51
|
Ahrens TD, Bang-Christensen SR, Jørgensen AM, Løppke C, Spliid CB, Sand NT, Clausen TM, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. The Role of Proteoglycans in Cancer Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:749. [PMID: 32984308 PMCID: PMC7479181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are accessible by liquid biopsies via an easy blood draw. They represent not only the primary tumor site, but also potential metastatic lesions, and could thus be an attractive supplement for cancer diagnostics. However, the analysis of rare CTCs in billions of normal blood cells is still technically challenging and novel specific CTC markers are needed. The formation of metastasis is a complex process supported by numerous molecular alterations, and thus novel CTC markers might be found by focusing on this process. One example of this is specific changes in the cancer cell glycocalyx, which is a network on the cell surface composed of carbohydrate structures. Proteoglycans are important glycocalyx components and consist of a protein core and covalently attached long glycosaminoglycan chains. A few CTC assays have already utilized proteoglycans for both enrichment and analysis of CTCs. Nonetheless, the biological function of proteoglycans on clinical CTCs has not been studied in detail so far. Therefore, the present review describes proteoglycan functions during the metastatic cascade to highlight their importance to CTCs. We also outline current approaches for CTC assays based on targeting proteoglycans by their protein cores or their glycosaminoglycan chains. Lastly, we briefly discuss important technical aspects, which should be considered for studying proteoglycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa D Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara R Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B Spliid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicolai T Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:167-197. [PMID: 32649885 DOI: 10.1016/jxcell.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting transformation/proliferation of cancer cells or causing cell death. To accommodate high ROS levels, tumor cells modify sulfur-based metabolism, NADPH generation, and the activity of antioxidant transcription factors. During initiation, genetic changes enable cell survival under high ROS levels by activating antioxidant transcription factors or increasing NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). During progression and metastasis, tumor cells adapt to oxidative stress by increasing NADPH in various ways, including activation of AMPK, the PPP, and reductive glutamine and folate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:167-197. [PMID: 32649885 PMCID: PMC7439808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1110] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting transformation/proliferation of cancer cells or causing cell death. To accommodate high ROS levels, tumor cells modify sulfur-based metabolism, NADPH generation, and the activity of antioxidant transcription factors. During initiation, genetic changes enable cell survival under high ROS levels by activating antioxidant transcription factors or increasing NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). During progression and metastasis, tumor cells adapt to oxidative stress by increasing NADPH in various ways, including activation of AMPK, the PPP, and reductive glutamine and folate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Yu R, Yao J, Ren Y. A novel circRNA, circNUP98, a potential biomarker, acted as an oncogene via the miR-567/ PRDX3 axis in renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10177-10188. [PMID: 32729669 PMCID: PMC7520319 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plenty of studies found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) were essential players in the initiation and progression of various cancers including the renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the knowledge about the circRNAs in carcinogenesis is still limited. Dysregulated expression of circNUP98 in RCC tissues was identified by the circular RNA microarray. RT‐PCR was performed to measure the expression of circNUP98 in 78 pairs of RCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Survival analysis was conducted to explore the association between the expression of circNUP98 and the prognosis of RCC. The function and underlying mechanisms of circSMC3 in RCC cells were investigated by RNAi, CCK‐8, Western blotting, bioinformatic analysis, ChIP assay, circRIP assay and dual luciferase reporter assay. CircNUP98 was up‐regulated in both RCC tissues and cell lines, and high expression of circNUP98 was correlated with poor prognosis of RCC patients. Silencing of circSMC3 inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis in a caspase‐dependent manner in RCC cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that silencing of circ NUP98 inhibited RCC progression by down‐regulating of PRDX3 via up‐regulation of miR‐567. Furthermore, STAT3 was identified as an inducer of circ NUP98 in RCC cells. CircNUP98 acts as an oncogene by a novel STAT3/circ NUP98/miR‐567/PRDX3 axis, which may provide a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo Yinzhou NO2. Hospital, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
de Araujo ED, Keserű GM, Gunning PT, Moriggl R. Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2002. [PMID: 32707820 PMCID: PMC7465272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the mutational landscape of the human cancer genome coding regions defined about 140 distinct cancer driver genes in 2013, which approximately doubled to 300 in 2018 following advances in systems cancer biology studies [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvin D. de Araujo
