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Tanna R, Dugarte HJN, Kurakula S, Muralidharan V, Das A, Kanigalpula SPR, Mendez IE, Afaq M, Bassi R, Shah K, Saddiq Z. Review of Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal, Neonatal Outcomes, and Placental Changes. Cureus 2022; 14:e28631. [PMID: 36106265 PMCID: PMC9450993 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a disease that has caused a global impact. COVID-19 is transmitted through airborne droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. The pandemic has affected individuals of different ages, and studying the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and newborn outcomes is critical. In this review, we highlight the impact of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy and its repercussion in the maternal-fetal binomial. Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy have significant effects on the immune system, cardiopulmonary system, and coagulation, and these changes can result in an altered response to COVID-19 infection. The symptoms, risk factors, and maternal health consequences of COVID-19 were discussed. In addition, the impact of newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 was reviewed. Finally, placental changes and vertical transmission of COVID-19 during pregnancy were also discussed in this review.
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Grajek M, Krupa-Kotara K, Grot M, Kujawińska M, Helisz P, Gwioździk W, Białek-Dratwa A, Staśkiewicz W, Kobza J. Perception of the Body Image in Women after Childbirth and the Specific Determinants of Their Eating Behavior: Cross-Sectional Study (Silesia, Poland). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610137. [PMID: 36011771 PMCID: PMC9407984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Episodes of loss of control over eating during pregnancy affect up to 36% of women during this period. Many women experience natural concerns about weight gain and body-shape changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and food cravings and fluctuations in eating patterns during these periods are physiological phenomena. However, pregnancy and the postpartum period may be an additional determinant of eating disorders. Women who perceive their own bodies as significantly deviating from the presented ideal are more likely to experience anxiety/anxiety related to it and also tend to exhibit abnormal eating behaviors. The perception of one’s body figure also plays an important role in maintaining psychological balance Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the perception of body image by postpartum women. The essence of the study was to see if there were psychomarkers associated with lack of control over eating, food restriction, and emotionally motivated eating in the study population. Material and methods: The study was conducted during the fall and winter of 2021. A total of 288 women participated in the study. The age of the subjects ranged from 21 to 45 years. Results: It was found that 198 women (68.8%) were dissatisfied with their current body weight and figure. Respondents with higher post-pregnancy body mass index showed dissatisfaction with their body shape (49.8%; H = 13.042; p = 0.001). Both body satisfaction and BMI level were significant components of the occurrence of pathological phenomena associated with the TFEQ-13 subscales (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Excessive focus on food restriction as well as lack of control over eating had some association with negative self-perception of body image, mainly in the form of body weight dissatisfaction. Eating behaviors showed an association with BMI level and weight satisfaction after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Grajek
- Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Karolina Krupa-Kotara
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Martina Grot
- Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Maria Kujawińska
- Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Paulina Helisz
- Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Weronika Gwioździk
- Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Staśkiewicz
- Department of Technology and Food Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Kobza
- Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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Cena L, Trainini A, Tralli N, Nodari LS, Iacona E, Ronconi L, Testoni I. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Perinatal Loss Experienced by the Parental Couple: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study in Italy. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38866. [PMID: 36044641 PMCID: PMC9472504 DOI: 10.2196/38866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the beginning of 2020, mothers and fathers who experienced perinatal events (from conception to pregnancy and postpartum period) found themselves facing problems related to the emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated difficulties for health care centers in providing care. In the unexpected and negative event of perinatal loss (ie, miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal death) more complications occurred. Perinatal loss is a painful and traumatic life experience that causes grief and can cause affective disorders in the parental couple—the baby dies and the couple’s plans for a family are abruptly interrupted. During the COVID-19 pandemic, limited access to perinatal bereavement care, due to the lockdown measures imposed on medical health care centers and the social distancing rules to prevent contagion, was an additional risk factor for parental mental health, such as facing a prolonged and complicated grief. Objective The main aims of this study are as follows: to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mothers and fathers who experienced perinatal loss during the pandemic, comparing their perceptions; to evaluate their change over time between the first survey administration after bereavement and the second survey after 6 months; to examine the correlations between bereavement and anxiety, depression, couple satisfaction, spirituality, and sociodemographic variables; to investigate which psychosocial factors may negatively affect the mourning process; and to identify the potential predictors of the development of complicated grief. Methods This longitudinal observational multicenter study is structured according to a mixed methods design, with a quantitative and qualitative section. It will include a sample of parents (mothers and fathers) who experienced perinatal loss during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020. There are two phases—a baseline and a follow-up after 6 months. Results This protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Psychological Research, University of Padova, and by the Institutional Ethics Board of the Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy. We expect to collect data from 34 or more couples, as determined by our sample size calculation. Conclusions This study will contribute to the understanding of the psychological processes related to perinatal loss and bereavement care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will provide information useful to prevent the risk of complicated grief and psychopathologies among bereaved parents and to promote perinatal mental health. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38866
