51
|
Impedimetric Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 174:43-91. [PMID: 32313965 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impedimetric aptamer-based biosensors show high potential for handheld devices and point-of-care tests. In this review, we report on recent advances in aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors for applications in biotechnology. We detail on analytes relevant in medical and environmental biotechnology as well as food control, for which aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors were developed. The reviewed biosensors are examined for their performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and real sample validation. Additionally, the benefits and challenges of impedimetric aptasensors are summarized.
Collapse
|
52
|
Iannucci J, Renehan W, Grammas P. Thrombin, a Mediator of Coagulation, Inflammation, and Neurotoxicity at the Neurovascular Interface: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:762. [PMID: 32792902 PMCID: PMC7393221 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is staggering, with current estimates suggesting that 50 million people world-wide have AD. Identification of new therapeutic targets is a critical barrier to the development of disease-modifying therapies. A large body of data implicates vascular pathology and cardiovascular risk factors in the development of AD, indicating that there are likely shared pathological mediators. Inflammation plays a role in both cardiovascular disease and AD, and recent evidence has implicated elements of the coagulation system in the regulation of inflammation. In particular, the multifunctional serine protease thrombin has been found to act as a mediator of vascular dysfunction and inflammation in both the periphery and the central nervous system. In the periphery, thrombin contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and diabetes, by inducing endothelial dysfunction and related inflammation. In the brain, thrombin has been found to act on endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in a manner that promotes vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Thrombin is elevated in the AD brain, and thrombin signaling has been linked to both tau and amyloid beta, pathological hallmarks of the disease. In AD mouse models, inhibiting thrombin preserves cognition and endothelial function and reduces neuroinflammation. Evidence linking atrial fibrillation with AD and dementia indicates that anticoagulant therapy may reduce the risk of dementia, with targeting thrombin shown to be particularly effective. It is time for “outside-the-box” thinking about how vascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, as well as the coagulation and inflammatory pathways interact to promote increased AD risk. In this review, we present evidence that thrombin is a convergence point for AD risk factors and as such that thrombin-based therapeutics could target multiple points of AD pathology, including neurodegeneration, vascular activation, and neuroinflammation. The urgent need for disease-modifying drugs in AD demands new thinking about disease pathogenesis and an exploration of novel drug targets, we propose that thrombin inhibition is an innovative tactic in the therapeutic battle against this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Iannucci
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - William Renehan
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Paula Grammas
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Li YR, Huang YN, Zhao B, Wu MF, Li TY, Zhang YL, Chen D, Yu M, Mo W. RGD-hirudin-based low molecular weight peptide prevents blood coagulation via subcutaneous injection. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:753-762. [PMID: 31949293 PMCID: PMC7468311 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolic disease is a common cardio-cerebral vascular disease that threatens human life and health. Thrombin not only affects the exogenous coagulation pathway, but also the endogenous pathway. Thus, it becomes one of the most important targets of anticoagulant drugs. RGD-hirudin is an anticoagulant drug targeting thrombin, but it can only be administered intravenously. We designed a low molecular weight peptide based on RGD-hirudin that could prevent blood clots. We first used NMR to identify the key amino acid residues of RGD-hirudin that interacted with thrombin. Then, we designed a novel direct thrombin inhibitor peptide (DTIP) based on the structure and function of RGD-hirudin using homology modeling. Molecular docking showed that the targeting and binding of DTIP with thrombin were similar to those of RGD-hirudin, suggesting DTIP interacted directly with thrombin. The active amino acids of DTIP were identified by alanine scanning, and mutants were successfully constructed. In blood clotting time tests in vitro, we found that aPTT, PT, and TT in the rat plasma added with DTIP were greatly prolonged than in that added with the mutants. Subcutaneous injection of DTIP in rats also could significantly prolong the clotting time. Thrombelastography analysis revealed that DTIP significantly delayed blood coagulation. Bio-layer interferometry study showed that there were no significant differences between DTIP and the mutants in thrombin affinity constants, suggesting that it might bind to other sites of thrombin rather than to its active center. Our results demonstrate that DTIP with low molecular weight can prevent thrombosis via subcutaneous injection.
Collapse
|
54
|
Chaudhary H, Meister SW, Zetterberg H, Löfblom J, Lendel C. Dissecting the Structural Organization of Multiprotein Amyloid Aggregates Using a Bottom-Up Approach. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1447-1457. [PMID: 32315153 PMCID: PMC7243255 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) in senile plaques is a pathological signature of Alzheimer's disease. However, senile plaques also contain many other components, including a range of different proteins. Although the composition of the plaques can be analyzed in post-mortem tissue, knowledge of the molecular details of these multiprotein inclusions and their assembly processes is limited, which impedes the progress in deciphering the biochemical mechanisms associated with Aβ pathology. We describe here a bottom-up approach to monitor how proteins from human cerebrospinal fluid associate with Aβ amyloid fibrils to form plaque particles. The method combines flow cytometry and mass spectrometry proteomics and allowed us to identify and quantify 128 components of the captured multiprotein aggregates. The results provide insights into the functional characteristics of the sequestered proteins and reveal distinct interactome responses for the two investigated Aβ variants, Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42). Furthermore, the quantitative data is used to build models of the structural organization of the multiprotein aggregates, which suggests that Aβ is not the primary binding target for all the proteins; secondary interactions account for the majority of the assembled components. The study elucidates how different proteins are recruited into senile plaques and establishes a new model system for exploring the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease from a molecular perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Sebastian W. Meister
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal SE-413 90, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal SE-413 90, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Christofer Lendel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Oliveira-Silva R, Sousa-Jerónimo M, Botequim D, Silva NJO, Paulo PMR, Prazeres DMF. Monitoring Proteolytic Activity in Real Time: A New World of Opportunities for Biosensors. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:604-618. [PMID: 32386890 PMCID: PMC7199732 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteases play a pivotal role in several biological processes, from digestion, cell proliferation, and differentiation to fertility. Deregulation of protease metabolism can result in several pathological conditions (i.e., cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and others). Therefore, monitoring proteolytic activity in real time could have a fundamental role in the early diagnosis of these diseases. Herein, the main approaches used to develop biosensors for monitoring proteolytic activity are reviewed. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach is provided along with a discussion of their importance and promising opportunities for the early diagnosis of severe diseases. This new era of biosensors can be characterized by the ability to control and monitor biological processes, ultimately improving the potential of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Oliveira-Silva
