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Yan Z, Xiong J, Zhao C, Qin C, He C. Decreasing cartilage damage in a rat model of osteoarthritis by intra-articular injection of deoxycholic acid. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:9038-9045. [PMID: 26309557 PMCID: PMC4538145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of intra-articular injection of Deoxycholic acid (DCA) on articular cartilage and subchondral bone following induction of knee Osteoarthritis (OA) in a rat model. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomized divided into 4 groups (n = 6). Eighteen of the 24 rats underwent surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus on the right knee joints to induce OA, were divided into 3 groups: DCA 30 mg/kg group, DCA 120 mg/kg group and OA group. The rats in DCA-treated groups were given intra-articular injections of DCA (30 mg/kg or 120 mg/kg) in the operated knees once per 3 days for 42 days. The rats in OA group given intra-articular injections of vehicle alone in the operated knees under the same conditions. The remaining 6 rats (sham-operation group) received sham operations on the right knee joints. 45 days postoperatively, all of the animals were euthanized for macroscopic, histological and radiographic analysis to evaluate the effect of DCA on OA and to determine its potential mechanisms. RESULTS The results showed that DCA attenuated the severity of OA by reducing macroscopic observation sores for femoral condyles and histological sores for articular cartilage. DCA also significantly decreased bone destruction and erosion of joint evaluated by radiographic examination. Furthermore, DCA could markedly reduce the release of MMP-1, MMP-3 and IL-1β in serum. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular injection of DCA is beneficial for knee OA. It might repair and protect OA cartilage by delaying cartilage degeneration and impairing the function of inflammatory mediators. These findings highlight DCA might be a useful therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, China
| | - Jianbin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liuzhou People’s HospitalLiuzhou 545006, China
| | - Chunyang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004, China
| | - Chenhao Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004, China
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Noponen V, Toikkanen K, Kalenius E, Kuosmanen R, Salo H, Sievänen E. Stimuli-responsive bile acid-based metallogels forming in aqueous media. Steroids 2015; 97:54-61. [PMID: 25448361 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and gelation properties of a picolinic acid conjugated bile acid derivative in the presence of metal salts along with the stimuli-responsiveness of the systems are reported. The gels are formed in the presence of Cu(2+) ions in the solvent systems composed of 30-50% of organic solvent (MeOH, acetonitrile, or acetone) in water. The gels respond to various stimuli: they can be formed upon sonication or shaking, and their gel-sol transformation can be triggered by a variety of chemical species. NMR, MS, and SEM techniques are exploited in order to gain a deeper insight on the self-assembled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Noponen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Katri Toikkanen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Kuosmanen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Salo
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Sievänen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Vandekerckhove S, D'hooghe M. Quinoline-based antimalarial hybrid compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:5098-119. [PMID: 25593097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline-containing compounds, such as quinine and chloroquine, have a long-standing history as potent antimalarial agents. However, the increasing resistance of the Plasmodium parasite against these drugs and the lack of licensed malaria vaccines have forced chemists to develop synthetic strategies toward novel biologically active molecules. A strategy that has attracted considerable attention in current medicinal chemistry is based on the conjugation of two biologically active molecules into one hybrid compound. Since quinolines are considered to be privileged antimalarial building blocks, the synthesis of quinoline-containing antimalarial hybrids has been elaborated extensively in recent years. This review provides a literature overview of antimalarial hybrid molecules containing a quinoline core, covering publications between 2009 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Vandekerckhove
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Turkyilmaz M, Genc F. Multistep Synthesis of Phosphazene Derivative of Chenodeoxycholicacid (CDCA). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.887080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Trakya University 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fatma Genc
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Trakya University 22030, Edirne, Turkey
