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Al-Fityan S, Diesel B, Fischer T, Ampofo E, Schomisch A, Mashayekhi V, Schneider M, Kiemer AK. Nanostructured Microparticles Repolarize Macrophages and Induce Cell Death in an In Vitro Model of Tumour-Associated Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1895. [PMID: 37514081 PMCID: PMC10385046 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) in their pro-inflammatory state (M1) suppress tumour growth, while tumour-associated MΦs (TAMs) can promote tumour progression. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that targeted delivery of the immune activator poly(I:C) in aspherical silica microrods (µRs) can repolarize TAMs into M1-like cells. µRs (10 µm × 3 µm) were manufactured from silica nanoparticles and stabilized with dextran sulphate and polyethyleneimine. The THP-1 cell line, differentiated into MΦs, and primary human monocyte-derived MΦs (HMDMs) were treated with tumour-cell-conditioned medium (A549), but only HMDMs could be polarized towards TAMs. Flow cytometry and microscopy revealed elevated uptake of µRs by TAMs compared to non-polarized HMDMs. Flow cytometry and qPCR studies on polarization markers showed desirable effects of poly(I:C)-loaded MPs towards an M1 polarization. However, unloaded µRs also showed distinct actions, which were not induced by bacterial contaminations. Reporter cell assays showed that µRs induce the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Macrophages from Nlrp3 knockout mice showed that µRs in concentrations as low as 0.5 µR per cell can activate the inflammasome and induce cell death. In conclusion, our data show that µRs, even if unloaded, can induce inflammasome activation and cell death in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Al-Fityan
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Britta Diesel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Thorben Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Annika Schomisch
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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52
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Jang H, Ojha U, Jeong JH, Park KG, Lee SY, Lee YM. Myriocin suppresses tumor growth by modulating macrophage polarization and function through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:629-645. [PMID: 37468765 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME), referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are involved in various aspects of tumor progression including initiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to therapy. Myriocin, a natural compound isolated from Mycelia sterilia, is an immunosuppressant that inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of myriocin on TAMs and TAM-mediated tumor growth have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we determined the effects of myriocin on TAMs and the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. Myriocin significantly suppressed monocyte-macrophage differentiation and M2 polarization of macrophages but not M1 polarization. In addition, myriocin inhibited the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and secretion of proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, in M2 macrophages as well as M2-induced endothelial cell permeability. Myriocin also inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in M2 macrophages. Myriocin reduced the population of M2-like TAMs within the tumor tissue of a mouse allograft tumor model but not that of M1-like TAMs. Moreover, combined treatment with myriocin and cisplatin synergistically suppressed tumor growth and enhanced survival rate in mice by reducing the population of M2-like TAMs. Overall, these results suggest that myriocin inhibits tumor growth by remodeling the TME through suppression of differentiation and polarization of M2-like TAMs via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonha Jang
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Uttam Ojha
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hak Jeong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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53
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Nordin ML, Azemi AK, Nordin AH, Nabgan W, Ng PY, Yusoff K, Abu N, Lim KP, Zakaria ZA, Ismail N, Azmi F. Peptide-Based Vaccine against Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:923. [PMID: 37513835 PMCID: PMC10386531 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is considered the second-leading cancer after lung cancer and is the most prevalent cancer among women globally. Currently, cancer immunotherapy via vaccine has gained great attention due to specific and targeted immune cell activity that creates a potent immune response, thus providing long-lasting protection against the disease. Despite peptides being very susceptible to enzymatic degradation and poor immunogenicity, they can be easily customized with selected epitopes to induce a specific immune response and particulate with carriers to improve their delivery and thus overcome their weaknesses. With advances in nanotechnology, the peptide-based vaccine could incorporate other components, thereby modulating the immune system response against breast cancer. Considering that peptide-based vaccines seem to show remarkably promising outcomes against cancer, this review focuses on and provides a specific view of peptide-based vaccines used against breast cancer. Here, we discuss the benefits associated with a peptide-based vaccine, which can be a mainstay in the prevention and recurrence of breast cancer. Additionally, we also report the results of recent trials as well as plausible prospects for nanotechnology against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Nordin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- National Institutes of Biotechnology, Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, Jalan Bangi, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1 Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Noraznawati Ismail
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Fazren Azmi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Asaro RJ, Profumo E, Buttari B, Cabrales P. The Double-Edged Sword of Erythrocytes in Health and Disease via Their Adhesiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10382. [PMID: 37373527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Their widespread presence throughout the vasculature, coupled with their reactivity, and thereby to their potential to release reactive oxidative species, or to utilize their anti-oxidative capacities, has promoted much discussion of the role(s) of red blood cells (RBCs) in the progression of health or, alternatively, a wide range of disease states. Moreover, these role(s) have been linked to the development of adhesiveness and, in fact, thereby to the essential pathway to their eventual clearance, e.g., by macrophages in the spleen. These disparate roles coupled with the mechanisms involved are reviewed and given. Following an analysis, novel perspectives are provided; these perspectives can lead to novel assays for identifying the potential for RBC adhesiveness as suggested herein. We describe this paradigm, that involves RBC adhesiveness, hemolysis, and ghost formation, with examples including, inter alia, the progression of atherosclerosis and the suppression of tumor growth along with other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Asaro
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085, USA
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085, USA
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55
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Alonso-Juarranz M, Mascaraque M, Carrasco E, Gracia-Cazaña T, De La Sen O, Gilaberte Y, Gonzalez S, Juarranz Á, Falahat F. The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3227. [PMID: 37370836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively) was performed. Both carcinomas share some but not all histological and genetic features. This review was focused on how mutations in tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes cooperate to determine the differentiation, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential of OSCC and CSCC. In fact, driver mutations in tumor suppressor genes are more frequently observed in OSCC than CSCC. These include mutations in TP53 (encoding pP53 protein), CDKN2A (encoding cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A), FAT1 (encoding FAT atypical cadherin 1), and KMT2D (encoding lysine methyltransferase 2D), with the exception of NOTCH (encoding Notch receptor 1), whose mutation frequency is lower in OSCC compared to CSCC. Finally, we describe the differential composition of the tumor microenvironment and how this influences the aggressiveness of each tumor type. Although both OSCC and CSCC tumors are highly infiltrated by immune cells, high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been more frequently reported as predictors of better outcomes in OSCC than CSCC. In conclusion, OSCC and CSCC partially share genetic alterations and possess different causal factors triggering their development. The tumor microenvironment plays a key role determining the outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alonso-Juarranz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Oscar De La Sen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador Gonzalez
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Farzin Falahat
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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56
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D'Urso A, Oltolina F, Borsotti C, Prat M, Colangelo D, Follenzi A. Macrophage Reprogramming via the Modulation of Unfolded Protein Response with siRNA-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles in a TAM-like Experimental Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1711. [PMID: 37376159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are required in cancer therapy. Considering the prominent role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the development and progression of cancer, the re-education of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) could represent a potential approach for cancer immunotherapy. TAMs display an irregular unfolded protein response (UPR) in their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to endure environmental stress and ensure anti-cancer immunity. Therefore, nanotechnology could be an attractive tool to modulate the UPR in TAMs, providing an alternative strategy for TAM-targeted repolarization therapy. Herein, we developed and tested polydopamine-coupled magnetite nanoparticles (PDA-MNPs) functionalized with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to downregulate the protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) expression in TAM-like macrophages derived from murine peritoneal exudate (PEMs). After the evaluation of the cytocompatibility, the cellular uptake, and the gene silencing efficiency of PDA-MNPs/siPERK in PEMs, we analyzed their ability to re-polarize in vitro these macrophages from M2 to the M1 inflammatory anti-tumor phenotype. Our results indicate that PDA-MNPs, with their magnetic and immunomodulator features, are cytocompatible and able to re-educate TAMs toward the M1 phenotype by PERK inhibition, a UPR effector contributing to TAM metabolic adaptation. These findings can provide a novel strategy for the development of new tumor immunotherapies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita D'Urso
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Oltolina
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Prat
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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57
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Bruni S, Mercogliano MF, Mauro FL, Cordo Russo RI, Schillaci R. Cancer immune exclusion: breaking the barricade for a successful immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135456. [PMID: 37284199 PMCID: PMC10239871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the course of cancer treatment. The initial steps were made through tumor-specific antibodies that guided the setup of an antitumor immune response. A new and successful generation of antibodies are designed to target immune checkpoint molecules aimed to reinvigorate the antitumor immune response. The cellular counterpart is the adoptive cell therapy, where specific immune cells are expanded or engineered to target cancer cells. In all cases, the key for achieving positive clinical resolutions rests upon the access of immune cells to the tumor. In this review, we focus on how the tumor microenvironment architecture, including stromal cells, immunosuppressive cells and extracellular matrix, protects tumor cells from an immune attack leading to immunotherapy resistance, and on the available strategies to tackle immune evasion.
