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Cox CR, Swets JA, Gully B, Xiao J, Yraguen M. Death Concerns, Benefit-Finding, and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648609. [PMID: 34093336 PMCID: PMC8170023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, reminders of death are particularly salient. Although much terror management theory research demonstrates that people engage in defensive tactics to manage mortality awareness, other work shows that existential concerns can motivate growth-oriented actions to improve health. The present study explored the associative link between coronavirus anxieties, fear of death, and participants' well-being. Results, using structural equation modeling, found that increased mortality concerns stemming from COVID-19 were associated with heightened benefit finding (e.g., relationship investment, gratefulness, patience) from the pandemic. Increased benefit finding, in turn, was related to higher life satisfaction, meaning in life, self-esteem, resilience, and vitality while also correlating negatively with depression and stress scores. There was no evidence for reverse mediation in that fear of mortality did not predict well-being through coronavirus worries. Overall, although many persons have experienced mental health concerns (e.g., fear, stress) as a function of the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings demonstrate positive benefits that paradoxically follow in terms of an increased appreciation of life, improved relationships, and better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy R. Cox
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Mei Z, Lori A, Vattathil SM, Boyle PA, Bradley B, Jin P, Bennett DA, Wingo TS, Wingo AP. Important Correlates of Purpose in Life Identified Through a Machine Learning Approach. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:488-498. [PMID: 33046355 PMCID: PMC8004535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A wealth of evidence has linked purpose in life (PiL) to better mental and physical health and healthy aging. Here, the authors aimed to determine important correlates of PiL using a machine learning approach. METHODS Participants were recruited from retirement communities by the Rush Memory and Aging Project and assessed for childhood experience, adulthood sociodemographic factors (e.g., education, income, marital status), lifestyle and health behavior (e.g., cognitively stimulating activities, exercise, social activities, social network size), psychological factors (e.g., depression, loneliness, perceived discrimination, perceived social support), personality traits (e.g., PiL, harm avoidance), and medical conditions. Elastic Net was implemented to identify important correlates of PiL. RESULTS A total of 1,839 participants were included in our analysis. Among the 23 variables provided to Elastic Net, 10 were identified as important correlates of PiL. In order of decreasing effect size, factors associated with lower PiL were loneliness, harm avoidance, older age, and depressive symptoms, while those associated with greater PiL were perceived social support, more social activities, more years of education, higher income, intact late-life cognitive performance, and more middle-age cognitive activities. CONCLUSION Our findings identify potentially important modifiable factors as targets for intervention strategies to enhance PiL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mei
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Selina M Vattathil
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Division of Mental Health, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Aliza P Wingo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Division of Mental Health, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA.
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. A Longitudinal Examination of the Association Between Meaning in Life, Resilience, and Mental Well-Being in Times of Coronavirus Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:645597. [PMID: 33995201 PMCID: PMC8113805 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease possesses an important threat to people's health and well-being. The purpose of the present study is to longitudinally examine whether meaning in life before the pandemic increases resilience and mental well-being during the coronavirus pandemic. The sample of the study comprised 172 young adults (72% women) in a public university in an urban city of Turkey. Participants ranged in age between 18 and 40 years (M = 20.87, SD = 3.92). Mediation analyses were performed to examine the impacts of meaning in life on the outcomes across the two waves of data. Findings from these analyses revealed that meaning in life before the pandemic had a significant predictive effect on resilience and mental well-being of young adults during the coronavirus disease. Resilience also mediated the impacts of meaning in life on mental well-being indicators at the second time. These results suggest the importance of meaning-based preventions and interventions designed to build up resilience experiences for improving psychological health and well-being during a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.,International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Karayigit C, Wood J. Where Emerging Adults in the United States Find Meaning in Life. ADULTSPAN JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsp.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie Wood