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Sousa-Jerónimo
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Botequim
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno J O Silva
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte M F Prazeres
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Lu L, Morrison D, Unsworth LD. A controlled nucleation and formation rate of self-assembled peptide nanofibers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8133-8138. [PMID: 32236237 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptide matrixes are powerful platforms for encouraging tissue regeneration, but are usually formed within seconds and remain relatively static in both structure and function throughout their application. For the first time, we have shown that it is possible to extend the time it takes for peptide self-assembly so as to allow for the dynamic building of a self-assembled system over days, in the presence of an enzyme. Specifically, K5 and K10 sequences were conjugated, via a thrombin-specific cleavage domain NleTPR/SFL, to prevent the nanofiber formation and form stable nanoparticles composed of (RADA)4-GG-NleTPR/SFL-K5 and (RADA)4-GG-NleTPR/SFL-K10 that act as nucleation sites for reassembling. Upon introduction of thrombin, a model enzyme, this system showed an extremely slow rate of nanofiber formation in a parallel direction that is in sharp contrast to the well-known rapid assembly of (RADA)4 systems with random networks. These bioresponsive materials may provide a novel platform for utilizing long-term enzymatic profiles to form new nanofibers within an existing matrix over long therapeutic timeframes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Xu H, Zhang T, Gu Y, Yan X, Lu N, Liu H, Xu Z, Xing Y, Song Y, Zhang Z, Yang M. An electrochemical thrombin aptasensor based on the use of graphite-like C3N4 modified with silver nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:163. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
58
|
Ben Shimon M, Shavit-Stein E, Altman K, Pick CG, Maggio N. Thrombin as Key Mediator of Seizure Development Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1532. [PMID: 32009953 PMCID: PMC6971217 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly leads to development of seizures, accounting for approximately 20% of newly diagnosed epilepsy. Despite the high clinical significance, the mechanisms underlying the development of posttraumatic seizures (PTS) remain unclear, compromising appropriate management of these patients. Accumulating evidence suggest that thrombin, the main serine protease of the coagulation cascade, is involved in PTS genesis by mediating inflammation and hyperexcitability following blood brain barrier breakdown. In order to further understand the role of thrombin in PTS, we generated a combined mild TBI (mTBI) and status epilepticus mice model, by injecting pilocarpine to mice previously submitted to head injury. Interestingly, mTBI was able to reduce seizure onset in the pilocarpine animal model as well as increase the death rate in the treated animals. In turn, pilocarpine worsened spatial orientation of mTBI treated mice. Finally, thrombin activity as well as the expression of IL1-β and TNF-α was significantly increased in the mTBI-pilocarpine treated animals. In conclusion, these observations indicate a synergism between thrombin and mTBI in lowering seizure in the pilocarpine model and possibly aggravating inflammation. We believe that these results will improve the understanding of PTS pathophysiology and contribute to the development of more targeted therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ben Shimon
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Altman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
De D, Bhattacharjee P, Das H, Kumar KS, Biswas SC, Bhattacharyya D. Destabilization of β-amyloid aggregates by thrombin derived peptide: plausible role of thrombin in neuroprotection. FEBS J 2020; 287:2386-2413. [PMID: 31747135 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are resistant to proteases but could be destabilized by small peptides designed to target specific hydrophobic regions of Aβ that take part in aggregate assembly. Since thrombin and AD are intricately connected, and elastase modulates thrombin activity, elastase-digested thrombin peptides were verified for intervention in the Aβ-aggregation pathway. Intact or elastase-digested thrombin destabilized Aβ fibril, as demonstrated by thioflavin T assay. Peptides were synthesized employing thrombin as a template, of which, a hexapeptide (T3) showed maximum destabilization at 1 µm. ExPASy peptide cutter software coupled with mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the generation of T3 peptide from elastase-digested thrombin. TEM micrographs revealed that 30-day incubation of preformed Aβ fibrils or monomers with T3 resulted in destabilization or inhibition, respectively, leading mostly to particles of 1.74 ± 0.17 nm, which roughly corresponded to Aβ monomer. Surface plasmon resonance employing CM5 chip coupled with Aβ40 mouse monoclonal antibody showed a drop in response when T3 was incubated with Aβ fibrils between 2 and 8 h. 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and confocal microscopy demonstrated the ability of T3 to rescue neuroblastoma cells from Aβ oligomer-induced cytotoxic damage. Although no [Aβ-T3] adduct could be detected by mass spectrometry, an initial interaction appeared to facilitate the process of destabilization/inhibition of aggregation. T3 was comparable to standard β-sheet breaker peptides, LPFFD and KLVFF in terms of Aβ aggregate destabilization. High hydrophobicity values coupled with recognition and breaking elements make T3 a potential candidate for future therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashree De
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Payel Bhattacharjee
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Hrishita Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Karri Suresh Kumar
- Central Instrument Facility, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasish Bhattacharyya
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Akaishi T, Yamamoto S, Abe K. The Synthetic Curcumin Derivative CNB-001 Attenuates Thrombin-Stimulated Microglial Inflammation by Inhibiting the ERK and p38 MAPK Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:138-144. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Akaishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Kazuho Abe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Puech C, Delavenne X, He Z, Forest V, Mismetti P, Perek N. Direct oral anticoagulants are associated with limited damage of endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier mediated by the thrombin/PAR-1 pathway. Brain Res 2019; 1719:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
62
|