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Sokolova NV, Nenajdenko VG. Azidoisocyanides, New Bifunctional Reagents for Multicomponent Reactions and Biomolecule Modifications. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Voloshin I, Hahn-Obercyger M, Anavi S, Tirosh O. L-arginine conjugates of bile acids-a possible treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:69. [PMID: 24750587 PMCID: PMC4021351 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuum of diseases that include simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) ultimately leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver failure. Currently there is no approved treatment for NASH. It is known that bile acids not only have physiological roles in lipid digestion but also have strong hormonal properties. We have synthesized a novel chenodeoxycholyl-arginine ethyl ester conjugate (CDCArg) for the treatment of NAFLD. Methods Chemical synthesis of CDCArg was performed. Experiments for prevention and treatment of NAFLD were carried out on C57BL/6 J male mice that were treated with high fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat). CDCArg or cholic acid bile acids were admixture into the diets. Food consumption, weight gain, liver histology, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, biochemical analysis and blood parameters were assessed at the end of the experiment after 5 weeks of diet (prevention study) or after 14 weeks of diet (treatment study). In the treatment study CDCArg was admixture into the diet at weeks 10–14. Results In comparison to HFD treated mice, mice treated with HFD supplemented with CDCArg, showed reduced liver steatosis, reduced body weight and decreased testicular fat and liver tissue mass. Blood glucose, cholesterol, insulin and leptin levels were also lower in this group. No evidence of toxicity of CDCArg was recorded. In fact, liver injury, as evaluated using plasma hepatic enzyme levels, was low in mice treated with HFD and CDCArg when compared to mice treated with HFD and cholic acid. Conclusion CDCArg supplementation protected the liver against HFD-induced NAFLD without any toxic effects. These results indicate that basic amino acids e.g., L-arginine and bile acids conjugates may be a potential therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H, Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Li Q, Liu T, Li Y, Luo S, Zhu Q, Zhang L, Zhao T. Transport and killing mechanism of a novel camptothecin-deoxycholic acid derivate on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Drug Target 2014; 22:543-52. [PMID: 24725118 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.906603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Camptothecin-20(s)-O-glycine ester-[N-(3'α, 12'α-dihydroxy-24'-carbonyl-5'β-cholan)] (A2), 10-(3'α,12'α-dihydroxy-5'β-cholan-24'-carboxyl)-(20 s)-camptothecin (C2), and 10-O-(3-O-(3'α, 12'α-dihydroxy-24'-carbonyl-5'β-cholan)-propyl)-(20S)-camptothecin (D2) are novel camptothecin-deoxycholic acid analogues. MTT assays were performed to assess the anticancer activity of these compounds against hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721, breast carcinoma MCF-7, and colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells. A2 had a high killing ability on SMMC-7721 cells selectively, but C2 and D2 did not exhibit selectivity with regard to SMMC-7721 killing. Uptake assays were performed in an effort to elucidate the transport mechanisms of A2 into SMMC-7721 cells. A2 increased the mRNA expression of OATP1B3 (an organic anion-transporting polypeptide) and uptake of A2 was inhibited by rifampin (inhibitor of OATP1B3), which indicated that the transporter-mediated transport of A2 was mediated by OATP1B3. In addition, according to the western blot and apoptosis assays, we found that A2 killed SMMC-7721 cells by inducing cell apoptosis mainly via an AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) pathway and a caspase-dependent mitochondria apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
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59
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Pal S, Ghosh Roy S, De P. Synthesis via RAFT polymerization of thermo- and pH-responsive random copolymers containing cholic acid moieties and their self-assembly in water. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Clemmen A, Boutton C, Vanlandschoot P, Wittelsberger A, Borghmans I, Coppens A, Casteels P, Madder A. Straightforward synthesis of cholic acid stabilized loop mimetics. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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González PM, Lagos CF, Ward WC, Polli JE. Structural requirements of the human sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT): role of 3- and 7-OH moieties on binding and translocation of bile acids. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:588-98. [PMID: 24328955 DOI: 10.1021/mp400575t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are the end products of cholesterol metabolism. One of the critical steps in their biosynthesis involves the isomerization of the 3β-hydroxyl (-OH) group on the cholestane ring to the common 3α-configuration on BAs. BAs are actively recaptured from the small intestine by the human Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter (hASBT) with high affinity and capacity. Previous studies have suggested that no particular hydroxyl group on BAs is critical for binding or transport by hASBT, even though 3β-hydroxylated BAs were not examined. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the 3α-OH group on BAs binding and translocation by hASBT. Ten 3β-hydroxylated BAs (Iso-bile acids, iBAs) were synthesized, characterized, and subjected to hASBT inhibition and uptake studies. hASBT inhibition and uptake kinetics of iBAs were compared to that of native 3α-OH BAs. Glycine conjugates of native and isomeric BAs were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to identify topological descriptors related to binding and translocation by hASBT. Iso-BAs bound to hASBT with lower affinity and exhibited reduced translocation than their respective 3α-epimers. Kinetic data suggests that, in contrast to native BAs where hASBT binding is the rate-limiting step, iBAs transport was rate-limited by translocation and not binding. Remarkably, 7-dehydroxylated iBAs were not hASBT substrates, highlighting the critical role of 7-OH group on BA translocation by hASBT, especially for iBAs. Conformational analysis of gly-iBAs and native BAs identified topological features for optimal binding as: concave steroidal nucleus, 3-OH "on-" or below-steroidal plane, 7-OH below-plane, and 12-OH moiety toward-plane. Our results emphasize the relevance of the 3α-OH group on BAs for proper hASBT binding and transport and revealed the critical role of 7-OH group on BA translocation, particularly in the absence of a 3α-OH group. Results have implications for BA prodrug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M González
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Av Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
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Bildziukevich U, Rárová L, Saman D, Havlíček L, Drašar P, Wimmer Z. Amides derived from heteroaromatic amines and selected steryl hemiesters. Steroids 2013; 78:1347-52. [PMID: 24145008 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current interest of the team has been focused on investigation of novel amides with potential cytotoxicity. The presented series of compounds was synthesized from selected steryl hemiesters and heteroaromatic amines. The synthetic protocol was designed in a simple and economic way, and divided into several general methodologies applicable to the compounds synthesized. The cytotoxicity was tested on cells derived from human T-lymphoblastic leukemia, breast adenocarcinoma and cervical cancer, and compared with tests on normal human fibroblasts. Most of the lanosterol-based compounds (3-5 and 7-10) showed medium to good cytotoxicity, while only two derivatives of cholesterol (18 and 19) showed medium cytotoxicity on human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. The compounds 8 and 9 displayed the reasonable cytotoxicity among this series of amides, tested on the cell lines of T-lymphoblastic leukemia [14.5±0.4 μM (8) and 18.5±3.9 μM (9)], breast adenocarcinoma [19.5±2.1 μM (8) and 23.1±4.0 μM (9)] and cervical cancer [24.8±5.3 μM (8) and 29.1±4.7 μM (9)]. Only the compound 8 was adequately less active on normal human fibroblasts (40.4±11.1 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzimir Bildziukevich
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Leverrier A, Bero J, Frédérich M, Quetin-Leclercq J, Palermo J. Antiparasitic hybrids of Cinchona alkaloids and bile acids. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:355-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Matsui S, Yamane T, Takita T, Oishi Y, Kobayashi-Hattori K. The hypocholesterolemic activity of Momordica charantia fruit is mediated by the altered cholesterol- and bile acid–regulating gene expression in rat liver. Nutr Res 2013; 33:580-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khatun Z, Nurunnabi M, Reeck GR, Cho KJ, Lee YK. Oral delivery of taurocholic acid linked heparin-docetaxel conjugates for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2013; 170:74-82. [PMID: 23665255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized taurocholic acid (TCA) linked heparin-docetaxel (DTX) conjugates for oral delivery of anticancer drug. The ternary biomolecular conjugates formed self-assembly nanoparticles where docetaxel was located inside the core and taurocholic acid was located on the surface of the nanoparticles. The coupled taurocholic acid in the nanoparticles had enhanced oral absorption, presumably through the stimulation of a bile acid transporter of the small intestine. The oral absorption profile demonstrated that the concentration of the conjugates in plasma is about 6 fold higher than heparin alone. An anti-tumor study in MDA-MB231 and KB tumor bearing mice showed significant tumor growth inhibition activity by the ternary biomolecular conjugates. Ki-67 histology study also showed evidence of anticancer activity of the nanoparticles. Finally, noninvasive imaging using a Kodak Molecular Imaging System demonstrated that the nanoparticles were accumulated efficiently in tumors. Thus, this approach for oral delivery using taurocholic acid in the ternary biomolecular conjugates is promising for treatment of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehedina Khatun
