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Ren S, Wang C, Chen A, Lv W, Gao R. The Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei Ameliorates Diarrhea Cause by Escherichia coli O8via Gut Microbiota Modulation1. Front Nutr 2022; 9:878808. [PMID: 35662940 PMCID: PMC9159302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Koumiss is a fermented horse milk food containing abundant probiotics. Lactobacillus paracasei is a bacterial strain isolated from koumiss that helps regulate the intestinal microbiota. One of the major cause of diarrhea is an imbalance of the intestinal flora. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Lactobacillus paracasei can ameliorate E. coli-induced diarrhea and modulate the gut microbiota. Methods Mouse models of diarrhea were established via intragastric E. coli O8 administration. We then attempted to prevent or treat diarrhea in the mice via intragastric administration of a 3 × 108 CFU/mL L. paracasei cell suspension. The severity of diarrhea was evaluated based on the body weight, diarrhea rate, and index, fecal diameter, ileum injury, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and diamine oxidase (DAO) and zonulin expression. Expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1, occludin, and zona occludens (ZO-)1 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gastrointestinal mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The microbial composition was analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing. Results The L. paracasei demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy against diarrhea. It elevated the TJ protein levels and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and p65, myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Moreover L. paracasei increased those bacteria, which can product short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) such Alistipes, Odoribacter, Roseburia, and Oscillibacter. Conclusion L. paracasei ameliorated diarrhea by inhibiting activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-MLCK pathway and increasing the abundance of gut microbiota that produce SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Chunjie Wang,
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenting Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruijuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Cell-free probiotic supernatant (CFS) treatment alleviates indomethacin-induced enterocolopathy in BALB/c mice by down-modulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress: potential alternative targeted treatment. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1685-1703. [PMID: 35505268 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and their metabolites appear to be a promising approach that targets both the intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in bowel diseases. In this context, the emergence of the probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS) has attracted more attention as a safe and targeted alternative therapy with reduced side effects. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause significant intestinal alterations and inflammation, leading to experimental enterocolopathy resembling Crohn disease. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CFS supplementation on the inflammation and the mucosal intestinal alterations induced by NSAIDs, indomethacin. In the current study, a murine model of intestinal inflammation was generated by the oral gavage (o.g) of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) to BALB/C mice. A group of mice treated with indomethacin was concomitantly treated orally by CFS for 5 days. The Body Health Condition index was monitored, and histological scores were evaluated. Moreover, oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers were assessed. Interestingly, we observed that CFS treatment attenuated the severity of the intestinal inflammation in our enterocolopathy model and resulted in the improvement of the clinical symptoms and the histopathological features. Notably, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase levels were down-modulated by CFS supplementation. Concomitantly, an attenuation of NF-κB p65, iNOS, COX2 expression in the ileum and the colon was reported. Collectively, our data suggest that CFS treatment has a beneficial effect in experimental enterocolopathy model and could constitute a good therapeutic candidate for alleviating inflammatory responses and to maintain mucosal homeostasis during chronic and severe conditions of intestinal inflammation.
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Dong L, Fan X, Li Q, Li J, Chen G, Yang D, Li Y, Zhao L, Yin H, Wang X, Liu X, Zhao Z, Lin S. Anemone chinensis Bunge aqueous enema alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via inhibition of inflammation and regulation of the colonic mucosal microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114916. [PMID: 34998930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) increases every year, there is still a lack of satisfactory treatment options. Anemone chinensis Bunge (AB), a traditional Chinese herb, is a potent compound that can be prepared as a decoction, and then administered as an enema to relieve UC symptoms. However, the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of aqueous AB on UC are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigates the potential therapeutic value and mechanism of AB aqueous enema for UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the practical components in aqueous AB were extracted and identified by UPLC-MS/MS. Second, the potential active targets and target genes related to UC were predicted, mapped, and analyzed by network pharmacology. Then, the effects of AB aqueous enema on UC were assessed using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model with mice. Finally, the level of inflammation, the expression level of proteins associated with the colonic mucosal barrier, and the microbiota associated with the intestinal mucosal were investigated. RESULTS Fourteen active ingredients in AB were identified. The network pharmacology-based analysis demonstrated that the active ingredients possibly affected ten key targets, such as IL-6, TNF, and PTGS2. They are also related to the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Furthermore, mice treated with DSS developed severe mucosal colitis. AB aqueous enema decreased the disease activity index (DAI), significantly inhibited colonic damage, and greatly decreased colon length shortening (p < 0.05). AB also significantly restored tight junction proteins and the associated mucin proteins mucin-2 (MUC2) and mucin-3A (MUC3A). In addition, the diversity of the gut microbiota after administration of DSS was significantly decreased. However, the diversity was entirely restored after AB treatment. Recovery of the abundance of colonic mucosal bacteria, especially Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus gasseri, occurred at the species level after AB treatment. In vitro, AB can be utilized by the two bacteria, especially under glucose deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the AB aqueous enema alleviated colitis by restoring intestinal barrier proteins and regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Central Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Xiuzhao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Qian Li
- Central Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Jiankuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Haizhen Yin
- Central Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nephrology (Animal Laboratory of Nephrology), Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, PR China.
