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Abd El-Ghffar EA, El-Nashar HA, Eldahshan OA, Singab ANB. GC-MS analysis and hepatoprotective activity of the n-hexane extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:441-449. [PMID: 27937037 PMCID: PMC6130506 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1246575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In Egypt, the burden of liver diseases is exceptionally high. OBJECTIVE To investigate the components of the n-hexane extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arn. (Leguminosae) and its hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS TRACE GC ultra gas chromatogaphic spectrometry was used for extract analysis. Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups (five rats in each). Group 1 was the healthy control; Groups 2 and 3 were healthy treated groups (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, respectively) for seven days. Group 4 was hepatotoxicity control (APAP intoxicated group). Groups 5 and 6 received APAP + extract 250 and APAP + extract 500, respectively. RESULTS Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 36 components. Major compounds were α-tocopherol (18.23%), labda-8 (20)-13-dien-15-oic acid (13.15%), lupeol (11.93%), phytol (10.95%) and squalene (7.19%). In the acute oral toxicity study, the mortality rates and behavioural signs of toxicity were zero in all groups (doses from 0 to 5 g/kg b.w. of A. fraxinifolius). LD50 was found to be greater than 5 g/kg of the extract. Only the high dose (500 mg/kg b.w.) of extract significantly alleviated the liver relative weight (4.01 ± 0.06) and biomarkers, as serum aspartate aminotransferase (62.87 ± 1.41), alanine aminotransferase (46.74 ± 1.45), alkaline phosphatase (65.96 ± 0.74), lipid profiles (180.39 ± 3.51), bilirubin profiles (2.30 ± 0.06) and hepatic lipid peroxidation (114.20 ± 2.06), and increased body weight (11.58 ± 0.20), serum protein profile (11.09 ± 0.46) and hepatic total antioxidant capacity (23.78 ± 0.66) in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. CONCLUSION Our study proves the antihepatotoxic/antioxidant efficacies of A. fraxinifolius hexane extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Abd El-Ghffar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A.S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A. Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B. Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Assessment of the possible roles of SB-269970 versus ketanserin on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats: Oxidative stress/TGF-β 1-induced HSCs activation pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:509-518. [PMID: 29660654 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In liver fibrosis, a major morbid and mortal disease, oxidative stress motivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)-into myofibroblasts terminated in collagen deposition remain the key pathophysiological deal. Serotonin (5-HT) through its HSCs-expressed receptors, especially 5-HT2A and 7, shows crucial events in fibrogenesis of chronic liver diseases. Molecular hepatic oxidative stress-fibrotic roles of 5-HT2A and 7 receptors antagonists (ketanserin and SB-269970 respectively) are still a challenging issue. METHODS Seven groups of adult male Wistar rats (n=10) were used. A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) solution was injected intraperitoneally twice weekly for 6 weeks. On the 7th week, rats developed liver fibrosis were treated either by ketanserin (1mg/kg/day, ip) or SB-269970 (2mg/kg/day, ip) for 14days. Survival rates, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in addition to hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) levels, beside the hepatic histopathological fibrotic changes, were evaluated. RESULTS In CCl4-challenged rats, each therapeutic approach showed significant reductions in elevated serum ALT, and AST levels, hepatic MDA, TGF-β1, and PINP levels, and histopathological hepatic fibrotic scores as well as significant elevations in survival rates, reduced hepatic GSH levels, and SOD, and CAT activities. Remarkably, significant ameliorative measurements were observed in SB-269970 treated group. CONCLUSION Blockade of 5-HT2A and 7 receptors each alone could be a future reliable therapeutic approach in liver fibrosis through a reduction in oxidative stress/TGF-β1-induced HSCs activation pathway.
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The Ethanol Extract of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) Protects against Triptolide-Induced Oxidative Stress through Activation of Nrf2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2752389. [PMID: 29234377 PMCID: PMC5634606 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2752389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in licorice ethanol extract (LEE) against triptolide- (TP-) induced hepatotoxicity, HepG2 cells were exposed to LEE (30, 60, and 90 mg·L−1) for 12 h and then treated with TP (50 nM) for 24 h. Besides, an acute liver injury model was established in ICR mice by a single dose of TP (1.0 mg·kg−1, i.p.). Relevant oxidant and antioxidant mediators were analyzed. TP led to an obvious oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing levels of ROS and decreasing GSH contents in HepG2 cells. In vitro results were likely to hold true in in vivo experiments. LEE protected against TP-induced oxidative stress in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the decreased level of Nrf2 in the TP-treated group was observed. The mRNA levels of downstream genes decreased as well in ICR mice liver, whereas they increased in HepG2 cells. In contrast, LEE pretreatment significantly increased the level of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. LEE protects against TP-induced oxidative stress partly via the activation of Nrf2 pathway.
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Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of the Oil from Peony Seeds ( Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9164905. [PMID: 29081895 PMCID: PMC5634581 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9164905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peony seed oil (PSO) is a novel vegetable oil developed from the seeds of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. The present study aimed to make an overall investigation on the chemical profile and antioxidant activities of PSO for reasonable development and utilization of this new resource food. Chemical analysis revealed that PSO was characterized by an uncommon high portion of α-linolenic acid (>38%), fairly low ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.69), and much higher content of γ-tocopherol than various conventional seed oils. In vitro assay indicated that PSO is a more potent scavenger of free radicals than extra virgin olive oil. Moderate intake of PSO exhibited obvious protection against various oxidative damages such as tetrachloromethane-induced acute liver injury in mice and diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The changes in the key indicators of oxidative injury and fatty acid composition in the liver caused by PSO administration were measured, and the results demonstrated that antioxidant properties of PSO are closely related to their characteristic chemical composition. Consequently, the present study provided new evidence for the health implications of PSO, which deserves further development for medical and nutritional use against oxidative damages that are associated with various diseases.