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, Republic of Korea
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Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, Sá e Melo ML. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:324-74. [PMID: 23151898 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroids, a widespread class of natural organic compounds occurring in animals, plants and fungi, have shown great therapeutic value for a broad array of pathologies. The present overview is focused on the anticancer activity of steroids, which is very representative of a rich structural molecular diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets and pathways. This review encompasses the most relevant discoveries on steroid anticancer drugs and leads through the last decade and comprises 668 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-508, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Rivera DG, León F, Concepción O, Morales FE, Wessjohann LA. A multiple multicomponent approach to chimeric peptide-peptoid podands. Chemistry 2013; 19:6417-28. [PMID: 23512744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The success of multi-armed, peptide-based receptors in supramolecular chemistry traditionally is not only based on the sequence but equally on an appropriate positioning of various peptidic chains to create a multivalent array of binding elements. As a faster, more versatile and alternative access toward (pseudo)peptidic receptors, a new approach based on multiple Ugi four-component reactions (Ugi-4CR) is proposed as a means of simultaneously incorporating several binding and catalytic elements into organizing scaffolds. By employing α-amino acids either as the amino or acid components of the Ugi-4CRs, this multiple multicomponent process allows for the one-pot assembly of podands bearing chimeric peptide-peptoid chains as appended arms. Tripodal, bowl-shaped, and concave polyfunctional skeletons are employed as topologically varied platforms for positioning the multiple peptidic chains formed by Ugi-4CRs. In a similar approach, steroidal building blocks with several axially-oriented isocyano groups are synthesized and utilized to align the chimeric chains with conformational constrains, thus providing an alternative to the classical peptido-steroidal receptors. The branched and hybrid peptide-peptoid appendages allow new possibilities for both rational design and combinatorial production of synthetic receptors. The concept is also expandable to other multicomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Rivera
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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68
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Perrone D, Bortolini O, Fogagnolo M, Marchesi E, Mari L, Massarenti C, Navacchia ML, Sforza F, Varani K, Capobianco ML. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of deoxyadenosine–bile acid conjugates linked with 1,2,3-triazole. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang W, Chen K, Qu D, Chi W, Xiong W, Huang Y, Wen J, Feng S, Zhang B. One pot conjugation of small molecules to RNA using click chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vida N, Svobodová H, Rárová L, Drašar P, Saman D, Cvačka J, Wimmer Z. Polyamine conjugates of stigmasterol. Steroids 2012; 77:1212-8. [PMID: 22850319 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new polyamine conjugates with stigmasterol [(3β,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol] were synthesized and subjected to basic antimicrobial and cytotoxic tests. The conjugate derived from spermine, (3β,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yl 4(12-amino-4,9-diaza-dodecylamino)-4-oxobutanoate (5c), displayed considerable antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus at low concentration (50 μg mL(-1)). The cytotoxic activity was tested on cells of human T-lymfoblastic leukemia (IC(50)=35.8 ± 10.3 μM (5c) and IC(50)=35.9 ± 5.7 μM (5b)) and normal human fibroblasts (IC(50)=38.0 ± 2.8 μM (5c) and IC(50)=45.5 ± 1.9 μM (5b)). Conjugate 5a displayed no activity in both tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Vida