| | - Shumei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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Singh V, Ahlawat S, Mohan H, Gill SS, Sharma KK. Balancing reactive oxygen species generation by rebooting gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4112-4129. [PMID: 35199405 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; free radical form O2 •‾ , superoxide radical; OH• , hydroxyl radical; ROO• , peroxyl; RO• , alkoxyl and non-radical form 1 O2 , singlet oxygen; H2 O2 , hydrogen peroxide) are inevitable companions of aerobic life with crucial role in gut health. But, overwhelming production of ROS can cause serious damage to biomolecules. In this review, we have discussed several sources of ROS production that can be beneficial or dangerous to the human gut. Microorganisms, organelles and enzymes play crucial role in ROS generation, where, NOX1 is the main intestinal enzyme, which produce ROS in the intestine epithelial cells. Previous studies have reported that probiotics play significant role in gut homeostasis by checking the ROS generation, maintaining the antioxidant level, immune system and barrier protection. With current knowledge, we have critically analyzed the available literature and presented the outcome in the form of bubble maps to suggest the probiotics that help in controlling the ROS-specific intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. Finally, it has been concluded that rebooting of the gut microbiota with probiotics, postbiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can have crucial implications in the structuring of gut communities for the personalized management of the gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandna Singh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shruti Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Presently at SGT University, Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugr, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Zheng M, Zhu J. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Intestinal Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1856. [PMID: 35163778 PMCID: PMC8836863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of lymphoid cells that do not express T cell or B cell antigen-specific receptors. They are largely tissue-resident and enriched at mucosal sites to play a protective role against pathogens. ILCs mimic the functions of CD4 T helper (Th) subsets. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are defined by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet, involving in the type 1 immune response; ILC2s are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IL-5/IL-13 and the master transcription factor GATA3, participating in the type 2 immune response; ILC3s are RORγt-expressing cells and are capable of producing IL-22 and IL-17 to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The discovery and investigation of ILCs over the past decades extends our knowledge beyond classical adaptive and innate immunology. In this review, we will focus on the roles of ILCs in intestinal inflammation and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zheng
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Xavier-Santos D, Padilha M, Fabiano GA, Vinderola G, Gomes Cruz A, Sivieri K, Costa Antunes AE. Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022; 120:174-192. [PMID: 35002079 PMCID: PMC8720301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease transmitted by the virus responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which exhibit several clinical manifestations including gastrointestinal symptoms. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review aimed to provide insights and perspectives for the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention/treatment and/or modulation of the microbiota in COVID-19 patients. Eighty-four studies published in the Scopus database from the onset of the pandemic until December 2021 were assessed and submitted to a bibliometric analysis adapted from VOSviewer software. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Through bibliometric analysis, it might be suggested that the modulation of the gut/lung microbiome is promising as an adjuvant for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19 patients, due to immunomodulation properties related to probiotics and prebiotics. So far, few clinical studies involving the application of probiotics in COVID-19 patients have been completed, but reduction in the duration of the disease and the severity of symptoms as fatigue, olfactory dysfunction and breathlessness, nausea and vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms were some of the main findings. However, probiotics are not recommended to immunocompromised patients in corticosteroid therapy. The future perspectives point to the modulation of the intestinal microbiota by probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics represent a promising adjuvant approach for improving the health of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Xavier-Santos
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Padilha
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Zip Code 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Alexandre Fabiano
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral, Santiago Del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Adriano Gomes Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 121/125 Senador Furtado St, Zip Code 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km 1, Zip Code 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriane Elisabete Costa Antunes
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350, Limeira, SP, Brazil
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AB 5 Enterotoxin-Mediated Pathogenesis: Perspectives Gleaned from Shiga Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010062. [PMID: 35051039 PMCID: PMC8779504 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases affect an estimated 600 million people worldwide annually, with the majority of these illnesses caused by Norovirus, Vibrio, Listeria, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. To elicit infections in humans, bacterial pathogens express a combination of virulence factors and toxins. AB5 toxins are an example of such toxins that can cause various clinical manifestations, including dehydration, diarrhea, kidney damage, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Treatment of most bacterial foodborne illnesses consists of fluid replacement and antibiotics. However, antibiotics are not recommended for infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) because of the increased risk of HUS development, although there are conflicting views and results in this regard. Lack of effective treatment strategies for STEC infections pose a public health threat during outbreaks; therefore, the debate on antibiotic use for STEC infections could be further explored, along with investigations into antibiotic alternatives. The overall goal of this review is to provide a succinct summary on the mechanisms of action and the pathogenesis of AB5 and related toxins, as expressed by bacterial foodborne pathogens, with a primary focus on Shiga toxins (Stx). The role of Stx in human STEC disease, detection methodologies, and available treatment options are also briefly discussed.