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58
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Hudson WH, Olson JJ, Sudmeier LJ. Immune microenvironment remodeling after radiation of a progressing brain metastasis. Cell Rep Med 2023:101054. [PMID: 37209684 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is commonly used in the treatment of many cancers. However, its effects on anti-tumor immune responses are incompletely understood. Here, we present a detailed immunological analysis of two tumors from a patient with multiple non-small cell lung cancer metastases to the brain. One tumor was resected without treatment; the second was irradiated to a total dose of 30 Gy and resected following further progression. Comprehensive single-cell analysis reveals a substantially reduced immune cell fraction in the irradiated tumor, including the depletion of tissue-resident macrophages and infiltration of pro-inflammatory monocytes. Despite the presence of similar somatic mutations in both tumors, radiation is associated with the depletion of exhausted, tumor-resident T cell clones and their replacement by circulating clones unlikely to contribute to tumor-specific immunity. These results provide insight into the local effects of radiation on anti-tumor immunity and raise important considerations for the combination of radiation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hudson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lisa J Sudmeier
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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59
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Tada A, Minami T, Kitai H, Higashiguchi Y, Tokuda M, Higashiyama T, Negi Y, Horio D, Nakajima Y, Otsuki T, Mikami K, Takahashi R, Nakamura A, Kitajima K, Ohmuraya M, Kuribayashi K, Kijima T. Combination therapy with anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody plus angiokinase inhibitor exerts synergistic antitumor effect against malignant mesothelioma via tumor microenvironment modulation. Lung Cancer 2023; 180:107219. [PMID: 37146474 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related fatal malignant neoplasm. Although there has been no reliable chemotherapeutic regimen other than combination therapy of cisplatin and pemetrexed for two decades, combination of ipilimumab plus nivolumab brought about a better outcome in patients with MPM. Thus, cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is expected to play a central role in the treatment of MPM. To maximize the antitumor effect of ICI, we evaluated whether nintedanib, an antiangiogenic agent, could augment the antitumor effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody (Ab). Although nintedanib could not inhibit the proliferation of mesothelioma cells in vitro, it significantly suppressed the growth of mesothelioma allografts in mice. Moreover, combination therapy with anti-PD-1 Ab plus nintedanib reduced tumor burden more dramatically compared with nintedanib monotherapy via inducing remarkable necrosis in MPM allografts. Nintedanib did not promote the infiltration of CD8+ T cells within the tumor when used alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 Ab but it independently decreased the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis and ex vivo study using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed that nintedanib could polarize TAMs from M2 to M1 phenotype. These results indicated that nintedanib had a potential to suppress protumor activity of TAMs both numerically and functionally. On the other hand, ex vivo study revealed that nintedanib upregulated the expression of PD-1 and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in BMDMs and mesothelioma cells, respectively, and exhibited the impairment of phagocytic activity of BMDMs against mesothelioma cells. Co-administration of anti-PD-1 Ab may reactivate phagocytic activity of BMDMs by disrupting nintedanib-induced immunosuppressive signal via binding between PD-1 on BMDMs and PD-L1 on mesothelioma cells. Collectively, combination therapy of anti-PD-1 Ab plus nintedanib enhances the antitumor activity compared with respective monotherapy and can become a novel therapeutic option for patients with MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Tada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Minami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hidemi Kitai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoko Higashiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Tokuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Higashiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Negi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Horio
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Otsuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakamura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kitajima
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kuribayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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60
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Zhang Q, Sioud M. Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subsets: Shaping Polarization and Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7493. [PMID: 37108657 PMCID: PMC10138703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Among the innate immune cells recruited to the tumor site, macrophages are the most abundant cell population and are present at all stages of tumor progression. They undergo M1/M2 polarization in response to signals derived from TME. M1 macrophages suppress tumor growth, while their M2 counterparts exert pro-tumoral effects by promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to current therapies. Several subsets of the M2 phenotype have been observed, often denoted as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d. These are induced by different stimuli and differ in phenotypes as well as functions. In this review, we discuss the key features of each M2 subset, their implications in cancers, and highlight the strategies that are being developed to harness TAMs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qindong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mouldy Sioud
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
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Yang Z, Li H, Zhang W, Zhang M, He J, Yu Z, Sun X, Ni P. CD163 Monoclonal Antibody Modified Polymer Prodrug Nanoparticles for Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) to Enhance Anti-Tumor Effects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041241. [PMID: 37111726 PMCID: PMC10144748 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy. Since TAMs are mainly composed of M2-type macrophages, they have a promoting effect on tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. M2-type macrophages contain a specific receptor CD163 on their surface, providing a prerequisite for active targeting to TAMs. In this study, we prepared CD163 monoclonal antibody modified doxorubicin-polymer prodrug nanoparticles (abbreviated as mAb-CD163-PDNPs) with pH responsiveness and targeted delivery. First, DOX was bonded with the aldehyde group of a copolymer by Schiff base reaction to form an amphiphilic polymer prodrug, which could self-assemble into nanoparticles in the aqueous solution. Then, mAb-CD163-PDNPs were generated through a "Click" reaction between the azide group on the surface of the prodrug nanoparticles and dibenzocyclocytyl-coupled CD163 monoclonal antibody (mAb-CD163-DBCO). The structure and assembly morphology of the prodrug and nanoparticles were characterized by 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro drug release behavior, cytotoxicity, and cell uptake were also investigated. The results show that the prodrug nanoparticles have regular morphology and stable structure, especially mAb-CD163-PDNPs, which can actively target TAMs at tumor sites, respond to the acidic environment in tumor cells, and release drugs. While depleting TAMs, mAb-CD163-PDNPs can actively enrich drugs at the tumor site and have a strong inhibitory effect on TAMs and tumor cells. The result of the in vivo test also shows a good therapeutic effect, with a tumor inhibition rate of 81%. This strategy of delivering anticancer drugs in TAMs provides a new way to develop targeted drugs for immunotherapy of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Yang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haijiao Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinlin He
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zepeng Yu
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Xingwei Sun
- Intervention Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Peihong Ni
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Wang X, Tang Y, Liu R, Li W, Liu S, Zhou X. Pan-cancer analysis of BRK1 as a potential immunotherapeutic target. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36989393 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2196179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the connection between the progression of several cancers and BRK1. However, the clinical significance of aberrant BRK1 gene expression in cancer is unknown. This study is conducted to investigate the possibility and effect of BRK1 as a potential immunotherapy target, to deliver a better option for liver cancer immunotherapy. We explored the predictive role of BRK1 expression in a variety of cancers from different bioinformatics, including differential expression in different cancers, tumor microenvironment (TME), microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint molecules, immune-related and cell cycle-related signalling pathways, and drug response sensitivity. Finally, we verified the expression of BRK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. BRK1 is overexpressed in multiple cancers and displays a negative association with prognosis and progression of disease in a wide range of main cancer types. Additionally, the expression of BRK1 is related to MSI and TMB of tumors. There was also a remarkable correlation between the expression of BRK1 and immune score, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint molecules and a stromal score of tumors. In hepatocellular carcinoma, BRK1 is associated with several signaling pathways and immune cell infiltration may affect several key immune-related regulatory genes, making it an excellent biomarker and may be a sensitive target for immune drugs.Our research suggests that BRK1 may be a potential prognostic marker and target for immunotherapy and may be associated with poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiantao First People 's Hospital of Yangtze University, Xiantao, Hubei, China