- Department of Psychology and Counseling Pittsburg State University
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Hulsink W, Rauch A. About the lives and times of extraordinary entrepreneurs: The methodological contribution of autobiographies to the life course theory of entrepreneurship. JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00472778.2020.1865538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willem Hulsink
- Rotterdam School of Management, Department of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Rauch
- Business School, Strategy, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, University of Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Innovation, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
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Collin V, O´Selmo E, Whitehead P. Psychological distress and the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK dentists during a national lockdown. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-020-2592-5. [PMID: 33483706 PMCID: PMC7821171 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Dentists are known to function under stressful conditions. It is important to monitor, examine and understand the psychological effects the unprecedented challenge of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had.Aims To compare levels of psychological distress in UK dentists, before and during the pandemic, to determine if this was affected.Materials and methods An online survey collected demographic data, levels of psychological distress (GP-CORE) and experiences from UK dentists during the 'national lockdown' period of the pandemic. Statistical and thematic analyses were performed and data compared with previous research.Results Psychological distress was lower in UK dentists during the national lockdown period when compared to previous research using the same measure. GDPs, those in England and those with mixed commitment reported the highest levels of psychological distress. Most dentists had been affected by the pandemic. Some who were remotely working during this time valued the time away from the profession, relishing the absence of regulatory and contractual stressors, and used lockdown as an opportunity to re-evaluate their lives and careers. Others found the conditions stressful with some previously acknowledged stressors remaining and novel stressors introduced.Conclusions We argue that the altered balance of stressors and the resulting reduced psychological distress is further evidence of the need for reform of the profession to improve working lives. Given the importance of mental health and wellbeing, it is vital that monitoring continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Collin
- Policy and Research, British Dental Association, 64 Wimpole Street, W1G 8YS London, UK
| | - Ellena O´Selmo
- Policy and Research, British Dental Association, 64 Wimpole Street, W1G 8YS London, UK
| | - Penny Whitehead
- Policy and Research, British Dental Association, 64 Wimpole Street, W1G 8YS London, UK
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Nakao R, Nitta A, Yumiba M, Ota K, Kamohara S, Ohnishi M. Factors related to ikigai among older residents participating in hillside residential community-based activities in Nagasaki City, Japan. J Rural Med 2021; 16:42-46. [PMID: 33442434 PMCID: PMC7788305 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2020-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to investigate the factors related to
self-rated ikigai (purpose in life) among older residents participating
in hillside residential community-based activities in Nagasaki City. Methods: A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was carried out
with older residents participating in two hillside residential community-based activities
in Nagasaki City, Japan. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic
information (age, sex, family structure, education, and self-rated economic satisfaction),
self-rated health, mental health status measured using Geriatric Depression Scale-15
(GDS-15), and self-rated ikigai score that was estimated using a visual analog scale. Results: A total of 32 older residents (7 males, 25 females) participated in
the questionnaire survey. Although self-rated ikigai score was not associated with
sociodemographic factors, there were associations between the score, self-rated health
(P=0.001), and mental health (GDS-15) (P=0.015).
Statistically significant correlations between self-rated ikigai score and social
participation (ρ=0.426, P=0.017), self-rated health (ρ=−0.485,
P=0.007), and mental health (GDS-15) (ρ=−0.523,
P=0.007) were observed. Conclusion: Increasing social participation may increase individual ikigai,
preventing poor self-rated health and low mental health status in older people.