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ahonen KV, Lahtinen MK, Löfman MS, Kiesilä AM, Valkonen AM, Sievänen EI, Kolehmainen ET. Structural studies of five novel bile acid-4-aminopyridine conjugates. Steroids 2012; 77:1141-51. [PMID: 22813632 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and solid-state structural characterization of five bile acid amides of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) are reported. Systematic crystallization experiments revealed a number of structural modifications and/or solvate/hydrate systems for these conjugates. Particularly, cholic acid conjugate exhibited five distinct structure modifications, including one anhydrous form, mono- and dihydrates, as well as ethanol and 2-butanol solvates. The obtained crystal forms were examined extensively with various analytical methods, including solid-state NMR, Raman, and IR spectroscopies, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. After releasing their crystal solvent molecules, the resulted non-solvated structure forms showed 50-75°C higher melting points than corresponding bile acids, and thermal degradation occurred for all conjugates at about 300-330°C. Moreover, the single crystal X-ray structure of the ursodeoxycholic acid-4-aminopyridine conjugate is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari V Ahonen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Satyanarayana TBN, Maitra U, Savyasachi AJ. Synthesis of Cholic Acid Oligomer-Taurine Conjugates: A Study of Their Aggregation and Cholesterol Solubilization. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nagant C, Savage PB, Dehaye JP. Effect of pluronic acid F-127 on the toxicity towards eukaryotic cells of CSA-13, a cationic steroid analogue of antimicrobial peptides. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:1173-83. [PMID: 22469097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS CSA-13 is an antimicrobial cationic steroid with some toxicity against eukaryotic cells. The purpose of this work was to test whether pluronic acid F-127 could interfere with the toxicity of CSA-13 on human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) without modifying its bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS AND RESULTS The addition of pluronic acid F-127 slightly decreased the number of dead cells after exposure to CSA-13. Pluronic acid F-127 blocked the permeabilizing effect of CSA-13 on the plasma membrane of HUVEC (uptake of ethidium bromide, release of lactate dehydrogenase) without modifying its toxic effect on their mitochondrial function (MTT test, uptake of tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester). CONCLUSION Pluronic acid F-127 decreased the toxicity of CSA-13 against eukaryotic cells without completely protecting them from mitochondrial damage at high concentrations of the drug. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work establishes that studies on the toxic effects of synthetic antimicrobials on eukaryotic cells should not only focus on the permeability of the plasma membrane but also on the integrity of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nagant
- Laboratoire de Chimie biologique et médicale et de Microbiologie pharmaceutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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74
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Kolhatkar V, Polli JE. Structural requirements of bile acid transporters: C-3 and C-7 modifications of steroidal hydroxyl groups. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:86-99. [PMID: 22387310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) are potential prodrug targets, but the structural requirements for these transporters are incompletely defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of C-3 and C-7 substitution on bile acid interaction with these bile acid transporters. Nineteen bile acid analogs were tested against ASBT and NTCP for binding, as well as translocation. Results indicated that ASBT and NTCP accommodated a wide range of substituents for binding, but all major C-7 modifications resulted in analogs that did not demonstrate active uptake by either ASBT or NTCP. A C-3 modification that was not tolerated at C-7 still afforded translocation via ASBT and NTCP, confirming the relative unacceptability of C-7 modification. Both ASBT and NTCP demonstrated a generally similar binding potency. Results suggest that drug conjugation to the C-3 hydroxyl group, rather than C-7, has potential to lead to a successful prodrug targeting ASBT and NTCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Kolhatkar
- Univerisity of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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75
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Ivanysenko O, Strandman S, Zhu XX. Triazole-linked polyamides and polyesters derived from cholic acid. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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76
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Abstract
Bile acids possess many important physiological functions. They have been shown to play pivotal roles in the absorption of dietary lipids and fat soluble vitamins as well as in regulating bile acid homeostasis, lipoprotein and glucose metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that bile acid signaling pathway plays an important role in normal liver regeneration. This review aims to elucidate the potential role of the bile acid signaling pathway in liver regeneration and to highlight possible mechanisms involved.
