51
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Kalapanida D, Zagouri F, Gazouli M, Zografos E, Dimitrakakis C, Marinopoulos S, Giannos A, Sergentanis TN, Kastritis E, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Evaluation of pre-mir-34a rs72631823 single nucleotide polymorphism in triple negative breast cancer: A case-control study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36906-36913. [PMID: 30651924 PMCID: PMC6319339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of pre-miR34a rs72631823 as potential risk factor and/or prognostic marker in patients with triple negative breast cancer. Methods 114 samples of DNA from paraffin embedded breast normal tissues of patients with triple negative breast cancer and 124 samples of healthy controls were collected and analyzed for pre-miR34a rs72631823 polymorphism. Results Pre-miR34a rs72631823 A allele was associated with increased TNBC risk both in univariate and multivariate analysis. The number of pre-miR34a rs72631823 AA subjects was very small and the association did not reach significance (p = 0.176, Fisher’s exact test). The examined polymorphism was not associated with overall survival at the univariate or multivariate Cox regression analysis (adjusted HR = 1.60, 95%CI: 0.64–3.96 for miR34 rs72631823 GA/AA vs. GG). Conclusion Our case-control study suggests that pre-miR34a rs72631823 A allele is associated with increased triple negative breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kalapanida
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantine Dimitrakakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical school, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Marinopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical school, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Giannos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical school, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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52
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Swellam M, Mahmoud MS, Hashim M, Hassan NM, Sobeih ME, Nageeb AM. Clinical aspects of circulating miRNA‐335 in breast cancer patients: A prospective study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8975-8982. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menha Swellam
- High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellences for Advanced Sciences Giza Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Magda Sayed Mahmoud
- High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellences for Advanced Sciences Giza Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Maha Hashim
- High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellences for Advanced Sciences Giza Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology National Cancer Institute Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Amira M Nageeb
- High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellences for Advanced Sciences Giza Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
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53
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Javadian M, Gharibi T, Shekari N, Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh M, Mohammadi A, Hossieni A, Mohammadi H, Kazemi T. The role of microRNAs regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in breast cancer development, progression, and metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5399-5412. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Javadian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Najibeh Shekari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Arezoo Hossieni
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
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Zhai LY, Li MX, Pan WL, Chen Y, Li MM, Pang JX, Zheng L, Chen JX, Duan WJ. In Situ Detection of Plasma Exosomal MicroRNA-1246 for Breast Cancer Diagnostics by a Au Nanoflare Probe. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39478-39486. [PMID: 30350935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer mortality in women globally. Early detection, treatment, and metastasis monitoring are of great importance to favorable prognosis. Although conventional diagnostic methods, such as breast X-ray mammography and image positioning biopsy, are accurate, they could cause radioactive or invasive damage to patients. Liquid biopsy as a noninvasive method is convenient for repeated sampling in clinical cancer prognostic, metastatic evaluation, and relapse monitoring. MicroRNAs encased in exosomes circulating in biofluids are promising candidate cancer biomarkers because of their cancer-specific expression profiles. Here, we report an in situ detection of microRNA-1246 (miR-1246) in human plasma exosomes as breast cancer biomarker by a nucleic acid functionalized Au nanoflare probe. Needing neither time-consuming and costly isolation of exosomes from the plasma sample nor transfection means, the Au nanoflare probe can directly enter the plasma exosomes to generate fluorescent signal quantitatively by specifically targeting miR-1246. Only 40 μL of plasma is needed to incubate 4 h with the probe, giving signal sensitive enough to distinguish samples of breast cancer to normal control. Using plasma miR-1246 level detected by our assay as a marker, we differentiated 46 breast cancer patients from 28 healthy controls with 100% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity at the best cutoff. This simple, accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective liquid biopsy by the Au nanoflare probe is potent to be developed as a noninvasive breast cancer diagnostic assay for clinical adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min-Min Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , People's Republic of China
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Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin stimulate 4T1 murine breast cancer cells to release extracellular vesicles that inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16182. [PMID: 30385810 PMCID: PMC6212457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enoxacin and its bone-seeking bisphosphonate derivative, bis-enoxacin, have recently captured attention as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and bone disease. No differences in growth or survival of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were detected at a concentration of 50 µM of enoxacin or bis-enoxacin. Growth was perturbed at higher concentrations. Both 50 µM enoxacin and bis-enoxacin stimulated increases in the number of GW/Processing bodies, but there were minimal changes in microRNA levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from 4T1 cells treated with 50 µM enoxacin or 50 µM bis-enoxacin stimulated proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells, and both significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis in calcitriol-stimulated mouse marrow. EVs from 4T1 cells treated with enoxacin and bis-enoxacin displayed small reductions in the amount of microRNA (miR)-146a-5p and let-7b-5p. In marked contrast, miR-214-3p, which has been shown to regulate bone remodeling, was increased 22-fold and 30-fold respectively. We conclude that enoxacin and bis-enoxacin trigger the release of EVs from 4T1 cancer cells that inhibit osteoclastogenesis.
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56
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Hajalirezay Yazdi S, Paryan M, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. An integrated approach of bioinformatic prediction and in vitro analysis identified that miR-34a targets MET and AXL in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:51. [PMID: 30386383 PMCID: PMC6201502 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and AXL and MET are the key genes in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as critical elements in proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating the expression of genes. METHODS Bioinformatic approaches were used to find a miRNA that simultaneously targets both AXL and MET 3'-UTRs. The expression of target miRNA was evaluated in triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) and HER2-overexpressing (SK-BR-3) breast cancer cell lines as well as normal breast cells, MCF-10A, using quantitative real-time PCR. Then, the miRNA was overexpressed in normal and cancer cell lines using a lentiviral vector system. Afterwards, effects of overexpressed miRNA on the expression of AXL and MET genes were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS By applying bioinformatic software and programs, miRNAs that target the 3'-UTR of both AXL and MET mRNAs were determined, and according to the scores, miR-34a was selected for further analyses. The expression level of miR-34a in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 was lower than that of MCF-10A. Furthermore, AXL and MET expression in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 was lower and higher, respectively, than that of MCF-10A. After miR-34a overexpression, MET and AXL were downregulated in MDA-MB-231. In addition, MET was downregulated in SK-BR-3, while AXL was upregulated in this cell line. CONCLUSIONS These findings may indicate that miR-34a is an oncogenic miRNA, downregulated in the distinct breast cancer subtypes. It also targets MET and AXL 3'-UTRs in triple-negative breast cancer. Therefore, it can be considered as a therapeutic target in this type of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Hajalirezay Yazdi
- 0000 0001 0706 2472grid.411463.5Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- 0000 0000 9562 2611grid.420169.8Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- grid.411600.2Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Emerging ways to treat breast cancer: will promises be met? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:605-621. [PMID: 30259416 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and it is responsible for more than 40,000 deaths in the United States and more than 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. In previous decades, the development of improved screening, diagnosis and treatment methods has led to decreases in BC mortality rates. More recently, novel targeted therapeutic options, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that target specific cancer cell-related components, have been developed. These components include ErbB family members (HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4), Ras/MAPK pathway components (Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK), VEGF family members (VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGF and PGF), apoptosis and cell cycle regulators (BAK, BAX, BCL-2, BCL-X, MCL-1 and BCL-W, p53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components) and DNA repair pathway components such as BRCA1. In addition, long noncoding RNA inhibitor-, microRNA inhibitor/mimic- and immunotherapy-based approaches are being developed for the treatment of BC. Finally, a novel powerful technique called CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing is emerging as a precise tool for the targeted treatment of cancer, including BC. CONCLUSIONS Potential new strategies that are designed to specifically target BC are presented. Several clinical trials using these strategies are already in progress and have shown promising results, but inherent limitations such as off-target effects and low delivery efficiencies still have to be resolved. By improving the clinical efficacy of current therapies and exploring new ones, it is anticipated that novel ways to overcome BC may become attainable.