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Oyinloye BE, Osunsanmi FO, Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Kappo AP. Modulatory Effect of Methanol Extract of Piper guineense in CCl₄-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14090955. [PMID: 28837088 PMCID: PMC5615492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the possible protective role of the methanol extract of Piper guineense seeds against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in an animal model. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering oral doses of CCl₄ (1.2 g/kg bw) three times a week for three weeks. Group 1 (Control) and Group 2 (CCl₄) were left untreated; Piper guineense (PG; 400 mg/kg bw) was administered to Group 3 (T₁) by oral gavage for 14 days prior to the administration of CCl₄ and simultaneously with CCl₄; PG (400 mg/kg bw) was administered simultaneously with CCl₄ in Group 4 (T₂); and Livolin forte (20 mg/kg bw) was administered simultaneously with CCl₄ in Group 5 (T₃), the standard drug group. The administration of CCl₄ induces histopathological alteration in the liver, with concomitant increased activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes associated with increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Similarly, there was decrease in non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) and enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione S-transferase), superoxide dismutase, and catalase. An elevation in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels was noticed along with decreased levels of serum total protein. Treatment with PG 400 mg/kg bw exhibited excellent modulatory activity with respect to the different parameters studied by reversing all the above-mentioned biochemical changes significantly in the experimental animals. These results suggest that PG offered protection comparable to that of Livolin forte with better efficacy when pre-treated with 400 mg/kg bw 14 days prior to CCl₄-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part II. Highly Used Plant Species from Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, and Fabaceae Families. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:519. [PMID: 28848436 PMCID: PMC5554347 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In many developing countries, jaundice is the common symptom of hepatic diseases which are a major cause of mortality. The use of natural product-based therapies is very popular for such hepatic disorders. A great number of medicinal plants have been utilized for this purpose and some facilitated the discovery of active compounds which helped the development of new synthetic drugs against jaundice. However, more epidemiological studies and clinical trials are required for the practical implementation of the plant pharmacotherapy of jaundice. The focus of this second part of our review is on several of the most prominent plants used against jaundice identified in the analysis performed in the first part of the review viz. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and some species of genus Phyllanthus. Furthermore, we discuss their physiological effects, biologically active ingredients, and the potential mechanisms of action. Some of the most important active ingredients were silybin (also recommended by German commission), phyllanthin and andrographolide, whose action leads to bilirubin reduction and normalization of the levels of relevant serum enzymes indicative for the pathophysiological status of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil D. Parvanov
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czechia
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaKota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaKota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr NF, El-Bahrawy HA, El-Adawy SA. Downregulation of iNOS and elevation of cAMP mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of glabridin in rats with ulcerative colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:551-559. [PMID: 28707183 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative medicine is widely accepted by public and becoming an attractive approach for treatment of various diseases. Glabridin (Gla), a major flavonoid present in licorice root, was reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of Gla against dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying Gla function. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control, colitis group (rats received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days), Gla group (50 mg/kg, orally, once daily), and sulfasalazine (SLZ) group (500 mg/kg, orally, once daily). Each of Gla and SLZ was administered 1 week ahead of DSS and parallel with its administration. RESULTS Gla ameliorated the inflammatory alterations induced by DSS. Gla group showed a reduction in colon concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and a decreased colon myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). Gla treatment downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in rat colon with a decreased content of nitric oxide (NO). Gla also increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration in rat colon compared to colitis group. Such findings were comparable to or even better than those obtained by SLZ treatment. The histological features of UC such as ulceration and inflammatory cell infiltrations were improved in rat group treated by Gla. CONCLUSION Gla proved a potent anti-inflammatory role in UC through different mechanisms and, being a natural product, it could be safely used as a protective measure in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A El-Bahrawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| | - Samar A El-Adawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Bahr Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31527, Egypt.
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Jayashree GV, Krupashree K, Rachitha P, Khanum F. Patulin Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptotic Damage in Mice, and its Modulation by Green Tea Leaves. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 7:127-134. [PMID: 28663677 PMCID: PMC5478942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study demonstrates the antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of Green tea leaves (GTL). METHODS The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was analyzed. The liver antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls, ROS content were estimated. The histology of liver tissue was observed and the protein expression of SOD, CAT, Caspase-3 and p53 was investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS Effectiveness of GTL extract in preventing patulin induced liver damage showed significant reduction in serum ALT and AST to 19% and 85% respectively, the increase in antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation products with patulin treatment were also reduced with GTL supplementation. The patulin induced increase in hepatic protein carbonyls was significantly reduced by 141-111% with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt GTL and in ROS was significantly reduced by 171-140% with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt GTL administration respectively. Also showed protection against hepatic tissue damage and protein expression in mice. CONCLUSION This study showed remarkable antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of GTL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farhath Khanum
- Address for correspondence: Farhath Khanum, Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagara, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 011, India. Tel.: +91 821 2473064; fax: +91 821 2473283.Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research LaboratorySiddarthanagara, MysuruKarnataka570 011India
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FTY720 Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Podocyte Damage via Inhibiting Inflammatory Cytokines. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3701385. [PMID: 28270699 PMCID: PMC5320072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3701385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FTY720, a new chemical substance derived from the ascomycete Isaria sinclairii, is used for treating multiple sclerosis, renal cancer, and asthma. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite and exists in red blood cells. FTY720 is a synthetic S1P analog which can block S1P evoking physiological effects. Recently studies show that S1P was participating in activated inflammation cells induced renal injury. The objective of this study was to assess the protective effect of FTY720 on kidney damage and the potential mechanism of FTY720 which alleviate podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. In this study, we selected 40 patients with IgA nephropathy and examined their clinical characteristics. Ang II-infusion rat renal injury model was established to evaluate the glomeruli and tubulointerstitial lesion. The result showed that the concentration of S1P in serum and urine was positively correlated with IgA nephropathy patients' renal injury. FTY720 could reduce renal histological lesions induced by Ang II-infusion in rats. Moreover, FTY720 decreased S1P synthesis in Ang II-infusion rats via downregulation of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, FTY720 alleviated exogenous S1P-induced podocyte damage. In conclusion, FTY720 is able to attenuate S1P-induced podocyte damage via reducing inflammatory cytokines.
