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Bermudez Sanchez S, Pilla R, Sarawichitr B, Gramenzi A, Marsilio F, Steiner JM, Lidbury JA, Woods GRT, German AJ, Suchodolski JS. Fecal microbiota in client-owned obese dogs changes after weight loss with a high-fiber-high-protein diet. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9706. [PMID: 33083100 PMCID: PMC7543742 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fecal microbiota from obese individuals can induce obesity in animal models. In addition, studies in humans, animal models and dogs have revealed that the fecal microbiota of subjects with obesity is different from that of lean subjects and changes after weight loss. However, the impact of weight loss on the fecal microbiota in dogs with obesity has not been fully characterized. Methods In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiota of 20 pet dogs with obesity that underwent a weight loss program. The endpoint of the weight loss program was individually tailored to the ideal body weight of each dog. In addition, we evaluated the qPCR based Dysbiosis Index before and after weight loss. Results After weight loss, the fecal microbiota structure of dogs with obesity changed significantly (weightedANOSIM; p = 0.016, R = 0.073), showing an increase in bacterial richness (p = 0.007), evenness (p = 0.007) and the number of bacterial species (p = 0.007). The fecal microbiota composition of obese dogs after weight loss was characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes (92.3% to 78.2%, q = 0.001), and increase in Bacteroidetes (1.4% to 10.1%, q = 0.002) and Fusobacteria (1.6% to 6.2%, q = 0.040). The qPCR results revealed an overall decrease in the Dysbiosis Index, driven mostly due to a significant decrease in E. coli (p = 0.030), and increase in Fusobacterium spp. (p = 0.017). Conclusion The changes observed in the fecal microbiota of dogs with obesity after weight loss with a weight loss diet rich in fiber and protein were in agreement with previous studies in humans, that reported an increase of bacterial biodiversity and a decrease of the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bermudez Sanchez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Sarawichitr
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Georgiana R T Woods
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J German
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Neston, United Kingdom.,School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Kleinstein S, Nelson K, Freire M. Inflammatory Networks Linking Oral Microbiome with Systemic Health and Disease. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1131-1139. [PMID: 32459164 PMCID: PMC7443998 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520926126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dance between microbes and the immune system takes place in all biological systems, including the human body, but this interaction is especially complex in the primary gateway to the body: the oral cavity. Recent advances in technology have enabled deep sequencing and analysis of members and signals of these communities. In a healthy state, the oral microbiome is composed of commensals, and their genes and phenotypes may be selected by the immune system to survive in symbiosis. These highly regulated signals are modulated by a network of microbial and host metabolites. However, in a diseased state, host-microbial networks lead to dysbiosis and considerable burden to the host prior to systemic impact that extends beyond the oral compartment. Interestingly, we presented data demonstrating similarities between human and mice immune dysbiosis and discussed how this affects the host response to similar pathobionts. The host and microbial signatures of a number of disease states are currently being examined to identify potential correlations. How the oral microbiome interacts with inflammation and the immune system to cause disease remains an area of active research. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding the role of oral microbiota in mediating inflammation and altering systemic health and disease. In line with these findings, it is possible that existing conditions may be resolved by targeting specific immune-microbial markers in a positive way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.E. Nelson
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M. Freire
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Pilla R, Gaschen FP, Barr JW, Olson E, Honneffer J, Guard BC, Blake AB, Villanueva D, Khattab MR, AlShawaqfeh MK, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS. Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1853-1866. [PMID: 32856349 PMCID: PMC7517498 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metronidazole has a substantial impact on the gut microbiome. However, the recovery of the microbiome after discontinuation of administration, and the metabolic consequences of such alterations have not been investigated to date. Objectives To describe the impact of 14‐day metronidazole administration, alone or in combination with a hydrolyzed protein diet, on fecal microbiome, metabolome, bile acids (BAs), and lactate production, and on serum metabolome in healthy dogs. Animals Twenty‐four healthy pet dogs. Methods Prospective, nonrandomized controlled study. Dogs fed various commercial diets were divided in 3 groups: control group (no intervention, G1); group receiving hydrolyzed protein diet, followed by metronidazole administration (G2); and group receiving metronidazole only (G3). Microbiome composition was evaluated with sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)‐based dysbiosis index. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of fecal and serum samples was performed, followed by targeted assays for fecal BAs and lactate. Results No changes were observed in G1, or G2 during diet change. Metronidazole significantly changed microbiome composition in G2 and G3, including decreases in richness (P < .001) and in key bacteria such as Fusobacteria (q < 0.001) that did not fully resolve 4 weeks after metronidazole discontinuation. Fecal dysbiosis index was significantly increased (P < .001). Those changes were accompanied by increased fecal total lactate (P < .001), and decreased secondary BAs deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid (P < .001). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Our results indicate a minimum 4‐week effect of metronidazole on fecal microbiome and metabolome, supporting a cautious approach to prescription of metronidazole in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Frederic P Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - James W Barr
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Erin Olson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Julia Honneffer
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Blake C Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda B Blake
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Dean Villanueva
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad R Khattab