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cena
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Alice Trainini
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Nella Tralli
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Luisa Silvia Nodari
- Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11 Brescia 25123, Brescia, IT
| | - Erika Iacona
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, IT
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- IT and Statistical Services, Multifunctional Centre of Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, IT
| | - Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, IT
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Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159347. [PMID: 35954706 PMCID: PMC9367746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for an infectious pandemic, with repercussions on socio-economic aspects and on the physical and mental health of the general population. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the data belonging to the European framework, analyzing the population by age group. Original articles and reviews on the state of mental health of the general European population have been researched starting from 2021. Initially, a total of 1764 studies were found, among which a total of 75 were selected. Youth were the age group most affected by pandemic consequences on mental health, with emotional and behavioral alterations observed from a third to more than a half of children and adolescents examined. Among both adolescents and adults, the female gender had a higher prevalence of psychopathological symptoms. The main risk factors were poor social support, economic difficulties, and, in particular, unemployment or job changes. Additional individual risk factors were the perception of loneliness, the presence of pre-pandemic mental illness/distress, and some personality traits, such as neuroticism, impulsiveness, and the use of maladaptive coping strategies. Unexpectedly, the elderly maintained good resilience towards change, even if a stress factor was represented by the feeling of loneliness and poor social contact. As regards suicidal behaviors, among adolescents, there was an increase in attempts of 25%, with a greater risk for the female gender. This risk increased also among adults, in association with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and poor socio-environmental conditions. In conclusion, some population groups were found to be at greater risk of psychological burden during pandemic waves, thus representing priority targets for socio-health interventions.
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Radoš SN, Motrico E, Mesquita AM, Ganho-Avila A, Vousoura E, Lalor J. Changes in perinatal mental healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: a protocol for a collaborative research study between the COST actions RISEUP-PPD and DEVOTION. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052411. [PMID: 35882459 PMCID: PMC9329731 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant changes in routine maternity care have been introduced globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce infection risk, but also due to lack of medical facilities, staff shortages and the unpredictable nature of the disease. However, it is yet to be established if specialised perinatal mental health (PMH) services have been similarly affected. As a Task Force in PMH and COVID-19 pandemic within Riseup-PPD COST Action, this study aims to identify changes in PMH practices, policies and protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An online survey of experts in the PMH who are members of the COST Action 'Riseup-PPD' and the COST Action ''DEVOTION" across 36 European countries will be conducted. A questionnaire on changes in PMH care practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic will be administered. It consists of open-ended questions, checklists and ratings on a 7-point scale addressing seven domains of interest in terms of PMH: (1) policies, guidelines and protocols; (2) PMH care practices at a national level; (3) evidence of best practice; (4) barriers to usual care; (5) resources invested; (6) benefits of investment in the policies and (7) short-term and long-term expectations of the policies. Data will be collected using Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics will be reported and differences between countries will be examined using the χ2 statistic or Student's t-test. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from The Ethics Committee for Research in Life and Health Sciences of the University of Minho (Portugal) to undertake an anonymous online survey. The findings will be disseminated to professional audience through peer-review publication and presentations and shared widely with stakeholders, policy-makers and service user groups. A position paper will be developed to influence policy-making at a European level to alleviate the adversities caused by COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04779775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Nakić Radoš
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emma Motrico
- Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Dos Hermanas, Spain
| | - Ana M Mesquita
- Universidade do Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Ganho-Avila
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eleni Vousoura