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58
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Ma Y, Bu D, Long J, Chai W, Dong J. LncRNA DSCAM‐AS1 acts as a sponge of miR‐137 to enhance Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2880-2894. [PMID: 30203615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Yunnan China
| | - Deyong Bu
- Department of Geriatric General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Yunnan China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Yunnan China
| | - Wenying Chai
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Yunnan China
| | - Jian Dong
- Yunnan Cancer HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Yunnan China
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59
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Zubor P, Kubatka P, Dankova Z, Gondova A, Kajo K, Hatok J, Samec M, Jagelkova M, Krivus S, Holubekova V, Bujnak J, Laucekova Z, Zelinova K, Stastny I, Nachajova M, Danko J, Golubnitschaja O. miRNA in a multiomic context for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and personalized management of metastatic breast cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1847-1867. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is characterized by aggressive spreading to distant organs. Despite huge multilevel research, there are still several important challenges that have to be clarified in the management of this disease. Therefore, recent investigations have implemented a modern, multiomic approach with the aim of identifying specific biomarkers for not only early detection but also to predict treatment responses and metastatic spread. Specific attention is paid to short miRNAs, which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Aberrant miRNA expression could initiate cancer development, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, metastatic spread or drug resistance. An miRNA signature is, therefore, believed to be a promising biomarker and prediction tool that could be utilized in all phases of carcinogenesis. This article offers comprehensive information about miRNA profiles useful for diagnostic and treatment purposes that may sufficiently advance breast cancer management and improve individual outcomes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Zubor
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Gondova
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marianna Jagelkova
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Stefan Krivus
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Bujnak
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kukuras Michalovce Hospital, Michalovce, Slovak Republic
- Oncogynecology Unit, Penta Hospitals International, Svet Zdravia, Michalovce, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Laucekova
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Zelinova
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Stastny
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marcela Nachajova
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Radiological Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zhang Y, Xu B, Zhang XP. Effects of miRNAs on functions of breast cancer stem cells and treatment of breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4263-4270. [PMID: 30100733 PMCID: PMC6065473 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s165156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies for women, which accounts for 30% of all female malignancies. The formation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is attributed to the acquisition of stemness of tumor cells. With self-renewal potential, these stem cells are insensitive to either radiotherapy or chemotherapy but are significant in regulating tumor behaviors and drug resistance. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of noncoding small RNA for negatively regulating gene expressions. Research findings suggest that many miRNAs specifically regulate the expression of target genes and signal pathways of BCSCs. They play an important role in self-renewal, growth, and metastasis of breast cancer cells as potential targets for treating breast cancer. These signal pathways include phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and so on. This paper reviews the progress of research about miRNAs in self-renewal, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, mediation of resistance to chemotherapies, and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,
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Loginov VI, Filippova EA, Kurevlev SV, Fridman MV, Burdennyy AM, Braga EA. Suppressive and Hypermethylated MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418070086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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62
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Ghosh A, Degyatoreva N, Kukielski C, Story S, Bhaduri S, Maiti K, Nahar S, Ray A, Arya DP, Maiti S. Targeting miRNA by tunable small molecule binders: peptidic aminosugar mediated interference in miR-21 biogenesis reverts epithelial to mesenchymal transition. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1147-1154. [PMID: 30109002 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion and gain migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal cells that are very vital for development, wound healing and stem cell behavior and contribute pathologically to fibrosis and cancer progression. miR21, a potent regulator of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, can be silenced to reverse EMT, thereby providing an attractive target for abrogating the malignant behavior of breast cancer. Here, we report the design, synthesis and binding of a peptidic-aminoglycoside (PA) based chemical library against pre-miR21 that led to the identification of a group of small molecules that bind to pre-miR21 with high affinities and antagonize miR-21 maturation and function, thereby reversing EMT. The approach described here offers a promising miRNA targeting platform where such aminosugar conjugates can be similarly used to target other oncogenic miRNAs. Minor changes in the amino acid sequence allow us to tailor the binding effectiveness and downstream biological effects, thus making this approach a potentially tunable method of regulation of miRNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Ghosh
- CSIR, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , New Delhi , India .
| | | | - Casey Kukielski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , Clemson University , Clemson , SC 29634 , USA .
| | - Sandra Story
- NUBAD LLC , 900 B West Faris Road , Greenville , SC 29605 , USA
| | | | - Krishnagopal Maiti
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , Clemson University , Clemson , SC 29634 , USA .
| | - Smita Nahar
- CSIR, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , New Delhi , India .
| | - Arjun Ray
- CSIR, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , New Delhi , India .
| | - Dev P Arya
- NUBAD LLC , 900 B West Faris Road , Greenville , SC 29605 , USA.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , Clemson University , Clemson , SC 29634 , USA .
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , New Delhi , India .