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77
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Bile acid alkylamide derivatives as low molecular weight organogelators: Systematic gelation studies and qualitative structural analysis of the systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:633-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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78
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Kramer W. Transporters, Trojan horses and therapeutics: suitability of bile acid and peptide transporters for drug delivery. Biol Chem 2011; 392:77-94. [PMID: 21194371 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters are major determinants for the pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy behavior of drugs. Available technologies to study function and structure of transport proteins has strongly stimulated research in transporter biology and uncovered their importance for the drug discovery and development process, especially for drug absorption and disposition. Physiological transport systems are investigated as potential ferries to improve drug absorption and membrane permeation and to achieve organ-specific drug action. In particular, the bile acid transport systems in the liver and the small intestine and the oligopeptide transporters are of significant importance for molecular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kramer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Gebäude G 879, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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79
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Novel liver-specific cholic acid-cytarabine conjugates with potent antitumor activities: Synthesis and biological characterization. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:664-72. [PMID: 21516131 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cytarabine is an efficient anticancer agent for acute myelogenous leukemia, but with short plasma half-life and rapid deamination to its inactive metabolite. The aim of this study was to design and synthesize novel cholic acid-cytarabine conjugates to improve its pharmacokinetic parameters. METHODS The in vitro stability of novel cholic acid-cytarabine conjugates was investigated in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid, mouse blood and liver homogenate using HPLC. The portacaval samples of the conjugates were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats using LC/MS, and in vivo distribution was examined in male Kunming mice using LC/MS. Antitumor activities were tested in HL60 cells using MTT assay. RESULTS Cholic acid-cytarabine compounds with four different linkers were designed and synthesized. All the four cholic acid-cytarabine conjugates could release cytarabine when incubated with the simulated gastric and intestinal fluid, mouse blood and liver homogenate. The conjugates 6, 12, and 16 were present in the portacaval samples, whereas the conjugate 7 was not detected. The conjugates 6 and 16 showed high specificity in targeting the liver (liver target index 34.9 and 16.3, respectively) and good absorption in vivo, as compared with cytarabine. In cytarabine-sensitive HL60 cells, the conjugates 6, 12, and 16 retained potent antitumor activities. CONCLUSION Three novel cholic acid-cytarabine conjugates with good liver-targeting properties and absorption were obtained. Further optimization of the conjugates is needed in the future.
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80
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Warren MS, Rautio J. Prodrugs Designed to Target Transporters for Oral Drug Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527633166.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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81
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Sokolova NV, Latyshev GV, Lukashev NV, Nenajdenko VG. Design and synthesis of bile acid–peptide conjugates linked via triazole moiety. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4921-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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82
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Abstract
Membrane transporters expressed by the hepatocyte and enterocyte play critical roles in maintaining the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, an effective recycling and conservation mechanism that largely restricts these potentially cytotoxic detergents to the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments. In doing so, the hepatic and enterocyte transport systems ensure a continuous supply of bile acids to be used repeatedly during the digestion of multiple meals throughout the day. Absorption of bile acids from the intestinal lumen and export into the portal circulation is mediated by a series of transporters expressed on the enterocyte apical and basolateral membranes. The ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid cotransporter (abbreviated ASBT; gene symbol, SLC10A2) is responsible for the initial uptake of bile acids across the enterocyte brush border membrane. The bile acids are then efficiently shuttled across the cell and exported across the basolateral membrane by the heteromeric Organic Solute Transporter, OSTα-OSTβ. This chapter briefly reviews the tissue expression, physiology, genetics, pathophysiology, and transport properties of the ASBT and OSTα-OSTβ. In addition, the chapter discusses the relationship between the intestinal bile acid transporters and drug metabolism, including development of ASBT inhibitors as novel hypocholesterolemic or hepatoprotective agents, prodrug targeting of the ASBT to increase oral bioavailability, and involvement of the intestinal bile acid transporters in drug absorption and drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Dawson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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83
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Rais R, Fletcher S, Polli JE. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of gabapentin prodrugs that target the human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT). J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:1184-95. [PMID: 20848648 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gabapentin is a zwitterionic drug that exhibits low and variable oral absorption at therapeutic doses. The human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT; SLC10A2) is a potential prodrug target to increase oral drug absorption. The objective was to evaluate several bile acid conjugates of gabapentin as potential prodrugs that target hASBT. Five analogues were synthesized and varied in ionic nature and the presence or absence of glutamic acid linker between the bile acid and drug. Analogues were evaluated for their inhibition and uptake properties using stably transfected hASBT-MDCK cells. The two monoanionic conjugates were potent hASBT substrates, with high affinity (K(m) of 16.3 and 5.99 μM) and high capacity (V(max) of 0.656 and 0.842 pmol/cm(2) /s). The dianionic conjugate inhibited hASBT with moderate potency but was not a substrate. The two monoanionic conjugates were catalytically degraded in Caco-2 homogenate and rat liver microsomes. Each yielded gabapentin from prodrug. These two conjugates are novel prodrugs of gabapentin and illustrate prodrugs that can be designed to target hASBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rais