Maintaining their social participation in the community might be effective for the health
promotion of older residents in hillside residential areas of Nagasaki City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Nakao
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | | | | | - Kanon Ota
- University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Mayumi Ohnishi
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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Abstract
Social media (SoMe) can be an effective professional tool for the gastroenterologist or trainee. SoMe can support a gastroenterologist's efforts to brand themselves, network, learn, educate, and advocate for patients. SoMe for professional use should be approached with specific aims in mind, in order to optimize impact and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Bloom
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Rajitha D Venkatesh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evan S Dellon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joy W Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Hudig J, Scheepers AWA, Schippers MC, Smeets G. Motivational Mindsets and Reasons for Studying: Development and Validation of a Classification Tool. Front Psychol 2020; 11:535801. [PMID: 33391065 PMCID: PMC7773725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.535801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
First-year university students have multiple motives for studying and these motives may interact. Yet, past research has primarily focused on a variable-centered, dimensional approach missing out on the possibility to study the joint effect of multiple motives that students may have. Examining the interplay between motives is key to (a) better explain student differences in study success and wellbeing, and (b) to understand different effects that interventions can have in terms of wellbeing and study success. We therefore applied a student-centered, multidimensional approach in which we explored motivational profiles of first-year university students by combining three dimensions of motives for studying (self-transcendent, self-oriented, and extrinsic) which have been shown to be differently related to academic functioning. Using cluster analysis in two independent, consecutive university student cohorts (n = 763 and n = 815), we identified four meaningful profiles and coined them motivational mindsets. We validated the four mindset profiles not only within each student sample but also found almost identical profiles between the student samples. The motivational mindset profiles were labeled: high-impact mindset, low-impact mindset, social-impact mindset, and self-impact mindset. In addition to validating the paradigm, we developed a mindset classification tool to further use these mindsets in practice and in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Hudig
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ad W. A. Scheepers
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Guus Smeets
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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de Jong EM, Ziegler N, Schippers MC. From Shattered Goals to Meaning in Life: Life Crafting in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2020; 11:577708. [PMID: 33178081 PMCID: PMC7593511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel COVID-19 pandemic has created an extraordinary situation for our generation, with many countries being on lockdown. With this, new situation comes many psychological challenges not only for health care workers and people suffering from COVID-19 but also for the general population. Adapting to the new situation can be demanding. Experts have suggested that emotions during this situation are very similar to grief, and people experience emptiness and sadness about the loss of their normal lives, which can even lead to a loss of meaning in life. In this paper, we argue that life crafting could offer a way to help people cope with the situation and renew their sense of meaning. A life crafting intervention is based on theoretical insights from multiple areas of research, like positive psychology, expressive writing, and the salutogenesis framework. Life-crafting interventions help people find meaning in life by focusing on their ideal future, and helping them set goals, and make concrete plans to achieve those goals and overcome obstacles. Since having a clear purpose or meaning in life has been shown to have many benefits, we propose that it can also help people to cope with the psychological effects of the pandemic. A life-crafting intervention can offer people a chance to evaluate their goals in a time of uncertainty and rediscover meaning in life to guide them through these difficult times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. de Jong
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Schippers MC. For the Greater Good? The Devastating Ripple Effects of the Covid-19 Crisis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:577740. [PMID: 33132987 PMCID: PMC7550468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the crisis around Covid-19 evolves, it becomes clear that there are numerous negative side-effects of the lockdown strategies implemented by many countries. Currently, more evidence becomes available that the lockdowns may have more negative effects than positive effects. For instance, many measures taken in a lockdown aimed at protecting human life may compromise the immune system, and purpose in life, especially of vulnerable groups. This leads to the paradoxical situation of compromising the immune system and physical and mental health of many people, including the ones we aim to protect. Also, it is expected that hundreds of millions of people will die from hunger and postponed medical treatments. Other side effects include financial insecurity of billions of people, physical and mental health problems, and increased inequalities. The economic and health repercussions of the crisis will be falling disproportionately on young workers, low-income families and women, and thus exacerbate existing inequalities. As the virus outbreak and media coverage spread fear and anxiety, superstition, cognitive dissonance reduction and conspiracy theories are ways to find meaning and reduce anxiety. These behavioral aspects may play a role in the continuance of lockdown decisions. Based on theories regarding agnotology (i.e., the ways ignorance or doubt about certain topics is created by means of withholding or presenting information in a certain way), social influence, superstition and stress and coping, I seek to explain the social and behavioral aspects of human behavior in times of crises. Both the Covid-19 crisis itself as well as the resulting economic and (mental) health crisis are global problems that may require global solutions. I present a model of drivers and outcomes of lockdown behaviors and offer suggestions and a tool to counteract the negative psychological effects by means of online life crafting therapeutic writing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaéla C. Schippers