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Jiang X, Zhou Y, Sun AJ, Xue JL. NEAT1 contributes to breast cancer progression through modulating miR-448 and ZEB1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8558-8566. [PMID: 29323713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a kind of common female cancers. Increasing evidence has exhibited that lncRNAs exert a crucial role in breast cancer. So far, the mechanism of lncRNAs in breast cancer is still not well established. In our current study, we focused on the biological role of lncRNA Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) in breast cancer. We observed that NEAT1 levels were significantly increased in human breast cancer cells including MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 cells compared to normal mammary epithelial cells MCF-10A while miR-448 was decreased. We found that downregulation of NEAT1 was able to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and miR-448 mimic exerted the similar function. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed the negative correlation between NEAT1 and miR-448 in vitro. In addition, ZEB1 was predicted as a novel mRNA target of miR-448. Overexpression of NEAT1 can induce breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion by inhibiting miR-448 and upregulating ZEB1. It was demonstrated that NEAT1 can increase ZEB1 levels while miR-448 mimic can repress ZEB1. It was speculated in our study that NEAT1 can serve as a competing endogenous lncRNA (ceRNA) to modulate ZEB1 by sponging miR-448 in breast cancer. To conclude, we uncovered that NEAT1 participated in breast cancer progression by regulating miR-448 and ZEB1. NEAT1 can be provided as a vital biomarker in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jun-Li Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gao W, Hua J, Jia Z, Ding J, Han Z, Dong Y, Lin Q, Yao Y. Expression of miR-146a-5p in breast cancer and its role in proliferation of breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9884-9888. [PMID: 29928360 PMCID: PMC6004703 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the expression level of microRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) in breast cancer tissue and cell lines was investigated and its effects on proliferation of breast cancer cells. miR-146a-5p expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in breast cancer tissues, paraneoplastic tissue (collected by The Department of Oncology of Changhai Hospital from January 2014 to June 2015), breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and normal breast epithelial cell line MCF 10A. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to forecast target genes of miR-146a-5p, which was further verified by fluorescent reporter gene detection. The results demonstrated the expression level of miR-146a-5p in breast cancer tissue was significantly higher, compared with paraneoplastic tissue (P<0.01), and the expression level of miR-146a-5p in MCF-7 cells was significantly higher, compared with MCF 10A cells (P<0.01). Overexpression of miR-146a-5p in MCF-7 cells can promote the proliferation, and low expression miR-146a-5p in MCF-7 can inhibit the proliferation. BRCA1 was further identified as a target gene of miR-146a-5p by bioinformatics analysis and fluorescent reporter gene detection. It was concluded that miR-146a-5p is expressed in breast cancer tissue and breast cancer cell line and may regulate the proliferation of MCF-7 via BRCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Zengwei Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Yun Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
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65
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Jia Y, Chen Y, Wang Q, Jayasinghe U, Luo X, Wei Q, Wang J, Xiong H, Chen C, Xu B, Hu W, Wang L, Zhao W, Zhou J. Exosome: emerging biomarker in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41717-41733. [PMID: 28402944 PMCID: PMC5522217 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by a variety of cell types, and are thought to play important roles in intercellular communications. In breast cancer, through horizontal transfer of various bioactive molecules, such as proteins and mRNAs, exosomes are emerging as local and systemic cell-to-cell mediators of oncogenic information and play an important role on cancer progression. This review outlines the current knowledge and concepts concerning the exosomes involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis (including tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune system modulation and tumor microenvironment) and cancer therapy resistance. Moreover, the potential use of exosomes as promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in breast cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxian Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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66
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Zidan HE, Abdul-Maksoud RS, Elsayed WSH, Desoky EAM. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum miR-15a and miR-16-1 expression among egyptian patients with prostate cancer. IUBMB Life 2018. [PMID: 29522280 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered the most common malignancy in men. The aim of this study is to assess the role of serum miR-15a and miR-16-1 expression in PCa development, diagnosis and prognosis aiming to find a specific noninvasive biomarker. This study comprised 70 patients with PCa, 70 patients complaining of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 30 patients with chronic prostatitis and 70 controls. Circulating miR-15a and miR-16-1 expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Prostate specific antigen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of serum miR-15a were decreased in PCa patients compared with controls, chronic prostatitis and BPH patients (0.43 ± 0.12, 1.7 ± 0.76, 1.56 ± 0.34 and 1.53 ± 0.65, respectively). The expression levels of serum miR-16-1 were decreased in PCa patients compared with controls, chronic prostatitis and BPH patients (0.55 ± 0.23, 2.15 ± 0.87, 2.08 ± 0.54 and 1.96 ±0.61, respectively). Downregulation of miR-15a and miR-16-1 correlated with higher Gleason score (P = 0.002 and P = 0.006, respectively), higher tumor stage (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively), PCa metastasis (P = 0.002 and P = 0.025, respectively) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.02 and P = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that combined miR-15a/miR-16-1 and PSA increased the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PCa (97.1% and 94.3%, respectively) more than prostate specific antigen alone (82.9% sensitivity and 75.7% specificity). Combined serum miR-15a/miR-16-1 expression and PSA level can be used as promising specific noninvasive biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa better than prostate specific antigen alone. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):437-444, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy E Zidan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab S Abdul-Maksoud
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walid S H Elsayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Esam A M Desoky
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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67
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Schrijver WAME, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. Unravelling site-specific breast cancer metastasis: a microRNA expression profiling study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3111-3123. [PMID: 27902972 PMCID: PMC5356868 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is still the main cause of death from breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRs) are important regulators of many physiological and pathological processes, including metastasis. Molecular breast cancer subtypes are known to show a site-specific pattern of metastases formation. In this study, we set out to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms of site-specific breast cancer metastasis by microRNA expression profiling. To identify a miR signature for metastatic breast carcinoma that could predict metastatic localization, we compared global miR expression in 23 primary breast cancer specimens with their corresponding multiple distant metastases to ovary (n=9), skin (n=12), lung (n=10), brain (n=4) and gastrointestinal tract (n=10) by miRCURY microRNA expression arrays. For validation, we performed quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR on the discovery cohort and on an independent validation cohort of 29 primary breast cancer specimens and their matched metastases. miR expression was highly patient specific and miR signatures in the primary tumor were largely retained in the metastases, with the exception of several differentially expressed, location specific miRs. Validation with qPCR demonstrated that hsa-miR-106b-5p was predictive for the development of lung metastases. In time, the second metastasis often showed a miR upregulation compared to the first metastasis. This study discovered a metastatic site-specific miR and found miR expression to be highly patient specific. This may lead to novel biomarkers predicting site of distant metastases, and to adjuvant, personalized targeted therapy strategies that could prevent such metastases from becoming clinically manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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68
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Sugita B, Gill M, Mahajan A, Duttargi A, Kirolikar S, Almeida R, Regis K, Oluwasanmi OL, Marchi F, Marian C, Makambi K, Kallakury B, Sheahan L, Cavalli IJ, Ribeiro EM, Madhavan S, Boca S, Gusev Y, Cavalli LR. Differentially expressed miRNAs in triple negative breast cancer between African-American and non-Hispanic white women. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79274-79291. [PMID: 27813494 PMCID: PMC5346713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), a clinically aggressive subtype of breast cancer, disproportionately affects African American (AA) women when compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). MiRNAs(miRNAs) play a critical role in these tumors, through the regulation of cancer driver genes. In this study, our goal was to characterize and compare the patterns of miRNA expression in TNBC of AA (n = 27) and NHW women (n = 30). A total of 256 miRNAs were differentially expressed between these groups, and distinct from the ones observed in their respective non-TNBC subtypes. Fifty-five of these miRNAs were mapped in cytobands carrying copy number alterations (CNAs); 26 of them presented expression levels concordant with the observed CNAs. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a good power (AUC ≥ 0.80; 95% CI) for over 65% of the individual miRNAs and a high combined power with superior sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.88 (0.78−0.99); 95% CI) of the 26 miRNA panel in discriminating TNBC between these populations. Subsequent miRNA target analysis revealed their involvement in the interconnected PI3K/AKT, MAPK and insulin signaling pathways. Additionally, three miRNAs of this panel were associated with early age at diagnosis. Altogether, these findings indicated that there are different patterns of miRNA expression between TNBC of AA and NHW women and that their mapping in genomic regions with high levels of CNAs is not merely physical, but biologically relevant to the TNBC phenotype. Once validated in distinct cohorts of AA women, this panel can potentially represent their intrinsic TNBC genome signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Sugita
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mandeep Gill
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Akanskha Mahajan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anju Duttargi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Saurabh Kirolikar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rodrigo Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Kenny Regis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olusayo L Oluwasanmi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fabio Marchi
- International Research Center-CIPE, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catalin Marian
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,The University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Kepher Makambi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Departments of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura Sheahan
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Iglenir J Cavalli
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Enilze M Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Subha Madhavan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Simina Boca