- Univerisity of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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84
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Ikonen S, Macícková-Cahová H, Pohl R, Sanda M, Hocek M. Synthesis of nucleoside and nucleotide conjugates of bile acids, and polymerase construction of bile acid-functionalized DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1194-201. [PMID: 20165813 DOI: 10.1039/b924072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of 5-iodopyrimidine or 7-iodo-7-deazaadenine nucleosides with bile acid-derived terminal acetylenes linked via an ester or amide tether gave the corresponding bile acid-nucleoside conjugates. Analogous reactions of halogenated nucleoside triphosphates gave directly bile acid-modified dNTPs. Enzymatic incorporation of these modified nucleotides to DNA was successfully performed using Phusion polymerase for primer extension. One of the dNTPs (dCTP bearing cholic acid) was also efficient for PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Ikonen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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85
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Ikonen S, Nonappa, Valkonen A, Juvonen R, Salo H, Kolehmainen E. Bile acid-derived mono- and diketals—synthesis, structural characterization and self-assembling properties. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2784-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c003228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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86
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Facile synthesis of 5β-cholane-sym-triazine conjugates starting from metformin and bile acid methyl esters: Liquid and solid state NMR characterization and single crystal structure of lithocholyl triazine. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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87
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Alvarez Alcalde M, Jover A, Meijide F, Galantini L, Viorel Pavel N, Antelo A, Vázquez Tato J. Aggregation behavior of tetracarboxylic surfactants derived from cholic and deoxycholic acids and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9037-9044. [PMID: 19719219 DOI: 10.1021/la9007813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 3beta-aminoderivatives of cholic and deoxycholic acids (steroid residues) with dimethyl ester of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (bridge) leads to the formation of dimers carrying four carboxylic organic functions, two of them located on the side chain of each steroid residue and the other two on the bridge. As tetrasodium salts, these new compounds behave as surfactants and have been characterized by surface tension, fluorescence intensity of pyrene (as a probe), and static and dynamic light scattering measurements. Thermodynamic parameters for micellization were obtained from the dependence of the critical micelle concentration (cmc) with temperature. For both surfactants, the fraction of bound counterions is close to 0.5. The aggregation behavior is similar to one of their bile salt residues [i.e., sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC)] and can be summarized as follows: (i) molecular areas at the interface for the new surfactants are fairly close to twice the value for a single molecule in a monolayer of natural bile salts; (ii) the environment where pyrene is solubilized is very apolar, as in natural bile salt aggregates; (iii) Gibbs free energies (per steroid residue) for micellization are not far from published values for NaC and NaDC, and the differences can be understood on the basis of less hydrophobicity of the new surfactants due to the charges in the bridge; and (iv) as for NaC and NaDC, aggregates have rather low aggregation numbers (which depend on the amount of added inert salt, NaCl). A structure based on the disklike model accepted for small bile salt aggregates is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alvarez Alcalde
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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88
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Progress in the development of peroxide-based anti-parasitic agents. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:793-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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89
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Kolehmainen E, Lahtinen M, Valkonen A, Behera B, Kauppinen R. N,N-Di-n-octyl-N,N-dimethyl and N,N-di-n-nonyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium cholates: 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR, powder X-ray diffraction and thermoanalytical characterization. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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90
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González PM, Acharya C, Mackerell AD, Polli JE. Inhibition requirements of the human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT) using aminopiperidine conjugates of glutamyl-bile acids. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1665-78. [PMID: 19384469 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Synthesize aminopiperidine conjugates of glutamyl-bile acids (glu-BAs) and develop a hASBT inhibition model using the conformationally sampled pharmacophore (CSP) approach. METHODS glu-BAs aminopiperidine conjugates were synthesized. hASBT inhibition was measured as K(i). A CSP-SAR model was built using structural and physico-chemical descriptors and evaluated via cross-validation. RESULTS Twenty-nine aminopiperidine conjugates were synthesized. All inhibited hASBT, with K(i) ranging from 0.95 to 31.8 muM. Amidation of the piperidine nitrogen slightly decreased activity, while replacement by a carbon increased potency. Esterification of the glutamic acid linker had a minor impact, suggesting that a negative charge around C-24 is not required for binding. Three quantitative CSP-SAR models were developed. The best model (r (2) = 0.813, Q (2) = 0.726) included two descriptors: angle between 7-OH, alpha-substituent and centroid of rings B and C, and electrostatic contribution to the solvation free-energy. The model successfully distinguished between compounds with K(i) < 16muM and K(i) > 16muM. Models indicated that hydrophobicity, alpha substituent orientation, and partially compacted side chain conformation promote inhibitory potency. Qualitative CSP-SAR analysis indicated that the presence of an internal salt bridge, resulting in a locked conformation of the side chain, yielded weaker inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Aminopiperidine conjugates of glu-BAs were potent hASBT inhibitors. A predictive and robust CSP-SAR model was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M González