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Zhou YZ, Zhao FF, Gao L, Du GH, Zhang X, Qin XM. Licorice extract attenuates brain aging of d-galactose induced rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and attenuation of neuronal apoptosis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential protective mechanism of licorice for d-galactose induced aging in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Fan-Fan Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Ulla A, Rahman MT, Habib ZF, Rahman MM, Subhan N, Sikder B, Reza HM, Hossain MH, Alam MA. Mango
peel powder supplementation prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anayt Ulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Tariqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Zaki Farhad Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Moshfequr Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Biswajit Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
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Ghorashi M, Rezaee MA, Rezaie MJ, Mohammadi M, Jalili A, Rahmani MR. The attenuating effect of aqueous extract of licorice on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1203294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Çetin A, Çiftçi O, Otlu A. Protective effect of hesperidin on oxidative and histological liver damage following carbon tetrachloride administration in Wistar rats. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:486-93. [PMID: 27279838 PMCID: PMC4889676 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.49484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current study, the protective effect of hesperidin (HP) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight rats were divided equally into four groups. The first group was kept as a control and given only vehicle. In the second, rats were orally administered 50 mg/kg/day HP for 10 days. Carbon tetrachloride was given in a single intraperitoneal injection at the dose of 2 ml/kg in the third group. In the fourth group, the rats were treated with equal doses of CCl4 and HP. RESULTS It was found that CCl4 induced oxidative stress via a significant increase in the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and caused a significant decline in the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats. In contrast, HP blocked these toxic effects induced by CCl4, causing an increase in GSH, CAT and SOD levels and decreased formation of TBARS (p < 0.01). In addition, histopathological damage increased with CCl4 treatment. In contrast, HP treatment eliminated the effects of CCl4 and stimulated anti-apoptotic events, as characterized by reduced caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity can be prevented with HP treatment. Thus, co-administration of HP with CCl4 may be useful for attenuating the negative effects of CCl4 on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Çetin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Osman Çiftçi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ali Otlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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El-Tantawy WH, Sabry D, Abd Al Haleem EN. Comparative study of antifibrotic activity of some magnesium-containing supplements on experimental liver toxicity. Molecular study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:47-56. [PMID: 27151930 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2016.1172083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen that occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of different magnesium (Mg)-containing supplements (formulations A, B, and C) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of rats with CCl4 (1:1 in olive oil, 2 mL/kg, three times/week) for 4 weeks, and then rats were orally treated with different Mg-containing supplements (formulations A, B, and C) once daily for another one month. Liver fibrosis was quantified by evaluation of expressions of Collagen I, transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1), platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C), nuclear factor kappa-β (NF-κβ), and measurement of hepatic collagen (hydroxyproline) level. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were estimated. RESULTS CCl4 administration significantly elevated expressions of the studied genes, hepatic hydroxyproline, MDA, and NO levels and caused depletion of GSH level, decreased SOD, and GST activities when compared with those of their corresponding control, p < 0.05. All magnesium supplements significantly inhibited expressions of the studied genes and attenuated the hepatic hydroxyproline level as compared with those of CCl4-treated group; p < 0.05; for NF-κβ, the highest inhibition was by formulations B and C. Regarding Collagen I, TGFβ1, and hepatic hydroxyproline content, the highest inhibition was by Formulation C, and Formulation A revealed highest inhibition for PDGF-C. All magnesium supplements revealed normalization of oxidant and antioxidants parameters. Histopathological examination supports the biochemical and molecular findings. CONCLUSION Mg supplements were effective in the treatment of hepatic CCl4-induced fibrosis-rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Sabry
- b Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , and
| | - Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem
- c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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Hepatoprotective effect of grape seed oil against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver of γ-irradiated rat. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:1-10. [PMID: 27085796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and ionizing radiation are well known environmental pollutants that generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress. The liver is the primary and major target organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs, toxic chemicals and affected by irradiation. This study investigated the effect of grape seed oil (GSO) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in γ-irradiated rats (7Gy). CCl4-intoxicated rats exhibited an elevation of ALT, AST activities, IL-6 and TNF-α level in the serum. Further, the levels of MDA, NO, NF-κB and the gene expression of CYP2E1, iNOS and Caspase-3 were increased, and SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GST activities and GSH content were decreased. Furthermore, silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1) gene expression was markedly down-regulated. Additionally, alterations of the trace elements; copper, manganese, zinc and DNA fragmentation was observed in the hepatic tissues of the intoxicated group. These effects were augmented in CCl4-intoxicated-γ-irradiated rats. However, the administration of GSO ameliorated these parameters. GSO exhibit protective effects on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in γ-irradiated rats that could be attributed to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. The induction of the antioxidant enzymes activities, down-regulation of the CYP2E1, iNOS, Caspase-3 and NF-κB expression, up-regulation of the trace elements concentration levels and activation of SIRT1 gene expression are responsible for the improvement of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in the hepatic tissues and could be claimed to be the hepatoprotective mechanism of GSO.
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Preclinical Models for Investigation of Herbal Medicines in Liver Diseases: Update and Perspective. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4750163. [PMID: 26941826 PMCID: PMC4749812 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4750163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease results from a dynamic pathological process associated with cellular and genetic alterations, which may progress stepwise to liver dysfunction. Commonly, liver disease begins with hepatocyte injury, followed by persistent episodes of cellular regeneration, inflammation, and hepatocyte death that may ultimately lead to nonreversible liver failure. For centuries, herbal remedies have been used for a variety of liver diseases and recent studies have identified the active compounds that may interact with liver disease-associated targets. Further study on the herbal remedies may lead to the formulation of next generation medicines with hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer properties. Still, the pharmacological actions of vast majority of herbal remedies remain unknown; thus, extensive preclinical studies are important. In this review, we summarize progress made over the last five years of the most commonly used preclinical models of liver diseases that are used to screen for curative herbal medicines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and liver. We also summarize the proposed mechanisms associated with the observed liver-protective, antifibrotic, and anticancer actions of several promising herbal medicines and discuss the challenges faced in this research field.