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Hallal R, Nehme R, Brachet-Botineau M, Nehme A, Dakik H, Deynoux M, Dello Sbarba P, Levern Y, Zibara K, Gouilleux F, Mazurier F. Acriflavine targets oncogenic STAT5 signaling in myeloid leukemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10052-10062. [PMID: 32667731 PMCID: PMC7520299 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acriflavine (ACF) is an antiseptic with anticancer properties, blocking the growth of solid and haematopoietic tumour cells. Moreover, this compound has been also shown to overcome the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. ACF has been shown to target hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) activity, which are key effectors of hypoxia‐mediated chemoresistance. In this study, we showed that ACF inhibits the growth and survival of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines in normoxic conditions. We further demonstrated that ACF down‐regulates STAT5 expression in CML and AML cells but activates STAT3 in CML cells in a HIF‐independent manner. In addition, we demonstrated that ACF suppresses the resistance of CML cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Our data suggest that the dual effect of ACF might be exploited to eradicate de novo or acquired resistance of myeloid leukaemia cells to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Hallal
- Université de Tours, EA7501 GICC, Tours, France.,CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Tours, France.,PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Nehme
- Université de Tours, EA7501 GICC, Tours, France.,CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Tours, France.,PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ali Nehme
- Université de Tours, EA7501 GICC, Tours, France.,CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Tours, France
| | - Hassan Dakik
- Université de Tours, EA7501 GICC, Tours, France.,CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Tours, France
| | - Margaux Deynoux
- Université de Tours, EA7501 GICC, Tours, France.,CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Tours, France
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Yves Levern
- INRAE, Imagerie en Infectiologie, UMR Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Université de Tours, EA7501 GICC, Tours, France.,CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Mazurier
- Université de Tours, EA7501 GICC, Tours, France.,CNRS ERL7001 LNOx, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Tang L, Long J, Li K, Zhang X, Chen X, Peng C. A novel chalcone derivative suppresses melanoma cell growth through targeting Fyn/Stat3 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:256. [PMID: 32565740 PMCID: PMC7302361 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fyn has been documented to have oncogenic features in multiple tumors, which might be a potential therapeutic target, however, few studies on the function role of Fyn and its specific inhibitors in melanoma. Methods We investigated the impacts of Fyn and its inhibitor Lj-1-60 on melanoma through bioinformatics analysis, western blot, cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis and xenograft tumor model as well as immunohistochemical staining. Pull-down and in vitro kinase assay were used to demonstrate Lj-1-60 targeting Fyn. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR were adopted to confirm the potential mechanisms of Lj-1-60 in melanoma. Results Our findings showed that Fyn was overexpressed in melanoma cells and knocked down of Fyn suppressed the proliferation of melanoma cells. To identify the potential inhibitors of Fyn, our in-house library including total of 111,277 chemicals was conducted to vitro screening, among those compounds, 83 inhibitors were further detected to explore the effect on melanoma cells growth and discovered a novel chalcone derivative Lj-1-60 that exhibited low cellular toxicity and high anti-tumor efficacy. Lj-1-60 directly was associated with Fyn and inhibited the Fyn kinase activity with Stat3 as substrate. What's more, Lj-1-60 suppressed the proliferation of melanoma in vitro and in vivo through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the activation of Stat3 had also been abrogated both in Lj-1-60 treated melanoma cells or Fyn knocked down cells. Conclusion Our study revealed a novel Fyn inhibitor that could significantly suppress melanoma growth, which is a promising potential inhibitor for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Keke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hu R, Han Q, Zhang J. STAT3: A key signaling molecule for converting cold to hot tumors. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:29-40. [PMID: 32522692 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can be classified as cold or hot according to the degree of immune cell infiltration into tumor tissues; cold tumors are insensitive to either chemotherapy or immunotherapy and are associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that STAT3 signaling molecules hinder the conversion of cold to hot tumors by regulating immunosuppressive molecule secretion and immunosuppressive cell functions. This review aims to present the most recent studies on how STAT3 regulates cold tumor formation and discuss its research status in cancer therapy. We also present insight for designing new therapeutic strategies to "heat" tumors and provide a reference for tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Kim BH, Lee H, Park CG, Jeong AJ, Lee SH, Noh KH, Park JB, Lee CG, Paek SH, Kim H, Ye SK. STAT3 Inhibitor ODZ10117 Suppresses Glioblastoma Malignancy and Prolongs Survival in a Glioblastoma Xenograft Model. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030722. [PMID: 32183406 PMCID: PMC7140655 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 plays an essential role in the initiation, progression, maintenance, malignancy, and drug resistance of cancer, including glioblastoma, suggesting that STAT3 is a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. We recently identified ODZ10117 as a small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 and suggested that it may have an effective therapeutic utility for the STAT3-targeted cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of ODZ10117 in glioblastoma by targeting STAT3. ODZ10117 inhibited migration and invasion and induced apoptotic cell death by targeting STAT3 in glioblastoma cells and patient-derived primary glioblastoma cells. In addition, ODZ10117 suppressed stem cell properties in glioma stem cells (GSCs). Finally, the administration of ODZ10117 showed significant therapeutic efficacy in mouse xenograft models of GSCs and glioblastoma cells. Collectively, ODZ10117 is a promising therapeutic candidate for glioblastoma by targeting STAT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hak Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (H.L.); (A.J.J.); (S.-H.L.); (K.H.N.)
