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Issa A, Esmaeel Q, Sanchez L, Courteaux B, Guise JF, Gibon Y, Ballias P, Clément C, Jacquard C, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Aït Barka E. Impacts of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans Strain PsJN on Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Under High Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1397. [PMID: 30405648 PMCID: PMC6201190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal temperatures induce physiological and biochemical changes resulting in the loss of yield. The present study investigates the impact of the PsJN strain of Paraburkholderia phytofirmans on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in response to heat stress (32°C). The results of this work showed that bacterial inoculation with P. phytofirmans strain PsJN increased tomato growth parameters such as chlorophyll content and gas exchange at both normal and high temperatures (25 and 32°C). At normal temperature (25°C), the rate of photosynthesis and the photosystem II activity increased with significant accumulations of sugars, total amino acids, proline, and malate in the bacterized tomato plants, demonstrating that the PsJN strain had a positive effect on plant growth. However, the amount of sucrose, total amino acids, proline, and malate were significantly affected in tomato leaves at 32°C compared to that at 25°C. Changes in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence showed that the bacterized tomato plants were well acclimated at 32°C. These results reinforce the current knowledge about the PsJN strain of P. phytofirmans and highlight in particular its ability to alleviate the harmful effects of high temperatures by stimulating the growth and tolerance of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Issa
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Barbara Courteaux
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Francois Guise
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Ballias
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Essaïd Aït Barka
- SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Esmaeel Q, Pupin M, Jacques P, Leclère V. Nonribosomal peptides and polyketides of Burkholderia: new compounds potentially implicated in biocontrol and pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29794-29807. [PMID: 28547376 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia live in various ecological niches and present a significant role in the environments through the excretion of a wide variety of secondary metabolites including modular nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and polyketides (PKs). These metabolites represent a widely distributed biomedically and biocontrol important class of natural products including antibiotics, siderophores, and anticancers as well as biopesticides that are considered as a novel source that can be used to defend ecological niche from competitors and to promote plant growth. The aim of this review is to present all NRPs produced or potentially produced by strains of Burkholderia, as NRPs represent a major source of active compounds implicated in biocontrol. The review is a compilation of results from a large screening we have performed on 48 complete sequenced genomes available in NCBI to identify NRPS gene clusters, and data found in the literature mainly because some interesting compounds are produced by strains not yet sequenced. In addition to NRPs, hybrids NRPs/PKs are also included. Specific features about biosynthetic gene clusters and structures of the modular enzymes responsible for the synthesis, the biological activities, and the potential uses in agriculture and pharmaceutical of NRPs and hybrids NRPs/PKs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qassim Esmaeel
- University Lille, INRA, ISA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV- Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes URVVC-EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Maude Pupin
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189- CRIStAL- Centre de Recherche en Informatique Signal et Automatique de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Inria-Lille Nord Europe, Bonsai team, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Jacques
- University Lille, INRA, ISA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV- Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
- TERRA Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech University of Liege, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Valérie Leclère
- University Lille, INRA, ISA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV- Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189- CRIStAL- Centre de Recherche en Informatique Signal et Automatique de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
- Inria-Lille Nord Europe, Bonsai team, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Esmaeel Q, Miotto L, Rondeau M, Leclère V, Clément C, Jacquard C, Sanchez L, Barka EA. Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN-Plants Interaction: From Perception to the Induced Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2093. [PMID: 30214441 PMCID: PMC6125355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-associated bacteria has received many scientific and economic attention as an effective and alternative method to reduce the chemical pesticides use in agriculture. The genus Burkholderia includes at least 90 species including pathogenic strains, plant pathogens, as well as plant beneficial species as those related to Paraburkholderia, which has been reported to be associated with plants and exerts a positive effect on plant growth and fitness. Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, a beneficial endophyte able to colonize a wide range of plants, is an established model for plant-associated endophytic bacteria. Indeed, in addition to its plant growth promoting ability, it can also induce plant resistance against biotic as well as abiotic stresses. Here, we summarized an inventory of knowledge on PsJN-plant interaction, from the perception to the resistance mechanisms induced in the plant by a way of the atypical colonization mode of this endophyte. We also have carried out an extensive genome analysis to identify all gene clusters which contribute to the adaptive mechanisms under different environments and partly explaining the high ecological competence of P. phytofirmans PsJN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qassim Esmaeel
- Unité de Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lidiane Miotto
- Unité de Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marine Rondeau
- Unité de Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Valérie Leclère
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV- Institut Charles Viollette, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Unité de Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- Unité de Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Essaid A Barka
- Unité de Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Rabhi NEH, Silini A, Cherif-Silini H, Yahiaoui B, Lekired A, Robineau M, Esmaeel Q, Jacquard C, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Clément C, Aït Barka E, Sanchez L. Pseudomonas knackmussii MLR6, a rhizospheric strain isolated from halophyte, enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1836-1851. [PMID: 30142236 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed for evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas knackmussii MLR6 on growth promotion, photosynthetic responses, pigment contents and gene expression of the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana under NaCl stress. METHODS AND RESULTS The strain MLR6 was isolated from the rhizopshere of the halophyte Salsola tetrandra collected from a natural saline Algerian soil. Results showed the ability of MLR6 to induce plant growth promoting traits even under NaCl stress. The inoculation with MLR6 improved the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate, the total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents under salt stress. It conferred also an increase of fresh/dry weight as well as plant height. MLR6 inoculation further provided a positive effect on cell membrane stability by reducing the electrolyte leakage and priming the ROS accumulation after the salt exposition. Additionally, the expression of NHX1, HKT1, SOS2, and SOS3 as well as SAG13 and PR1 was maintained in MLR6-bacterized plant at a similar level of controls. CONCLUSIONS The inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana with MLR6 improves plant growth and reduces damages caused by salt stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The use of Pseudomonas knackmussii MLR6 appears as a promising strategy to improve the sustainable agriculture under saline conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour El Houda Rabhi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbas, Sétif-1, Algérie