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, HSF2 room 623, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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91
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Koch KM, Reddy NJ, Cohen RB, Lewis NL, Whitehead B, Mackay K, Stead A, Beelen AP, Lewis LD. Effects of food on the relative bioavailability of lapatinib in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:1191-6. [PMID: 19188677 PMCID: PMC4881310 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.18.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to characterize the effect of food on the relative bioavailability of lapatinib. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single 1,500-mg, oral dose of lapatinib was administered to 27 patients with advanced solid tumors on each of three occasions that were 1 week apart, in random order: after an overnight fast, with a low-fat breakfast, and with a high-fat breakfast. RESULTS The low-fat breakfast produced mean increases in lapatinib area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 167% (2.67-fold) and maximum concentration (C(max)) of 142% (2.42-fold). The high-fat breakfast produced mean increases in lapatinib AUC of 325% (4.25-fold) and C(max) of 203% (3.03-fold) compared with the fasted state. Increased bioavailability in the fed state did not significantly decrease relative variability. Therefore, absolute variability in systemic exposure was increased. CONCLUSION These large increases in lapatinib bioavailability and absolute variability support the recommendation for dosing in the fasted state to achieve consistent therapeutic exposure. Prescribers and patients should consider the potential consequences of toxicity or diminished efficacy that might result from dosing without regard to variations in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Koch
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nandi J. Reddy
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roger B. Cohen
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy L. Lewis
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bonnie Whitehead
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathleen Mackay
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew Stead
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew P. Beelen
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- From GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Pharmacology, Research Triangle Park, NC; Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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92
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Bai X, Barnes C, Dias JR. Synthesis and comparative spectroscopic analysis of two chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) derivatives with closely related 7α-ester moieties. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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93
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Dobson PD, Patel Y, Kell DB. ‘Metabolite-likeness’ as a criterion in the design and selection of pharmaceutical drug libraries. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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94
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Salunke DB, Hazra BG, Gonnade RG, Pore VS, Bhadbhade MM. Molecular association via halogen bonding and other weak interactions in the crystal structures of 11-bromo-12-oxo-5β-cholan derivatives. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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95
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González P, Polli JE. Impact of impurity on kinetic estimates from transport and inhibition studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:296-305. [PMID: 18443216 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.135863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in vitro transport/inhibition studies are commonly performed on impure drug candidates to screen for pharmacokinetic properties in early development, quantitative guidelines concerning acceptable impurity levels are lacking. The broad goal was to derive models for the effect of impurity on transport and inhibition studies and identify the maximum allowable impurity level that does not bias assay results. Models were derived, and simulations were performed to assess the impact of impurity on substrate properties K(t) and J(max) and inhibition K(i). Simulation results were experimentally challenged with a known amount of impurity, using the intestinal bile acid transporter as a model system. For substrate uptake studies, glycocholate served as substrate and was contaminated with either a very strong, strong, or moderate impurity (i.e., taurolithocholate, chenodeoxycholate, or ursodeoxycholate, respectively). For inhibition studies, taurocholate and glycocholate together was the substrate/inhibitor pair, where glycocholate was contaminated with taurolithocholate. There was high agreement between simulation results and experimental observations. It is not surprising that, in the inhibition assay, potent impurity caused test compound to appear more potent than the true potency of the test compound (i.e., reduced inhibitory K(i)). However, results in the transport scenario surprisingly indicated that potent impurity did not diminish test compound potency but, rather, increased substrate potency (i.e., reduced Michaelis-Menten substrate K(t)). In general, less than 2.5% impurity is a reasonable target, provided the impurity is less than 10-fold more potent than test compound. Study results indicate that careful consideration of possible impurity effect is needed when quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis cannot explain high compound potency from transport or inhibition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo González
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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