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Lewis NA. Purpose in life as a guiding framework for goal engagement and motivation. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Lewis
- Department of Psychology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
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Kotera Y, Van Laethem M, Ohshima R. Cross-cultural comparison of mental health between Japanese and Dutch workers: relationships with mental health shame, self-compassion, work engagement and motivation. CROSS CULTURAL & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ccsm-02-2020-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe primary purpose of this descriptive study was to compare the levels of, and relationships among mental health problems, mental health shame, self-compassion, work engagement and work motivation between workers in Japan (collectivistic and success-driven culture) and the Netherlands (individualistic and quality-oriented culture).Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional design, where convenience samples of 165 Japanese and 160 Dutch workers completed self-report measures about mental health problems, shame, self-compassion, engagement and motivation, was used. Welch t-tests, correlation and regression analyses were conducted to compare (1) the levels of these variables, (2) relationships among these variables and (3) predictors of mental health problems, between the two groups.FindingsDutch workers had higher levels of mental health problems, work engagement and intrinsic motivation, and lower levels of shame and amotivation than Japanese workers. Mental health problems were associated with shame in both samples. Mental health problems were negatively predicted by self-compassion in Japanese, and by work engagement in Dutch employees.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study relates to exploring differences in work mental health between those two culturally contrasting countries. Our findings highlight potential cultural differences such as survey responding (Japanese acquiescent responding vs Dutch self-enhancement) and cultural emphases (Japanese shame vs Dutch quality of life). Job crafting, mindfulness and enhancing ikigai (meaningfulness in life) may be helpful to protect mental health in these workers, relating to self-compassion and work engagement. Findings from this study would be particularly useful to employers, managers and staff in human resources who work with cross-cultural workforce.
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Dekker I, De Jong EM, Schippers MC, De Bruijn-Smolders M, Alexiou A, Giesbers B. Optimizing Students' Mental Health and Academic Performance: AI-Enhanced Life Crafting. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1063. [PMID: 32581935 PMCID: PMC7286028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three university students experiences mental health problems during their study. A similar percentage leaves higher education without obtaining the degree for which they enrolled. Research suggests that both mental health problems and academic underperformance could be caused by students lacking control and purpose while they are adjusting to tertiary education. Currently, universities are not designed to cater to all the personal needs and mental health problems of large numbers of students at the start of their studies. Within the literature aimed at preventing mental health problems among students (e.g., anxiety or depression), digital forms of therapy recently have been suggested as potentially scalable solutions to address these problems. Integrative psychological artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of a chatbot, for example, shows great potential as an evidence-based solution. At the same time, within the literature aimed at improving academic performance, the online life-crafting intervention in which students write about values and passions, goals, and goal-attainment plans has shown to improve the academic performance and retention rates of students. Because the life-crafting intervention is delivered through the curriculum and doesn't bear the stigma that is associated with therapy, it can reach larger populations of students. But life-crafting lacks the means for follow-up or the interactiveness that online AI-guided therapy can offer. In this narrative review, we propose to integrate the current literature on chatbot interventions aimed at the mental health of students with research about a life-crafting intervention that uses an inclusive curriculum-wide approach. When a chatbot asks students to prioritize both academic as well as social and health-related goals and provides personalized follow-up coaching, this can prevent -often interrelated- academic and mental health problems. Right on-time delivery, and personalized follow-up questions enhance the effects of both -originally separated- intervention types. Research on this new combination of interventions should use design principles that increase user-friendliness and monitor the technology acceptance of its participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaak Dekker
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. De Jong
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michaéla C. Schippers
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique De Bruijn-Smolders
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Alexiou
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Management, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Bas Giesbers
- Information Management and Consulting, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Schippers MC, Morisano D, Locke EA, Scheepers AW, Latham GP, de Jong EM. Writing about personal goals and plans regardless of goal type boosts academic performance. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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