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luciane R Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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69
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Ahmadzada T, Reid G, McKenzie DR. Fundamentals of siRNA and miRNA therapeutics and a review of targeted nanoparticle delivery systems in breast cancer. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:69-86. [PMID: 29327101 PMCID: PMC5803180 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly evolving as a personalized approach to cancer treatment. The effector molecules-small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)-can be used to silence or "switch off" specific cancer genes. Currently, the main barrier to implementing siRNA- and miRNA-based therapies in clinical practice is the lack of an effective delivery system that can protect the RNA molecules from nuclease degradation, deliver to them to tumor tissue, and release them into the cytoplasm of the target cancer cells, all without inducing adverse effects. Here, we review the fundamentals of RNAi, cell membrane transport pathways, and factors that affect intracellular delivery. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of nanoparticle delivery systems, with a focus on those that have been investigated in breast cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamkin Ahmadzada
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Glen Reid
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, Australia
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70
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Feng T, Shao F, Wu Q, Zhang X, Xu D, Qian K, Xie Y, Wang S, Xu N, Wang Y, Qi C. miR-124 downregulation leads to breast cancer progression via LncRNA-MALAT1 regulation and CDK4/E2F1 signal activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16205-16. [PMID: 26918449 PMCID: PMC4941308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been recently shown to be dysregulated in several cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of MALAT1 in breast cancer remain unclear. Herein, we showed that MALAT1 was aberrantly increased in breast cancer tissues and cells. MALAT1-siRNA inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MALAT1 acted as an endogenous potent regulator by directly binding to miR-124 and down-regulating miR-124 expression. In addition, MALAT1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on breast cancer proliferation and was involved in the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) expression. Taken together, our data highlight the pivotal role of MALAT1 in breast cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, the present study elucidated the MALAT1-miR-124-CDK4/E2F1 signaling pathway in breast cancer, which might provide a new approach for tackling breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongbao Feng
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Fang Shao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Qiyong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Dongqin Xu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Keqing Qian
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yewen Xie
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Section of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China
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71
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Zhao YX, Liu HC, Ying WY, Wang CY, Yu YJ, Sun WJ, Liu JF. microRNA‑372 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by directly targeting E2F1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8069-8075. [PMID: 28944922 PMCID: PMC5779890 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortalities among women worldwide today. Accumulating evidence suggested that miR-372 may serve important roles in the initiation and development of various human cancers. However, the role of miR-372 in breast cancer remains unknown. The present study demonstrated that the expression level of miR-372 in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines is significantly reduced compared with normal breast tissues cell lines. Furthermore, results of functional assays indicated that miR-372 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. E2F1 was identified as a direct functional target of miR-372 in breast cancer. In conclusion, the findings revealed that miR-372 may have the potential to act as a novel molecule for the diagnosis and therapy of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yang Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Jun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Fan Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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72
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Maskey N, Li D, Xu H, Song H, Wu C, Hua K, Song J, Fang L. MicroRNA-340 inhibits invasion and metastasis by downregulating ROCK1 in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2261-2267. [PMID: 28781664 PMCID: PMC5530218 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are 19–25 nucleotide-long, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. In the present study, the role of miR-340 in breast cancer (BC) was investigated. The overexpression of miR-340 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells in vitro. The Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) gene was identified as a target of miR-340; its expression was downregulated by overexpression of miR-340 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region. The short interfering RNA-mediated silencing of ROCK1 was also performed, which phenocopied the effects of miR-340 overexpression. An inhibitor of miR-340 was used to suppress miR-340 expression, which led to increased expression of ROCK1, thus improving the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Data from the present study suggest that miR-340 inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell growth and its downregulation may lead to the progression and metastasis of BC. Thus, miR340 may act as a tumor-suppressor agent that could serve a key role in the diagnosis and therapy of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Maskey
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Song
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyao Hua
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jialu Song
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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73
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Li W, Li G, Fan Z, Liu T. Tumor-suppressive microRNA-452 inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by directly targeting RAB11A. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2559-2565. [PMID: 28781694 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of malignant tumor in females, and metastasis is the most common cause of breast cancer-associated mortality. Previous studies have identified that abnormal expression of microRNAs is commonly observed in human cancer and may be crucial for cancer metastasis. In the present study, microRNA-452 (miR-452) was investigated for its ability to act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. miR-452 expression was quantified in breast cancer tissue samples and cell lines with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to investigate the effect of miR-452 on the migration and invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. Potential target genes of miR-452 were identified with miRanda and TargetScan. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate RAB11A as a putative target of miR-452, and was corroborated by RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Finally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown RAB11A expression and confirm whether miR-452 inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion via the negative regulation of RAB11A. The results revealed that miR-452 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and that its downregulation may be associated with breast cancer metastasis, as miR-452 expression inhibited the migration and invasion capacities of breast cancer cells. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses indicated that miR-452 negatively regulated the expression of RAB11A mRNA and protein. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-452 specifically bound to the 3'-untranslated region of RAB11A. Furthermore, inhibition of RAB11A with siRNA inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that miR-452 may act as a tumor suppressor gene via inhibition of cell migration and invasion by targeting RAB11A in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Guoyin Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
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74
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Liu S, Yan G, Zhang J, Yu L. Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis by Targeting miR-124 in Retinoblastoma. Oncol Res 2017; 26:581-591. [PMID: 28550678 PMCID: PMC7844671 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14953948675403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is upregulated in cancer tissues, and its elevated expression is associated with hyperproliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the role of MALAT1 in retinoblastoma (RB) remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the functional role of MALAT1 in RB by targeting miR-124. The results showed that the expression of MALAT1 was significantly higher in the Y79 cell line than in the ARPE-19 cell line (p < 0.01). Moreover, MALAT1 silence inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in Y79 cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, or p < 0.001). miR-124 was upregulated by MALAT1 silence and hence was identified as a target of MALAT1 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). In addition, miR-124 suppression inhibited cell apoptosis and remarkably abolished the inhibitory effects of MALAT1 silence on cell viability, migration, and invasion (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, or p < 0.001). In addition, Slug was a target of miR-124 and regulated cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in Y79 cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, or p < 0.001). Further, Slug silence abolished miR-124 suppression-induced inactivation of the ERK/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Taken together, our data highlight the pivotal role of MALAT1 in RB. Moreover, the present study elucidated the MALAT1–miR-124–ERK/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in RB, which might provide a new approach for the treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guigang Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Junfu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lianzhi Yu
- Department of Physical Examination, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
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Yazdi Rouholamini SE, Moghassemi S, Maharat Z, Hakamivala A, Kashanian S, Omidfar K. Effect of silibinin-loaded nano-niosomal coated with trimethyl chitosan on miRNAs expression in 2D and 3D models of T47D breast cancer cell line. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:524-535. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1326928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Elmira Yazdi Rouholamini
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Moghassemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Maharat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Susan Kashanian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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76
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050049. [PMID: 28486396 PMCID: PMC5447959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of deaths resulting from cancer owing to late diagnosis and limited treatment intervention. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by translational repression or target messenger RNA degradation. Accumulating evidence suggests various roles for microRNAs, including development and progression of lung cancers. Because microRNAs are degraded to a much lesser extent in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and are present not only in tumor tissues but also in body fluids, there is an increased potential in microRNA analyses for cancer research. In this review, recent studies of microRNA are introduced and briefly summarized, with a focus on the association of microRNAs with histological subtypes, genetic driver alterations, therapeutically-targeted molecules, and carcinogens. The reported circulating microRNA signature for the early detection of lung cancer and the implications of microRNAs as the modulators of tumor immune response are also introduced.