Rajput PS, Lamb J, Kothari S, Pereira B, Soetkamp D, Wang Y, Tang J, Van Eyk JE, Mullins ES, Lyden PD. Neuron-generated thrombin induces a protective astrocyte response via protease activated receptors. Glia 2019; 68:246-262. [PMID: 31453648 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes protect neurons during cerebral injury through several postulated mechanisms. Recent therapeutic attention has focused on enhancing or augmenting the neuroprotective actions of astrocytes but in some instances astrocytes can assume a neurotoxic phenotype. The signaling mechanisms that drive astrocytes toward a protective versus toxic phenotype are not fully known but cell-cell signaling via proteases acting on cell-specific receptors underlies critical mechanistic steps in neurodevelopment and disease. The protease activated receptor (PAR), resides in multiple brain cell types, and most PARs are found on astrocytes. We asked whether neuron-generated thrombin constituted an important astrocyte activation signal because our previous studies have shown that neurons contain prothrombin gene and transcribed protein. We used neuron and astrocyte mono-cell cultures exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that ischemic neurons secrete thrombin into culture media, which leads to astrocyte activation; such astrocyte activation can be reproduced with low doses of thrombin. Media from prothrombin-deficient neurons failed to activate astrocytes and adding thrombin to such media restored activation. Astrocytes lacking PAR1 did not respond to neuron-generated thrombin. Induced astrocyte activation was antagonized dose-dependently with thrombin inhibitors or PAR1 antagonists. Ischemia-induced astrocyte activation in vivo was inhibited after neuronal prothrombin knockout, resulting in larger strokes. Restoring prothrombin to neurons with a lentiviral gene vector restored astrocyte activation and reduced stroke damage. We conclude that neuron-generated thrombin, released during ischemia, acts via PAR1 and may cause astrocyte activation and paracrine neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmesh S Rajput
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica Lamb
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shweta Kothari
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benedict Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Soetkamp
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jie Tang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric S Mullins
- Division of Hematology and Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick D Lyden
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Kim S, Kim YE, Hong S, Kim KT, Sung DK, Lee Y, Park WS, Chang YS, Song MR. Reactive microglia and astrocytes in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage model are blocked by mesenchymal stem cells. Glia 2019; 68:178-192. [PMID: 31441125 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants triggers reactive gliosis, causing acute neuronal death and glial scar formation. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has often showed improved CNS recovery in an IVH model, but whether this response is related to reactive glial cells is still unclear. Herein, we suggest that MSCs impede the response of reactive microglia rather than astrocytes, thereby blocking neuronal damage. Astrocytes alone showed mild reactiveness under hemorrhagic conditions mimicked by thrombin treatment, and this was not blocked by MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in vitro. In contrast, thrombin-induced microglial activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines were inhibited by MSC-CM. Interestingly, astrocytes showed greater reactive response when co-cultured with microglia, and this was abolished in the presence of MSC-CM. Gene expression profiles in microglia revealed that transcript levels of genes for immune response and proinflammatory cytokines were altered by thrombin treatment. This result coincided with the robust phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, which might be responsible for the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, application of MSC-CM diminished thrombin-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, supporting the acute anti-inflammatory role of MSCs under hemorrhagic conditions. In line with this, activation of microglia and consequent cytokine release were impaired in Stat1-null mice. However, reactive response in Stat1-deficient astrocytes was maintained. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MSCs mainly block the activation of microglia involving STAT1-mediated cytokine release and subsequent reduction of reactive astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seojeong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryoung Song
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Yu P, Venkat P, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Shen Y, Liang L, Landschoot-Ward J, Liu Z, Jiang R, Chen J. Deficiency of tPA Exacerbates White Matter Damage, Neuroinflammation, Glymphatic Dysfunction and Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging Mice. Aging Dis 2019; 10:770-783. [PMID: 31440383 PMCID: PMC6675536 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease primarily involved in mediating thrombus breakdown and regulating catabolism of amyloid-beta (Aβ). The aim of this study is to investigate age-dependent decline of endogenous tPA and the effects of tPA decline on glymphatic function and cognitive outcome in mice. Male, young (3m), adult (6m) and middle-aged (12m) C57/BL6 (wild type) and tPA knockout (tPA-/-) mice were subject to a battery of cognitive tests and white matter (WM) integrity, neuroinflammation, and glymphatic function were evaluated. Adult WT mice exhibit significantly decreased brain tPA level compared to young WT mice and middle-aged WT mice have significantly lower brain tPA levels than young and adult WT mice. Middle-aged WT mice exhibit significant neuroinflammation, reduced WM integrity and increased thrombin deposition compared to young and adult mice, and increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and reduced cognitive ability compared to young WT mice. In comparison to adult WT mice, adult tPA-/- mice exhibit significant BBB leakage, decreased dendritic spine density, increased thrombin deposition, neuroinflammation, and impaired functioning of the glymphatic system. Compared to age-matched WT mice, adult and middle-aged tPA-/- mice exhibit significantly increased D-Dimer expression and decreased perivascular Aquaporin-4 expression. Compared to age-matched WT mice, young, adult and middle-aged tPA-/- mice exhibit significant cognitive impairment, axonal damage, and increased deposition of amyloid precursor protein (APP), Aβ, and fibrin. Endogenous tPA may play an important role in contributing to aging induced cognitive decline, axonal/WM damage, BBB disruption and glymphatic dysfunction in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and Tianjin Neurological institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,2Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Michael Chopp
- 2Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,4Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | | - Yi Shen
- 2Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linlin Liang
- 2Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,5Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Julie Landschoot-Ward
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and Tianjin Neurological institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- 2Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and Tianjin Neurological institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- 2Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Wang Z, Dong B, Feng G, Shan H, Huan Y, Fei Q. Water-soluble Hemin-mPEG-enhanced Luminol Chemiluminescence for Sensitive Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1135-1140. [PMID: 31281131 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we synthesized a water-soluble substance (Hemin-mPEG) at room temperature by using hemin and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG). It was found that the Hemin-mPEG maintained the excellent catalytic activity inherited from hemin, and was first used to catalyze a luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence (CL) system to generate an intense and slow CL signal. The results of a mechanism research showed that the presence of Hemin-mPEG could promote the production of oxygen-relative radicals from H2O2 and dissolved oxygen in solution. Based on this mechanism, an ultra-sensitive, cheap and simply practical sensor for detecting glucose and H2O2 was developed. Under the most optimal experimental conditions, H2O2 and glucose detection results exhibited a good linear range from 0.002 to 3 μM and from 0.02 to 4 μM, respectively, and the detection limits were 1.8 and 10 nM, respectively. This approach has been successfully used to detect glucose in actual biological samples, and achieved good results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Guodong Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Hongyan