- Psychology, The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Joan Lalor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Goldstein E, Brown RL, Lennon RP, Zgierska AE. Latent class analysis of health, social, and behavioral profiles associated with psychological distress among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Birth 2022; 50:407-417. [PMID: 35802785 PMCID: PMC9349739 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of literature documenting negative mental health impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with mental health and well-being among pregnant and postpartum women during the pandemic. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey study distributed to pregnant and postpartum (within 6 months) women identified through electronic health records from two large healthcare systems in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States. Survey questions explored perinatal and postpartum experiences related to the pandemic, including social support, coping, and health care needs and access. Latent class analysis was performed to identify classes among 13 distinct health, social, and behavioral variables. Outcomes of depression, anxiety, and stress were examined using propensity-weighted regression modeling. RESULTS Fit indices demonstrated a three-class solution as the best fitting model. Respondents (N = 616) from both regions comprised three classes, which significantly differed on sleep- and exercise-related health, social behaviors, and mental health: Higher Psychological Distress (31.8%), Moderate Psychological Distress (49.8%), and Lower Psychological Distress (18.4%). The largest discriminatory issue was support from one's social network. Significant differences in depression, anxiety, and stress severity scores were observed across these three classes. Reported need for mental health services was greater than reported access. CONCLUSIONS Mental health outcomes were largely predicted by the lack or presence of social support, which can inform public health decisions and measures to buffer the psychological impact of ongoing waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant and postpartum women. Targeted early intervention among those in higher distress categories may help improve maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Goldstein
- Department Population Health Nursing ScienceUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of NursingChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Roger L. Brown
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Schools of Nursing, Medicine and Public Health – Design and Statistics UnitMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Robert P. Lennon
- Department of Family and Community MedicinePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Aleksandra E. Zgierska
- Department of Family and Community MedicinePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Public Health SciencesPennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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LoGiudice JA, Bartos S. Mixed Methods Study of the Experience of Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2022; 51:548-557. [PMID: 35970236 PMCID: PMC9300591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the experiences of women who were pregnant during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020 to May 2020, and how they coped with stress. Design A convergent mixed-methods design. Setting Online survey that launched in April 2020. Participants A total of 185 pregnant women. Methods For the quantitative strand, we measured adaptation to coping with stress using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. For the qualitative strand, we asked participants to describe the experience of being pregnant during the pandemic. Results The mean score on the Brief Resilient Coping Scale was 14.7, which indicated a medium-level resilient coper. Using Krippendorff’s content analysis, we identified four themes: Robbed of Enjoying the Expected Pregnancy Experiences, Anxiety and Fear in the Face of a Pandemic Pregnancy, Heightened Source of Worry With Birth on the Horizon, and Choosing Hope. Conclusion To meet the needs of pregnant women, perinatal nurses and other maternity care providers must understand the experience of pregnancy during times of upheaval, such as the onset of a global pandemic. Health care providers and nurses can help ensure ideal outcomes for pregnant women by recognizing the loss of the expected pregnancy experience, providing support through creative social outlets, and fostering hopeful optimism.
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Gaviria-Arbeláez SL, Uribe-Holguín A, Gil-Castaño LS, Uribe-Bravo SE, Serna-Galeano LE, Álvarez-Mesa C, Palacio-Moná R, Vélez-Cuervo SM. Prevalencia del riesgo de depresión y preocupaciones en mujeres gestantes en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Antioquia, Colombia, 2020-2021. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGÍA 2022; 73:194-202. [PMID: 35939413 PMCID: PMC9395201 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de los síntomas de depresión y las preocupaciones que afectaron a las gestantes durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, se incluyeron mujeres gestantes, con acceso a un medio tecnológico (celular, computador o tableta) y conectividad a internet, residentes en Antioquia, Colombia. Se excluyeron mujeres con analfabetismo literario y tecnológico. Se encuestaron, en línea, las condiciones sociodemográficas y clínicas basales y las principales preocupaciones generadas por la pandemia, además se aplicó la Escala de Depresión de Edimburgo (EPDS) para medir el riesgo de depresión. Se usó el software Jamovi para el procesamiento y análisis estadístico. Resultados: Se encuestaron 345 mujeres gestantes de 15 a 44 años, se identificó una prevalencia de riesgo de depresión en 30,4 % de las mujeres encuestadas. Se identificó violencia intrafamiliar en el 4,9 % y ausencia de red de apoyo en el 8,4 %. Se encontraron como mayores preocupaciones temor a ser separadas del bebé el día del parto, la posibilidad de no tener acompañante durante el parto, y temor al contagio por los efectos en el bebé in útero o en el recién nacido. Conclusiones: Los síntomas de depresión han sido frecuentes en las mujeres gestantes durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Es importante averiguar por factores de estrés y síntomas de depresión en el control prenatal, el parto y el postparto. Se requieren nuevos estudios locales que evalúen otros trastornos de salud mental que se hayan podido incrementar durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
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Henry A, Yang J, Grattan S, Roberts L, Lainchbury A, Shanthosh J, Cullen P, Everitt L. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Telehealth on Antenatal Screening and Services, Including for Mental Health and Domestic Violence: An Australian Mixed-Methods Study. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:819953. [PMID: 35814835 PMCID: PMC9257034 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.819953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Australian antenatal care includes specific screening and service provision for domestic and family violence (DFV) and mental health. However, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major care changes, including greatly expanded telehealth. Given difficulties in a safe assessment and management of disclosures via telehealth, DFV and mental health service provision might be substantially impacted. This study therefore aimed to assess COVID-19 effects on DFV and mental health screening, as well as broader service provision from the perspective of local maternity service providers. Methods Mixed-methods study of staff surveys and interviews of staff directly involved in pregnancy care (doctors, midwives, and allied health) in three Sydney (Australia) maternity units, from October 2020 to March 2021. Surveys and interviews interrogated perceived effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery (ensuring required services occurred), timeliness, and quality of (a) overall maternity care and (b) DFV and mental health screening and care; and also advantages and disadvantages of telehealth. Surveys were descriptively analyzed. Interviews were conducted online, recorded, and transcribed verbatim prior to thematic analysis. Results In total, 17 interviews were conducted and 109 survey responses were received. Breakdown of survey respondents was 67% of midwives, 21% of doctors, and 10% of allied health. Over half of survey respondents felt the pandemic had a negative effect on delivery, timeliness, and quality of overall pregnancy care, and DFV and mental health screening and management. Perceived telehealth positives included convenience for women (73%) and reducing women's travel times (69%). Negative features included no physical examination (90%), difficulty regarding non-verbal cues (84%), difficulty if interpreter required (71%), and unsure if safe to ask some questions (62%). About 50% felt telehealth should continue post-pandemic, but for <25% of visits. Those perceived suitable for telehealth were low-risk and multiparous women, whereas those unsuited were high-risk pregnancy, non-English speaking, and/or mental health/psychosocial/DFV concerns. “Change to delivery of care” was the central interview theme, with subthemes of impact on mental health/DFV screening, telehealth (both positive and negative), staff impact (e.g., continuity of care disruption), and perceived impact on women and partners. Discussion While telehealth may have an ongoing, post-pandemic role in Australian maternity care, staff believe that this should be limited in scope, mostly for low-risk pregnancies. Women with high risk due to physical health or mental health, DFV, and/or other social concerns were considered unsuited to telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Henry
- Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Amanda Henry
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Grattan
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lynne Roberts
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Janani Shanthosh
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Human Rights Institute, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Ngarruwan Ngadju, First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise Everitt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Choi R, Nagappan A, Kopyto D, Wexler A. Pregnant at the start of the pandemic: a content analysis of COVID-19-related posts on online pregnancy discussion boards. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:493. [PMID: 35710387 PMCID: PMC9201795 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental mental health effects for pregnant women. However, little is known about the specific stressors that increased anxiety for pregnant women at the start of the pandemic. The present study aimed to better understand the concerns of pregnant women during the beginning COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing content posted during the month of March 2020 on online pregnancy message boards hosted on WhatToExpect.com. Methods All posts published between March 1–31, 2020 on nine different due-date specific WhatToExpect.com message boards were reviewed for COVID-19 relevance. Posts mentioning COVID-19 or its direct effects (e.g., “quarantine” or “stay-at-home order”) were included in our final sample. Data were coded by three authors according to a codebook developed inductively by all four authors. Posts were analyzed by overall frequency of appearance, by trimester, and temporally across the month of March 2020. Results Across the 5,541 posts included in our final sample, the most common topics were fear of COVID-19 exposure, concerns with labor and delivery, navigating social interactions, and disruptions to prenatal care. The most dominant topics by trimester were disruptions to prenatal care (first trimester), fear of COVID-19 exposure (second trimester), and concerns about labor and delivery (third trimester). Conclusion Our findings add to prior literature by demonstrating the salience of social concerns, which was the third largest COVID-19 topic in our sample. Emotional distress was most salient with regard to restrictions on birthing partners, but was apparent in everything from disruptions to pregnancy announcements, to cancelled baby showers, and limitations on newborn visitors. Given that anxiety during pregnancy is associated with worse maternal–fetal health outcomes, in the early stages of future pandemics healthcare providers should focus not only on strictly health-related concerns expressed by pregnant women, but also more broadly on other sources of anxiety that may be impacting the well-being and mental health of their patients. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04802-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Choi
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ashwini Nagappan
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deena Kopyto
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anna Wexler
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Gómez-Baya D, Gómez-Gómez I, Domínguez-Salas S, Rodríguez-Domínguez C, Motrico E. The influence of lifestyles to cope with stress over mental health in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-20. [PMID: 35729900 PMCID: PMC9200375 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected daily life routines and lifestyles of pregnant and postpartum women and increased their stress and risk of suffering from mental health problems. The aim of this study was to analyse which sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 exposure variables and lifestyles to cope with stress variables predicted anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional design was performed with a sample of 3356 Spanish women participating in the Riseup-PPD-COVID-19 study. These participants completed an online survey composed of measures of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (EPDS), and PTSD related to COVID-19 (Checklist DSM-5), as well as demographics, exposure to COVID-19, and lifestyles to cope with stress. Regarding results, 47.2% showed depression and a third reported anxiety, whereas moderate scores were observed in PTSD symptoms. The most commonly used strategies to cope with stress in the COVID-19 pandemic were talking with friends and family and increasing time with social networks. Better results in mental health were associated with coping strategies such as talking with family and friends or participating in family activities, physical activity, sleeping well at night, eating healthier, and increasing personal care. Furthermore, poor results in mental health were observed in those participants who increased time with screens, ate fast food, reported substance use, and talked more frequently with health professionals. More symptoms were also observed in younger women, primiparous women, and those who reported more exposure to COVID-19. The results underline the need to strengthen the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04595123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gómez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville Spain
| | - Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville Spain
| | | | - Emma Motrico
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville Spain
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Aydin E, Weiss SM, Glasgow KA, Barlow J, Austin T, Johnson MH, Lloyd-Fox S. COVID-19 in the context of pregnancy, infancy and parenting (CoCoPIP) study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parental mental health, social interactions, physical growth and cognitive development of infants during the pandemic. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053800. [PMID: 35667736 PMCID: PMC9170803 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the secondary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of pregnant women and parents has become apparent over the past year, the impact of these changes on early social interactions, physical growth and cognitive development of their infants is unknown, as is the way in which a range of COVID-19-related changes have mediated this impact. This study (CoCoPIP) will investigate: (1) how parent's experiences of the social, medical and financial changes during the pandemic have impacted prenatal and postnatal parental mental health and parent-infant social interaction; and (2) the extent to which these COVID-19-related changes in parental prenatal and postnatal mental health and social interaction are associated with fetal and infant development. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The CoCoPIP study is a national online survey initiated in July 2020. This ongoing study (n=1700 families currently enrolled as of 6 May 2021) involves both quantitative and qualitative data being collected across pregnancy and infancy. It is designed to identify the longitudinal impact of the pandemic from pregnancy to 2 years of age as assessed using a range of parent- and self-report measures, with the aim of identifying if stress-associated moderators (ie, loss of income, COVID-19 illness, access to ante/postnatal support) appear to impact parental mental health, and in turn, infant development. In addition, we aim to document individual differences in social and cognitive development in toddlers who were born during restrictions intended to mitigate COVID-19 spread (eg, social distancing, national lockdowns). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was given by the University of Cambridge, Psychology Research Ethics Committee (PRE.2020.077). Findings will be made available via community engagement, public forums (eg, social media,) and to national (eg, NHS England) and local (Cambridge Universities Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) healthcare partners. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviews journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Aydin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Staci M Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin A Glasgow
- Department of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Barlow
- Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Topun Austin
- Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Almayahi ZK, Al Lamki N. Psychological effects of, and compliance with, self-isolation among COVID-19 patients in South Batinah Governorate, Oman: a cross-sectional study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022; 58:45. [PMID: 35573868 PMCID: PMC9079213 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Covid-19 pandemic has left deep psychological impacts, especially among infected patients. It is extremely important to understand the extent of those effects, while improving the compliance with isolation measures at the same time. Objectives To detect prevalence of stress using two psychological scales and examine the stress associated factors, also to identify self-isolation compliance rates among COVID-19 patients. Methods Cross-sectional research was conducted from 15 November to 22 December 2020, involving 379 patient participants selected via systematic random sampling. Kessler 10 Psychological Distress (K10) and the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R) tests were used to ascertain the levels of distress. Results K10 measure revealed elevated stress amongst 121 (31.9%) of participants, whereas IES_R indicated the level was 37.7%. Using the K10 indicated the multivariate analysis was significant for females (OR = 2.482, 95% CI: 1.532–4.021), patients with financial problems (OR = 2.332, 95% CI: 1.270–4.282) and patients experiencing shortages of essentials (OR = 4.920, 95% CI: 2.524–9.590). The IES-R scale indicated that only female and patients experiencing shortages scored significantly in multivariate analysis, (OR = 1.895, 95% CI: 1.1223–2.935) and (OR = 2.928, 95% CI: 1.1580–5.424), respectively. Those undergoing shorter isolation periods reported lower levels of stress on both K10, p=0.016 and IES-R, p=0.002. Approximately 90% of patients used their own towels during isolation. Moreover, 80.2% slept in separate rooms and 74% used masks in the presence of other family members. Essential supply shortages were reported by 14.2% of respondents. Conclusions Self-compliance rates were not optimal, while psychological distress was more prevalent among some groups. Intervention is imperative to minimize stress and improve self-isolation compliance.
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Dewi IP, Fatmawati A, Aisyah PS, Linawati SL. Qur’anic Bibliotherapy Intervention in Pregnant Women Experiencing Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The disease caused by coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has been stated as a global epidemic by the WHO. The COVID-19 pandemic adds many risk factors to maternal mental health during the perinatal period. The impact of anxiety during pregnancy is adverse obstetric consequences such as premature birth, inadequate antenatal care, requests for elective cesarean delivery, low APGAR scores of infants, and postpartum depression. Nursing interventions to overcome anxiety can be done through spiritual and religious intervention approaches. One of the spiritual interventions for the Muslim population to improve religious coping is Qur’anic Bibliotherapy (QB) as Islamic bibliotherapy.