| | - Yanru Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Xiantao First People 's Hospital of Yangtze University, Xiantao, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinhong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiantao First People 's Hospital of Yangtze University, Xiantao, Hubei, China
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Kurdi M, Mulla N, Malibary H, Bamaga AK, Fadul MM, Faizo E, Hakamy S, Baeesa S. Immune microenvironment of medulloblastoma: The association between its molecular subgroups and potential targeted immunotherapeutic receptors. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:117-130. [PMID: 37009528 PMCID: PMC10052334 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is considered the commonest malignant brain tumor in children. Multimodal treatments consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved patients’ survival. Nevertheless, the recurrence occurs in 30% of cases. The persistent mortality rates, the failure of current therapies to extend life expectancy, and the serious complications of non-targeted cytotoxic treatment indicate the need for more refined therapeutic approaches. Most MBs originating from the neurons of external granular layer line the outer surface of neocerebellum and responsible for the afferent and efferent connections. Recently, MBs have been segregated into four molecular subgroups: Wingless-activated (WNT-MB) (Group 1); Sonic-hedgehog-activated (SHH-MB) (Group 2); Group 3 and 4 MBs. These molecular alterations follow specific gene mutations and disease-risk stratifications. The current treatment protocols and ongoing clinical trials against these molecular subgroups are still using common chemotherapeutic agents by which their efficacy have improved the progression-free survival but did not change the overall survival. However, the need to explore new therapies targeting specific receptors in MB microenvironment became essential. The immune microenvironment of MBs consists of distinctive cellular heterogeneities including immune cells and none-immune cells. Tumour associate macrophage and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte are considered the main principal cells in tumour microenvironment, and their role are still under investigation. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of interaction between MB cells and immune cells in the microenvironment, with an overview of the recent investigations and clinical trials
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
- Neuromuscular Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Mulla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Malibary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz M Fadul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Faizo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabuk University, Tabuk 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Hakamy
- Neurmuscular Unit, Center of Excellence of Genomic Medicine, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Li GL, Tang JF, Tan WL, Zhang T, Zeng D, Zhao S, Ran JH, Li J, Wang YP, Chen DL. The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by regulating macrophage polarization via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2023; 14:3155-3168. [PMID: 36883482 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of macrophages to environmental signals demonstrates its heterogeneity and plasticity. After different forms of polarized activation, macrophages reach the M1 or M2 activation state according to their respective environment. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) is a major bioactive component of Ganoderma lucidum, a well-known medicinal mushroom. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects of GLPS have been proven, GLPS's effect on inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating macrophage polarization is little known. Our data showed that GLPS notably inhibited the growth of a Hepa1-6 allograft. The expression of M1 marker CD86 was higher in the tumor tissue of the GLPS treatment group than in the control group in vivo. In vitro, the phagocytic activity and NO production of macrophages were increased by GLPS treatment. Moreover, it was discovered that GLPS was able to increase the expression of the M1 phenotype marker CD86, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines comprising IL-12a, IL-23a, IL-27 and TNF-α, but inhibited macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype by decreasing the expression of CD206, Arg-1, and inflammation-related cytokines comprising IL-6 and IL-10. The data suggest that GLPS may regulate macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, GLPS increased the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK. In addition, the phosphorylation of IκBα and P65 was increased by GLPS treatment. These data showed that GLPS can regulate the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway responsible for M1 polarization. In a nutshell, our research puts forward a new application of GLPS in anti-HCC treatment by regulating macrophage polarization through activating MAPK/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jia-Feng Tang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Di Zeng
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Jian-Hua Ran
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, PR China
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Clinicopathological significance of peritumoral alveolar macrophages in patients with resected early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03393-8. [PMID: 36862151 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to clarify the correlation between the number of AMs and prognosis and to examine the gene expression of AMs in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). METHODS We reviewed 124 stage I lung SqCC cases in our hospital and 139 stage I lung SqCC cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort in this study. We counted the number of AMs in the peritumoral lung field (P-AMs) and in the lung field distant from the tumor (D-AMs). Moreover, we performed a novel ex vivo bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis to select AMs from surgically resected lung SqCC cases and examined the expression of IL10, CCL2, IL6, TGFβ, and TNFα (n = 3). RESULTS Patients with high P-AMs had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (p < 0.01); however, patients with high D-AMs did not have significantly shorter OS. Moreover, in TCGA cohort, patients with high P-AMs had a significantly shorter OS (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, a higher number of P-AMs were an independent poor prognostic factor (p = 0.02). Ex vivo BALF analysis revealed that AMs collected from the tumor vicinity showed higher expression of IL10 and CCL2 than AMs from distant lung fields in all 3 cases (IL-10: 2.2-, 3.0-, and 10.0-fold; CCL-2: 3.0-, 3.1-, and 3.2-fold). Moreover, the addition of recombinant CCL2 significantly increased the proliferation of RERF-LC-AI, a lung SqCC cell line. CONCLUSION The current results indicated the prognostic impact of the number of peritumoral AMs and suggested the importance of the peritumoral tumor microenvironment in lung SqCC progression.
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Liang DS, You WP, Zhu FF, Wang JH, Guo F, Xu JJ, Liu XL, Zhong HJ. Targeted delivery of pexidartinib to tumor-associated macrophages via legumain-sensitive dual-coating nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113283. [PMID: 37030033 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is regarded as an appealing cell target for cancer immunotherapy. However, it remains challenging to selectively eliminate M2-like TAM in tumor microenvironment. In this work, we employed a legumain-sensitive dual-coating nanosystem (s-Tpep-NPs) to deliver CSF-1R inhibitor pexidartinib (PLX3397) for targeting TAM therapy. The PLX3397-loaded NPs exhibited uniform size of ∼240 nm in diameter, good drug loading capacity and efficiency, as well as sustained drug release profile. Compared to non-sensitive counterpart ns-Tpep-NPs, s-Tpep-NPs showed distinguished selectivity upon M1 and M2 macrophage uptake with relation to incubation time and dose. Besides, the selectivity of anti-proliferation effect was also identified for s-Tpep-NPs against M1 and M2 macrophage. In vivo imaging demonstrated that s-Tpep-NPs exhibited much higher tumoral accumulation and TAM recognition specificity as compared to non-sensitive ns-Tpep-NPs. In vivo efficacy verified that s-Tpep-NPs formulation was much more effective than ns-Tpep-NPs and other PLX3397 formulations to treat B16F10 melanoma via targeting TAM depletion and modulating tumor immune microenvironment. Overall, this study provides a robust and promising nanomedicine strategy for TAM-targeted cancer immunotherapy.
