to phenylephrine‐mediated vasoconstriction when compared with WT. In human coronary arteries, vascular media and plaque, high abundance of fibronectin expression, and colocalization with TG2 were observed. Conclusions TG2 modulates vascular function/tone by altering SMC contractility independent of its crosslinking function and contributes to vascular stiffness by regulating SMC proliferation and matrix remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Steppan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kayla Viegas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dinani Armstrong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Siqi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Huilei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sean Melucci
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daijiro Hori
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sung Yong Park
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sebastian F Barreto
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Abraham Isak
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sandeep Jandu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas Flavahan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark Butlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alberto Avolio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Bruno RM, Reesink KD, Ghiadoni L. Advances in the non-invasive assessment of vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and diabetes: Focus on endothelium, carotid mechanics and renal vessels. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:121-128. [PMID: 27773467 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present paper is a selective review on the methodology and clinical significance of techniques to assess specifically endothelial function, carotid mechanics and renal vascular function, particularly in the light of vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. DATA SYNTHESIS Endothelial dysfunction appears to be earlier detectable in the microcirculation of patients with altered glucose metabolism, while it attains significance in the macrocirculation at more advanced disease stages. Smooth muscle cell dysfunction is now increasingly recognized to play a role both in the development of endothelial dysfunction and abnormal arterial distensibility. Furthermore, impaired glucose metabolism affects carotid mechanics through medial calcification, structural changes in extracellular matrix due to advanced glycation and modification of the collagen/elastin material stiffness. The assessment of renal vascular function by dynamic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging has recently emerged as an appealing target for identifying subtle vascular alterations responsible for the development of diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Vascular dysfunction represents a major mechanism for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. Hence, the currently available non-invasive techniques to assess early structural and vascular abnormalities merit recommendation in this population, although their predictive value and sensitivity to monitor treatment-induced changes have not yet been established and are still under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - K D Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - L Ghiadoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Podgórski M, Winnicka M, Polguj M, Grzelak P, Łukaszewski M, Stefańczyk L. Does the internal jugular vein affect the elasticity of the common carotid artery? Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2016; 14:40. [PMID: 27639559 PMCID: PMC5027086 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-016-0084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is an early marker of atherosclerosis. The carotid arteries are easily accessible by ultrasound and are commonly used for the evaluation of atherosclerosis development. However, this stiffness assessment is based on the elastic properties of the artery, which may be influenced by the adjacent internal jugular vein (IJV). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of internal jugular vein morphology on the stiffness of the common carotid artery. Methods Bilateral carotid ultrasound was performed in 248 individuals. When no carotid plaque was detected (90.9 % cases), the distensibility coefficient and β - stiffness index were calculated. The global and segmental circumferential strain parameters of the carotid wall were evaluated with 2D-Speckle Tracking. The cross-sectional area of the IJV and degree of its adherence to the carotid wall (angle of adherence) were measured. Results The morphology of the IJV did not influence the standard stiffness parameters nor the global circumferential strain. However, segmental analysis found the sector adjacent to the IJV to have significantly higher strain parameters than its opposite counterpart. In addition, the strain correlated significantly and positively with IJV cross-sectional area and angle of adherence. Conclusions The movement of the carotid artery wall caused by the passage of the pulse wave is not homogeneous. The greatest strain is observed in a segment adjacent to the IJV, and the degree of wall deformation is associated with the size of the vein and the degree of its adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Podgórski
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Lodz, 22, Kopcińskiego St., Barlicki Hospital, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Winnicka
- Department of Angiology, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, 60, Narutowicza St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Polguj
- Department of Angiology, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, 60, Narutowicza St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Grzelak
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Lodz, 22, Kopcińskiego St., Barlicki Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Łukaszewski
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 281/289, Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ludomir Stefańczyk
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Lodz, 22, Kopcińskiego St., Barlicki Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Nicholson CJ, Seta F, Lee S, Morgan KG. MicroRNA-203 mimics age-related aortic smooth muscle dysfunction of cytoskeletal pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:81-95. [PMID: 27502584 PMCID: PMC5192880 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased aortic stiffness is a biomarker for subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. We have previously reported that vascular smooth muscle Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling, which contributes to aortic plasticity, is impaired with ageing. Here, we use a multi-scale approach to determine the molecular mechanisms behind defective Src-dependent signalling in an aged C57BL/6 male mouse model. Increased aortic stiffness, as measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity, was found to have a comparable time course to that in humans. Bioinformatic analyses predicted several miRs to regulate Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling. qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative levels of predicted miRs in aortas and, notably, the expression of miR-203 increased almost twofold in aged aorta. Increased miR-203 expression was associated with a decrease in both mRNA and protein expression of Src, caveolin-1 and paxillin in aged aorta. Probing with phospho-specific antibodies confirmed that overexpression of miR-203 significantly attenuated Src and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, which we have previously found to regulate vascular smooth muscle stiffness. In addition, transfection of miR-203 into aortic tissue from young mice increased phenylephrine-induced aortic stiffness ex vivo, mimicking the aged phenotype. Upstream of miR-203, we found that DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, 3a, and 3b are also significantly decreased in the aged mouse aorta and that DNMT inhibition significantly increases miR-203 expression. Thus, the age-induced increase in miR-203 may be caused by epigenetic promoter hypomethylation in the aorta. These findings indicate that miR-203 promotes a re-programming of Src/ERK signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle, impairing the regulation of stiffness in aged aorta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Seta
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Fry JL, Al Sayah L, Weisbrod RM, Van Roy I, Weng X, Cohen RA, Bachschmid MM, Seta F. Vascular Smooth Muscle Sirtuin-1 Protects Against Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness. Hypertension 2016; 68:775-84. [PMID: 27432859 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, a major cardiovascular risk factor, develops within 2 months in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, serving as a model of human metabolic syndrome, and it is associated with activation of proinflammatory and oxidant pathways in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. Sirtuin-1 (SirT1) is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase regulated by the cellular metabolic status. Our goal was to study the effects of VSM SirT1 on arterial stiffness in the context of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Overnight fasting acutely decreased arterial stiffness, measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity, in mice fed HFHS for 2 or 8 months, but not in mice lacking SirT1 in VSM (SMKO). Similarly, VSM-specific genetic SirT1 overexpression (SMTG) prevented pulse wave velocity increases induced by HFHS feeding, during 8 months. Administration of resveratrol or S17834, 2 polyphenolic compounds known to activate SirT1, prevented HFHS-induced arterial stiffness and were mimicked by global SirT1 overexpression (SirT1 bacterial artificial chromosome overexpressor), without evident metabolic improvements. In addition, HFHS-induced pulse wave velocity increases were reversed by 1-week treatment with a specific, small molecule SirT1 activator (SRT1720). These beneficial effects of pharmacological or genetic SirT1 activation, against HFHS-induced arterial stiffness, were associated with a decrease in nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activation and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and p47phox protein expressions, in aorta and VSM cells. In conclusion, VSM SirT1 activation decreases arterial stiffness in the setting of obesity by stimulating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in the aorta. SirT1 activators may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent arterial stiffness and associated cardiovascular complications in overweight/obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fry
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Leona Al Sayah
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Isabelle Van Roy
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Xiang Weng
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Markus M Bachschmid
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA
| | - Francesca Seta
- From the Vascular Biology Section, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, MA.
| |
Collapse
|