Shan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Yanfu Huan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ziliotto N, Bernardi F, Jakimovski D, Zivadinov R. Coagulation Pathways in Neurological Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:409. [PMID: 31068896 PMCID: PMC6491577 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in understanding the complex interactions between the coagulation system and inflammation and autoimmunity. Increased blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, a key event in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), leads to the irruption into the central nervous system of blood components that include virtually all coagulation/hemostasis factors. Besides their cytotoxic deposition and role as a possible trigger of the coagulation cascade, hemostasis components cause inflammatory response and immune activation, sustaining neurodegenerative events in MS. Early studies showing the contribution of altered hemostasis in the complex pathophysiology of MS have been strengthened by recent studies using methodologies that permitted deeper investigation. Fibrin(ogen), an abundant protein in plasma, has been identified as a key contributor to neuroinflammation. Perturbed fibrinolysis was found to be a hallmark of progressive MS with abundant cortical fibrin(ogen) deposition. The immune-modulatory function of the intrinsic coagulation pathway still remains to be elucidated in MS. New molecular details in key hemostasis components participating in MS pathophysiology, and particularly involved in inflammatory and immune responses, could favor the development of novel therapeutic targets to ameliorate the evolution of MS. This review article introduces essential information on coagulation factors, inhibitors, and the fibrinolytic pathway, and highlights key aspects of their involvement in the immune system and inflammatory response. It discusses how hemostasis components are (dys)regulated in MS, and summarizes histopathological post-mortem human brain evidence, as well as cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and serum studies of hemostasis and fibrinolytic pathways in MS. Studies of disease-modifying treatments as potential modifiers of coagulation factor levels, and case reports of autoimmunity affecting hemostasis in MS are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ziliotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Clinical Translational Science Institute, Center for Biomedical Imaging, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Thrombin promotes pericyte coverage by Tie2 activation in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Res 2019; 1708:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
68
|
Rajput PS, Lamb JA, Fernández JÁ, Bai J, Pereira BR, Lei IF, Leung J, Griffin JH, Lyden PD. Neuroprotection and vasculoprotection using genetically targeted protease-ligands. Brain Res 2019; 1715:13-20. [PMID: 30880117 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin and activated protein C (APC) are known coagulation factors that exhibit profound effects in brain by acting on the protease activated receptor (PAR). The wild type (WT) proteases appear to impact cell survival powerfully, and therapeutic forms of APC are under development. Engineered recombinant thrombin or APC were designed to separate their procoagulant or anticoagulant effects from their cytoprotective properties. We measured vascular disruption and neuronal degeneration after a standard rodent filament stroke model. For comparison to a robust anticoagulant, we used a GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor, GR144053. During 2 h MCAo both WT murine APC and its mutant, 5A-APC, significantly decreased neuronal death 30 min after reperfusion. During 4 h MCAo, only 5A-APC significantly protected neurons but both WT-APC and 5A-APC exacerbated vascular disruption during 4 h MCAo. Human APC mutants appeared to reduce 24 h neuronal injury significantly when given after 2 h delay after MCAo. In contrast, 24 h vascular damage was worsened by high doses of WT and mutant APCs, although only statistically significantly for high dose 3K3A-APC. Mutated thrombin worsened vascular damage significantly without affecting neuron damage. GR144053 failed to ameliorate vascular disruption or neuronal injury despite significant anticoagulation. Differential effects on neurons and the vasculature were demonstrated using wild-type and mutated proteases. The mutants murine 3K3A-APC and 5A-APC protected neurons in this rodent model but in high doses worsened vascular leakage. Cytoactive effects of plasma proteases may be separated from their coagulation effects. Further studies should explore impact of dose and timing on cytoactive and vasculoactive properties of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmesh S Rajput
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Jessica A Lamb
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Jose Á Fernández
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Jilin Bai
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Benedict R Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - I-Farn Lei
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Jennifer Leung
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - John H Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Patrick D Lyden
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Festoff BW, Citron BA. Thrombin and the Coag-Inflammatory Nexus in Neurotrauma, ALS, and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurol 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30804878 PMCID: PMC6371052 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review details our current understanding of thrombin signaling in neurodegeneration, with a focus on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease) as well as future directions to be pursued. The key factors are multifunctional and involved in regulatory pathways, namely innate immune and the coagulation cascade activation, that are essential for normal nervous system function and health. These two major host defense systems have a long history in evolution and include elements and regulators of the coagulation pathway that have significant impacts on both the peripheral and central nervous system in health and disease. The clotting cascade responds to a variety of insults to the CNS including injury and infection. The blood brain barrier is affected by these responses and its compromise also contributes to these detrimental effects. Important molecules in signaling that contribute to or protect against neurodegeneration include thrombin, thrombomodulin (TM), protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1), damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and those released from mitochondria (mtDAMPs). Each of these molecules are entangled in choices dependent upon specific signaling pathways in play. For example, the particular cleavage of PAR1 by thrombin vs. activated protein C (APC) will have downstream effects through coupled factors to result in toxicity or neuroprotection. Furthermore, numerous interactions influence these choices such as the interplay between HMGB1, thrombin, and TM. Our hope is that improved understanding of the ways that components of the coagulation cascade affect innate immune inflammatory responses and influence the course of neurodegeneration, especially after injury, will lead to effective therapeutic approaches for ALS, traumatic brain injury, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Festoff
- pHLOGISTIX LLC, Fairway, KS, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Bruce A Citron