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67
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Tian H, Cao J, Li B, Nice EC, Mao H, Zhang Y, Huang C. Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment. Bone Res 2023; 11:11. [PMID: 36849442 PMCID: PMC9971189 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding the efforts of researchers, its five-year survival rate has only shown limited improvement, suggesting that existing therapeutic strategies are insufficient to meet clinical needs. Notably, immunotherapy has shown certain advantages over traditional tumor treatments in inhibiting metastasis. Therefore, managing the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma can provide novel and valuable insight into the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity and progression of the disease. Additionally, given the advances in nanomedicine, there exist many advanced nanoplatforms for enhanced osteosarcoma immunotherapy with satisfactory physiochemical characteristics. Here, we review the classification, characteristics, and functions of the key components of the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma. This review also emphasizes the application, progress, and prospects of osteosarcoma immunotherapy and discusses several nanomedicine-based options to enhance the efficiency of osteosarcoma treatment. Furthermore, we examine the disadvantages of standard treatments and present future perspectives for osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tian
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Bowen Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Haijiao Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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68
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Iglesias-Escudero M, Arias-González N, Martínez-Cáceres E. Regulatory cells and the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:26. [PMID: 36739406 PMCID: PMC9898962 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response. These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs) and other regulatory cell types such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs), regulatory B cells (Bregs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These regulatory cells, known for their ability to suppress immune responses, can also suppress the anti-tumor immune response. The infiltration of many regulatory cells into tumor tissues is therefore associated with a poor prognosis. There is growing evidence that elimination of Tregs enhances anti-tumor immune responses. However, the systemic depletion of Treg cells can simultaneously cause deleterious autoimmunity. Furthermore, since regulatory cells are characterized by their high level of expression of immune checkpoints, it is also expected that immune checkpoint inhibitors perform part of their function by blocking these molecules and enhancing the immune response. This indicates that immunotherapy does not only act by activating specific effector T cells but can also directly or indirectly attenuate the suppressive activity of regulatory cells in tumor tissues. This review aims to draw together our current knowledge about the effect of immunotherapy on the various types of regulatory cells, and how these effects may be beneficial in the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Iglesias-Escudero
- Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Noelia Arias-González
- grid.411438.b0000 0004 1767 6330Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Cáceres
- Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Sadrkhanloo M, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Raesi R, Motahhary M, Saghari S, Sharifi L, Bokaie S, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance: An oncogenic pathway with diverse functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114168. [PMID: 36916439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The categorization of cancers demonstrates that prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and it causes high death annually. Prostate cancer patients are diagnosed mainly via biomarkers such as PSA test and patients show poor prognosis. Prostate cancer cells rapidly diffuse into different parts of body and their metastasis is also a reason for death. Current therapies for prostate cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy as well as targeted therapy. The progression of prostate cancer cells is regulated by different factors that STAT3 signaling is among them. Growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can induce STAT3 signaling and it shows carcinogenic impact. Activation of STAT3 signaling occurs in prostate cancer and it promotes malignant behavior of tumor cells. Induction of STAT3 signaling increases glycolysis and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 signaling induces EMT mechanism in increasing cancer metastasis. Activation of STAT3 signaling stimulates drug resistance and the limitation of current works is lack of experiment related to role of STAT3 signaling in radio-resistance in prostate tumor. Calcitriol, capsazepine and β-elemonic are among the compounds capable of targeting STAT3 signaling and its inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. In addition to natural products, small molecules targeting STAT3 signaling have been developed in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sam Saghari
- Department of Health Services Management, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Augimeri G, Fiorillo M, Morelli C, Panza S, Giordano C, Barone I, Catalano S, Sisci D, Andò S, Bonofiglio D. The Omega-3 Docosahexaenoyl Ethanolamide Reduces CCL5 Secretion in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Affecting Tumor Progression and Macrophage Recruitment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030819. [PMID: 36765778 PMCID: PMC9913844 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype lacking effective targeted therapies, is considered to feature a unique cellular microenvironment with high infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which contribute to worsening breast cancer patient outcomes. Previous studies have shown the antitumoral actions of the dietary omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in both tumor epithelial and stromal components of the breast cancer microenvironment. Particularly in breast cancer cells, DHA can be converted into its conjugate with ethanolamine, DHEA, leading to a more effective anti-oncogenic activity of the parent compound in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the ability of DHEA to attenuate the malignant phenotype of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 TNBC cell lines, which in turn influenced TAM behaviors. Our findings revealed that DHEA reduced the viability of TNBC cells in a concentration-dependent manner and compromised cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, DHEA inhibited oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates, reducing respiration and the glycolytic reserve in both cell lines. In a co-culture system, TNBC cells exposed to DHEA suppressed recruitment of human THP-1 cells, reduced their viability, and the expression of genes associated with TAM phenotype. Interestingly, we unraveled that the effects of DHEA in TNCB cells were mediated by reduced C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression and secretion affecting macrophage recruitment. Overall, our data, shedding new light on the antitumoral effects of DHA ethanolamine-conjugated, address this compound as a promising option in the treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (D.B.)
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71
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Gao X, Zhou S, Qin Z, Li D, Zhu Y, Ma D. Upregulation of HMGB1 in tumor-associated macrophages induced by tumor cell-derived lactate further promotes colorectal cancer progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:53. [PMID: 36709284 PMCID: PMC9883966 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate accumulation leads to an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), in turn promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant cells in TME. This study aimed to reveal the regulation mechanism of CRC cell-derived lactate on TAMs and explore the mechanism underlying lactate accumulation-induced aggravation in CRC. METHODS Cell growth and metastasis were evaluated by colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. Western blot and RT-qPCR were applied to determine the protein and mRNA expression. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the polarization state and apoptotic rate of macrophages induced in THP-1 cells. The lactate in the cell supernatant was quantified using an ELISA kit. Immunofluorescence was performed to visualize the location of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1). H&E and Ki67 staining assays were used to assess tumorigenesis in nude mice bearing ectopic tumors. RESULTS Cell growth and metastasis were promoted in the hypoxic CRC cells. The hypoxic cell supernatant stimulated the M2-type polarization of macrophages. The lactate level increased in hypoxic cancer cells. However, the inhibition of lactate using 3-hydroxy-butyrate (3-OBA) reversed the effects of hypoxia. Also, macrophages showed no promoting effect on cancer cell growth and migration in the presence of 3-OBA. HMGB1 was secreted into the extracellular space of lactate-induced macrophages, further enhancing the malignant behaviors of cancer cells. ERK, EMT, and Wnt signaling pathways were activated in cancer cells due to HMGB1 upregulation. CONCLUSIONS The lactate metabolized by cancer cells stimulated M2 polarization and HMGB1 secretion by macrophages, aggravating the carcinogenic behaviors of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gao
- grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Department of Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaofu Qin
- grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Dechuan Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Dening Ma
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022 China
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Abstract
In most solid cancers, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TME) represent a major population of immunosuppressive cells. This correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to antitumoral therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although initial preclinical studies were primarily meant to deplete macrophages in the TME or prevent their recruitment at tumor sites, recent evidence has indicated that the reprogramming of macrophages into cytotoxic effectors might be more beneficial in eliciting an effective antitumor immune response. Taking this into consideration, the comprehensive analysis of the phenotype and function of macrophages in the TME, and their interaction with cancer cells or other immune cells, has become of paramount importance in oncological research. Accordingly, here we explain the experimental procedures for the in vivo evaluation of tumor progression and response to therapy, with a particular focus on the detailed analysis of TAMs and related immune cells in the TME by flow cytometry, RNA analysis, and multiplex immunophenotyping. The output generated through these experiments allow researchers to test the efficacy of new therapeutic strategies on targeting.
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Jeong C, Kim J, Han IH, Kim S, Choi I, Kim H, Jeong JH, Bae H. Melittin derived peptide-drug conjugate, M-DM1, inhibits tumor progression and induces effector cell infiltration in melanoma by targeting M2 tumor-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178776. [PMID: 37122692 PMCID: PMC10140360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma has the highest mortality rate among all the types of skin cancer. In melanoma, M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with the invasiveness of tumor cells and a poor prognosis. Hence, the depletion or reduction of M2-TAMs is a therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of tumor progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of M-DM1, which is a conjugation of melittin (M), as a carrier for M2-like TAMs, and mertansine (DM1), as a payload to induce apoptosis of TAMs, in a mouse model of melanoma. Methods Melittin and DM1 were conjugated and examined for the characterization of M-DM1 by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Synthesized M-DM1 were examined for in vitro cytotoxic effects. For the in vivo study, we engrafted murine B16-F10 into right flank of C57BL/6 female mice and administered an array of treatments (PBS, M, DM1, or M-DM1 (20 nmol/kg)). Subsequently, the tumor growth and survival rates were analyzed, as well as examining the phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and expression profiles. Results M-DM1 was found to specifically reduce M2-like TAMs in melanoma, which potentially leads to the suppression of tumor growth, migration, and invasion. In addition, we also found that M-DM1 improved the survival rates in a mouse model of melanoma compared to M or DM1 treatment alone. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that M-DM1 enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (NK cells) in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion Taken together, our findings highlight that M-DM1 is a prospective agent with enhanced anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmi Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongdong Kim
- Twinpig Biolab Inc. Research & Development Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Innovation Support Center, Gangwon Technopark, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hyun Jeong, ; Hyunsu Bae,
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Twinpig Biolab Inc. Research & Development Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hyun Jeong, ; Hyunsu Bae,