AIM: This study aimed to explore the use of QB interventions for pregnant women experiencing anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to explore the experience of the intervention given to the informant. The qualitative samples were ten respondents with moderate-to-severe anxiety levels. The anxiety instrument used was the Zung Anxiety Scale.
RESULTS: The themes obtained from in-depth interviews with semi-structured interviews were recognizing COVID-19 and its perceived impact, the impetus for changing resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic, parents’ role, and the benefits of QB for pregnant women in the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS: QB encourages informants’ positive thinking, feeling, spiritual, and attitude patterns. QB can be used as a complementary Islamic intervention for health workers, especially nurses, in providing nursing care to Muslim patients.
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Goldfeld S, O'Connor E, Sung V, Roberts G, Wake M, West S, Hiscock H. Potential indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children: a narrative review using a community child health lens. Med J Aust 2022; 216:364-372. [PMID: 35066868 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
▪In this narrative review, we summarise the vast and burgeoning research on the potential and established indirect impacts on children of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a community child health lens to organise our findings and to consider how Australia might best respond to the needs of children (aged 0-12 years). ▪We synthesised the literature on previous pandemics, epidemics and natural disasters, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. We found clear evidence of adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children that either repeated or extended the findings from previous pandemics. ▪We identified 11 impact areas, under three broad categories: child-level factors (poorer mental health, poorer child health and development, poorer academic achievement); family-level factors that affect children (poorer parent mental health, reduced family income and job losses, increased household stress, increased abuse and neglect, poorer maternal and newborn health); and service-level factors that affect children (school closures, reduced access to health care, increased use of technology for learning, connection and health care). ▪There is increasing global concern about the likely disproportionate impact of the current pandemic on children experiencing adversity, widening existing disparities in child health and developmental outcomes. ▪We suggest five potential strategy areas that could begin to address these inequities: addressing financial instability through parent financial supplements; expanding the role of schools to address learning gaps and wellbeing; rethinking health care delivery to address reduced access; focusing on prevention and early intervention for mental health; and using digital solutions to address inequitable service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Elodie O'Connor
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Valerie Sung
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Gehan Roberts
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Melissa Wake
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Sue West
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
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Micha G, Hyphantis T, Staikou C, Valsamidis D, Arnaoutoglou E, Tzimas P, Vlahos N, Daponte A, Grypiotis I, Pappa P, Evangelaki E, Apostolidou S, Paschos V, Varvarousi G, Bareka M, Izountouemoi GE, Tsonis O, Koullourou I, Kalopita K, Kotsis K. Prevalence of postpartum depression and antenatal anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational prospective cohort study in Greece. Eur J Midwifery 2022; 6:23. [PMID: 35509983 PMCID: PMC9006185 DOI: 10.18332/ejm/146233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Micha
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Hyphantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chryssoula Staikou
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valsamidis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Alexandra General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Arnaoutoglou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Petros Tzimas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Grypiotis
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Pappa
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erofili Evangelaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Apostolidou
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Paschos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giolanda Varvarousi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Alexandra General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Metaxia Bareka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gloria E. Izountouemoi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Postoperative Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Orestis Tsonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iouliani Koullourou
- Mental Health Center, “G. Hatzikosta” General Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kalopita
- Department of Anesthesiology, “Helena Venizelou” General and Maternity Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kotsis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Psychological Distress and COVID-19 Related Anxiety among Malaysian Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084590. [PMID: 35457456 PMCID: PMC9024897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of COVID-19 outbreaks and nationwide lockdown led to an increased prevalence of psychological distress among the population, especially women, as they have to cope with greater family and work demands. We aimed to identify the factors contributing to psychological distress among Malaysian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2020 and April 2021, in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among women, which consisted of (1) Participant’s demographics, (2) COVID-19 knowledge and awareness, (3) Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and (4) COVID-19-related anxiety. Chi-square test and univariate analysis were performed to determine the significant factors associated with psychological distress. The mean scores for knowledge, COVID-19 anxiety, and DASS-21 subcomponents were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A total of three hundred and thirty-eight women completed the survey. The majority of respondents demonstrated adequate knowledge (95.6%) on COVID-19. The proportion of our women who reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were 17.2%, 25.1%, and 0.9%, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of psychological distress of 27.8%. Low education level (p = 0.017), unemployment (p = 0.028), loss of income (p = 0.033), and hospital admission for surgical procedures (p = 0.021) were significantly associated with a higher psychological burden. A greater level of COVID-19 anxiety was found among Malays (p = 0.027), pregnant women (p = 0.013), and those who suffered a loss of income (p = 0.038) during this pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on women’s psychological wellbeing, especially those from the lower socio-economic background. Therefore, adequate information, as well as support, must be provided to the vulnerable groups during the ongoing pandemic, to lessen their psychological burden.
