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Rodil A, Laca A, Paredes B, Rendueles M, Meana Á, Díaz M. Gels prepared from egg yolk and its fractions for tissue engineering. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1577-1583. [PMID: 27602804 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New biomaterials prepared from egg yolk and its main fractions (plasma and granules) have been developed for use in tissue engineering. Protein gels obtained via transglutaminase cross-linking were characterized by rheometry, texturometry and scanning electron microscopy. All the gels exhibited suitable physical and mechanical characteristics for use as potential biomaterials in skin regeneration. Specifically, results showed that these materials presented a compact, uniform structure, with granular gel being found to be the most resistant as well as the most elastic material. Accordingly, these gels were subsequently evaluated as scaffolds for murine fibroblast growth. The best results were obtained with granule gels. Not only adhesion and cell growth were detected when using these gels, but also continuous coatings of cells growing on their surface. These findings can be attributed to the higher protein content of this fraction and to the particular structure of its proteins. Thus, granules have proved to be an interesting potential raw material for scaffold development. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1577-1583, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodil
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Amanda Laca
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Benjamín Paredes
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Álvaro Meana
- Community Center of Blood and Tissues of the Princedom of Asturias, C/Emilio Rodriguez Vigil s/n, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
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Katagiri S, Park K, Maeda Y, Rao TN, Khamaisi M, Li Q, Yokomizo H, Mima A, Lancerotto L, Wagers A, Orgill DP, King GL. Overexpressing IRS1 in Endothelial Cells Enhances Angioblast Differentiation and Wound Healing in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2016; 65:2760-71. [PMID: 27217486 PMCID: PMC5001189 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of enhancing insulin's actions in endothelial cells (ECs) to improve angiogenesis and wound healing was studied in obesity and diabetes. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) was overexpressed in ECs using the VE-cadherin promoter to create ECIRS1 TG mice, which elevated pAkt activation and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Flk1, and VE-cadherin in ECs and granulation tissues (GTs) of full-thickness wounds. Open wound and epithelialization rates and angiogenesis significantly improved in normal mice and high fat (HF) diet-induced diabetic mice with hyperinsulinemia in ECIRS1 TG versus wild type (WT), but not in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. Increased angioblasts and EC numbers in GT of ECIRS1 mice were due to proliferation in situ rather than uptake. GT in HF-fed diabetic mice exhibited parallel decreases in insulin and VEGF-induced pAkt and EC numbers by >50% without changes in angioblasts versus WT mice, which were improved in ECIRS1 TG mice on normal chow or HF diet. Thus, HF-induced diabetes impaired angiogenesis by inhibiting insulin signaling in GT to decrease the differentiation of angioblasts to EC, which was normalized by enhancing insulin's action targeted to EC, a potential target to improve wound healing in diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Katagiri
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yasutaka Maeda
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Havard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Li
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Akira Mima
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luca Lancerotto
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Havard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George L King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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53
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Zuo Y, Yu X, Lu S. Dermal Fibroblasts from Different Layers of Pig Skin Exhibit Different Profibrotic and Morphological Characteristics. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1585-1599. [PMID: 27518880 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies of human dermal fibroblast (DF) heterogeneity have long been reported, yet in vivo studies and related research on animals are rare. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the DFs of pigs exhibit heterogeneity and to identify an animal model for the in vivo study of DF heterogeneity. The skin of three female red Duroc pigs (FRDPs) was separated into six layers, and the second and fifth layers (i.e., the superficial and deep dermis) were used in the establishment of wound models and cell cultures. To create the wound models, 54 tongue-shaped flaps were created on one side of the dorsum, and the underlying dermis was then fully replaced with the superficial or deep dermis (the superficial and deep groups, respectively). Skin samples were harvested at postoperative weeks 1, 2, and 3 for measurements of the normal and wounded skin thicknesses. Cells cultured from the superficial and deep dermis (i.e., superficial and deep DFs) were subjected to quantitative estimation of collagen and electron microscopy. The wounded skin thickness in the deep group was significantly greater than that in the superficial group. In contrast with the long deep DFs, the superficial DFs were short and exhibited microvilli-like cell surface projections. Compared with the superficial DFs, the deep DFs exhibited a greater density of rough endoplasmic reticulum and produced significantly more collagen. Similar to humans, FRDPs exhibit DF heterogeneity and should thus be a good animal model for in vivo studies of DF heterogeneity. Anat Rec, 299:1585-1599, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Zuo
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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54