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Khan SU, Khan MU, Azhar Ud Din M, Khan IM, Khan MI, Bungau S, Hassan SSU. Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages as a unique approach to target tumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166487. [PMID: 37138860 PMCID: PMC10149956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, it has become increasingly clear that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells drive not just carcinogenesis via cancer-related inflammatory processes, but also tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in particular are the most common kind of leucocyte in many malignancies and play a crucial role in establishing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is vital as the primary immune cell subset in the tumor microenvironment (TME).In order to proliferate and spread to new locations, tumors need to be able to hide from the immune system by creating an immune-suppressive environment. Because of the existence of pro-tumoral TAMs, conventional therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy often fail to restrain cancer growth. These cells are also to blame for the failure of innovative immunotherapies premised on immune-checkpoint suppression. Understanding the series of metabolic changes and functional plasticity experienced by TAMs in the complex TME will help to use TAMs as a target for tumor immunotherapy and develop more effective tumor treatment strategies. This review summarizes the latest research on the TAMs functional status, metabolic changes and focuses on the targeted therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan KPK, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Simona Bungau, ; Syed Shams ul Hassan,
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Simona Bungau, ; Syed Shams ul Hassan,
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75
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Nyström H, Jönsson M, Nilbert M, Carneiro A. Immune-cell infiltration in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas; prognostic implications of tumor-associated macrophages and B-cells. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:33-39. [PMID: 36786033 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2172688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue sarcomas are rare, morphologically, and genetically heterogenous. Though the tumors display abundant tumor stroma with infiltrating immune cells, the prognostic impact of various immunologic markers in sarcoma remains poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the immune landscape of a treatment-naïve cohort of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and the trunk wall with correlations to metastasis-free survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS We surveyed immunohistochemical expression patterns for CD163, CD20, CD3, CD8, and FOXP3 in 134 adult high-grade leiomyosarcomas, liposarcomas, and synovial sarcomas. RESULTS Macrophages outnumbered tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. High CD163 infiltration was identified in 49% of the tumors and was overrepresented (66%) in leiomyosarcoma compared to liposarcoma (46%) and synovial sarcoma (9%). Tumor-grade also correlated with CD163 positivity with high expression in 53% of the high-grade lesions and 28% in low-grade tumors. Infiltrating CD3, CD8 and FOXP3-positive T-cells were significantly more prevalent in leiomyosarcomas than in liposarcomas/synovial sarcomas. CD20+ B-cells were identified only in 14% of the STS. Correlation to established prognostic factors revealed a correlation between CD163+ macrophages and necrosis and predicted an increased risk of metastases. No correlation between CD20+ B-cells and known prognostic factors could be established, though CD20+ B-cells infiltration predicted improved overall survival. CONCLUSION We confirm that tumor-infiltrating macrophages outnumber tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in soft tissue sarcoma and signify an increased risk of metastasis. CD20+ B-cells are scarce in STS and correlate to improved survival. To date, immunotherapeutic strategies directed against T-cells have shown limited effect in soft tissue sarcoma. Our observations suggest that immunomodulatory agents focusing on macrophages may be worthwhile for further investigations in this tumor type. Further studies exploring the prognostic and predictive significance of CD20+ B cells are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nyström
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Jönsson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mef Nilbert
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Carneiro
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Polten R, Kutle I, Hachenberg J, Klapdor R, Morgan M, Schambach A. Towards Novel Gene and Cell Therapy Approaches for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010263. [PMID: 36612258 PMCID: PMC9818159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, and the majority of cases are caused by infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes. Despite effective preventative measures, such as vaccinations against HPV, over 300,000 women die world-wide from cervical cancer each year. Once cervical cancer is diagnosed, treatment may consist of radial hysterectomy, or chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or a combination of therapies dependent upon the disease stage. Unfortunately, overall prognosis for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease remains poor. In these cases, immunotherapies may be useful based on promising preclinical work, some of which has been successfully translated to the clinic. For example, approaches using monoclonal antibodies directed against surface proteins important for control of immune checkpoints (i.e., immune checkpoint inhibitors) were shown to improve outcome in many cancer settings, including cervical cancer. Additionally, initial clinical studies showed that application of cytotoxic immune cells modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) for better recognition and elimination of tumor cells may be useful to control cervical cancer. This review explores these important topics, including strengths and limitations of standard and developing approaches, and how some novel treatment strategies may be optimally used to offer the best possible treatment for cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Polten
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivana Kutle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Hachenberg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-511-532-6067 (A.S.)
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-511-532-6067 (A.S.)
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The Interface of Tumour-Associated Macrophages with Dying Cancer Cells in Immuno-Oncology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233890. [PMID: 36497148 PMCID: PMC9741298 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential players in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and modulate various pro-tumorigenic functions such as immunosuppression, angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, along with resistance to anti-cancer therapies. TAMs also mediate important anti-tumour functions and can clear dying cancer cells via efferocytosis. Thus, not surprisingly, TAMs exhibit heterogeneous activities and functional plasticity depending on the type and context of cancer cell death that they are faced with. This ultimately governs both the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic activity of TAMs, making the interface between TAMs and dying cancer cells very important for modulating cancer growth and the efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy or immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the interface of TAMs with cancer cell death from the perspectives of cell death pathways, TME-driven variations, TAM heterogeneity and cell-death-inducing anti-cancer therapies. We believe that a better understanding of how dying cancer cells influence TAMs can lead to improved combinatorial anti-cancer therapies, especially in combination with TAM-targeting immunotherapies.
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78
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Singh A, Mayengbam SS, Yaduvanshi H, Wani MR, Bhat MK. Obesity Programs Macrophages to Support Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4303-4312. [PMID: 36191083 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity induces multifactorial effects such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and arterial hypertension that influence the progression of many diseases. Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of cancers, and multiple mechanisms link obesity with cancer initiation and progression. Macrophages participate in the homeostasis of adipose tissue and play an important role in cancer. Adipose tissue expansion in obesity alters the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages, which is a primary cause of inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation driven by macrophages is also an important characteristic of cancer. Adipocytes secrete various adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, IL6, and TNFα, that influence macrophage behavior and tumor progression. Furthermore, other metabolic effects of obesity, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia, can also regulate macrophage functionality in cancer. This review summarizes how obesity influences macrophage-tumor cell interactions and the role of macrophages in the response to anticancer therapies under obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shyamananda Singh Mayengbam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Himanshi Yaduvanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Semiz HS, Küçük Ü, Kısa E, Keskinkılıç M, Süyün DE, Arayıcı ME, Atağ E, Karaoglu A. CD47 (don't eat me signal) expression levels and its relationship with clinicopathologic features in early-stage prostate carcinoma. Prostate 2022; 82:1564-1571. [PMID: 36031743 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a cancer with poor host immune response and could be defined as a non-T-cell inflamed tumor. Therefore, immunotherapy treatments could not be included in the treatment of prostate cancer until recently. Inadequate antitumoral response is one of the main reasons why tumor cells multiply rapidly and cause lethal results. It was shown that CD47 molecule, which is secreted at high levels by leukemia cells, reduces macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and thus facilitates escape from the antitumoral immune response. The aim of this study was to show don't eat me signaling in prostate carcinoma tissues and its relationship with macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 263 patients with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma after radical prostatectomy between 2015 and 2020 at our institute were included in the study. CD47, CD68, and CD163 expression levels were examined immunohistochemically (IHC) in these tissues. The relationship of these expression levels with unfavorable prognostic factors and survival for prostate carcinoma was investigated. RESULTS In this study, all the operated prostate carcinoma cases had CD47 expression in tumor tissue, but only 52.5% had a high level of expression. Of 263 prostate cancer tissues, 135 (51.3%) showed high expression of CD68 protein and 189 (71.9%) showed high expression of CD163 protein. There was a statistically strong relationship between CD47, CD68, and CD163. CONCLUSIONS The CD47 molecule is basically a molecule that inhibits macrophage activation. CD68 is mostly used for macrophage classification, while CD163 is used for tumor-associated macrophage classification. Unlike others, we IHC examined CD47, CD68, and CD163 expressions in the surgical materials of patients who were operated for prostate carcinoma. In addition, we concluded that strong CD47 expression was closely associated with strong CD68 and CD163 expression in all tumor samples. However, a significant relationship between these expression levels and survival could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin S Semiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Küçük
- Department of Pathology, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Kısa
- Department of Urology, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Keskinkılıç
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilara Ecem Süyün
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Arayıcı
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Atağ
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aziz Karaoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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80
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Inflammation promotes resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in high microsatellite instability colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7316. [PMID: 36443332 PMCID: PMC9705377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common medical complication in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, which plays significant roles in tumor progression and immunosuppression. However, the influence of inflammatory conditions on the tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is incompletely understood. Here we show that in a patient with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) CRC and a local inflammatory condition, the primary tumor progresses but its liver metastasis regresses upon Pembrolizumab treatment. In silico investigation prompted by this observation confirms correlation between inflammatory conditions and poor tumor response to PD-1 blockade in MSI-H CRCs, which is further validated in a cohort of 62 patients retrospectively enrolled to our study. Inhibition of local but not systemic immune response is verified in cultures of paired T cells and organoid cells from patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing suggests involvement of neutrophil leukocytes via CD80/CD86-CTLA4 signaling in the suppressive immune microenvironment. In concordance with this finding, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio indicates inhibited immune status and poor tumor response to ICIs. Receiver operating characteristic curve further demonstrates that both inflammatory conditions and a high NLR could predict a poor response to ICIs in MSI- CRCs, and the predictive value could be further increased when these two predictors are combined. Our study thus suggests that inflammatory conditions in MSI-H CRCs correlate with resistance to ICIs through neutrophil leukocyte associated immunosuppression and proposes both inflammatory conditions and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as clinical features for poor ICI response.