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Iwanowicz-Palus G, Mróz M, Korda A, Marcewicz A, Palus A. Perinatal Anxiety among Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052603. [PMID: 35270296 PMCID: PMC8909536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way prenatal education and obstetric care are provided. Pandemic-related anxiety, restrictions, limitations in perinatal care, and the inability to be accompanied by a loved one can have negative psychological consequences for future parents and their child. The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants and assess the anxiety of pregnant women in individual trimesters, as well as to learn about the sources of support and medical personnel proceeding methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was conducted as a diagnostic survey, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Childbirth Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ), and a standardized interview questionnaire, on 534 pregnant women in Poland. Resultsand Conclusions: The pregnant women, regardless of the trimester of pregnancy, are characterized by: increased anxiety level influenced by the current epidemiological situation, psychophysical condition, previous maternal experiences, participation in classes preparing for childbirth, organization of perinatal care, their relationship with a partner, and the presence of a loved one during childbirth. A negative correlation was shown between the level of childbirth anxiety and maternal experience, as well as the support of a doctor and midwife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Iwanowicz-Palus
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.I.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Mariola Mróz
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.I.-P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-6840
| | - Aleksandra Korda
- Students’ Scientific Circle at the Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Marcewicz
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.I.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Palus
- Medical Doctor in Medical Center in NowyDwór Mazowiecki, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Giesbrecht G, Rojas L, Patel S, Kuret V, MacKinnon A, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Lebel C. Fear of COVID-19, mental health, and pregnancy outcomes in the pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic study: Fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:483-491. [PMID: 34952107 PMCID: PMC8690287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained fear during pregnancy has the potential to increase psychological distress and obstetric risk. This study aimed to (1) identify factors and characteristics associated with fear of COVID-19, (2) investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and maternal anxiety and depression, and (3) determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS 9251 pregnant Canadians were recruited between April - December 2020. Participants self-reported (scale of 0-100) the degree of threat they perceived from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in relation to themselves and their unborn baby. RESULTS Mean fear scores indicated moderate to elevated concern. In multivariable linear regression, fear of COVID-19 was associated with food insecurity, ethnicity, geographic location, history of anxiety prior to pregnancy, having a chronic health condition, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and stage of pregnancy at study enrollment. Higher COVID-19 fear was associated with increased odds of depression, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.75, p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.66-1.85, and anxiety, aOR=2.04, p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.94-2.15). Furthermore, fear of COVID-19 was associated with a 192-gram reduction in infant birthweight, and a 6.1-day reduction in gestational age at birth. LIMITATIONS The sample has higher education compared to the Canadian population and cannot test causal effects. CONCLUSION This study suggests that sociodemographic, health, and obstetric factors may contribute to increased fear of COVID-19 and associated adverse psychological and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.F. Giesbrecht
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Corresponding author at: Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4
| | - L. Rojas
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S. Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V. Kuret
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A.L. MacKinnon
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L. Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C. Lebel
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Panisi C, Marini M. Dynamic and Systemic Perspective in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Change of Gaze in Research Opens to A New Landscape of Needs and Solutions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 35204013 PMCID: PMC8870276 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step for a harmonious bio-psycho-social framework in approaching autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is overcoming the conflict between the biological and the psychosocial perspective. Biological research can provide clues for a correct approach to clinical practice, assuming that it would lead to the conceptualization of a pathogenetic paradigm able to account for epidemiologic and clinical findings. The upward trajectory in ASD prevalence and the systemic involvement of other organs besides the brain suggest that the epigenetic paradigm is the most plausible one. The embryo-fetal period is the crucial window of opportunity for keeping neurodevelopment on the right tracks, suggesting that women's health in pregnancy should be a priority. Maladaptive molecular pathways beginning in utero, in particular, a vicious circle between the immune response, oxidative stress/mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysbiosis-impact neurodevelopment and brain functioning across the lifespan and are the basis for progressive multisystemic disorders that account for the substantial health loss and the increased mortality in ASD. Therefore, the biological complexity of ASD and its implications for health requires the enhancement of clinical skills on these topics, to achieve an effective multi-disciplinary healthcare model. Well-balanced training courses could be a promising starting point to make a change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panisi