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Research & Development, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Shavit-Stein E, Aronovich R, Sylantiev C, Gera O, Gofrit SG, Chapman J, Dori A. Blocking Thrombin Significantly Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1139. [PMID: 30662428 PMCID: PMC6328627 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin and its protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) are potentially important in peripheral nerve inflammatory diseases. We studied the role of thrombin and PAR1 in rat experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), a model of the human Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). EAN was induced by bovine peripheral myelin with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Thrombin activity in the sciatic nerves, clinical scores and rotarod performance were measured. Thrombin activity in the sciatic nerve was elevated in EAN compared to CFA control rats (sham rats) (p ≤ 0.004). The effect of blocking the thrombin-PAR1 pathway was studied using the non-selective thrombin inhibitor N-Tosyl-Lys-chloromethylketone (TLCK), and the highly specific thrombin inhibitor N-alpha 2 naphtalenesulfonylglycyl 4 amidino-phenylalaninepiperidide (NAPAP). In-vitro TLCK and NAPAP significantly inhibited specific thrombin activity in EAN rats sciatics (p<0.0001 for both inhibitors). Treatment with TLCK 4.4 mg/kg and NAPAP 69.8 mg/kg significantly improved clinical and rotarod scores starting at day 12 and 13 post immunization (DPI12, DPI13) respectively (p < 0.0001) compared to the untreated EAN rats. In nerve conduction studies, distal amplitude was significantly lower in EAN compared to sham rats (0.76 ± 0.34 vs. 9.8 ± 1.2, mV, p < 0.0001). Nerve conduction velocity was impaired in EAN rats (23.6 ± 2.6 vs. sham 43 ± 4.5, m/s p = 0.01) and was normalized by TLCK (41.2 ± 7.6 m/s, p < 0.05). PAR1 histology of the sciatic node of Ranvier indicated significant structural damage in the EAN rats which was prevented by TLCK treatment. These results suggest the thrombin-PAR1 pathway as a possible target for future intervention in GBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ramona Aronovich
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Constantin Sylantiev
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Gera
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shany G. Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Thrombin contributes to the injury development and neurological deficit after acute subdural hemorrhage in rats only in collaboration with additional blood-derived factors. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:81. [PMID: 30591020 PMCID: PMC6307215 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) is a severe consequence of traumatic brain injury. The occurrence of subdural blood increases the lethality of these patients independent of the amount of blood or elevated intracranial pressure. Thrombin is one of the potential harmful blood components. Possible harmful effects of thrombin are mediated via the Protease-activated-receptor-1 (PAR1) and thus, translating the acute Thrombin release after ASDH into cell loss. The objectives of the present study were twofold, namely to examine (1) the impact of direct thrombin inhibition in the acute phase after hemorrhage on the long-term histological and functional deficits and (2) the early inhibition of PAR1 activation by thrombin with the selective antagonist SCH79797 on lesion volume at 14 days after ASDH. The effects of thrombin on the lesion size were investigated in two separate experiments via (1) direct thrombin inhibition in the subdural infused blood (Argatroban 600 µg) as well as by (2) intraventricular injection of the PAR-1 antagonist SCH79797 (1 µg or 5 µg). Lesion volume and behavior deficits using a neurological deficit score and a motor function test (beam balance test) were analyzed as outcome parameters at 14 days after injury. Results 59 Male Sprague–Dawley rats received a subdural infusion of 300 µl autologous blood or sham operation. Lesion volume at 14 days after ASDH tended to be smaller in the Argatroban-treated group when compared to the vehicle group (8.1 ± 1.1 vs. 10.1 ± 2.3 mm2, n.s.). Motor deficits in the beam balance test were not significantly less severe in the Argatroban-treated group. Animals treated with SCH79797 also showed a trend towards dose-dependent decreased lesion volume in comparison to the vehicle-treated group (1 μg: 4.3 ± 0.7 mm3; 5 μg: 3.8 ± 1.1 mm3; vehicle: 6.5 ± 2.0 mm3, n.s). Conclusions Thrombin inhibition in the subdural blood and local cerebral blockade of PAR-1 cause a tendency towards reduced lesion volume or functional recovery. All results show a trend in favor of the acute treatment on the outcome parameters. Our results suggests that thrombin could be an important blood-derived factor during acute subdural hemorrhage that translates its deleterious effects in concert with other blood-induced factors.
Collapse
|
72
|
Sung TS, Lu H, Sung J, Yeom JH, Perrino BA, Koh SD. The functional role of protease-activated receptors on contractile responses by activation of Ca 2+ sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G921-G931. [PMID: 30260688 PMCID: PMC6336947 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00255.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) affects gastrointestinal motility. In this study, we tested the effects of PAR agonists on electrical and contractile responses and Ca2+ sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles. The Simian colonic muscle was initially hyperpolarized by PAR agonists. After the transient hyperpolarization, simian colonic muscle repolarized to the control resting membrane potential (RMP) without a delayed depolarization. Apamin significantly reduced the initial hyperpolarization, suggesting that activation of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels is involved in the initial hyperpolarization. In contractile experiments, PAR agonists caused an initial relaxation followed by an increase in contractions. These delayed contractile responses were not matched with the electrical responses that showed no after depolarization of the RMP. To investigate the possible involvement of Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK) pathways in the PAR effects, muscle strips were treated with ROCK inhibitors, which significantly reduced the PAR agonist-induced contractions. Furthermore, PAR agonists increased MYPT1 phosphorylation, and ROCK inhibitors completely blocked MYPT1 phosphorylation. PAR agonists alone had no effect on CPI-17 phosphorylation. In the presence of apamin, PAR agonists significantly increased CPI-17 phosphorylation, which was blocked by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors suggesting that Ca2+ influx is increased by apamin and is activating PKC. In conclusion, these studies show that PAR activators induce biphasic responses in simian colonic muscles. The initial inhibitory responses by PAR agonists are mainly mediated by activation of SK channels and delayed contractile responses are mainly mediated by the CPI-17 and ROCK Ca2+ sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we found that the contractile responses of simian colonic muscles to protease-activated receptor (PAR) agonists are different from the previously reported contractile responses of murine colonic muscles. Ca2+ sensitization pathways mediate the contractile responses of simian colonic muscles to PAR agonists without affecting the membrane potential. These findings emphasize novel mechanisms of PAR agonist-induced contractions possibly related to colonic dysmotility in inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sik Sung
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Hongli Lu
- 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juno Sung
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Jong Hoon Yeom
- 3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian A. Perrino
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sang Don Koh