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81
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Targeting the CD47-SIRPα Axis: Present Therapies and the Future for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223591. [PMID: 36429020 PMCID: PMC9688096 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of CD47 on aging cells serves as a signal to macrophages to eliminate the target. Therefore, CD47 is a "do-not-eat-me" sign preventing macrophagal phagocytosis via interaction with its ligand SIRPα. Malignant lymphocytes of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome express CD47 highly, thus, being ideal candidates for targeted anti-CD47 therapies. The classes of current anti-CD47-SIRPα therapeutic molecules present in a large variety and include monoclonal antibodies against CD47 and SIRPα, bioengineered SIRPα proteins, miRNAs, and bispecific antibodies. We provided a detailed analysis of all available investigational drugs in a contest of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A combination of blockade of the CD47-SIRPα axis and secondary targets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve the clinical efficacy of current immunotherapeutic approaches. We evaluated the possible combination and outlined the most promising one.
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82
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Kousar K, Ahmad T, Abduh MS, Kanwal B, Shah SS, Naseer F, Anjum S. miRNAs in Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment, Chemotherapy Resistance, Immunotherapy Modulation and miRNA Therapeutics in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213822. [PMID: 36430305 PMCID: PMC9699074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are 20-22 long nucleotide non-coding ribonucleic acid molecules critical to the modulation of molecular pathways. Immune evasion and the establishment of a suitable tumor microenvironment are two major contributors that support tumor invasion and metastasis. Tumorigenic miRNAs support these two hallmarks by desensitizing important tumor-sensitive regulatory cells such as dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, and T helper cells towards tumors while supporting infiltration and proliferation of immune cells like Treg cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages that promote self-tolerance and chronic inflammation. miRNAs have a significant role in enhancing the efficacies of immunotherapy treatments like checkpoint blockade therapy, adoptive T cell therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy in cancer. A clear understanding of the role of miRNA can help scientists to formulate better-targeted treatment modalities. miRNA therapeutics have emerged as diverse class of nucleic acid-based molecules that can suppress oncogenic miRNAs and promote the expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousain Kousar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Maisa S. Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balquees Kanwal
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saba Shah
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
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Shojaee P, Mornata F, Deutsch A, Locati M, Hatzikirou H. The impact of tumor associated macrophages on tumor biology under the lens of mathematical modelling: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050067. [PMID: 36439180 PMCID: PMC9685623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the role of mathematical modelling to elucidate the impact of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor progression and therapy design. We first outline the biology of TAMs, and its current application in tumor therapies, and their experimental methods that provide insights into tumor cell-macrophage interactions. We then focus on the mechanistic mathematical models describing the role of macrophages as drug carriers, the impact of macrophage polarized activation on tumor growth, and the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) parameters on the tumor-macrophage interactions. This review aims to identify the synergies between biological and mathematical approaches that allow us to translate knowledge on fundamental TAMs biology in addressing current clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Shojaee
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federica Mornata
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Massimo Locati
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Centre (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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84
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Dias AMM, Courteau A, Bellaye PS, Kohli E, Oudot A, Doulain PE, Petitot C, Walker PM, Decréau R, Collin B. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Immunotherapy of Cancers through Macrophages and Magnetic Hyperthermia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2388. [PMID: 36365207 PMCID: PMC9694944 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has tremendous promise, but it has yet to be clinically applied in a wider variety of tumor situations. Many therapeutic combinations are envisaged to improve their effectiveness. In this way, strategies capable of inducing immunogenic cell death (e.g., doxorubicin, radiotherapy, hyperthermia) and the reprogramming of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) (e.g., M2-to-M1-like macrophages repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)) are particularly appealing to enhance the efficacy of approved immunotherapies (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs). Due to their modular construction and versatility, iron oxide-based nanomedicines such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can combine these different approaches in a single agent. SPIONs have already shown their safety and biocompatibility and possess both drug-delivery (e.g., chemotherapy, ICIs) and magnetic capabilities (e.g., magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), magnetic resonance imaging). In this review, we will discuss the multiple applications of SPIONs in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their theranostic properties to target TAMs and to generate MHT. The first section of this review will briefly describe immune targets for NPs. The following sections will deal with the overall properties of SPIONs (including MHT). The last section is dedicated to the SPION-induced immune response through its effects on TAMs and MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M. M. Dias
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Alan Courteau
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- ImViA Laboratory, EA 7535, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Labex LipSTIC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Evelyne Kohli
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Labex LipSTIC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
- University Hospital Centre François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Oudot
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
| | | | - Camille Petitot
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Paul-Michael Walker
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- ImViA Laboratory, EA 7535, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- University Hospital Centre François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Richard Decréau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS/uB 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS/uB 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
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85
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Erbani J, Boon M, Akkari L. Therapy-induced shaping of the glioblastoma microenvironment: Macrophages at play. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:41-56. [PMID: 35569742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The intricate cross-talks between tumor cells and their microenvironment play a key role in cancer progression and resistance to treatment. In recent years, targeting pro-tumorigenic components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a tantalizing strategy to improve the efficacy of standard-of-care (SOC) treatments, particularly for hard-to-treat cancers such as glioblastoma. In this review, we explore how the distinct microenvironmental niches characteristic of the glioblastoma TME shape response to therapy. In particular, we delve into the interplay between tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and glioblastoma cells within angiogenic and hypoxic niches, and interrogate their dynamic co-evolution upon SOC therapies that fuels malignancy. Resolving the complexity of therapy-induced alterations in the glioblastoma TME and their impact on disease relapse is a stepping stone to identify targetable pro-tumorigenic pathways and TAM subsets, and may open the way to efficient combination therapies that will improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erbani
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Boon
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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86
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Filiberti S, Russo M, Lonardi S, Bugatti M, Vermi W, Tournier C, Giurisato E. Self-Renewal of Macrophages: Tumor-Released Factors and Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2709. [PMID: 36359228 PMCID: PMC9687165 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have multiple important functions in cancer. During tumor growth, both tissue-resident macrophages and newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages can give rise to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which have been associated with poor prognosis in most cancers. Compelling evidence indicate that the high degree of plasticity of macrophages and their ability to self-renew majorly impact tumor progression and resistance to therapy. In addition, the microenvironmental factors largely affect the metabolism of macrophages and may have a major influence on TAMs proliferation and subsets functions. Thus, understanding the signaling pathways regulating TAMs self-renewal capacity may help to identify promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. In this review, we focus on the environmental factors that promote the capacity of macrophages to self-renew and the molecular mechanisms that govern TAMs proliferation. We also highlight the impact of tumor-derived factors on macrophages metabolism and how distinct metabolic pathways affect macrophage self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Filiberti
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mariapia Russo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Cathy Tournier
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Cerro PA, Mascaraque M, Gallego-Rentero M, Almenara-Blasco M, Nicolás-Morala J, Santiago JL, González S, Gracia-Cazaña T, Juarranz Á, Gilaberte Y. Tumor microenvironment in non-melanoma skin cancer resistance to photodynamic therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:970279. [PMID: 36338755 PMCID: PMC9634550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.970279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer has recently seen an increase in prevalence, and it is estimated that this grow will continue in the coming years. In this sense, the importance of therapy effectiveness has increased, especially photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy has attracted much attention as a minimally invasive, selective and repeatable approach for skin cancer treatment and prevention. Although its high efficiency, this strategy has also faced problems related to tumor resistance, where the tumor microenvironment has gained a well-deserved role in recent years. Tumor microenvironment denotes a wide variety of elements, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells or the extracellular matrix, where their interaction and the secretion of a wide diversity of cytokines. Therefore, the need of designing new strategies targeting elements of the tumor microenvironment to overcome the observed resistance has become evident. To this end, in this review we focus on the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages in the resistance to photodynamic therapy. We are also exploring new approaches consisting in the combination of new and old drugs targeting these cells with photodynamic therapy to enhance treatment outcomes of non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A. Cerro
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gallego-Rentero
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Almenara-Blasco
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Jimena Nicolás-Morala
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santiago
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Juarranz, ; Yolanda Gilaberte,
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Juarranz, ; Yolanda Gilaberte,
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Liu Z, Xiang Y, Zheng Y, Kang X. Advancing immune checkpoint blockade in colorectal cancer therapy with nanotechnology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027124. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has gained unparalleled success in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, undesired side effects, unsatisfactory response rates, tumor metastasis, and drug resistance still hinder the further application of ICB therapy against CRC. Advancing ICB with nanotechnology can be game-changing. With the development of immuno-oncology and nanomaterials, various nanoplatforms have been fabricated to enhance the efficacy of ICB in CRC treatment. Herein, this review systematically summarizes these recent nano-strategies according to their mechanisms. Despite their diverse and complex designs, these nanoplatforms have four main mechanisms in enhancing ICB: 1) targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to tumor foci, 2) increasing tumor immunogenicity, 3) remodeling tumor microenvironment, and 4) pre-sensitizing immune systems. Importantly, advantages of nanotechnology in CRC, such as innovating the mode-of-actions of ICB, modulating intestinal microbiome, and integrating the whole process of antigen presentation, are highlighted in this review. In general, this review describes the latest applications of nanotechnology for CRC immunotherapy, and may shed light on the future design of ICB platforms.