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Szweda M, Szarek J, Lew M, Szarek-Bęska A, Gulda D. Can liquorice extract and herbal solution prevent colonic mucosa damage caused by robenacoxib in dogs? Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 18:793-8. [PMID: 26812822 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in animals, especially in dogs, to manage pain due to inflammatory disease. This study investigated whether plant drugs can prevent mucosal injury induced by robenacoxib. We used fifteen healthy beagle dogs (7 male and 8 female) aged 4 months, weighing 4.2-5.1 kg at the beginning of the study. Endoscopy and biopsy of the colon were performed before and on the 21 day treatment with robenacoxib (1), robenacoxib, herbal solution with liquorice extract (2), placebo - an empty capsule (3). There were 5 animals in each group. The greatest microscopic damage in the colon was observed in animals which received robenacoxib. Plant drug administration reduced the severity of lesions in the colon when administered with robenacoxib (ARI = - 0.15). CONCLUSION concurrent administration of liquorice extract and plant solution with robenacoxib was associated with significant decreased severity of the robenacoxib-induced colonic mucosal lesions.
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Jung JC, Lee YH, Kim SH, Kim KJ, Kim KM, Oh S, Jung YS. Hepatoprotective effect of licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, in alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:19. [PMID: 26801973 PMCID: PMC4722619 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-0997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous study suggested that licorice has anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells and anti-oxidative activity in tert-butyl hydroperoxide–induced oxidative liver damage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of licorice on chronic alcohol-induced fatty liver injury mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods Raw licorice was extracted, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of its components was performed by using LC–MS/MS. Mice were fed a liquid alcohol diet with or without licorice for 4 weeks. Results We have standardized 70 % fermented ethanol extracted licorice and confirmed by LC-MS/MS as glycyrrhizic acid (GA), 15.77 ± 0.34 μg/mg; liquiritin (LQ), 14.55 ± 0.42 μg/mg; and liquiritigenin (LG), 1.34 ± 0.02 μg/mg, respectively. Alcohol consumption increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and the levels of triglycerides and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Lipid accumulation in the liver was also markedly induced, whereas the glutathione level was reduced. All these alcohol-induced changes were effectively inhibited by licorice treatment. In particular, the hepatic glutathione level was restored and alcohol-induced TNF-α production was significantly inhibited by licorice. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggests that protective effect of licorice against alcohol-induced liver injury may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity and enhancement of antioxidant defense. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-0997-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lien DTP. HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TOFU PROCESSED FROM GERMINATED SOYBEAN ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED CHRONIC LIVER INJURY IN MICE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3153/jfhs17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abdel-Moneim AM, Al-Kahtani MA, El-Kersh MA, Al-Omair MA. Free Radical-Scavenging, Anti-Inflammatory/Anti-Fibrotic and Hepatoprotective Actions of Taurine and Silymarin against CCl4 Induced Rat Liver Damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144509. [PMID: 26659465 PMCID: PMC4676695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of taurine (TAU) alone or in combination with silymarin (SIL) on CCl4-induced liver damage. Twenty five male rats were randomized into 5 groups: normal control (vehicle treated), toxin control (CCl4 treated), CCl4+TAU, CCl4+SIL and CCl4+TAU+SIL. CCl4 provoked significant increases in the levels of hepatic TBARS, NO and NOS compared to control group, but the levels of endogenous antioxidants such as SOD, GPx, GR, GST and GSH were significantly decreased. Serum pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-6, leptin and resistin were increased while the anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) cytokine was decreased in all treated rats. Our results also showed that CCl4 induced an increase in liver injury parameters like serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and bilirubin. In addition, a significant increase in liver tissue hydroxyproline (a major component of collagen) was detected in rats exposed to CCl4. Moreover, the concentrations of serum TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C and FFA were significantly increased by CCl4. Both TAU and SIL (i.e., antioxidants) post-treatments were effectively able to relieve most of the above mentioned imbalances. However, the combination therapy was more effective than single applications in reducing TBARS levels, NO production, hydroxyproline content in fibrotic liver and the activity of serum GGT. Combined treatment (but not TAU- or SIL-alone) was also able to effectively prevent CCl4-induced decrease in adiponectin serum levels. Of note, the combined post-treatment with TAU+SIL (but not monotherapy) normalized serum FFA in CCl4-treated rats. The biochemical results were confirmed by histological and ultrastructural changes as compared to CCl4-poisoned rats. Therefore, on the basis of our work, TAU may be used in combination with SIL as an additional adjunct therapy to cure liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M. Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Kahtani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. El-Kersh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Omair
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
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Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1868-86. [PMID: 26462981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of various species of the perennial herb licorice (Glycyrrhiza) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. In experimental and clinical studies, licorice has been shown to have several pharmacological properties including antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. In recent years, several of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of licorice and its active components have also been demonstrated in experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the new phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological data from recent experimental and clinical studies of licorice and its bioactive constituents after our previous published review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran
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Shang YX, Zhao Y, Qiu HY, Chang JJ, Chen YZ, Zhang HY. Effects of a Food Ingredient Group on Oxidative Stress in Lead-Poisoned Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000433469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sen S, Chakraborty R, Thangavel G, Logaiyan S. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Karisalai Karpam, a polyherbal Siddha formulation against acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in rats. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:198-202. [PMID: 26283804 PMCID: PMC4535067 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.160863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The usage of Siddha medicine in Tamil Nadu and several parts of Southern India has considerably increased over the past two decades and it is steadily crossing the various geographies owing to its inexpensiveness compared to conventional medicines and has fairly high acceptance rates because of its herbal origin and therefore its nontoxic nature. Aim: This study aims to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic and antioxidant potential of the Karisalai Karpam formulation. Materials and Methods: Karisalai Karpam tablet at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o. doses were administered orally to rats for three consecutive days. Single dose of acetaminophen (3 g/kg, p.o.) was administered on the 3rd day. Animals were sacrificed 48 h after the administration of acetaminophen, and their serum bilirubin, different hepatic enzymes and in vivo antioxidant activity were estimated. Statistical Analysis: Data were evaluated using analysis of variance, followed by Tukey tests. A level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Pretreatment with Karisalai Karpam tablet showed dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity. Karisalai Karpam tablet (200 mg/kg) reduces serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, direct bilirubin by 67.8%, 72.3%, 47.6%, 61.3% and 62.9% respectively compared to disease control group. A significant increase (P < 0.001) in antioxidant enzyme level was observed in Karisalai Karpam treated animals. At higher doses, Karisalai Karpam prevented the depletion of glutathione in liver tissue. Conclusion: Results confirmed that Karisalai Karpam tablet could protect the liver against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage possibly by increasing the antioxidant defence mechanism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Sen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ganesh Thangavel
- R&D Division, SKM Siddha and Ayurveda Company (India) Limited, Modakurichi, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Logaiyan
- R&D Division, SKM Siddha and Ayurveda Company (India) Limited, Modakurichi, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
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Park JE, Lee DK, Kim KT, Seo JG, Chung MJ, Ha NJ, Park JB, Kim K. Hepatoprotective effects of dual-coated and uncoated mixture of probiotics in rats. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1063452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Rasool M, Malik A, Khan KM, Qureshi MS, Shabbir B, Zahid S, Asif M, Manan A, Rashid S, Khan SR, Arsalan HM, Alam R, Arooj M, Qazi MH, Chaudhary AGA, Abuzenadah AM, Al-Qahtani MH, Karim S. Assessment of biochemical and antioxidative status in patients suffering from dengue fever. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:411-418. [PMID: 26072082 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A multi-centred study was designed to collect dengue epidemiologic data from government and registered private hospitals/clinics and maintained archive of frozen specimens in bio-bank to be used for future dengue epidemic control program, and assess the epidemiology of dengue fever (DF) by evaluating biochemical and oxidative status of patients. ELISA IgM antibodies test was done to confirm DF. From August 2010 to December 2011, 101 confirmed blood samples of DF patients referred to pathology lab of Jinnah Hospital Lahore were subjected to the epidemiologic assessment by evaluating the biochemical and physiological indices and alterations of circulating antioxidants. Clinical features of DF patients and effect of fever on blood components and serum proteins of liver were recorded. The hospital stay in DF, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) showed significant difference. Significant increases in serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) (P=0.000), aspartate amino transferase (AST) (P=0.000), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P=0.000), malondialdehyde (MDA) along with significant decreases in total protein (TP) (P=0.000), reduced glutathione (GSH) (P=0.000), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) (P=0.000), and sialic acid contents (P=0.016) were observed. A positive correlation existed between bound sialic acid levels, liver enzymes and circulating antioxidants (r=0.656, P=0.016). In the present study, alterations of circulating antioxidants in DF suggest that DF might be a metabolic response to an acute, self-limiting tropical viral infection, and a consequence of the viral inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmud Khan
- Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Sir Gangaram Hospital Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Qureshi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Shabbir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Zahid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Manan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Rashid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Rubab Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rabail Alam
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Arooj
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Husain Qazi
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine, the University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Gulzar Ahmed Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Mohammed Abuzenadah
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Adetoro KO, Bolanle JD, Abdullahi SB, Ahmed OA. In vivo antioxidant effect of aqueous root bark, stem bark and leaves extracts of Vitex doniana in CCl4 induced liver damage rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 3:395-400. [PMID: 23646304 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antioxidant effects of aqueous root bark, stem bark and leaves of Vitex doniana (V. doniana) were evaluated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage and non induced liver damage albino rats. METHODS A total of 60 albino rats (36 induced liver damage and 24 non induced liver damage) were assigned into liver damage and non liver damage groups of 6 rats in a group. The animals in the CCl4 induced liver damage groups, were induced by intraperitoneal injection with a single dose of CCl4 (148 mg·ml(-1)·kg(-1) body weight) as a 1:1 (v/v) solution in olive oil and were fasted for 36 h before the subsequent treatment with aqueous root bark, stem bark and leaves extracts of V. doniana and vitamin E as standard drug (100 mg/kg body weighy per day) for 21 d, while the animals in the non induced groups were only treated with the daily oral administration of these extracts at the same dose. The administration of CCl4 was done once a week for a period of three weeks. RESULTS The liver of CCl4 induced not treated group showed that the induction with CCl4, significantly (P<0.05) increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and significantly (P<0.05) decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). However there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between TBARS, SOD and CAT in the liver of the induced treated groups and normal control group. In the kidney, TBARS showed no significant (P>0.05) difference between the normal and the induced groups, SOD was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the CCl4 group compared to standard drug and normal control groups, CAT was significantly (P<0.05) increased in root and vitamin E groups when compared to induced not treated group. The studies also showed that when the extracts were administered to normal animals, there was no significant (P>0.05) change in the liver and kidney level of TBARS, SOD and CAT compared with the normal control except in the kidney of animals treated with stem extract where TBARS was significantly (P<0.05) lowered compared to control group. CONCLUSION The result of the present study suggests that application of V. doniana plant would play an important role in increasing the antioxidant effect and reducing the oxidative damage that formed both in liver and in kidney tissues. However stem bark has potential to improve renal function in normal rats.