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77
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Inamura K. Major Tumor Suppressor and Oncogenic Non-Coding RNAs: Clinical Relevance in Lung Cancer. Cells 2017; 6:cells6020012. [PMID: 28486418 PMCID: PMC5492016 DOI: 10.3390/cells6020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, yet there remains a lack of specific and sensitive tools for early diagnosis and targeted therapies. High-throughput sequencing techniques revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), e.g., microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), represent more than 80% of the transcribed human genome. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs and lncRNAs regulate target genes and play an important role in biological processes and signaling pathways in malignancies, including lung cancer. In lung cancer, several tumor suppressor/oncogenic microRNAs and lncRNAs function as biomarkers for metastasis and prognosis, and thus may serve as therapeutic tools. In this review, recent work on microRNAs and lncRNAs is introduced and briefly summarized with a focus on potential biological and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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78
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Targeting of CCBE1 by miR-330-3p in human breast cancer promotes metastasis. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1350-1357. [PMID: 28419078 PMCID: PMC5482727 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in the regulation of many processes that contribute to malignancy, including cell proliferation, radiation resistance, invasion and metastasis. The role of miR-330-3p, an miR upregulated in breast cancer, remains unclear. Methods: We examine the association of miR-330-3p with distant relapse-free survival in the Oxford cohort of breast cancer patients. We also study miR-330-3p function using in vitro invasion and ex ovo metastasis assays. Using in vitro luciferase assays, we validate a novel target gene for miR-330-3p, Collagen And Calcium Binding EGF Domains 1 (CCBE1). We assess functional consequences of CCBE1 loss by using siRNA-mediated knockdown followed by in vitro invasion assays. Lastly, we examine the expression profile of CCBE1 in breast carcinomas in the Curtis and TCGA Breast Cancer data sets using Oncomine Platform as well as distant relapse-free and overall survival of patients in the Helsinki University breast cancer data set according to CCBE1 expression status. Results: miR-330-3p is enriched in breast cancer, and higher levels of miR-330-3p expression are associated with lower distant relapse-free survival in a cohort of breast cancer patients. Consistent with these observations, overexpression of miR-330-3p in breast cancer cell lines results in greater invasiveness in vitro, and miR-330-3p-overexpressing cells also metastasise more aggressively ex ovo. We identify CCBE1 as a direct target of miR-330-3p, and show that knockdown of CCBE1 results in a greater invasive capacity. Accordingly, in breast cancer patients CCBE1 is frequently downregulated, and its loss is associated with reduced distant relapse-free and overall survival. Conclusions: We show for the first time that miR-330-3p targets CCBE1 to promote invasion and metastasis. miR-330-3p and CCBE1 may represent promising biomarkers in breast cancer.
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79
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Role of Runx2 in breast cancer-mediated bone metastasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:608-614. [PMID: 28268169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in women. The currently available treatment for breast cancer is mostly curative except when it becomes metastatic. One of the major sites for metastasis of breast cancer is the bone. Homing of the circulating tumor cells is tightly regulated including a number of factors present in the cells and their microenvironment. Runx2, a transcription factor plays an important role in osteogenesis and breast cancer mediated bone metastases. One of the recent advances in molecular therapy includes the discovery of the small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) and they target specific genes to reduce their expression at the post-transcriptional level. This review provides an outline of breast cancer mediated bone metastasis and summarizes the recent development on the regulation of Runx2 expression by miRNAs which can lead to novel molecular therapeutics for the same.
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80
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Li J, Wei J, Mei Z, Yin Y, Li Y, Lu M, Jin S. Suppressing role of miR-520a-3p in breast cancer through CCND1 and CD44. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:146-154. [PMID: 28123641 PMCID: PMC5250711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are found to play important roles in breast cancer, however, most of miRNAs are not investigated completely. In the present study, significant down-regulation of miR-520a-3p was found in the breast cancer tissues and cell lines. The restoration of miR-520a-3p expression in breast cancer cells could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, miR-520a-3p was able to induce breast cancer cell apoptosis. Luciferase assay was used to confirm that CCND1 and CD44 were the direct target genes of miR-520a-3p. The ectopic expression of miR-520a-3p repressed CCND1 and CD44 expression on post-transcriptional levels in breast cancer cells. This study suggests that miR-520a-3p may act as an optional method for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital with Southeast UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mingde Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shidai Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
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81
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Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digestive process regulated by an intricate network of factors able either to ensure the prosurvival function of autophagy or to convert it in a death pathway. Recently, the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy networks has been reported. This review will summarize the main features of these small noncoding endogenous RNAs, focusing on their relevance in cancer and finally addressing their impact on autophagy.
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82
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Santos JC, Ribeiro ML, Sarian LO, Ortega MM, Derchain SF. Exosomes-mediate microRNAs transfer in breast cancer chemoresistance regulation. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2129-2139. [PMID: 27822407 PMCID: PMC5088281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common and fatal type of cancer in women worldwide due to the metastatic process and resistance to treatment. Despite advances in molecular knowledge, little is known regarding resistance to chemotherapy. One highlighted aspect is the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that is activated upon genotoxic damage, controlling the cell cycle arrest or DNA repair activation. Recently, studies have showed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) could promote chemoresistance through DDR pathway. Furthermore, it is known that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can generate cells with CSCs characteristics and therefore regulate the chemoresistance process. The exosomes are microvesicles filled with RNAs, proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) that can be released by many cell types, including tumor cells and CSCs. The exosomes content may be cell-to-cell transferable and it could control a wide range of pathways during tumor development and metastasis. A big challenge for modern medicine is to determine the reasons why patients do not respond to chemotherapy treatments and also guide the most appropriate therapy for each one. Considering that the CSCs are able to stimulate the formation of a more aggressive tumor phenotype with migration and metastasis ability, resistance to treatment and disease recurrence, as well as few studies capable to determine clearly the interaction of breast CSCs with its microenvironment, the present review summarize the possibility that exosomes-mediate miRNAs transfer and regulate chemoresistance in breast tumor cells and CSCs, to clarify the complexity of breast cancer progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Women’s Health Hospital “Prof Dr José Aristodemo Pinotti” (CAISM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University, São Francisco UniversityBragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Otávio Sarian
- Women’s Health Hospital “Prof Dr José Aristodemo Pinotti” (CAISM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University, São Francisco UniversityBragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Sophie Françoise Derchain
- Women’s Health Hospital “Prof Dr José Aristodemo Pinotti” (CAISM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)Campinas, SP, Brazil
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83
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MicroRNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081317. [PMID: 27529224 PMCID: PMC5000714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection of tooth-supporting structures, which results in the destruction of alveolar bone. Osteoclasts play a central role in bone destruction. Osteoclasts are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated giant cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, we and other researchers revealed that microRNAs are involved in osteoclast differentiation. MicroRNAs are novel, single-stranded, non-coding, small (20–22 nucleotides) RNAs that act in a sequence-specific manner to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of their target mRNAs. They regulate various biological activities such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, cancer development, and inflammatory responses. In this review, the roles of microRNAs in osteoclast differentiation and function during alveolar bone destruction in periodontal disease are described.