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- CYTUS H&B Corporation, Cheongju 28159, Korea;
| | - Haeri Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (H.L.); (A.J.J.); (S.-H.L.); (K.H.N.)
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Cheol Gyu Park
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.G.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Ae Jin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (H.L.); (A.J.J.); (S.-H.L.); (K.H.N.)
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (H.L.); (A.J.J.); (S.-H.L.); (K.H.N.)
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kum Hee Noh
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (H.L.); (A.J.J.); (S.-H.L.); (K.H.N.)
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
| | | | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (C.G.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (H.L.); (A.J.J.); (S.-H.L.); (K.H.N.)
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Neuro-Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8281; Fax: +82-2-745-7996
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
STAT3/5 Inhibitors Suppress Proliferation in Bladder Cancer and Enhance Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031106. [PMID: 32046095 PMCID: PMC7043223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The JAK-STAT signalling pathway regulates cellular processes like cell division, cell death and immune regulation. Dysregulation has been identified in solid tumours and STAT3 activation is a marker for poor outcome. The aim of this study was to explore potential therapeutic strategies by targeting this pathway in bladder cancer (BC). High STAT3 expression was detected in 51.3% from 149 patient specimens with invasive bladder cancer by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of JAK, STAT and downstream targets were confirmed in 10 cell lines. Effects of the JAK inhibitors Ruxolitinib and BSK-805, and STAT3/5 inhibitors Stattic, Nifuroxazide and SH-4-54 were analysed by cell viability assays, immunoblotting, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Treatment with STAT3/5 but not JAK1/2 inhibitors reduced survival, levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and Cyclin-D1 and increased apoptosis. Tumour xenografts, using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model responded to Stattic monotherapy. Combination of Stattic with Cisplatin, Docetaxel, Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel and CDK4/6 inhibitors showed additive effects. The combination of Stattic with the oncolytic adenovirus XVir-N-31 increased viral replication and cell lysis. Our results provide evidence that inhibitors against STAT3/5 are promising as novel mono- and combination therapy in bladder cancer.
Collapse
|
61
|
Borges GÁ, Elias ST, Araujo TSD, Souza PM, Nascimento-Filho CHV, Castilho RM, Squarize CH, Magalhães PDO, Guerra ENS. Asparaginase induces selective dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and reduction of NFκB expression in oral cancer cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:857-866. [PMID: 31943292 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginase is fundamental to the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, little has been studied on the effects that asparaginase could exert on solid tumours. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of asparaginase on an oral carcinoma cell line. The cytotoxicity of asparaginase in SCC-9 (tongue squamous cell carcinoma) and HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines was evaluated with MTT cell viability assay. The cells were treated with asparaginase at 0.04, 0.16, 0.63, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0 IU/mL. Dose-response curves and IC50 values were obtained and the Tumour Selectivity Index (TSI) was calculated. The effect of asparaginase on procaspase-3 and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) expression was evaluated with western blot because it was reported that the overexpression of NFκB has been shown to contribute to tumour cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Caspase 3/7 staining was performed to identify cell death using flow cytometry. Effective asparaginase concentrations were lower for SCC-9 cells when compared to HaCaT cells. The cytotoxicity results at 48 and 72 hours were significantly different for SCC-9 cells. The TSI indicated that asparaginase was selective for the tumour cells. A decrease in procaspase-3 and NFκB protein levels was observed in SCC-9 cells. Furthermore, asparaginase resulted in significant apoptosis after 48 and 72 hours. Based on these results, asparaginase was cytotoxic in a dose- and time-dependent manner, induces apoptosis, and reduces NFκB expression in oral cancer cells. These results encourage further studies on the effectiveness of this enzyme as a treatment for solid tumours, especially head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Álvares Borges
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Silvia Taveira Elias
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Tassiana Souza De Araujo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Paula Monteiro Souza
- Natural Products Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Viesi Nascimento-Filho
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane H Squarize
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Role of Rad51 and DNA repair in cancer: A molecular perspective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107492. [PMID: 32001312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity is essential for any organism survival and for the inheritance of traits to offspring. To the purpose, cells have developed a complex DNA repair system to defend the genetic information against both endogenous and exogenous sources of damage. Accordingly, multiple repair pathways can be aroused from the diverse forms of DNA lesions, which can be effective per se or via crosstalk with others to complete the whole DNA repair process. Deficiencies in DNA healing resulting in faulty repair and/or prolonged DNA damage can lead to genes mutations, chromosome rearrangements, genomic instability, and finally carcinogenesis and/or cancer progression. Although it might seem paradoxical, at the same time such defects in DNA repair pathways may have therapeutic implications for potential clinical practice. Here we provide an overview of the main DNA repair pathways, with special focus on the role played by homologous repair and the RAD51 recombinase protein in the cellular DNA damage response. We next discuss the recombinase structure and function per se and in combination with all its principal mediators and regulators. Finally, we conclude with an analysis of the manifold roles that RAD51 plays in carcinogenesis, cancer progression and anticancer drug resistance, and conclude this work with a survey of the most promising therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting RAD51 in experimental oncology.