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Allaoua Silini
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbas, Sétif-1, Algérie
| | - Hafssa Cherif-Silini
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbas, Sétif-1, Algérie
| | - Bilal Yahiaoui
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Ferhat Abbas, Sétif-1, Algérie
| | - Abdelmalek Lekired
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives LMBA, Université de Tunis El Manar
| | - Mathilde Robineau
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Essaïd Aït Barka
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- Unité de Recherche EA, 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Lidor O, Dror O, Hamershlak D, Shoshana N, Belausov E, Zahavi T, Mozes-Daube N, Naor V, Zchori-Fein E, Iasur-Kruh L, Bahar O. Introduction of a putative biocontrol agent into a range of phytoplasma- and liberibacter-susceptible crop plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:811-819. [PMID: 29072824 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoplasma, the causative agent of Bois Noir disease of grapevines, are vectored by the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). A Dyella-like bacterium (DLB) isolated from H. obsoletus inhibits the growth of Spiroplasma melliferum, a cultivable relative of phytoplasma. Additional evidence suggests that DLB can reduce the symptoms of yellows disease in grapevine plantlets. The aim of this study was to test whether DLB could colonize a range of phytoplasma- and liberibacter-sensitive crop plants, and thus assess its potential agricultural use. RESULTS Vitex agnus-castus, the preferred host plant of H. obsoletus was found to be a natural host of DLB, which was successfully introduced into a range of crop plants belonging to seven families. The most effective DLB application method was foliar spraying. Microscopy observation revealed that DLB aggregated on the leaf surface and around the stomata, suggesting that this is its route of entry. DLB was also present in the vascular tissues of plants, indicating that it moved systemically through the plant. CONCLUSIONS DLB is a potential biocontrol agent and its broad spectrum of host plants indicates the possibility of its future use against a range of diseases caused by phloem-limited bacteria. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Lidor
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Orit Dror
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dor Hamershlak
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nofar Shoshana
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Microscopy Unit, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Netta Mozes-Daube
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Vered Naor
- Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel
- Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Einat Zchori-Fein
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Lilach Iasur-Kruh
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Ofir Bahar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Su F, Villaume S, Rabenoelina F, Crouzet J, Clément C, Vaillant-Gaveau N, Dhondt-Cordelier S. Different Arabidopsis thaliana photosynthetic and defense responses to hemibiotrophic pathogen induced by local or distal inoculation of Burkholderia phytofirmans. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:201-214. [PMID: 28840464 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen infection of plant results in modification of photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. Beneficial microorganisms are known to improve plant tolerance to stresses. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN (Bp), a beneficial endophytic bacterium, promotes growth of a wide range of plants and induces plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses such as coldness and infection by a necrotrophic pathogen. However, mechanisms underlying its role in plant tolerance towards (hemi)biotrophic invaders is still lacking. We thus decipher photosynthetic and defense responses during the interaction between Arabidopsis, Bp and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Different Bp inoculations allowed analyzes at both systemic and local levels. Despite no direct antibacterial action, our results showed that only local presence of Bp alleviates Pst growth in planta during the early stage of infection. Molecular investigations showed that seed inoculation of Bp, leading to a restricted presence in the root system, transiently primed PR1 expression after challenge with Pst but continuously primed PDF1.2 expression. Bacterization with Bp reduced Y(ND) but had no impact on PSII activity or RuBisCO accumulation. Pst infection caused an increase of Y(NA) and a decrease in ΦPSI, ETRI and in PSII activity, showed by a decrease in Fv/Fm, Y(NPQ), ΦPSII, and ETRII values. Inoculation with both bacteria did not display any variation in photosynthetic activity compared to plants inoculated with only Pst. Our findings indicated that the role of Bp here is not multifaceted, and relies only on priming of defense mechanisms but not on improving photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Su
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France.
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Timmermann T, Armijo G, Donoso R, Seguel A, Holuigue L, González B. Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Protects Arabidopsis thaliana Against a Virulent Strain of Pseudomonas syringae Through the Activation of Induced Resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:215-230. [PMID: 28118091 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-16-0192-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that stimulates plant growth and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study analyzed whether strain PsJN can reduce plant disease severity and proliferation of the virulent strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, in Arabidopsis plants, through the activation of induced resistance. Arabidopsis plants previously exposed to strain PsJN showed a reduction in disease severity and pathogen proliferation in leaves compared with noninoculated, infected plants. The plant defense-related genes WRKY54, PR1, ERF1, and PDF1.2 demonstrated increased and more rapid expression in strain PsJN-treated plants compared with noninoculated, infected plants. Transcriptional analyses and functional analysis using signaling mutant plants suggested that resistance to infection by DC3000 in plants treated with strain PsJN involves salicylic acid-, jasmonate-, and ethylene-signaling pathways to activate defense genes. Additionally, activation occurs through a specific PGPR-host recognition, being a necessary metabolically active state of the bacterium to trigger the resistance in Arabidopsis, with a strain PsJN-associated molecular pattern only partially involved in the resistance response. This study provides the first report on the mechanism used by the PGPR P. phytofirmans PsJN to protect A. thaliana against a widespread virulent pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Timmermann
- 1 Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- 3 Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Santiago, Chile; and
- 4 Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile
| | - Grace Armijo
- 2 Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 3 Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Raúl Donoso
- 1 Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- 3 Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Santiago, Chile; and
- 4 Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Seguel
- 2 Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 3 Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Loreto Holuigue
- 2 Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 3 Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Bernardo González
- 1 Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- 3 Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Santiago, Chile; and
- 4 Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile
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