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84
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Girotra S, Yeghiazaryan K, Golubnitschaja O. Potential biomarker panels in overall breast cancer management: advancements by multilevel diagnostics. Per Med 2016; 13:469-484. [PMID: 29767597 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prevalence has reached an epidemic scale with half a million deaths annually. Current deficits in BC management include predictive and preventive approaches, optimized screening programs, individualized patient profiling, highly sensitive detection technologies for more precise diagnostics and therapy monitoring, individualized prediction and effective treatment of BC metastatic disease. To advance BC management, paradigm shift from delayed to predictive, preventive and personalized medical services is essential. Corresponding step forwards requires innovative multilevel diagnostics procuring specific panels of validated biomarkers. Here, we discuss current instrumental advancements including genomics, proteomics, epigenetics, miRNA, metabolomics, circulating tumor cells and cancer stem cells with a focus on biomarker discovery and multilevel diagnostic panels. A list of the recommended biomarker candidates is provided.
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85
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Nogales-Cadenas R, Cai Y, Lin JR, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Montagna C, Zhang ZD. MicroRNA expression and gene regulation drive breast cancer progression and metastasis in PyMT mice. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:75. [PMID: 27449149 PMCID: PMC4957901 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotides which function to silence the expression of their target genes. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are not only key regulators in important cellular processes but are also drivers in the development of many diseases, especially cancer. Estrogen receptor positive luminal B is the second most common but the least studied subtype of breast cancer. Only a few studies have examined the expression profiles of miRNAs in luminal B breast cancer, and their regulatory roles in cancer progression have yet to be investigated. Methods In this study, using polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) mice, a widely used luminal B breast cancer model, we profiled microRNA (miRNA) expression at four time points that represent different key developmental stages of cancer progression. We considered the expression of both miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) at these time points to improve the identification of regulatory targets of miRNAs. By combining gene functional and pathway annotation with miRNA-mRNA interactions, we created a PyMT-specific tripartite miRNA-mRNA-pathway network and identified novel functional regulatory programs (FRPs). Results We identified 151 differentially expressed miRNAs with a strict dual nature of either upregulation or downregulation during the whole course of disease progression. Among 82 newly discovered breast-cancer-related miRNAs, 35 can potentially regulate 271 protein-coding genes based on their sequence complementarity and expression profiles. We also identified miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules driving specific cancer-related biological processes. Conclusions In this study we profiled the expression of miRNAs during breast cancer progression in the PyMT mouse model. By integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes involved in several hallmarks of cancer. We applied a novel clustering method to an annotated miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and identified network modules involved in specific cancer-related biological processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0735-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Zhengdong D Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Michael F. Price Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Room 353A, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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86
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Recent trends in microRNA research into breast cancer with particular focus on the associations between microRNAs and intrinsic subtypes. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:15-24. [PMID: 27439682 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the function of target genes at the post-transcriptional phase. miRNAs are considered to have roles in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. Recent studies have indicated that particular miRNA signatures are correlated with tumor aggressiveness, response to drug therapy and patient outcome in breast cancer. On the other hand, in routine clinical practice, the treatment regimens for breast cancer are determined based on the intrinsic subtype of the primary tumor. Previous studies have shown that miRNA expression profiles of each intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer differ. In hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, miRNA expressions are found to be correlated with endocrine therapy resistance, progesterone receptor expression and heat shock protein activity. Some miRNAs are associated with resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and HER3 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer, miRNA expressions are found to be associated with BRCA mutations, immune system, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell properties and androgen receptor expression. As it has been clarified that the expression levels and functions of miRNA differ among the various subtypes of breast cancer, and it is necessary to take account of the characteristics of each breast cancer subtype during research into the roles of miRNA in breast cancer. In addition, the discovery of the roles played by miRNAs in breast cancer might provide new opportunities for the development of novel strategies for diagnosing and treating breast cancer.
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87
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Weng HL, Wang MJ. Effects of microRNA‑338‑3p on morphine‑induced apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2085-92. [PMID: 27432229 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) on morphine (MP)-induced apoptosis, and its underlying mechanisms. Freshly‑isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in vitro and treated with MP following transfection with miR‑338‑3p mimic, inhibitor or controls. miR‑338‑3p expression levels increased significantly following MP treatment (P<0.01). This increase was enhanced following transfection with miR‑338‑3p mimic (P<0.05) and abrogated following transfection with miR‑338‑3p inhibitor (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate increased significantly in groups treated with MP (P<0.05); however, this increase was abrogated by transfection with miR‑338‑3p inhibitor (P<0.05). Bioinformatics software predicted that sex determining region Y‑box 4 (SOX4) was the target gene of miR‑338‑3p and this was verified using a dual‑luciferase reporter gene system. SOX4 mRNA and protein expression levels decreased significantly following MP treatment (P<0.05); however, this decrease was abrogated following transfection with miR‑338‑3p inhibitor (P<0.05). Caspase‑3 protein expression levels increased markedly following MP treatment (P<0.05); however, this increase was inhibited by transfection with miR‑338‑3p inhibitor (P<0.05). Therefore, decreased expression of miR‑338‑3p may suppress MP‑induced apoptosis, potentially via the upregulation of SOX4 expression and the caspase‑3‑dependent apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Weng
- Department of Anesthesia, Linyi Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
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88
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Zhang YF, Yu Y, Song WZ, Zhang RM, Jin S, Bai JW, Kang HB, Wang X, Cao XC. miR-410-3p suppresses breast cancer progression by targeting Snail. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:480-6. [PMID: 27221455 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-410-3p acts as an oncogene or tumor-suppressor gene in various types of cancer. However, its role in breast cancer remains unknown. In the present study, expression of miR-410-3p in 30 breast cancer and paired adjacent normal tissues was detected by RT-qPCR. The expression of miR-410-3p was downregulated in 76.7% of the breast cancer samples. To further validate the expression of miR-410-3p in breast cancer, we analyzed miR-410-3p expression profiling data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) including 683 breast cancer and 87 normal breast tissues. We observed that the expression of miR-410-3p was downregulated in breast cancer tissues. Next, we investigated the influence of miR-410-3p on cell proliferation by transiently transfecting the miR-410-3p mimic or inhibitor, as well as their corresponding controls in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines. miR-410-3p overexpression reduced cell growth, colony formation and the number of EdU-positive cells in the MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, inhibition of miR-410-3p in the MCF7 cells resulted in a higher proliferation rate as assessed by MTT assay, plate colony formation and EdU assays. Furthermore, miR-410-3p inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, Snail was found to be a direct target of miR-410-3p based on a luciferase assay. Overexpression of Snail was able to rescue the effect of miR-410-3p in breast cancer cells. Moreover, miR‑410-3p was inversely expressed with Snail in breast cancer samples. Our data provide new knowledge regarding the role of miR-410-3p in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Zhang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wang-Zhao Song
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Wen Bai
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Kang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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89