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Pleşeru AM, Mihailă RG. The role of thrombin in central nervous system activity and stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 91:368-371. [PMID: 30564010 PMCID: PMC6296729 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Thrombin is a key factor of hemostasis, mediating the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. Along with prothrombin, of which thrombin is the active derivative, it has been found locally expressed in the central nervous system. This article aims to describe the role of thrombin in the normal functioning of the central nervous system and stroke. Methods In this mini-review, the specialized databases Medscape, PubMed, and Web of Science, from the years 2003–2018, were used to find relevant documents by using MeSH terms: “thrombin” and “stroke”. Results Prothrombin and thrombin influence neural development, protection and regeneration, thrombin being a relatively strong regulating factor of brain function. However, high levels of thrombin are detrimental to neuronal health, and cause atherosclerotic plaque development and instability - a leading cause of cerebral infarction. In stroke, thrombin promotes direct cellular toxicity, vascular disruption, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. There is a direct correlation between thrombin activity in the affected brain hemisphere and the infarction volume. Direct acting thrombin inhibitors, like dabigatran, significantly decrease the risk of ischemic stroke. Conclusion Further studies on the correlation between thrombin levels, generation and activity and the risk and recurrence of ischemic cerebral stroke should give new insight on this association, resulting in an optimized practical therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ancuţa-Maria Pleşeru
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania.,Neurology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Sibiu, Romania
| | - Romeo Gabriel Mihailă
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Abstract
The speed of impulse transmission is critical for optimal neural circuit function, but it is unclear how the appropriate conduction velocity is established in individual axons. The velocity of impulse transmission is influenced by the thickness of the myelin sheath and the morphology of electrogenic nodes of Ranvier along axons. Here we show that myelin thickness and nodal gap length are reversibly altered by astrocytes, glial cells that contact nodes of Ranvier. Thrombin-dependent proteolysis of a cell adhesion molecule that attaches myelin to the axon (neurofascin 155) is inhibited by vesicular release of thrombin protease inhibitors from perinodal astrocytes. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative fragment of VAMP2 in astrocytes, to reduce exocytosis by 50%, exhibited detachment of adjacent paranodal loops of myelin from the axon, increased nodal gap length, and thinning of the myelin sheath in the optic nerve. These morphological changes alter the passive cable properties of axons to reduce conduction velocity and spike-time arrival in the CNS in parallel with a decrease in visual acuity. All effects were reversed by the thrombin inhibitor Fondaparinux. Similar results were obtained by viral transfection of tetanus toxin into astrocytes of rat corpus callosum. Previously, it was unknown how the myelin sheath could be thinned and the functions of perinodal astrocytes were not well understood. These findings describe a form of nervous system plasticity in which myelin structure and conduction velocity are adjusted by astrocytes. The thrombin-dependent cleavage of neurofascin 155 may also have relevance to myelin disruption and repair.
Collapse
|
75
|
Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury via a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8916938. [PMID: 30402137 PMCID: PMC6193325 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8916938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the potential action mechanisms of XFZYD in the treatment of TBI and to elucidate the combination principle of this herbal formula. Methods A network pharmacology approach including ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) evaluation, target prediction, known therapeutic targets collection, network construction, and molecule docking was used in this study. Results A total of 119 bioactive ingredients from XFZYD were predicted to act on 47 TBI associated specific proteins which intervened in several crucial pathological processes including apoptosis, inflammation, antioxidant, and axon genesis. Almost each of the bioactive ingredients targeted more than one protein. The molecular docking simulation showed that 91 pairs of chemical components and candidate targets had strong binding efficiencies. The “Jun”, “Chen”, and “Zuo-Shi” herbs from XFZYD triggered their specific targets regulation, respectively. Conclusion Our work successfully illuminates the “multicompounds, multitargets” therapeutic action of XFZYD in the treatment of TBI by network pharmacology with molecule docking method. The present work may provide valuable evidence for further clinical application of XFZYD as therapeutic strategy for TBI treatment.
Collapse
|
76
|
Patel R, Muir M, Cvetkovic C, Krencik R. Concepts toward directing human astroplasticity to promote neuroregeneration. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:21-33. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Cvetkovic
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston Texas
| | - Robert Krencik
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston Texas
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Jha NK, Jha SK, Sharma R, Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Hypoxia-Induced Signaling Activation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Targets for New Therapeutic Strategies. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:15-38. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K. Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Duan HQ, Wu QL, Yao X, Fan BY, Shi HY, Zhao CX, Zhang Y, Li B, Sun C, Kong XH, Zhou XF, Feng SQ. Nafamostat mesilate attenuates inflammation and apoptosis and promotes locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:429-438. [PMID: 29352519 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe neural damage for which there is currently no effective treatment. Exploration of the neuroprotective effect among clinically approved drugs will speed up clinical translation of SCI. Nafamostat mesilate (NM) as a synthetic serine protease inhibitor has been used clinically in pancreatitis treatments. However, its effectiveness in SCI is unknown. The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy of NM in ameliorating SCI. METHODS Intraperitoneal administration of NM was performed on a contusion SCI model in Wistar rat. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining) and Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining were used to observe the histological lesions. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Cytokines and neurotrophins were tested by Western blot. Locomotion recovery assessed by hindlimb BBB score and the inclined plane test. RESULTS Nafamostat mesilate treatment significantly improved locomotion recovery as assessed by hindlimb BBB scores and the inclined plane test. H&E staining and LFB staining showed a significant increase in spared tissue in both gray matter and white matter. NM decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, apoptosis was also significantly decreased, as shown by TUNEL staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI and by Western blotting for caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression. Due to the mechanism of action of NM as a serine protease inhibitor, the drug decreased thrombin expression in the damaged spinal cord. Furthermore, NM increased the expression of neurotrophins (NT-3, BDNF, and NGF). CONCLUSIONS Upon NM treatment, the functional and histological outcomes were improved, and microenvironment upon SCI was modulated. As a clinically approved drug, NM holds promise for clinical use after spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Quan Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Li Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-You Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacology and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Abstract
TRPC channels play important roles in neuronal death/survival in ischemic stroke, vasospasm in hemorrhagic stroke, thrombin-induced astrocyte pathological changes, and also in the initiation of stroke by affecting blood pressure and atherogenesis. TRPCs' unique channel characters and downstream pathways make them possible new targets for stroke therapy. TRPC proteins have different functions in different cell types. Considering TRPCs' extensive distribution in various tissues and cell types, drugs targeting them could induce more complicated effects. More specific agonists/antagonists and antibodies are required for future study of TRPCs as potential targets for stroke therapy.