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhang N, Zhang M, Wang Z, Gao W, Sun ZG. Activated STAT3 Could Reduce Survival in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Up-regulating VEGF and Cyclin D1 Expression. J Cancer 2020; 11:1859-1868. [PMID: 32194797 PMCID: PMC7052867 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction and activators of transcription factor (STAT) 3 is associated with a poor prognosis in certain types of cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of STAT3/p-STAT3 expression in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients. A total of 71 patients were enrolled in the study. STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression were detected by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry assays. Stattic, the STAT3 inhibitor, was used to block the activation of STAT3 in ESCC cell lines Eca-109 and Kyse-30, and the CCK8 assay was performed to detect the effect of Stattic on the viability of ESCC cells. The expression of associated genes was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot at RNA and protein levels, respectively. STAT3 expression was correlated with infiltration degree (pT) and pTNM. And p-STAT3 expression was correlated with pT, lymphatic metastasis (pN) and pTNM. The expression of VEGF, Bcl-xl and Cyclin D1 was up-regulated in ESCC tissues and positively correlated with p-STAT3 level, besides Bcl-xl. In vitro, Stattic inhibited the viability of Eca-109 and Kyse-30 cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner, and significantly inhibited the expression of VEGF, Bcl-xl and CyclinD1 at mRNA and protein level. The 5-year survival rate of the 71 patients was significantly associated with pT, pN, pTNM stage, p-STAT3 level, VEGF expression and Cyclin D1 expression. pN and p-STAT3 expression were independent relevant factors. Our results showed that p-STAT3 might serve as an essential biomarker for tumor invasion and metastasis in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Jinan 250013, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Jinan 250013, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Jinan 250013, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Jinan 250013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Brachet-Botineau M, Polomski M, Neubauer HA, Juen L, Hédou D, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E240. [PMID: 31963765 PMCID: PMC7016966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3 and 5 are important effectors of cellular transformation, and aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling have been demonstrated in hematopoietic cancers. STAT3 and STAT5 are common targets for different tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKOs). In addition, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins were shown to contain activating mutations in some rare but aggressive leukemias/lymphomas. Both proteins also contribute to drug resistance in hematopoietic malignancies and are now well recognized as major targets in cancer treatment. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations during the last decade. This review summarizes the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions in hematopoietic cancers as well as advances in preclinical and clinical development of pharmacological inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Marion Polomski
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Damien Hédou
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in solid tumors. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2020; 6:27. [PMID: 33521321 PMCID: PMC7845926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins is associated with the development and progression of solid tumors. However, as transcription factors, these proteins are difficult to target directly. In this review, we summarize the role of targeting Janus kinases (JAKs), upstream activators of STATs, as a strategy for decreasing STAT activation in solid tumors. Preclinical studies in solid tumor cell line models show that JAK inhibitors decrease STAT activation, cell proliferation, and cell survival; in in vivo models, they also inhibit tumor growth. JAK inhibitors, particularly the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, sensitize cell lines and murine models to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and oncolytic viral therapy. Ten JAK inhibitors have been or are actively being tested in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with other agents in patients with solid tumors; two of these inhibitors are already Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders and rheumatoid arthritis, making them attractive agents for use in patients with solid tumors as they are known to be well-tolerated. Four JAK inhibitors (two of which are FDA approved for other indications) have exhibited promising anti-cancer effects in preclinical studies; however, clinical studies specifically assessing their activity against the JAK/STAT pathway in solid tumors have not yet been conducted. In summary, JAK inhibition is a viable option for targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in solid tumors and merits further testing in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
66
|
Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
Collapse
|