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mustafa K AlShawaqfeh
- School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German-Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Ke J, Liu XH, Jiang XF, He Z, Xiao J, Zheng B, Chen YF, Cai ZR, Zheng XB, Zou YF, Lan P, Wu XJ, Gao F. Immune-related gene signature in predicting prognosis of early-stage colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:e62-e70. [PMID: 32863096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Immune-related genes are associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an immune-related gene signature (IRGS) in predicting the prognosis of early-stage CRC patients. METHODS In total, 309 CRC patients were selected for the identification of prognostic IRGS using the CIT/GSE39582 microarray dataset. Five independent datasets including 1587 CRC patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 566) and two validation cohorts (n = 624 in validation-1 and n = 397 in meta-validation). Prognostic analyses were performed to test the predictive value of IRGS. RESULTS A prognostic IRGS that included 23 immune-related genes was constructed and significantly stratified patients into immune low-vs. high-risk groups in terms of disease-free survival using patients with early-stage disease (I or II) in the training cohort. Similarly, a higher IRGS was correlated with significantly worse prognosis of early-stage patients in validation-1 and meta-validation cohorts. Compared with Oncotype DX colon, we found that IRGS exhibited an improved survival correlation in the training cohort. After integration with clinical characteristics, IRGS remained as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, IRGS-stratified immune low-risk group patients gained less benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in the validation-1 cohort. Several biological processes, including inflammatory response, were enriched among genes in identified the immune high-risk group. Consistent with this finding, the IRGS-identified immune high-risk group exhibited significantly increased immune and stromal cell infiltration. CONCLUSION The proposed prognostic IRGS is a promising system for estimating DFS of colorectal cancer patients, especially those with early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Rong Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Deng Q, Wang C, Yu K, Wang Y, Yang Q, Zhang J, Xu X. Streptococcus bovis Contributes to the Development of Colorectal Cancer via Recruiting CD11b⁺TLR-4⁺ Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921886. [PMID: 32737964 PMCID: PMC7418781 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Streptococcus bovis and its concomitant inflammatory factors concentrate in the intestine in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism of S. bovis on colorectal tumorigenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of S. bovis in carcinogenesis and its potential mechanism in CRC of mice orally pretreated with S. bovis. Material/Methods The colons of experimental mice were collected and evaluated for the extent of neoplasm. In addition, comparative feces DNA sequencing was adopted to verify the abundance change of S. bovis during the progression of CRC in patients. Results The results of this study found that S. bovis is more likely to be present at higher levels in patients with progressive colorectal carcinoma compared to those adenoma patients and healthy volunteers (P<0.05). Pretreatment with S. bovis aggravated tumor formation in mice, resulting in more substantial and a higher number of tumor nodes (P<0.05). A cytokine expression pattern with increased levels of IL-6, Scyb1, Ptgs2, IL-1β, TNF, and Ccl2 was detected in S. bovis pretreated CRC mice (all P<0.05). Furthermore, S. bovis recruited myeloid cells, especially CD11b+TLR-4+ cells, which could promote pro-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment (P<0.05). Conclusions Collectively, our study indicates that S. bovis may induce a suppressive immunity that is conducive to CRC by recruiting tumor-infiltrating CD11b+TLR-4+ cells. In conclusion, S. bovis contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis via recruiting CD11b+TLR-4+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Changjian Wang
- Department of Anorectum, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Kailin Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qinyan Yang
- Department of Anorectum, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Mahalak KK, Firrman J, Lee JJ, Bittinger K, Nuñez A, Mattei LM, Zhang H, Fett B, Bobokalonov J, Arango-Argoty G, Zhang L, Zhang G, Liu LS. Triclosan has a robust, yet reversible impact on human gut microbial composition in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234046. [PMID: 32585680 PMCID: PMC7316517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent ban of the antimicrobial compound triclosan from use in consumer soaps followed research that showcased the risk it poses to the environment and to human health. Triclosan has been found in human plasma, urine and milk, demonstrating that it is present in human tissues. Previous work has also demonstrated that consumption of triclosan disrupts the gut microbial community of mice and zebrafish. Due to the widespread use of triclosan and ubiquity in the environment, it is imperative to understand the impact this chemical has on the human body and its symbiotic resident microbes. To that end, this study is the first to explore how triclosan impacts the human gut microbial community in vitro both during and after treatment. Through our in vitro system simulating three regions of the human gut; the ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon regions, we found that treatment with triclosan significantly impacted the community structure in terms of reduced population, diversity, and metabolite production, most notably in the ascending colon region. Given a 2 week recovery period, most of the population levels, community structure, and diversity levels were recovered for all colon regions. Our results demonstrate that the human gut microbial community diversity and population size is significantly impacted by triclosan at a high dose in vitro, and that the community is recoverable within this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karley K. Mahalak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jenni Firrman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alberto Nuñez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Mattei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Huanjia Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bryton Fett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jamshed Bobokalonov
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Arango-Argoty