Collapse
|
80
|
Klebe D, Flores JJ, McBride DW, Krafft PR, Rolland WB, Lekic T, Zhang JH. Dabigatran ameliorates post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus development after germinal matrix haemorrhage in neonatal rat pups. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3135-3149. [PMID: 28155585 PMCID: PMC5584693 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16684355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We aim to determine if direct thrombin inhibition by dabigatran will improve long-term brain morphological and neurofunctional outcomes and if potential therapeutic effects are dependent upon reduced PAR-1 stimulation and consequent mTOR activation. Germinal matrix haemorrhage was induced by stereotaxically injecting 0.3 U type VII-S collagenase into the germinal matrix of P7 rat pups. Animals were divided into five groups: sham, vehicle (5% DMSO), dabigatran intraperitoneal, dabigatran intraperitoneal + TFLLR-NH2 (PAR-1 agonist) intranasal, SCH79797 (PAR-1 antagonist) intraperitoneal, and dabigatran intranasal. Neurofunctional outcomes were determined by Morris water maze, rotarod, and foot fault evaluations at three weeks. Brain morphological outcomes were determined by histological Nissl staining at four weeks. Expression levels of p-mTOR/p-p70s6k at three days and vitronectin/fibronectin at 28 days were quantified. Intranasal and intraperitoneal dabigatran promoted long-term neurofunctional recovery, improved brain morphological outcomes, and reduced intracranial pressure at four weeks after GMH. PAR-1 stimulation tended to reverse dabigatran's effects on post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus development. Dabigatran also reduced expression of short-term p-mTOR and long-term extracellular matrix proteins, which tended to be reversed by PAR-1 agonist co-administration. PAR-1 inhibition alone, however, did not achieve the same therapeutic effects as dabigatran administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damon Klebe
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jerry J Flores
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Devin W McBride
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul R Krafft
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - William B Rolland
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tim Lekic
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Sun Y, Wang Y, Li J, Ding C, Lin Y, Sun W, Luo C. An ultrasensitive chemiluminescence aptasensor for thrombin detection based on iron porphyrin catalyzing luminescence desorbed from chitosan modified magnetic oxide graphene composite. Talanta 2017; 174:809-818. [PMID: 28738658 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an ultrasensitive chemiluminescence (CL) aptasensor was prepared for thrombin detection based on iron porphyrin catalyzing luminol - hydrogen peroxide luminescence under alkaline conditions, and iron porphyrin was desorbed from chitosan modified magnetic oxide graphene composite (CS@Fe3O4@GO). Firstly, CS@Fe3O4@GO was prepared. CS@Fe3O4@GO has advantages of the good biocompatibility and positively charged on its surface of CS, the large specific surface area of GO and the easy separation characteristics of Fe3O4. GO, Fe3O4 and CS@Fe3O4@GO were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Then, thrombin aptamer (T-Apt) and hemin (HM, an iron porphyrin) were sequentially modified on the surface of CS@Fe3O4@GO to form CS@Fe3O4@GO@T-Apt@HM. The immobilization properties of CS@Fe3O4@GO to T-Apt and adsorption properties of CS@Fe3O4@GO@T-Apt to HM were sequentially researched through the curves of kinetics and the curves of thermodynamics. When thrombin existed in solutions, HM was desorbed from the surface of CS@Fe3O4@GO@T-Apt@HM owing to the strong specific recognition ability between thrombin and T-Apt, causing the changes of CL signal. Under optimized CL conditions, thrombin could be measured with the linear concentration range of 5.0×10-15-2.5×10-10mol/L. The detection limit was 1.5×10-15mol/L (3δ) while the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.2%. Finally, the CS@Fe3O4@GO@T-Apt@HM-CL aptasensor was used for the determination of thrombin in practical serum samples and recoveries ranged from 95% to 103%. Those satisfactory results revealed potential application of the CS@Fe3O4@GO@T-Apt@HM-CL aptasensor for thrombin detection in monitoring and diagnosis of human blood diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chaofan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yanna Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Weiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Yin M, Chen Z, Ouyang Y, Zhang H, Wan Z, Wang H, Wu W, Yin X. Thrombin-induced, TNFR-dependent miR-181c downregulation promotes MLL1 and NF-κB target gene expression in human microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:132. [PMID: 28662718 PMCID: PMC5492717 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling thrombin-driven microglial activation may serve as a therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we investigated microRNA (miRNA)-based regulation of thrombin-driven microglial activation using an in vitro thrombin toxicity model applied to primary human microglia. METHODS A miRNA array identified 22 differential miRNA candidates. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) identified miR-181c as the most significantly downregulated miRNA. TargetScan analysis identified mixed lineage leukemia-1 (MLL1) as a putative gene target for miR-181c. qRT-PCR was applied to assess tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), miR-181c, and MLL1 levels following thrombin or proteinase-activated receptor-4-specific activating peptide (PAR4AP) exposure. Anti-TNF-α antibodies and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) silencing were employed to test TNF-α/TNFR dependence. A dual-luciferase reporter system and miR-181c mimic transfection assessed whether mir-181c directly binds to and negatively regulates MLL1. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)-dependent luciferase reporter assays and NF-κB target gene expression were assessed in wild-type (MLL1+) and MLL1-silenced cells. RESULTS Thrombin or PAR4AP-induced miR-181c downregulation (p < 0.05) and MLL1 upregulation (p < 0.05) that were dependent upon TNF-α/TNFR. miR-181c decreased wild-type MLL1 3'-UTR luciferase reporter activity (p < 0.05), and a miR-181c mimic suppressed MLL1 expression (p < 0.05). Thrombin treatment increased, while miR-181c reduced, NF-κB activity and NF-κB target gene expression in both wild-type (MLL1+) and MLL1-silenced cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thrombin-induced, TNF-α/TNFR-dependent miR-181c downregulation promotes MLL1 expression, increases NF-κB activity, and upregulates NF-κB target gene expression. As miR-181c opposes thrombin's stimulation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB activity, miR-181c mimic therapy may show promise in controlling thrombin-driven microglial activation following ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yetong Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. .,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Streijger F, Skinnider MA, Rogalski JC, Balshaw R, Shannon CP, Prudova A, Belanger L, Ritchie L, Tsang A, Christie S, Parent S, Mac-Thiong JM, Bailey C, Urquhart J, Ailon T, Paquette S, Boyd M, Street J, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF, Borchers CH, Foster LJ, Kwon BK. A Targeted Proteomics Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid after Acute Human Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2054-2068. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael A. Skinnider