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Ghadaksaz A, Nodoushan SM, Sedighian H, Behzadi E, Fooladi AAI. Evaluation of the Role of Probiotics As a New Strategy to Eliminate Microbial Toxins: a Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:224-237. [PMID: 35031968 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that have favorable effects on human and animal health. The most usual types of microorganisms recruited as probiotics are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria. To date, numerous utilizations of probiotics have been reported. In this paper, it is suggested that probiotic bacteria can be recruited to remove and degrade different types of toxins such as mycotoxins and algal toxins that damage host tissues and the immune system causing local and systemic infections. These microorganisms can remove toxins by disrupting, changing the permeability of the plasma membrane, producing metabolites, inhibiting the protein translation, hindering the binding to GTP binding proteins to GM1 receptors, or by preventing the interaction between toxins and adhesions. Here, we intend to review the mechanisms that probiotic bacteria use to eliminate and degrade microbial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Ghadaksaz
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mousavi Nodoushan
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq. Molasadra St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq. Molasadra St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-E-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq. Molasadra St, Tehran, Iran.
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Alemohammad SMA, Noori SMR, Samarbafzadeh E, Noori SMA. The role of the gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial learning and spatial memory: a mini review based on animal studies. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1551-1563. [PMID: 35028854 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is believed to constitute a bidirectional communication mechanism that affects both mental and digestive processes. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in cognitive performance has been the focus of much research. In this paper, we discuss the effects of gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial memory and learning. Studies have shown the influence of diet on cognitive capabilities such as spatial learning and memory. It has been reported that a high-fat diet can alter gut microbiota which subsequently leads to changes in spatial learning and memory. Some microorganisms in the gut that can significantly affect spatial learning and memory are Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Helicobacter pylori. For example, a reduction in the amount of A. muciniphila in the gut leads to increased intestinal permeability and induces immune response in the brain which then negatively affects cognitive performances. We suggest that more studies should be carried out regarding the indirect effects of nutrition on cognitive activities via alteration in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Noori
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Samarbafzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Ren S, Chen A, Tian Y, Bai Z, Wang C. Lactobacillus paracasei from Koumiss Ameliorates Diarrhea in mice via Tight Junctions Modulation. Nutrition 2022; 98:111584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Katkowska M, Garbacz K, Kusiak A. Probiotics: Should All Patients Take Them? Microorganisms 2021; 9:2620. [PMID: 34946221 PMCID: PMC8706842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of probiotics in the treatment as well as prevention of many infections and disorders has been confirmed by previous clinical studies. They can protect not only against gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea or enteritis but they have proven efficacy against pneumonia, urogenital infection, depression/anxiety, cancer metastasis, obesity, and others. However, it should be mentioned that not all clinical trials have shown improvement of health in patients undergoing probiotic treatment, and very rarely have even reported that probiotic strains may be the causative agents of opportunistic infections. Studies have documented cases of sepsis/bacteremia, endocarditis, liver abscess, pneumonia, and fungemia caused by probiotic strains, mainly in high-risk groups. This review summarizes the cases of infections caused by probiotic strains and the potential hazard associated with the supplementation of probiotics in seriously ill and hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Katkowska
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Garbacz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Aida Kusiak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Bacillus coagulans protect against Salmonella enteritidis-induced intestinal mucosal damage in young chickens by inducing the differentiation of goblet cells. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101639. [PMID: 35016049 PMCID: PMC8749329 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) have proven to be effective in improving the development of gut immunity and microbiome, and offering protection against pathogens, especially in young animals. The newborn chicks are highly vulnerable to the foodborne pathogenic Salmonella infections, leading to high mortality and economic loss. However, whether B. coagulans can protect young chickens from Salmonella-induced intestinal mucosal damage by modulating the development of intestinal epithelium remains unclear. In this study, B. coagulans with excellent anti-Salmonella property was selected and used. The results showed that B. coagulans alleviated the morphological damage, intestinal inflammation and body weight loss caused by Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) infections. B. coagulans significantly increased the crypt depth. Furthermore, the goblet cell loss and downregulating of mucin 2 induced by S. enteritidis were all relieved by B. coagulans treatment. Consistently, the expression of the related genes of Notch signaling pathway was also upregulated in the S. enteritidis group but inhibited by B. coagulans. In addition, B. coagulans improved the levels of immunoglobulin A, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and avian beta-defensin 2 in the intestinal mucosa. This study demonstrated that B. coagulans could regulate the development of intestinal epithelium, protect the intestinal barrier, thus relieve infections with S. enteritidis in chicks, which can be used as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed.
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Zhang P, Gao J, Che H, Xue W, Yang D. Molecular Basis of IgE-Mediated Shrimp Allergy and Heat Desensitization. Nutrients 2021; 13:3397. [PMID: 34684397 PMCID: PMC8540294 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustacean allergy, especially to shrimp, is the most predominant cause of seafood allergy. However, due to the high flexibility of immunoglobulin E (IgE), its three-dimensional structure remains unsolved, and the molecular mechanism of shrimp allergen recognition is unknown. Here a chimeric IgE was built in silico, and its variable region in the light chain was replaced with sequences derived from shrimp tropomyosin (TM)-allergic patients. A variety of allergenic peptides from the Chinese shrimp TM were built, treated with heating, and subjected to IgE binding in silico. Amino acid analysis shows that the amino acid residue conservation in shrimp TM contributes to eliciting an IgE-mediated immune response. In the shrimp-allergic IgE, Glu98 in the light chain and other critical residues that recognize allergens from shrimp are implicated in the molecular basis of IgE-mediated shrimp allergy. Heat treatment could alter the conformations of TM allergenic peptides, impact their intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and subsequently decrease the binding between these peptides and IgE. We found Glu98 as the characteristic amino acid residue in the light chain of IgE to recognize general shrimp-allergic sequences, and heat-induced conformational change generally desensitizes shrimp allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- PeiAo Zhang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (J.G.); (H.C.); (W.X.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jihui Gao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (J.G.); (H.C.); (W.X.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huilian Che
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (J.G.); (H.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (J.G.); (H.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (J.G.); (H.C.); (W.X.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Wang JK, Yao SK. Roles of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Pathogenesis of Functional Constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5560310. [PMID: 34603471 PMCID: PMC8481049 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5560310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC), a condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms (infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, excessive straining, or a sense of incomplete evacuation), is prevalent over the world. It is a multifactorial disorder and can be categorized into four subgroups according to different pathological mechanisms: normal transit constipation (NTC), slow transit constipation (STC), defecatory disorders (DD), and mixed type. Recently, growing evidence from human and animals has pointed that there was a strong association between gut microbiota and FC based on the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Studies have reported that the main characteristics of gut microbiota in FC patients were the relative decrease of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, the relative increase of potential pathogens, and the reduced species richness. Gut microbiota can modulate gut functions through the metabolites of bacterial fermentation, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile salts (BAs), and methane occupied more important positions and could trigger the release of gut hormones from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Subsequently, these gut hormones can influence gut sensation, secretion, and motility, primarily through activating specific receptors distributed on smooth muscle cells, enteric neurons, and epithelial cells. However, research findings were inconsistent and even conflicting, which may be partially due to various confounding factors. Future studies should take the associated confounders into consideration and adopt multiomics research strategies to obtain more complete conclusions and to provide reliable theoretical support for exploring new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ke Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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