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lin Shu Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Elsalem L, Jum'ah AA, Alfaqih MA, Aloudat O. The Bacterial Microbiota of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Role in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:151-185. [PMID: 32440192 PMCID: PMC7211962 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s243337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has an essential role in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. This effect is mediated through different mechanisms such as damaging DNA, activation of oncogenic pathways, production of carcinogenic metabolites, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and inhibition of antitumor immunity. Recently, the concept of "pharmacomicrobiomics" has emerged as a new field concerned with exploring the interplay between drugs and microbes. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota and their metabolites have a major impact on the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic responses toward anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics. In addition, microbiota appears as an attractive target for cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of different cancer types affecting the gastrointestinal tract system. We also scrutinize the evidence regarding the role of microbiota in anticancer drug responses. Further, we discuss the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Jum'ah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Aloudat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Lamichhane P, Maiolini M, Alnafoosi O, Hussein S, Alnafoosi H, Umbela S, Richardson T, Alla N, Lamichhane N, Subhadra B, Deshmukh RR. Colorectal Cancer and Probiotics: Are Bugs Really Drugs? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051162. [PMID: 32380712 PMCID: PMC7281248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There are many factors that predispose a patient to the disease such as age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle. There are different genetic factors and diseases that also increase a person’s risk for developing CRC. Studies have found associations between gut microbiome and the risk for developing versus protection against CRC. Normal gut microbiome aid in daily functions of the human body such as absorption, metabolism, detoxification, and regulation of inflammation. While some species of bacteria prevent CRC development and aid in therapeutic responses to various treatment regiments, other species seem to promote CRC pathogenesis. In this regard, many studies have been conducted to not only understand the biology behind these opposing different bacterial species; but also to determine if supplementation of these tumor opposing bacterial species as probiotics lends toward decreased risk of CRC development and improved therapeutic responses in patients with CRC. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the basics on colorectal cancer (epidemiology, risk factors, targets, treatments), discuss associations between different bacterial strains and CRC, and discuss probiotics and their roles in CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan Maiolini
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Omar Alnafoosi
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Sedra Hussein
- Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Hasan Alnafoosi
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Stewart Umbela
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Tayanna Richardson
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Nevien Alla
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Narottam Lamichhane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bobban Subhadra
- BIOM Pharmaceuticals, 2203 Industrial Blvd, Sarasota, FL 34234, USA;
| | - Rahul R. Deshmukh
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Han S, Wu W, Da M, Xu J, Zhuang J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang X. Adequate Lymph Node Assessments and Investigation of Gut Microorganisms and Microbial Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1893-1906. [PMID: 32184624 PMCID: PMC7061441 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the lymph node metastasis status and prognosis in CRCs and to investigate the gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites at different lymph node stages. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and STAT software were used to analyze the clinical features and lymph node metastasis. Bacterial 16S V3-V4 and fungal ITS V3-V4 ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced in 53 stool samples and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GS/MS) was performed to detect the microbial metabolites in 48 stool samples from CRC patients. Results A higher number of lymph node metastases predicted a poor prognosis. Inadequate evaluation of lymph nodes affects the accuracy of prognostic assessments. We constructed a nomogram model for the assessment of prognostic factors. There were multiple characteristic bacteria identified, including Akkermansia, Megamonas, Dialister, etc., and fungi, including Penicillium, Filobasidium, Debaryomyces, etc. A total of 27 characteristic microbial metabolites in different lymph node metastasis status were also identified. Conclusion Gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites may provide reference and guidance for the adequate lymph node assessments (ALNA) in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Han
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Da
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Longqi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Examination, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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60
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The Obesity-Related Gut Bacterial and Viral Dysbiosis Can Impact the Risk of Colon Cancer Development. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030431. [PMID: 32204328 PMCID: PMC7143985 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An incorrect food regimen from childhood is suggested to negatively impact the gut microbiome composition leading to obesity and perhaps to colon rectal cancer (CRC) in adults. In this study, we show that the obesity and cancer gut microbiota share a characteristic microbial profile with a high colonization by mucin degraders species, such as Hafnia alvei and Akkermansia muciniphila. In addition, the species Clostridiumbolteae, a bacterium associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, has been associated with the presence of oncogenic Human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs). Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) and BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) were the most frequently oncogenic viruses recovered in the gut of both obese and tumor patients. Considering the high seroprevalence of HPyVs in childhood, their association with specific bacterial species deserve to be further investigated. Data from the present study highlight the presence of a similar microbiome pattern in CRC and obese subjects, suggesting that obese microbiome may represent an opportunity for tumorigenic/driver bacteria and viruses to trigger cell transformation.