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Singh D, Arya PV, Sharma A, Dobhal MP, Gupta RS. Modulatory potential of α-amyrin against hepatic oxidative stress through antioxidant status in Wistar albino rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 161:186-193. [PMID: 25542388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE α-Amyrin (a pentacyclic triterpene widely distributed in nature and isolated from a variety of plant sources and pharmacologically shown a wide spectrum of activity including anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-tumor, and hepatoprotective actions) explored as hepatomodulator from the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Alstonia scholaris Linn. against CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative stress through antioxidant status in wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental rats, hepato-oxidatively stressed by CCl4 (0.2 ml/kg b wt/twice a week, intra-peritoneally), were concurrently received α-amyrin (20mg/kg body weight/day, orally) for 30 consecutive days. Hepatomodulatory potential was assessed by using the serum- markers like γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST, ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and total bilirubin, total protein, glutathione reduced (GSH), ceruloplasmin, β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E in serum concomitantly with the hepatic-antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and 5´-nucleotidase, acid ribonuclease, glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome-P-450 in liver tissue whereas lipid peroxidation (LPO) was estimated in both serum and liver contents. RESULTS The assessment of all biochemical parameters registered a significant (P<0.001) hepatic oxidative stress in CCl4 treated rats, which was considerably recovered near to almost normal level in rats co-administered with α-amyrin at the dose level of 20mg/kg body weight/day for 30 consecutive days. The histoarchitectural examination of liver sections from treated groups further corroborated the hepatomodulatory potential of α-amyrin and compared with standard drug-silymarin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the modulatory potential of α-amyrin against hepatic oxidative stress possibly involve mechanism related to its ability to block the P-450 mediated CCl4 bioactivation through selective inhibitors of ROS (reactive oxygen species) as antioxidants brought about significant inhibition of the formation of LPO suggesting possible involvement of O2(●-), HO2, HO2(●-), H2O2 and •OH. Therefore this study suggests that the use of α-amyrin as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 055, India; Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India
| | - P V Arya
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 055, India
| | - M P Dobhal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 055, India
| | - R S Gupta
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 055, India.
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Antioxidant Potential of Plumieride against CCl₄-Induced Peroxidative Damage in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:798-813. [PMID: 26785241 PMCID: PMC4665498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of a new potent as an antioxidant from natural sources, plumieride—an iridoid isolated from the methanol extract of the bark of Plumeria bicolor (family Apocynaceae) was evaluated for its antioxidant potential against CCl4-induced peroxidative damage in liver of rats. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by using hepatic tissue for SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GSH (reduced glutathione), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase) and LPO (lipid peroxidation) alongwith the concomitant blood serum for AST & ALT (aspartate and alanine transaminases), GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin and total protein contents. All the biochemical parameters were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) altered by CCl4 (0.3 mL/kg body weight/twice a week, intra-peritoneally for 30 days). Simultaneously, oral treatment with plumieride (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days), restored all the parameters towards a normal level, remarkably. The histological findings of liver sections further corroborated the antioxidant potential of plumieride compared with standard drug-silymarin. In conclusion, plumieride consists of sugar molecules, which have alcoholic groups. Therefore, the alcoholic groups of sugar increase its antioxidant potential through intermolecular hydrogen bonding along with the thiol(SH) group of non-protein thiols and enzymes resulting in the restoration of the antioxidant system. Therefore, it might be considered a natural antioxidant against peroxidative damage in rats.
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81
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Singh D, Arya PV, Aggarwal VP, Gupta RS. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:569-91. [PMID: 26785072 PMCID: PMC4665414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves were investigated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatotoxic rats were treated with ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera for a period of 60 days at the following three dose levels; 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day, orally. The activities were studied by assaying the serum marker enzymes like SGOT, SGPT, GGT, LDH, ALP, ACP, as well as total bilirubin, total protein and albumin in serum concomitantly with the activities of LPO, SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and GPx in liver. The activities of all parameters registered a significant (p ≤ 0.001) alteration in CCl4 treated rats, which were significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in rats co-administered with M. oleifera extract in a dose-dependent manner. All the biochemical investigations were confirmed by the histopathological observations and compared with the standard drug. silymarin. Results suggest that the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of M. oleifera leaves are possibly related to the free radical scavenging activity which might be due to the presence of total phenolics and flavonoids in the extract and/or the purified compounds β-sitosterol, quercetin and kaempferol, which were isolated from the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 055, India.
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.
| | - Priya Vrat Arya
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.
| | - Ved Prakash Aggarwal
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.
| | - Radhey Shyam Gupta
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 055, India.
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82
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Alok S, Jain SK, Verma A, Kumar M, Mahor A, Sabharwal M. Herbal antioxidant in clinical practice: a review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:78-84. [PMID: 24144136 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant-the word itself is magic. Using the antioxidant concept as a spearhead in proposed mechanisms for staving off so-called "free-radical" reactions, the rush is on to mine claims for the latest and most effective combination of free-radical scavenging compounds. We must acknowledge that such "radicals" have definitively been shown to damage all biochemical components such as DNA/RNA, carbohydrates, unsaturated lipids, proteins, and micronutrients such as carotenoids (alpha and beta carotene, lycopene), vitamins A, B6, B12, and folate. Defense strategies against such aggressive radical species include enzymes, antioxidants that occur naturally in the body (glutathione, uric acid, ubiquinol-10, and others) and radical scavenging nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, and E, and carotenoids. This paper will present a brief discussion of some well- and little-known herbs that may add to the optimization of antioxidant status and therefore offer added preventive values for overall health. It is important to state at the outset that antioxidants vary widely in their free-radical quenching effects and each may be individually attracted to specific cell sites. Further evidence of the specialized nature of the carotenoids is demonstrated by the appearance of two carotenoids in the macula region of the retina where beta-carotene is totally absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Alok
- Institute Of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.), India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences-Deemed University, Allahabad, U.P. India.