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Dönmez Güngüneş Ç, Şeker Ş, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. A comparative study on the in vitro cytotoxic responses of two mammalian cell types to fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and iron oxide nanoparticles. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:215-227. [PMID: 27424666 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1199563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the time- and dose-dependent cellular response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs), and mouse dermal fibroblasts (mDFs) to three different types of nanoparticles (NPs); fullerenes (C60), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles via in vitro toxicity methods, and impedance based biosensor system. NPs were characterized according to their morphology, structure, surface area, particle size distribution and zeta potential by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, dynamic light scattering and zeta sizer analyses. The Mössbauer spectroscopy was used in order to magnetically characterize the Fe3O4 NPs. The hPDLFs and mDFs were exposed to different concentrations of the NPs (0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) for predetermined time intervals (6, 24 and 48 h) under controlled conditions. Subsequently, NP exposed cells were tested for viability, membrane leakage and generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Additional to in vitro cytotoxicity assays, the cellular responses to selected NPs were determined in real time using an impedance based biosensor system. Taken together, information obtained from all experiments suggests that toxicity of the selected NPs is cell type, concentration and time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Dönmez Güngüneş
- a Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute , Ankara , Turkey and.,b Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Chemistry Department, Hitit University , Çorum , Turkey
| | - Şükran Şeker
- a Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- a Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- a Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute , Ankara , Turkey and
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Downey C, Requena L, Bagué S, Sánchez Martínez MÁ, Lloreta J, Baselga E. Agminated Fibroblastic Conective Tissue Nevus: A New Clinical Presentation. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:e240-3. [PMID: 27296971 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue nevi are benign hamartomatous lesions in which one or several of the components of the dermis (collagen, elastin, glicosaminoglycans) show predominance or depletion. Recently, de Feraudy et al broadened the spectrum of connective tissue nevus, describing fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN), which is characterized by proliferation of CD34(+) cells of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lineage. Only solitary papules and nodules have been described. We present the first case of FCTN with multiple agminated lesions on the leg of an infant and the difficulties encountered in the differential diagnosis with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Downey
- Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Bagué
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Lloreta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Arkhipova AY, Kotlyarova MC, Novichkova SG, Agapova OI, Kulikov DA, Kulikov AV, Drutskaya MS, Agapov II, Moisenovich MM. New Silk Fibroin-Based Bioresorbable Microcarriers. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:491-4. [PMID: 26899838 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated bioresorbable microcarriers from water solution of Bombyx mori silk fi broin. The microcarriers are 3D structures with intricate surface and pores allowing penetration of culture medium, gas exchange, and cell adhesion. Fibroin molecules form hydrophobic structures and normally have a negative charge, which stimulates migration, but inhibits cell adhesion and makes it less effective. In order to improve adhesion efficiency and velocity, gelatin (hydrophilic biopolymer with integrin-recognizing RGD sequence) was added to the microcarrier composition. The resultant bioresorbable microcarriers support adhesion and proliferation of 3T3 murine fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Arkhipova
- Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M C Kotlyarova
- Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Novichkova
- Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O I Agapova
- V. I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Kulikov
- M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kulikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Drutskaya
- V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - I I Agapov
- V. I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M M Moisenovich
- Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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57
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Khamaisi M, Katagiri S, Keenan H, Park K, Maeda Y, Li Q, Qi W, Thomou T, Eschuk D, Tellechea A, Veves A, Huang C, Orgill DP, Wagers A, King GL. PKCδ inhibition normalizes the wound-healing capacity of diabetic human fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:837-53. [PMID: 26808499 DOI: 10.1172/jci82788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal fibroblast function underlies poor wound healing in patients with diabetes; however, the mechanisms that impair wound healing are poorly defined. Here, we evaluated fibroblasts from individuals who had type 1 diabetes (T1D) for 50 years or more (Medalists, n = 26) and from age-matched controls (n = 7). Compared with those from controls, Medalist fibroblasts demonstrated a reduced migration response to insulin, lower VEGF expression, and less phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), but not p-ERK, activation. Medalist fibroblasts were also functionally less effective at wound closure in nude mice. Activation of the δ isoform of protein kinase C (PKCδ) was increased in postmortem fibroblasts from Medalists, fibroblasts from living T1D subjects, biopsies of active wounds of living T1D subjects, and granulation tissues from mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes-induced PKCD mRNA expression was related to a 2-fold increase in the mRNA half-life. Pharmacologic inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKCδ or expression of a dominant-negative isoform restored insulin signaling of p-AKT and VEGF expression in vitro and improved wound healing in vivo. Additionally, increasing PKCδ expression in control fibroblasts produced the same abnormalities as those seen in Medalist fibroblasts. Our results indicate that persistent PKCδ elevation in fibroblasts from diabetic patients inhibits insulin signaling and function to impair wound healing and suggest PKCδ inhibition as a potential therapy to improve wound healing in diabetic patients.