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61
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The effect of deacetylation degree of konjac glucomannan on microbial metabolites and gut microbiota in vitro fermentation. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Gao J, Azad MAK, Han H, Wan D, Li T. Impact of Prebiotics on Enteric Diseases and Oxidative Stress. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2630-2641. [PMID: 32066357 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200211121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In animals, the gastrointestinal microbiota are reported to play a major role in digestion, nutrient absorption and the release of energy through metabolism of food. Therefore, microbiota may be a factor for association between diet and enteric diseases and oxidative stress. The gut microbial composition and concentration are affected by diet throughout the life of an animal, and respond rapidly and efficiently to dietary alterations, in particular to the use of prebiotics. Prebiotics, which play an important role in mammalian nutrition, are defined as dietary ingredients that lead to specific changes in both the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota through suppressing the proliferation of pathogens and by modifying the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the host intestine. A review of the evidence suggests possible beneficial effects of prebiotics on host intestinal health, including immune stimulation, gut barrier enhancement and the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota, and these effects appear to be dependent on alteration of the bacterial composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The production of SCFAs depends on the microbes available in the gut and the type of prebiotics available. The SCFAs most abundantly generated by gastrointestinal microbiota are acetate, butyrate and propionate, which are reported to have physiological effects on the health of the host. Nowadays, prebiotics are widely used in a range of food products to improve the intestinal microbiome and stimulate significant changes to the immune system. Thus, a diet with prebiotic supplements may help prevent enteric disease and oxidative stress by promoting a microbiome associated with better growth performance. This paper provides an overview of the hypothesis that a combination of ingestible prebiotics, chitosan, fructooligosaccharides and inulin will help relieve the dysbiosis of the gut and the oxidative stress of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md A K Azad
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Han
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - TieJun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mahnic A, Breskvar M, Dzeroski S, Skok P, Pintar S, Rupnik M. Distinct Types of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Hospitalized Gastroenterological Patients Are Disease Non-related and Characterized With the Predominance of Either Enterobacteriaceae or Enterococcus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:120. [PMID: 32117143 PMCID: PMC7026674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical disease-associated microbiota changes are widely studied as potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Our aim was to analyze a hospitalized cohort including various gastroenterological pathologies in order to fine-map the gut microbiota dysbiosis. Bacterial (V3 V4) and fungal (ITS2) communities were determined in 121 hospitalized gastrointestinal patients from a single ward and compared to 162 healthy controls. Random Forest models implemented in this study indicated that the gut community structure is in most cases not sufficient to differentiate the subjects based on their underlying disease. Instead, hospitalized patients in our study formed three distinct disease non-related clusters (C1, C2, and C3), partially explained by antibiotic use. Majority of the subjects (cluster C1) closely resembled healthy controls, showing only mild signs of community disruption; most significantly decreased in this cluster were Faecalibacterium and Roseburia. The remaining two clusters (C2 and C3) were characterized by severe signs of dysbiosis; cluster C2 was associated with an increase in Enterobacteriaceae and cluster C3 by an increase in Enterococcus. According to the cluster affiliation, subjects also showed different degrees of inflammation, most prominent was the positive correlation between levels of C-reactive protein and the abundance of Enterococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Mahnic
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Department for Microbiological Research, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Martin Breskvar
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saso Dzeroski
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pavel Skok
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Spela Pintar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Rupnik
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Department for Microbiological Research, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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64