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Zhang X, Zhong S, Xu Y, Yu D, Ma T, Chen L, Zhao Y, Chen X, Yang S, Wu Y, Tang J, Zhao J. MicroRNA-3646 Contributes to Docetaxel Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Cells by GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153194. [PMID: 27045586 PMCID: PMC4821636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to docetaxel (Doc) is one of the most important problems in treatment of breast cancer patients, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In present study, Doc-resistant MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231/Doc and MCF-7/Doc) were successfully established in vitro by gradually increasing Doc concentration on the basis of parental MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines (MDA-MB-231/S and MCF-7/S). The potential miRNAs relevant to the Doc resistance were screened by miRNA microarray. We selected 5 upregulated miRNAs (has-miR-3646, has-miR-3658, has-miR-4438, has-miR-1246, and has-miR-574-3p) from the results of microarray for RT-qPCR validation. The results showed that expression level of miR-3646 in MDA-MB-231/Doc cells was significantly higher than in MDA-MB-231/S cells. Compared to MCF-7/S cells, miR-3646 expression was up-regulated in MCF-7/Doc cells. Further studies revealed that transfection of miR-3646 mimics into MDA-MB-231/S or MCF-7/S cells remarkably increased their drug resistance, in contrast, transfection of miR-3646 inhibitors into MDA-MB-231/Doc or MCF-7/Doc cells resulted in significant reduction of the drug resistance. By the pathway enrichment analyses for miR-3646, we found that GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was a significant pathway, in which GSK-3β was an essential member. RT-qPCR and Western blot results demonstrated that miR-3646 could regulate GSK-3β mRNA and protein expressions. Furthermore, a marked increase of both nuclear and cytoplasmic β-catenin expressions (with phosphorylated-β-catenin decrease) was observed in MDA-MB-231/Doc cells compared with MDA-MB-231/S cells, and their expression were positively related to miR-3646 and negatively correlated with GSK-3β. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-3646-mediated Doc resistance of breast cancer cells maybe, at least in part, through suppressing expression of GSK-3β and resultantly activating GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sujin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yueqin Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- * E-mail:
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90
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Zhang M, Guo W, Qian J, Wang B. Negative regulation of CDC42 expression and cell cycle progression by miR-29a in breast cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:78-82. [PMID: 28352771 PMCID: PMC5329802 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The inhibitory role of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) has been assessed in breast cancer cells. Herein, we analyze the underlying mechanisms of its role in cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. Methods We applied real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the expression of miR-29 in breast cancer cell lines. Then one of the cell lines, MDA-MB-453, was transfected with mimics of miR-29a. The cell cycle was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after staining the cells with propidium iodide. Real-time PCR, luciferase assay and western blot were used together to verify the regulation of the predicted target, cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) by miR-29a. Results MiR-29s were decreased in our selected mammary cell lines, among which miR-29a was the dominant isoform. Overexpression of miR-29a caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. We further found that miR-29a could target the expression of CDC42, which is a small GTPase associated with cell cycle progression. Conclusion We suggest that miR-29a exerts its tumor suppressor role in breast cancer cells partially by arresting the cell cycle through negative regulation of CDC42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, AnHui province, 230032 China
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of BengBu Medical College, AnHui province, 233000 China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of BengBu Medical College, AnHui province, 233000 China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of BengBu Medical College, AnHui province, 233000 China
| | - Benzhong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, AnHui province, 230032 China
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91
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Shi J. Considering Exosomal miR-21 as a Biomarker for Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5040042. [PMID: 27043643 PMCID: PMC4850465 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a fatal human disease. Early diagnosis of cancer is the most effective method to prevent cancer development and to achieve higher survival rates for patients. Many traditional diagnostic methods for cancer are still not sufficient for early, more convenient and accurate, and noninvasive diagnosis. Recently, the use of microRNAs (miRNAs), such as exosomal microRNA-21(miR-21), as potential biomarkers was widely reported. This initial systematic review analyzes the potential role of exosomal miR-21 as a general biomarker for cancers. A total of 10 studies involving 318 patients and 215 healthy controls have covered 10 types of cancers. The sensitivity and specificity of pooled studies were 75% (0.70–0.80) and 85% (0.81–0.91), with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), while the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.93. Additionally, we examined and evaluated almost all other issues about biomarkers, including cutoff points, internal controls and detection methods, from the literature. This initial meta-analysis indicates that exosomal miR-21 has a strong potential to be used as a universal biomarker to identify cancers, although as a general biomarker the case number for each cancer type is small. Based on the literature, a combination of miRNA panels and other cancer antigens, as well as a selection of appropriate internal controls, has the potential to serve as a more sensitive and accurate cancer diagnosis tool. Additional information on miR-21 would further support its use as a biomarker in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Neurology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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92
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Chandra V, Kim JJ, Mittal B, Rai R. MicroRNA aberrations: An emerging field for gallbladder cancer management. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1787-1799. [PMID: 26855538 PMCID: PMC4724610 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i5.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is infrequent but most lethal biliary tract malignancy characterized by an advanced stage diagnosis and poor survival rates attributed to absence of specific symptoms and effective treatment options. These necessitate development of early prognostic/predictive markers and novel therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a key role in tumor biology by functioning like tumor suppressor- or onco- genes and their aberrant expression are associated with the pathogenesis of several neoplasms with overwhelming clinical implications. Since miRNA signature is tissue specific, here, we focused on current data concerning the miRNAs abberations in GBC pathogenesis. In GBC, miRNAs with tumor suppressor activity (miR-135-5p, miR-335, miR-34a, miR-26a, miR-146b-5p, Mir-218-5p, miR-1, miR-145, mir-130a) were found downregulated, while those with oncogenic property (miR-20a, miR-182, mir-155) were upregulated. The expression profile of miRNAs was significantly associated with GBC prognosis and prediction, and forced over-expression/ inhibition of these miRNAs was shown to affect tumor growth and development. Further, differential expression of miRNAs in the blood samples of GBC patients suggest miRNAs as promising noninvasive biomarker. Thus, miRNAs represent potential candidate for GBC management, though many hurdles need to be overcome before miRNAs therapy can be clinically applied to GBC prevention and treatment.
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93
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Guo S, Guo W, Li S, Dai W, Zhang N, Zhao T, Wang H, Ma J, Yi X, Ge R, Wang G, Gao T, Li C. Serum miR-16: A Potential Biomarker for Predicting Melanoma Prognosis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:985-993. [PMID: 26829037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most malignant cancers with notorious aggressiveness, and its prognosis is greatly influenced by progression status. Serum microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs with high stability and easy accessibility in human blood. Their expression profiles are frequently dysregulated in cancers; hence, levels of serum microRNAs may reflect progression status and thus predict melanoma prognosis. In a hospital based case-control study, we found a significant reduction of serum miR-16 level in melanoma patients compared with cancer-free controls (P < 0.001). In addition, serum miR-16 level markedly decreased in melanoma patients with increased tumor thickness, occurrence of ulceration, and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer stages, and was highly correlated with tissue Ki-67 expression (r = -0.521, P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed a prognostic role of serum miR-16 (hazard ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval 1.10-5.63, P = 0.028), which independently evaluated patients' survival outcome. Finally, the suppressive role of miR-16 in melanoma growth was validated both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that serum miR-16 is a potential biomarker for predicting melanoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Rui Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China.