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83
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Manubolu M, Goodla L, Ravilla S, Thanasekaran J, Dutta P, Malmlöf K, Obulum VR. Protective effect of Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link. against CCl₄ induced oxidative stress in albino rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:744-752. [PMID: 24680994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Actiniopteris radiata is a herb with great medicinal value and is evaluated for hepatoprotective activity. To investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Actiniopteris radiata (EEAR) on CCl₄ induced oxidative stress in male Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS EEAR were administered for 8 consecutive weeks to rats. Group I - control; Group II - toxin control (30% CCl₄); Group III and Group IV received EEAR (250 and 500 mg/kg respectively). Antioxidant status in liver were estimated by determining the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); as well as by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, isoenzyme pattern and mRNA expression of the antioxidants were studied. Partial characterization of EEAR was performed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS CCl₄ induced oxidative stress as evidenced from increase in LPO along with reduction of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH. Treatment with EEAR (250 and 500 mg/kg) mitigated the CCl₄ induced oxidative stress. An analysis of the isozyme pattern of these antioxidant enzymes revealed variations in SOD2, CAT, GPx2 and GPx3 in CCl₄ treated rats, which were normalized after EEAR treatment. Furthermore, expression of genes for the antioxidant enzymes, were down-regulated by CCl₄ treatment, which were reversed by EEAR. The results of partial characterization of EEAR by LC-MS revealed the presence of rutin and other 7 unknown phenolic derivatives. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the protective effect of EEAR against CCl₄ induced oxidative stress might be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Manubolu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7011, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India.
| | - Lavanya Goodla
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India; Natural Products Research Centre, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Sivajyothi Ravilla
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India
| | - Jayakumar Thanasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Paresh Dutta
- Department of Food Science and Food Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden
| | - Kjell Malmlöf
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7011, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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84
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Kim Y, You Y, Yoon HG, Lee YH, Kim K, Lee J, Kim MS, Kim JC, Jun W. Hepatoprotective effects of fermented Curcuma longa L. on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem 2014; 151:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yin XD, Jia PJ, Pang Y, He JH. Protective effect of FTY720 on several markers of liver injury induced by concanavalin a in mice. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 73:140-9. [PMID: 24653516 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl] propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (FTY720) is a novel agent with protective effect on several markers of liver injury. It is a chemical substance derived by modifying myriocin from the ascomycete Isaria sinclairii. It has been reported that FTY720 is able to treat autoimmune encephalomyelitis, renal cancer, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. More potent clinical applications of FTY720 need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of FTY720 on several markers of experimental liver injury and to investigate the possible mechanism of action. METHODS Concanavalin A (Con A) at a dose of 15 mg/kg was intravenously. injected in mice, and 10 days before the Con A challenge, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 6 mg/kg of FTY720 were administered to mice. The liver injury was monitored biochemically by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. TNF-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in liver tissue were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS FTY720, when administered intragastrically for 10 days in mice with Con A-induced liver injury, dose-dependently reduced serum ALT and AST and TNF-α levels. The differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). It was also found that FTY720 decreases TNF-α and NF-κB protein expression in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS FTY720 is able to improve several markers of Con A-induced liver injury in mice, including serum ALT, serum AST, TNF-α, and NF-κB, which might be at least in part related to its ability to reduce TNF-α/NF-κB cascade activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei-Jie Jia
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Hua He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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86
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Rahim SM, Taha EM, Al-janabi MS, Al-douri BI, Simon KD, Mazlan AG. Hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus aqueous extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced liver injury in male rats. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:447-51. [PMID: 25435631 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) a tropical perennial herb plant that is widely cultivated to be eaten either fresh with food or dried in tea or soft drink has been reported to possess a number of medicinal and aromatic properties. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of C. citratus aqueous extract against liver injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five different groups of five animals in each group; (1) Control. (2) Received H2O2 (0.5%) with drinking water. (3), and (4) received H2O2 and C. citratus (100 mg·kg(-1) b wt), vitamin C (250 mg·kg(-1) b wt) respectively. (5), was given C. citratus alone. The treatments were administered for 30 days. Blood samples were collected and serum was used for biochemical assay including liver enzymes activities, total protein, total bilirubin and malonaldehyde, glutathione in serum and liver homogenates. Liver was excised and routinely processed for histological examinations. RESULTS C. citratus attenuated liver damage due to H2O2 administration as indicated by the significant reduction (p<0.05), in the elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, TB, and MDA in serum and liver homogenates; increase in TP and GSH levels in serum and liver homogenates; and improvement of liver histo-pathological changes. These effects of the extract were similar to that of vitamin C which used as antioxidant reference. CONCLUSION C. citratus could effectively ameliorate H2O2-induced oxidative stress and prevent liver injury in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Muhammad Rahim
- Dept.of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Tikrit, 34001Tikrit,Salah Aldeen, Iraq ; School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia
| | - Ekhlass Muhi Taha
- Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Muneef Saeb Al-janabi
- Dept.of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Tikrit, 34001Tikrit,Salah Aldeen, Iraq
| | - Bushra Ismael Al-douri
- Dept.of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Tikrit, 34001Tikrit,Salah Aldeen, Iraq
| | - Kumar Das Simon
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia
| | - Abd Gaffar Mazlan
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia
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87
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Current understanding on antihepatocarcinoma effects of xiao chai hu tang and its constituents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:529458. [PMID: 23853661 PMCID: PMC3703324 DOI: 10.1155/2013/529458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xiao Chai Hu Tang (XCHT), a compound formula originally recorded in an ancient Chinese medical book Shanghanlun, has been used to treat chronic liver diseases for a long period of time in China. Although extensive studies have been demonstrated the efficacy of this formula to treat chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocarcinoma, how it works against these diseases still awaits full understanding. Here, we firstly present an overview arranging from the entire formula to mechanism studies of single herb in XCHT and their active components, from a new perspective of "separation study," and we tried our best to both detailedly and systematically organize the antihepatocarcinoma effects of it, hoping that the review will facilitate the strive on elucidating how XCHT elicits its antihepatocarcinoma role.