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58
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Abstract
Organ and tissue loss through disease and injury motivate the development of therapies that can regenerate tissues and decrease reliance on transplantations. Regenerative medicine, an interdisciplinary field that applies engineering and life science principles to promote regeneration, can potentially restore diseased and injured tissues and whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, a number of regenerative medicine therapies, including those designed for wound healing and orthopedics applications, have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and are now commercially available. These therapies and other regenerative medicine approaches currently being studied in preclinical and clinical settings will be covered in this review. Specifically, developments in fabricating sophisticated grafts and tissue mimics and technologies for integrating grafts with host vasculature will be discussed. Enhancing the intrinsic regenerative capacity of the host by altering its environment, whether with cell injections or immune modulation, will be addressed, as well as methods for exploiting recently developed cell sources. Finally, we propose directions for current and future regenerative medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo S Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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59
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Kang Y, Zhu Z, Zheng Y, Wan W, Manole CG, Zhang Q. Skin telocytes versus fibroblasts: two distinct dermal cell populations. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2530-9. [PMID: 26414534 PMCID: PMC4627559 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is already accepted that telocytes (TCs) represent a new type of interstitial cells in human dermis. In normal skin, TCs have particular spatial relations with different dermal structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles or segments of sebaceous and/or eccrine sweat glands. The distribution and the density of TCs is affected in various skin pathological conditions. Previous studies mentioned the particular (ultra)structure of TCs and also their immunophenotype, miR imprint or proteome, genome or secretome features. As fibroblast is the most common intersitital cell (also in human dermis), a dedicated comparison between human skin TCs and fibroblasts (Fbs) was required to be performed. In this study, using different techniques, we document several points of difference between human dermis TCs and Fbs. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we demonstrated TCs with their hallmark cellular prolongations - telopodes. Thus, we showed their ultrastructural distinctiveness from Fbs. By RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array V analyses performed on the supernatant from separately cultured TCs and Fbs, we detected the cytokine profile of both cell types, individually. Two of 79 detected cytokines - epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 - were 1.5 times higher in the supernatant of TCs (comparing with Fbs). On the other hand, 37 cytokines were at least 1.5 higher in Fbs supernatant (comparing with TCs), and among them six cytokines - interleukin 5, monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), MCP-4, macrophage inflammatory protein-3, angiogenin, thrombopoietin - being 9.5 times higher (results also confirmed by ELISA testing). In summary, using different techniques, we showed that human dermal TCs and Fbs are different in terms of ultrastructure and cytokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaihua Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- Department of Respirology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Catalin G Manole
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Albanova VI, Karamova AE, Chikin VV, Mineyeva AA. Medical cell technologies for treatment of patients suffering from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Method of intracutaneous administration of fibroblasts. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-3-46-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe inherited disease developing due to genetic abnormalities in the synthesis of Type VII collagen by fibroblasts. A low production rate of Type VII collagen and abnormalities related to the formation of anchoring fibrils weaken the epidermis and derma adhesion strength, which results in the formation of blisters or erosions in case of any mechanical injury. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes belong to the key sources of Type VII collagen in the skin. Application of allogeneic fibroblasts is a promising cell technique for treating RDEB patients. The therapeutic effect of fibroblasts intradermal administration is stipulated by high stability of newly synthesized Type VII collagen and its ability to form anchoring fibrils in the area of the dermoepidermal junction. According to experimental and clinical studies, it is possible to boost the content of Type VII collagen in the dermoepidermal junction area and heal long-term skin defects in RDEB patients by means of intradermal administration of allogeneic fibroblasts.
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61
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Park K. Role of micronutrients in skin health and function. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:207-17. [PMID: 25995818 PMCID: PMC4428712 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the first line of defense for protecting our bodies against external perturbations, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, mechanical/chemical stress, and bacterial infection. Nutrition is one of many factors required for the maintenance of overall skin health. An impaired nutritional status alters the structural integrity and biological function of skin, resulting in an abnormal skin barrier. In particular, the importance of micronutrients (such as certain vitamins and minerals) for skin health has been highlighted in cell culture, animal, and clinical studies. These micronutrients are employed not only as active compounds in therapeutic agents for treating certain skin diseases, but also as ingredients in cosmetic products. Here, the author describes the barrier function of the skin and the general nutritional requirements for skin health. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential roles and current knowledge of selected micronutrients in skin health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Park
- Department of Dermatology, Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)-VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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