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94
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A Repertoire of MicroRNAs Regulates Cancer Cell Starvation by Targeting Phospholipase D in a Feedback Loop That Operates Maximally in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1078-89. [PMID: 26787840 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00711-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a negative feedback loop between the signaling protein phospholipase D (PLD), phosphatidic acid (PA), and a specific set of microRNAs (miRNAs) during nutrient starvation of breast cancer cells. We show that PLD expression is increased in four breast cancer cell lines and that hypoxia, cell overcrowding, and nutrient starvation for 3 to 6 h increase expression even further. However, after prolonged (>12-h) starvation, PLD levels return to basal or lower levels. The mechanism for this is as follows. First, during initial starvation, an elevated PA (the product of PLD enzymatic activity) activates mTOR and S6K, known to inhibit apoptosis, and enhances cell migration especially in post-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (post-EMT) cancer cells. Second, continued PA production in later starvation induces expression of PLD-targeting microRNA 203 (miR-203), miR-887, miR-3619-5p, and miR-182, which reduce PLD translation. We provide direct evidence for a feedback loop, whereby PLD induction upon starvation leads to PA, which induces expression of miRNAs, which in turn inhibits PLD2 translation. The physiological relevance for breast cancer cells is that as PA can activate cell invasion, then, due to the negative feedback, it can deprive mTOR and S6K of their natural activator. It can further prevent inhibition of apoptosis and allow cells to survive nutrient deprivation, which normal cells cannot do.
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95
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Li G, Yao L, Zhang J, Li X, Dang S, Zeng K, Zhou Y, Gao F. Tumor-suppressive microRNA-34a inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion via targeting oncogenic TPD52. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7481-91. [PMID: 26678891 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor protein D52 (TPD52) is an oncogene overexpressed in breast cancer. Although the oncogenic effects of TPD52 are well recognized, how its expression and the role in migration/invasion is still not clear. This study tried to explore the regulative role of microRNA-34a (miR-34a), a tumor suppressive miRNA, on TPD52 expression in breast cancer. The expression of miR-34a was found significantly decreased in breast cancer specimens with lymph node metastases and breast cancer cell lines. The clinicopathological characteristics analyzed showed that lower expression levels of miR-34a were associated with advanced clinical stages. Moreover, TPD52 was demonstrated as one of miR-34a direct targets in human breast cancer cells. miR-34a was further found significantly repress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibit breast cancer cell migration and invasion via TPD52. These findings indicate that miR-34a inhibits breast cancer progression and metastasis through targeting TPD52. Consequently, our data strongly suggested that oncogenic TPD52 pathway regulated by miR-34a might be useful to reveal new therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Dang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.,Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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96
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Kuo WT, Su MW, Lee YL, Chen CH, Wu CW, Fang WL, Huang KH, Lin WC. Bioinformatic Interrogation of 5p-arm and 3p-arm Specific miRNA Expression Using TCGA Datasets. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1798-814. [PMID: 26389959 PMCID: PMC4600160 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cellular functions and developmental processes. They are also implicated in oncogenesis mechanisms and could serve as potential cancer biomarkers. Using high-throughput miRNA sequencing information, expression of both the 5p-arm and 3p-arm mature miRNAs were demonstrated and generated from the single miRNA hairpin precursor. However, current miRNA annotations lack comprehensive 5p-arm/3p-arm feature annotations. Among known human mature miRNAs, only half of them are annotated with arm features. This generated ambiguous results in many miRNA-Sequencing (miRNA-Seq) studies. In this report, we have interrogated the TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) miRNA expression datasets with an improved, fully annotated human 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA reference list. By utilizing this comprehensive miRNA arm-feature annotations, enhanced determinations and clear annotations were achieved for the miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) recognized from the sequencing reads. In the gastric cancer (STAD) dataset, as an example, 32 5p-arm/3p-arm OPEN ACCESS J. Clin. Med. 2015, 4 1799 specific miRNAs were found to be down-regulated and 24 5p-arm/3p-arm specific miRNAs were found to be up-regulated. We have further extended miRNA biomarker discoveries to additional TCGA miRNA-Seq datasets and provided extensive expression information on 5p-arm/3p-arm miRNAs across multiple cancer types. Our results identified several miRNAs that could be potential common biomarkers for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chew-Wun Wu
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112,Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112,Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112,Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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97
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Pipan V, Zorc M, Kunej T. MicroRNA Polymorphisms in Cancer: A Literature Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1806-14. [PMID: 26371044 PMCID: PMC4586796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in microRNA (miRNA) genes (miR-SNPs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their involvement in the development of various types of cancer. Therefore, a systematic review on this topic was needed. From 55 scientific publications we collected 20 SNPs, which are located within 18 miRNA encoding genes and have been associated with 16 types of cancer. Among 20 miRNA gene polymorphisms 13 are located within the premature miRNA region, five within mature, and two within mature seed miRNA region. We graphically visualized a network of miRNA-cancer associations which revealed miRNA genes and cancer types with the highest number of connections. Our study showed that, despite a large number of variations currently known to be located within miRNA genes in humans, most of them have not yet been tested for association with cancer. MicroRNA SNPs collected in this study represent only 0.43% of known miRNA gene variations (20/4687). Results of the present study will be useful to researchers investigating the clinical use of miRNAs, such as the roles of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pipan
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana,Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domzale, Slovenia.
| | - Minja Zorc
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana,Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domzale, Slovenia.
| | - Tanja Kunej
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana,Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domzale, Slovenia.
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98
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Miao CG, Xiong YY, Yu H, Zhang XL, Qin MS, Song TW, Du CL. Critical roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: New advances, challenges and potential directions. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:626-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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99
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Kagiya T. MicroRNAs and Osteolytic Bone Metastasis: The Roles of MicroRNAs in Tumor-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1741-52. [PMID: 26343739 PMCID: PMC4600156 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone metastasis frequently occurs in the later stages of breast, lung, and several other cancers. Osteoclasts, the only cells that resorb bone, are hijacked by tumor cells, which break down bone remodeling systems. As a result, osteolysis occurs and may cause patients to suffer bone fractures, pain, and hypercalcemia. It is important to understand the mechanism of bone metastasis to establish new cancer therapies. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs have significant clinical potential, including their use as new therapeutic targets and disease-specific biomarkers. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs are involved in osteoclast differentiation and osteolytic bone metastasis. In this review focusing on microRNAs, the author discusses the roles of microRNAs in osteoclastogenesis and osteolytic bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Kagiya
- Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
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100
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Wang J, Yang M, Li Y, Han B. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Chemoresistance of Breast Cancer. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:368-74. [PMID: 26310899 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women with more than 1.3 million new cases every year worldwide. Chemotherapy is a critical therapeutic strategy for breast cancer, while chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to treatment success. In the past two decades, significant progress has been achieved in understanding drug resistance in breast cancer, involving drug efflux, alterations in DNA repair pathways, suppression of apoptosis as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. However, more effective therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers are still urgently needed to improve the overall survival and refine the therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The recent discovery of miRNAs in malignancy has provided new directions for research on mechanisms underlying response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, several studies have documented that selected miRNAs, such as miR-200c and miR-34a, may influence response to chemotherapy in several tumor types, including breast cancer. The use of miRNAs as therapeutic targets to overcome chemoresistance is currently under investigation. In this review, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in chemoresistance through multiple molecular mechanisms, and highlight the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of miRNAs in overcoming breast cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Muyi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Outpatient, Shandong Provincial Military Command, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
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