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Kerneur C, Cano CE, Olive D. Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026954. [PMID: 36325334 PMCID: PMC9618889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant plasticity and change their transcriptional profile and function in response to environmental, tissue, and inflammatory stimuli resulting in pro- and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the categorization of tissue macrophages in inflammatory situations remains difficult; however, there is an agreement that macrophages are predominantly polarized into two different subtypes with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called M1-like and M2-like macrophages, respectively. These two macrophage classes can be considered as the extreme borders of a continuum of many intermediate subsets. On one end, M1 are pro-inflammatory macrophages that initiate an immunological response, damage tissue integrity, and dampen tumor progression by fostering robust T and natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumoral responses. On the other end, M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in tissue remodeling and tumor growth, that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and that participate to immune suppression. These decisive roles in tumor progression occur through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteases, as well as by the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in the case of M2 macrophages. Moreover, macrophage plasticity is supported by stimuli from the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) that are relayed to the nucleus through membrane receptors and signaling pathways that result in gene expression reprogramming in macrophages, thus giving rise to different macrophage polarization outcomes. In this review, we will focus on the main signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization that are activated upon ligand-receptor recognition and in the presence of other immunomodulatory molecules in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Kerneur
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Carla E. Cano
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
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Wen Y, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Yang X, Gao Y, Li M, Yang H, Liu T, Tang H. Chronic inflammation, cancer development and immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040163. [PMID: 36313280 PMCID: PMC9614255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in cancer development. Cancer cells interact with adjacent cellular components (pro-inflammatory cells, intrinsic immune cells, stromal cells, etc.) and non-cellular components to form the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), immune checkpoint factors and other pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by intrinsic immune cells in TME are the main mediators of intercellular communication in TME, which link chronic inflammation to cancer by stimulating different oncogenic signaling pathways and improving immune escape to promote cancer development. In parallel, the ability of monocytes, T regulatory cells (Tregs) and B regulatory cells (Bregs) to perform homeostatic tolerogenic functions is hijacked by cancer cells, leading to local or systemic immunosuppression. Standard treatments for advanced malignancies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved in the last decades. However, clinical outcomes of certain malignant cancers are not satisfactory due to drug resistance and side effects. The clinical application of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has brought hope to cancer treatment, although therapeutic efficacy are still limited due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Emerging evidences reveal that ideal therapies including clearance of tumor cells, disruption of tumor-induced immunosuppression by targeting suppressive TME as well as reactivation of anti-tumor T cells by ICT. Here, we review the impacts of the major pro-inflammatory cells, mediators and their downstream signaling molecules in TME on cancer development. We also discuss the application of targeting important components in the TME in the clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Wen
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caishi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongyan Yang, ; Tongzheng Liu, ; Hui Tang,
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongyan Yang, ; Tongzheng Liu, ; Hui Tang,
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People’s Hospital), Heyuan, China,*Correspondence: Hongyan Yang, ; Tongzheng Liu, ; Hui Tang,
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91
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Monnier M, Paolini L, Vinatier E, Mantovani A, Delneste Y, Jeannin P. Antitumor strategies targeting macrophages: the importance of considering the differences in differentiation/polarization processes between human and mouse macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005560. [PMID: 36270732 PMCID: PMC9594518 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the immune cells that accumulate the most in the majority of established tumors and this accumulation is associated with a poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) produce inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that promote tumor expansion and metastasis. TAMs have recently emerged as targets of choice to restore an efficient antitumor response and to limit tumor growth. Many molecules targeting TAMs are actually evaluated in clinical trials, alone or in combination. While these molecules induce tumor regression and stimulate cytotoxic responses in mouse models of tumor development, results from early clinical trials are less impressive. In this review, we list the biological differences between human and mouse macrophages that help explain the different efficacy of antitumor strategies targeting TAMs between human and animal studies. Differences in the impact of survival and polarization factors and in the cytokines produced and markers expressed as well as the limitations of extrapolations based on in vitro models of TAM-like generation should be considered in order to improve the design and efficacy of antitumor drugs targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Monnier
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, LabEx IGO, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Léa Paolini
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, LabEx IGO, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Emeline Vinatier
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, LabEx IGO, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Immunology and Allergology laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yves Delneste
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, LabEx IGO, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Immunology and Allergology laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, LabEx IGO, Angers, France .,Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Immunology and Allergology laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
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92
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Tanaka M, Ito A, Shiozawa S, Hara-Chikuma M. Anti-tumor effect of aquaporin 3 monoclonal antibody on syngeneic mouse tumor model. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101498. [PMID: 35932594 PMCID: PMC9358462 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-AQP3 mAb suppressed tumor growth in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Administration of anti-AQP3 mAb to mice bearing carcinoma increased the M1/M2 ratio of TAMs. Administration of anti-AQP3 mAb improved the mitochondrial function of T cells in the TME. Anti-AQP3 mAb reduced carcinoma-mediated polarization of monocytes into M2-like TAMs.
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a water channel protein, has been found to be involved in cancer progression via water and small molecule transport function. However, drug development targeting AQP3 has not yet begun. Here, we showed that a recently established anti-AQP3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) suppresses tumor growth in allograft mouse colorectal tumor models produced using CT26 or MC38 cancer cells. Administration of the anti-AQP3 mAb to BALB/c mice with transplanted CT26 cells increased the M1/M2 ratio of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and improved the mitochondrial function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Administration of anti-AQP3 mAb also restored the TAM-induced decrease in T cell proliferation. Macrophage depletion in wild-type mice counteracted the antitumor effect of anti-AQP3 mAb in the mouse tumor model, suggesting that one of the primary targets of anti-AQP3 mAb is macrophages. In in vitro studies using mice bone marrow monocytes and human monocyte THP-1 cells, anti-AQP3 mAb attenuated carcinoma cell-mediated polarization of monocytes into M2-like TAMs. These data suggest that anti-AQP3 mAb suppresses tumor growth by attenuating immunosuppressive M2-like TAMs, which in turn maintains the antitumor function of T cells in the TME. Thus, the anti-AQP3 mAb is a potential cancer therapy that functions by targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Anmi Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Shiozawa
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University,160-8582, Japan; Institute of Animal Experimentation, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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93
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Targeting tumour-reprogrammed myeloid cells: the new battleground in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 45:163-186. [PMID: 36161514 PMCID: PMC9513014 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment is a complex ecosystem in which myeloid cells are the most abundant immune elements. This cell compartment is composed by different cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes but also unexpected cell populations with immunosuppressive and pro-tumour roles. Indeed, the release of tumour-derived factors influences physiological haematopoiesis producing unconventional cells with immunosuppressive and tolerogenic functions such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These pro-tumour myeloid cell populations not only support immune escape directly but also assist tumour invasion trough non-immunological activities. It is therefore not surprising that these cell subsets considerably impact in tumour progression and cancer therapy resistance, including immunotherapy, and are being investigated as potential targets for developing a new era of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss emerging strategies able to modulate the functional activity of these tumour-supporting myeloid cells subverting their accumulation, recruitment, survival, and functions. These innovative approaches will help develop innovative, or improve existing, cancer treatments.