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88
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The protective effect of silymarin on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:155-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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89
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Han ZH, Ye JM, Wang GF. Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant activity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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90
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Wang R, Yu XY, Guo ZY, Wang YJ, Wu Y, Yuan YF. Inhibitory effects of salvianolic acid B on CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis through regulating NF-κB/IκBα signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:592-598. [PMID: 23041223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatic fibrosis, a precursor of liver cirrhosis, is a consequence of severe liver damage that occurs in many patients with chronic liver diseases. Salvianolic acid B (SA-B) is one of water soluble compounds derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese) widely used for chronic liver diseases. In this study we investigated the protective effects of SA-B on CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). Rats were divided into four groups, including normal controls (N group), model (M group), low SA-B of 10mg/kg body weight (L group), or high SA-B of 20mg/kg body weight (H group). After 6 weeks, macroscopic features of the liver and weight ratio of liver to body were measured. Liver fibrosis of the rats was evaluated by HE and Massion staining. Activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were checked with automated biochemistry analyzer. Serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), type IV collagen (IV-C), Laminin (LN) and procollagen III peptide (PIIIP) were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The expression of NF-κB and IκBα was detected by western blotting. RESULTS SA-B was shown to reduce CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. The serum levels of ALT, AST, and TBIL were significantly lower in the SA-B treatment groups than in the M group. Compared the M group, the serum levels of HA, LN, IV-C and PIIIP were decreased markedly after treatment with SA-B, especially in the H group. Treatment with SA-B at 10-20mg/kg (L and N groups, respectively) dose-dependently decreased the expression of NF-κB in the nucleolus and increased the expression levels of NF-κB and IκBα protein in the cytoplasm compared to that of the M group. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that SA-B could prevent the progression of liver angiogenesis and alleviate liver fibrosis possibly by regulating the expression of NF-κB and IκBα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, NO.3 People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
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91
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Sakr SA, Shalaby SY. Carbendazim-induced testicular damage and oxidative stress in albino rats: ameliorative effect of licorice aqueous extract. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:259-67. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712456059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbendazim is a broad spectrum carbamate fungicide used in the control of various fungal pathogens. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in oriental nations. The present work studied the effect of licorice aqueous extract on carbendazim-induced testicular toxicity in albino rats. Administration of carbendazim induced significant decrease in testis weight, diameter, and germinal epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules. Histological results revealed degeneration of seminiferous tubules, loss of spermatogenic cells, and apoptosis. Moreover, carbendazim caused elevation of testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), marker of lipid peroxidation, and reduced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Coadministration of licorice extract with carbendazim improved the histomorphological and histopathological changes observed in animals treated with carbendazim. In addition, licorice treatment leads to a significant decrease in the level of MDA and increase in the activities of SOD and CAT. According to the present results, it is concluded that licorice aqueous extract can improve the testicular toxicity of carbendazim and this effect may be attributed to antioxidant properties of one or more of its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber A Sakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt
| | - Somaya Y Shalaby
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt
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92
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Conceição EPS, Franco JG, Oliveira E, Resende AC, Amaral TAS, Peixoto-Silva N, Passos MCF, Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Oxidative stress programming in a rat model of postnatal early overnutrition--role of insulin resistance. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:81-7. [PMID: 22819562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal early overfeeding (EO) is related to later development of overweight and other metabolic disorders. As oxidative stress is implicated in most human diseases, as obesity and diabetes, we decided to study some parameters related to oxidative stress and insulin signaling in liver from EO animals in adult life. To induce EO, litter size was reduced to three pups per litter (SL: small litter) and groups with normal litter size (NL:10 pups per litter) were used as control. After weaning, rats had free access to standard diet and water. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily and offspring were killed at 180 days-old. Significant differences had P<.05 or less. As expected, SL rats had hyperphagia, higher body weight and higher visceral fat mass at weaning and adulthood. In liver, postnatal EO programmed for lower catalase (-42%), superoxide dismutase (-45%) and glutathione peroxidase (-65%) activities. The evaluation of liver injury in adult SL group showed lower nitrite content (-10%), higher liver and plasma malondialdehyde content (+25% and 1.1-fold increase, respectively). No changes of total protein bound carbonyl or Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase protein expression in liver were detected between the groups. Regarding insulin signaling pathway in liver, SL offspring showed lower IRβ (-66%), IRS1 (-50%), phospho-IRS1 (-73%), PI3-K (-30%) and Akt1 (-58%). Indeed, morphological analysis showed that SL rats presented focal areas of inflammatory cell infiltrate and lipid drops in their cytoplasm characterizing a microsteatosis. Thus, we evidenced that postnatal EO can program the oxidative stress in liver, maybe contributing for impairment of the insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen P S Conceição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
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93
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Simplified analysis of lipoprotein lipase activity: Evaluation of lipasemic activity of low molecular weight heparin in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1107-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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94
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Snelten CS, Dietz B, Bolton JL. Modulation of Estrogen Chemical Carcinogenesis by Botanical Supplements used for Postmenopausal Women's Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9. [PMID: 24223609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer risk has been associated with long-term estrogen exposure including traditional hormone therapy (HT, formally hormone replacement therapy). To avoid traditional HT and associated risks, women have been turning to botanical supplements such as black cohosh, red clover, licorice, hops, dong gui, and ginger to relieve menopausal symptoms despite a lack of efficacy evidence. The mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenesis involve both hormonal and chemical pathways. Botanical supplements could protect women from estrogen carcinogenesis by modulating key enzymatic steps [aromatase, P4501B1, P4501A1, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging] in estradiol metabolism leading to estrogen carcinogenesis as outlined in Figure 1. This review summarizes the influence of popular botanical supplements used for women's health on these key steps in the estrogen chemical carcinogenesis pathway, and suggests that botanical supplements may have added chemopreventive benefits by modulating estrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Snelten
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research in Women's Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois, 60612-7231
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