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Xi Y, Yuefen P, Wei W, Quan Q, Jing Z, Jiamin X, Shuwen H. Analysis of prognosis, genome, microbiome, and microbial metabolome in different sites of colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:353. [PMID: 31665031 PMCID: PMC6819376 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The colorectum includes ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Different sites of colorectal cancer (CRC) are different in many aspects, including clinical symptoms, biological behaviour, and prognosis. PURPOSE This study aimed to analyse prognosis, genes, bacteria, fungi, and microbial metabolome in different sites of CRC. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and STAT were used to statistically describe and analyse the prognosis in different sites of CRC. RNA sequences of CRC from Broad Institute's GDAC Firehose were re-annotated and reanalysed based on different sites using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyse the prognosis and Cytoscape was used to construct a drug-target network based on DGIdb databases. Bacterial 16S V3-V4 and fungal ITS V3-V4 ribosomal RNA genes of stool samples were sequenced. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GS/MS) was performed to detect the microbial metabolites in stool samples. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare distinct gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites between rectal and sigmoid cancers. RESULTS The prognosis in CRC with different sites is significantly different. The closer to the anus predicted longer survival time. The difference between genes and co-expression pairs in CRC with different sites were constructed. The relative abundance of 112 mRNAs and 26 lncRNAs correlated with the sites of CRC were listed. Nine differentially expressed genes at different sites of CRC were correlated with prognosis. A drug-gene interaction network contained 227 drug-gene pairs were built. The relative abundance of gut bacteria and gut fungus, and the content of microbe-related metabolites were statistically different between rectal and sigmoid cancers. CONCLUSIONS There are many differences in prognosis, genome, drug targets, gut microbiome, and microbial metabolome in different colorectal cancer sites. These findings may improve our understanding of the role of the CRC sites in personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xi
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Rd, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yuefen
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Rd, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Rd, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Quan
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Rd, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, No. 1 Bachelor Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Jiamin
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, No. 1 Bachelor Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Shuwen
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, 198 Hongqi Rd, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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65
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Fernandez AJ, Daniel EJP, Mahajan SP, Gray JJ, Gerken TA, Tabak LA, Samara NL. The structure of the colorectal cancer-associated enzyme GalNAc-T12 reveals how nonconserved residues dictate its function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20404-20410. [PMID: 31548401 PMCID: PMC6789641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902211116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiate mucin type O-glycosylation by catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to Ser or Thr on a protein substrate. Inactive and partially active variants of the isoenzyme GalNAc-T12 are present in subsets of patients with colorectal cancer, and several of these variants alter nonconserved residues with unknown functions. While previous biochemical studies have demonstrated that GalNAc-T12 selects for peptide and glycopeptide substrates through unique interactions with its catalytic and lectin domains, the molecular basis for this distinct substrate selectivity remains elusive. Here we examine the molecular basis of the activity and substrate selectivity of GalNAc-T12. The X-ray crystal structure of GalNAc-T12 in complex with a di-glycosylated peptide substrate reveals how a nonconserved GalNAc binding pocket in the GalNAc-T12 catalytic domain dictates its unique substrate selectivity. In addition, the structure provides insight into how colorectal cancer mutations disrupt the activity of GalNAc-T12 and illustrates how the rules dictating GalNAc-T12 function are distinct from those for other GalNAc-Ts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Fernandez
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Sai Pooja Mahajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nadine L Samara
- Structural Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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Kunzmann AT, Proença MA, Jordao HW, Jiraskova K, Schneiderova M, Levy M, Liska V, Buchler T, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Silva AE, Vodicka P, Hughes DJ. Fusobacterium nucleatum tumor DNA levels are associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1891-1899. [PMID: 31367996 PMCID: PMC6778531 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence indicating a role for Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and prognosis. This study evaluated F. nucleatum as a prognostic biomarker, by assessing its association with post-diagnosis survival from CRC. From September 2008 to April 2012 CRC patients (n = 190) were recruited from three hospitals within the Czech Republic. F. nucleatum DNA copies were measured in adjacent non-malignant and colorectal tumor tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Cox Proportional Hazards (HR) models were applied to evaluate the association between F. nucleatum DNA and overall survival, adjusting for key confounders. Risk prediction modeling was conducted to evaluate the ability to predict survival based on F. nucleatum status. High, compared with low, levels of F. nucleatum in colorectal tumor tissues were associated with poorer overall survival (adjusted HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02–2.77), which was slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for microsatellite instability status. However, inclusion of F. nucleatum in risk prediction models did not improve the ability to identify patients who died beyond known prognostic factors such as disease pathology staging. Although the increased presence of F. nucleatum was associated with poorer prognosis in CRC patients, this may have limited clinical relevance as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | | | - Haydee Wt Jordao