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94
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Helmin-Basa A, Gackowska L, Balcerowska S, Ornawka M, Naruszewicz N, Wiese-Szadkowska M. The application of the natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in treating various types of cancer. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the surveillance and clearance of tumor. Intensive research has exposed the mechanisms of recognition and elimination of tumor cells by these immune cells as well as how cancers evade immune response. Hence, harnessing the immune cells has proven to be an effective therapy in treating a variety of cancers. Strategies aimed to harness and augment effector function of these cells for cancer therapy have been the subject of intense researches over the decades. Different immunotherapeutic possibilities are currently being investigated for anti-tumor activity. Pharmacological agents known to influence immune cell migration and function include therapeutic antibodies, modified antibody molecules, toll-like receptor agonists, nucleic acids, chemokine inhibitors, fusion proteins, immunomodulatory drugs, vaccines, adoptive cell transfer and oncolytic virus–based therapy. In this review, we will focus on the preclinical and clinical applications of NK cell, macrophage and DC immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helmin-Basa
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Sara Balcerowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Marcelina Ornawka
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Natalia Naruszewicz
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wiese-Szadkowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
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95
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LOX and Its Methylation Impact Prognosis of Diseases and Correlate with TAM Infiltration in ESCA. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5111237. [PMID: 36090891 PMCID: PMC9452977 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background ESCA is one of the digestive tract tumors with a high fatality. It is implicated in an intricate gene regulation process, but the pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Methods The study used the packages of Limma from R software to analyze DEGs of ESCA in the GEO database and TCGA database. We employed the DAVID website for enrichment analysis, and the string database constructed the PPI network. Hub genes were identified from ESCA DEGs with Cytoscape MCODE. We evaluated the clinical relevance of LOX expression and its DNA methylation in the cBioPortal database and explored the roles of LOX in ESCA immunity, especially immune cell infiltration levels and immune checkpoint expression, by immunedeconv package of R software. Conclusions The overexpression of LOX in ESCA is regulated by DNA hypomethylation; LOX overexpression or LOX hypomethylation can predict a worse prognosis in patients with ESCA. Besides, LOX may be involved in TIME regulation, promoting the infiltration levels and function of TAM. Hence, high LOX expression affected by DNA hypomethylation has an essential role in patients with ESCA, which may become an effective prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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96
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Majc B, Novak M, Lah TT, Križaj I. Bioactive peptides from venoms against glioma progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965882. [PMID: 36119523 PMCID: PMC9476555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Venoms are complex mixtures of different molecules and ions. Among them, bioactive peptides have been found to affect cancer hallmarks, such as cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell migration, and can also modulate the immune response of normal and cancer-bearing organisms. In this article, we review the mechanisms of action on these cancer cell features, focusing on bioactive peptides being developed as potential therapeutics for one of the most aggressive and deadly brain tumors, glioblastoma (GB). Novel therapeutic approaches applying bioactive peptides may contribute to multiple targeting of GB and particularly of GB stem cells. Bioactive peptides selectively target cancer cells without harming normal cells. Various molecular targets related to the effects of bioactive peptides on GB have been proposed, including ion channels, integrins, membrane phospholipids and even immunomodulatory treatment of GB. In addition to therapy, some bioactive peptides, such as disintegrins, can also be used for diagnostics or are used as labels for cytotoxic drugs to specifically target cancer cells. Given the limitations described in the last section, successful application in cancer therapy is rather low, as only 3.4% of such peptides have been included in clinical trials and have passed successfully phases I to III. Combined approaches of added bioactive peptides to standard cancer therapies need to be explored using advanced GB in vitro models such as organoids. On the other hand, new methods are also being developed to improve translation from research to practice and provide new hope for GB patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Bernarda Majc, ; Igor Križaj,
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara T. Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Bernarda Majc, ; Igor Križaj,
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97
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Zhou Q, Fang T, Wei S, Chai S, Yang H, Tao M, Cao Y. Macrophages in melanoma: A double‑edged sword and targeted therapy strategies (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:640. [PMID: 36160877 PMCID: PMC9468802 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, which evolves from melanocytes, is the most malignant skin cancer and is highly fatal, although it only accounts for 4% of all skin cancers. Numerous studies have demonstrated that melanoma has a large tumor mutational burden, which means that melanoma has great potential to achieve immune evasion. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of both the immune system and tumor microenvironment. Several studies have demonstrated their double-edged sword effects on melanoma. The present review focuses on the role of TAMs in melanoma development, including regulation of proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemical resistance of melanoma. Furthermore, the existing mechanisms of action of the TAM-targeting treatments for melanoma are reviewed. More broadly, the weak points of existing research and the direction of future research are finally identified and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujun Zhou
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shenyu Wei
- Department of Hepato‑Pancreato‑Biliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Chai
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Yang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Maocan Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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98
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Qian H, Fu Y, Guo M, Chen Y, Zhang D, Wei Y, Jin F, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Chai C, Ding S, Cheng W, Chen T. Dual-aptamer-engineered M1 macrophage with enhanced specific targeting and checkpoint blocking for solid-tumor immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2817-2827. [PMID: 35450820 PMCID: PMC9372320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has faced a series of challenges and has shown very little efficacy in solid tumors to date. Although genetically engineered macrophages have achieved definite therapeutic effect in solid tumors, heterogeneous expression of engineered proteins and the potential for toxicity limit further applications. Herein, we propose a nongenetic and simple macrophage cell engineering strategy through glycan metabolic labeling and click reaction for the treatment of solid tumors. The aptamer-engineered M1 macrophage (ApEn-M1) showed enhanced active targeting ability for tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in significant cytotoxicity effects. Moreover, ApEn-M1 exhibited superior antitumor efficacy in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model and a lung metastasis mouse model of breast cancer. Interestingly, the ApEn-M1 could reprogram the immunity microenvironment by increasing T cell infiltration and enhancing T cell activity in the tumor region. Additionally, the administration of ApEn-M1 showed no obvious systemic side effects. With glycan metabolic labeling, the macrophages could be efficiently labeled with aptamers on the cell surface via click reaction without genetic alteration or cell damage. Hence, this study serves as a proof of concept for cell-surface anchor engineering and expands the range of nongenetic macrophage cell engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Minkang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
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In vitro 2D and 3D cancer models to evaluate compounds that modulate macrophage polarization. Cell Immunol 2022; 378:104574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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100
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Meraviglia-Crivelli D, Zheleva A, Barainka M, Moreno B, Villanueva H, Pastor F. Therapeutic Strategies to Enhance Tumor Antigenicity: Making the Tumor Detectable by the Immune System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081842. [PMID: 36009389 PMCID: PMC9405394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the oncology field, but many patients still do not respond to current immunotherapy approaches. One of the main challenges in broadening the range of responses to this type of treatment is the limited source of tumor neoantigens. T cells constitute a main line of defense against cancer, and the decisive step to trigger their activation is mediated by antigen recognition. Antigens allow the immune system to differentiate between self and foreign, which constitutes a critical step in recognition of cancer cells and the consequent development or control of the malignancy. One of the keystones to achieving a successful antitumor response is the presence of potent tumor antigens, known as neoantigens. However, tumors develop strategies to evade the immune system and resist current immunotherapies, and many tumors present a low tumor mutation burden limiting the presence of tumor antigenicity. Therefore, new approaches must be taken into consideration to overcome these shortcomings. The possibility of making tumors more antigenic represents a promising front to further improve the success of immunotherapy in cancer. Throughout this review, we explored different state-of-the-art tools to induce the presentation of new tumor antigens by intervening at protein, mRNA or genomic levels in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angelina Zheleva
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martin Barainka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Helena Villanueva
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Fernando Pastor
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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