- Fondazione Istituto Sacra Famiglia ONLUS, Cesano Boscone, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Overbeck G, Rasmussen IS, Siersma V, Kragstrup J, Ertmann RK, Wilson P. Mental well-being during stages of COVID-19 lockdown among pregnant women and new mothers. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:92. [PMID: 35105334 PMCID: PMC8804668 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy and early motherhood are sensitive times where epidemic disease outbreaks can affect mental health negatively. Countries and health care systems handled the pandemic and lockdowns differently and knowledge about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental well-being of pregnant women and new mothers is limited and points in different directions. Aim To investigate symptoms of anxiety and depression in a population of pregnant women and new mothers in various stages of infection pressure and lockdown during the first 15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark. Methods The study population was nested an inception cohort of women recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. Data about mental health of the woman were obtained in relation to pregnancy and child development (first trimester, 8 weeks postpartum and 5 months postpartum), and data were analysed cross-sectionally according to calendar time (periods defined by infection rate and lock-down during the COVID-19 pandemic). Results No differences in reported levels of depressive symptoms between the six examined time periods of the pandemic were observed. Specifically, symptoms remained unchanged after the first lock-down. No major changes in anxiety symptoms were observed in relation to increased infection pressure or lockdowns, but a small increase was observed during the second lockdown in women 8 weeks postpartum. Conclusion No clear change in mood among pregnant women was seen between during the stages of COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gritt Overbeck
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ida Scheel Rasmussen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kragstrup
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Kirk Ertmann
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Wilson
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Rural Health, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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72
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Domar AD, Shah JS, Gompers A, Meyers AJ, Khodakhah DR, Hacker MR, Penzias AS, Sakkas D, Toth TL, Vaughan DA. The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women Pregnant Following Infertility Treatment: A Longitudinal Study. F S Rep 2022; 3:71-78. [PMID: 35098174 PMCID: PMC8786401 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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73
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Manuela F, Barcos-Munoz F, Monaci MG, Lordier L, Camejo MP, De Almeida JS, Grandjean D, Hüppi PS, Borradori-Tolsa C. Maternal Stress, Depression, and Attachment in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Before and During the COVID Pandemic: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:734640. [PMID: 34659049 PMCID: PMC8517514 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.734640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mothers' postnatal depression, stress, and attachment during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Twenty mothers of very premature infants born before 32weeks of gestational age were recruited at the Geneva University Hospital between January 2018 and February 2020 before the COVID-19 pandemic started. Mothers were screened for postnatal depression after their preterm infant's birth (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS), then for stress (Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, PSS:NICU), and attachment (Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale, MPAS) at infant's term-equivalent age. Data were compared with 14 mothers recruited between November 2020 and June 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. No significant differences were found in the scores for depression, stress, and attachment between the two groups. However, a non-statistically significant trend showed a general increase of depression symptoms in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly correlated to the attachment and stress scores. Moreover, the PSS:NICU Sights and Sounds score was significantly positively correlated with EPDS scores and negatively with the MPAS score only in the During-COVID group. To conclude, we discussed a possible dampened effect of the several protective family-based actions that have been adopted in the Geneva University Hospital during the health crisis, and we discussed the most appropriate interventions to support parents in this traumatic period during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Manuela
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Lab, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Valle d’Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Francisca Barcos-Munoz
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Grazia Monaci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Valle d’Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Lara Lordier
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maricé Pereira Camejo
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joana Sa De Almeida
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Grandjean
- Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Lab, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Borradori-Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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74
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Bottemanne H, Vahdat B, Jouault C, Tibi R, Joly L. Becoming a Mother During COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Protect Maternal Mental Health Against Stress Factors. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:764207. [PMID: 35368728 PMCID: PMC8964966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.764207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were an increasing prevalence of perinatal psychiatric symptoms, such as perinatal anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders. This growth could be caused by a range of direct and indirect stress factors related to the virus and changes in health, social and economic organization. In this review, we explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health, and propose a range of hypothesis about their etiological mechanisms. We suggest first that the fear of being infected or infected others (intrauterine transmission, passage of the virus from mother to baby during childbirth, infection through breast milk), and the uncertainty about the effect of the virus on the fetuses and infants may have played a key-role to weakening the mental health of mothers. We also highlight that public health policies such as lockdown, limiting prenatal visits, social distancing measures, and their many associated socio-economic consequences (unemployment, loss of income, and domestic violence) may have been an additional challenge for perinatal mental health. Ground on these hypotheses, we finally purpose some recommendations to protect perinatal mental health during a pandemic, including a range of specific support based on digital technologies (video consultations, phone applications) during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bottemanne
- Department of Psychiatry, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), UMR 7225/UMRS 1127, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University/CNRS/INSERM, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Department of Philosophy, SND Research Unit, UMR 8011, Paris, France
| | - Brune Vahdat
- Department of Psychiatry, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Cleo Jouault
- Department of Psychiatry, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ruben Tibi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Perinatal Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Robert Ballanger Hospital, GHT Grand Paris Nord-Est, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Joly
- Department of Psychiatry, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neurosciences, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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