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Schneiderova
- Department of Surgery, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Levy
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liska
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Elizabete Silva
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
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Herrera S, Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S. HIV, Cancer, and the Microbiota: Common Pathways Influencing Different Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1466. [PMID: 31316514 PMCID: PMC6610485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection exerts profound and perhaps irreversible damage to the gut mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, resulting in long-lasting changes in the signals required for the coordination of commensal colonization and in perturbations at the compositional and functional level of the gut microbiota. These abnormalities in gut microbial communities appear to affect clinical outcomes, including T-cell recovery, vaccine responses, HIV transmission, cardiovascular disease, and cancer pathogenesis. For example, the microbial signature associated with HIV infection has been shown to induce tryptophan catabolism, affect the butyrate synthesis pathway, impair anti-tumoral immunity and affect oxidative stress, which have also been linked to the pathogenesis of cancer. Furthermore, some of the taxa that are depleted in subjects with HIV have proved to modulate the anti-tumor efficacy of various chemotherapies and immunotherapeutic agents. The aim of this work is to provide a broad overview of recent advances in our knowledge of how HIV might affect the microbiota, with a focus on the pathways shared with cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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68
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Guo S, Lu Y, Xu B, Wang W, Xu J, Zhang G. A Simple Fecal Bacterial Marker Panel for the Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1306. [PMID: 31244813 PMCID: PMC6581672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). We evaluated fecal and sera microbial markers for clinical use in detecting CD. Methods: Fecal samples from 346 Asian subjects were collected, including 95 patients with CD, 81 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 65 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 105 healthy subjects (HS). Microbial indicators Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fp), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were identified based on a review of the literature. The relative abundance of the three bacterial markers were measured by qPCR, and two serological microbial markers (anti-Fn, anti-E. coli) were measured by ELISA. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of these microbial markers by ROC curve analysis. Results: The quantification of Fp, Fn, and E. coli of fecal samples is relatively stable when stored up to 6 h at room temperature. The significant increasing abundances of Fn were accompanied by a decline of Fp in the CD group. Fn exhibited a slightly higher diagnostic value than Fp in distinguishing CD from HS (Area Under Curve, AUC = 0.841 vs. 0.811) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) groups (AUC = 0.767 vs. 0.658), and the further combination of Fn and Fp improved the diagnostic value (HS, AUC = 0.867; IBS, AUC = 0.771). However, anti-E. coli and anti-Fn antibodies in serum did not possess diagnostic value for CD or UC. Conclusion: A combination of fecal Fn and Fp was identified as a valuable marker for CD diagnosis. A CD bacterial marker panel may provide a simple non-invasive approach to screen for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhe Guo
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfan Lu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Laboratory of Oncology Science and Molecular Biology, ShunDe Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yeast-secreted, dried and food-admixed monomeric IgA prevents gastrointestinal infection in a piglet model. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:527-530. [PMID: 30936561 PMCID: PMC6544532 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A scalably manufacturable oral antibody technology that can interfere with gastrointestinal (GI) targets is needed. Contrary to the complex native secretory IgA, we achieve this using a single-gene encoded monomeric-IgA-like antibody, composed of camelid VHH fused to IgA Fc (mVHH-IgA). This can be produced in soybean seeds or secreted from Pichia pastoris yeast, freeze-or spray-dried, and when delivered in food prevents enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F4-ETEC) infection in piglets.
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70
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Thanikachalam K, Khan G. Colorectal Cancer and Nutrition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010164. [PMID: 30646512 PMCID: PMC6357054 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the US. While the incidence and the mortality rate of colorectal cancer has decreased due to effective cancer screening measures, there has been an increase in number of young patients diagnosed in colon cancer due to unclear reasons at this point of time. While environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer, extensive research has suggested that nutrition may play both a causal and protective role in the development of colon cancer. In this review article, we aim to provide a review of factors that play a major role in development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Thanikachalam
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Gazala Khan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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