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Sciences & Technologies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason C. Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Balshaw
- BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anna Prudova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lise Belanger
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leanna Ritchie
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Tsang
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax Infirmary Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Chu Sainte-Justine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Chu Sainte-Justine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Urquhart
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamir Ailon
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott Paquette
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Boyd
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Street
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles G. Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcel F. Dvorak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Modulatory Role of Nurr1 Activation and Thrombin Inhibition in the Neuroprotective Effects of Dabigatran Etexilate in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4078-4089. [PMID: 28585189 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that both decreased nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1) expression and thrombin accumulation are involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). The new anticoagulant dabigatran etexilate (DE) is a direct thrombin inhibitor that owns benzimidazole group, which has been proposed to activate Nurr1. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of DE in rotenone model of PD. Rotenone was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every other day for 21 days. An oral regimen of DE (15 mg/kg) was started after the 5th rotenone injection following the manifestations of PD. Treatment of PD rats with DE mitigated rotenone-induced neuronal degeneration and restored striatal dopamine level with motor recovery. As well, DE enhanced Nurr1 expression in substantia nigra along with increasing transcriptional activation of Nurr1-controlled genes namely tyrosine hydroxylase, vascular monoamine transporter, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and its receptor gene c-Ret, which are critical for development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. DE also suppressed thrombin accumulation in substantia nigra. Both effects probably contributed to repressing neurotoxic proinflammatory cytokines, which was manifested by decreased level of nuclear factor kappa beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In conclusion, the present results suggest that DE could possess significant neuroprotective and regenerative effects in a rotenone-induced PD animal model as consequence of Nurr1 activation and thrombin inhibition.
Collapse
|
85
|
Broad KD, Kawano G, Fierens I, Rocha-Ferreira E, Hristova M, Ezzati M, Rostami J, Alonso-Alconada D, Chaban B, Hassell J, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Sanders RD, Robertson NJ. Surgery increases cell death and induces changes in gene expression compared with anesthesia alone in the developing piglet brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173413. [PMID: 28355229 PMCID: PMC5371291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a range of animal species, exposure of the brain to general anaesthesia without surgery during early infancy may adversely affect its neural and cognitive development. The mechanisms mediating this are complex but include an increase in brain cell death. In humans, attempts to link adverse cognitive development to infantile anaesthesia exposure have yielded ambiguous results. One caveat that may influence the interpretation of human studies is that infants are not exposed to general anaesthesia without surgery, raising the possibility that surgery itself, may contribute to adverse cognitive development. Using piglets, we investigated whether a minor surgical procedure increases cell death and disrupts neuro-developmental and cognitively salient gene transcription in the neonatal brain. We randomly assigned neonatal male piglets to a group who received 6h of 2% isoflurane anaesthesia or a group who received an identical anaesthesia plus 15 mins of surgery designed to replicate an inguinal hernia repair. Compared to anesthesia alone, surgery-induced significant increases in cell death in eight areas of the brain. Using RNAseq data derived from all 12 piglets per group we also identified significant changes in the expression of 181 gene transcripts induced by surgery in the cingulate cortex, pathway analysis of these changes suggests that surgery influences the thrombin, aldosterone, axonal guidance, B cell, ERK-5, eNOS and GABAA signalling pathways. This suggests a number of novel mechanisms by which surgery may influence neural and cognitive development independently or synergistically with the effects of anaesthesia.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aldosterone/genetics
- Aldosterone/metabolism
- Anesthesia, General/adverse effects
- Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Inhalation/adverse effects
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gyrus Cinguli/drug effects
- Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism
- Gyrus Cinguli/pathology
- Hernia, Inguinal/complications
- Hernia, Inguinal/surgery
- Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects
- Isoflurane/administration & dosage
- Isoflurane/adverse effects
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- Nerve Net/drug effects
- Nerve Net/metabolism
- Nerve Net/pathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Signal Transduction
- Swine
- Thrombin/genetics
- Thrombin/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Broad
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Go Kawano
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Fierens
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariya Hristova
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mojgan Ezzati
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamshid Rostami
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Badr Chaban
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Hassell
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College, St Thomas Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College, St Thomas Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Robert D. Sanders
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicola J. Robertson
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Krenzlin H, Lorenz V, Alessandri B. The involvement of thrombin in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2080-2085. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Krenzlin
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology; University Medicine Mainz; Langenbeckstr.1 Mainz 55101 Germany
| | - Viola Lorenz
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital; 300 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Beat Alessandri
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology; University Medicine Mainz; Langenbeckstr.1 Mainz 55101 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Jussen D, Krenzlin H, Papaioannou C, Ens S, Kempski O, Alessandri B. Blood Aggravates Histological and Functional Damage after Acute Subdural Hematoma in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:906-913. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jussen
- Department Of Neurosurgery, HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Krenzlin
- Department Of Neurosurgery, HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Swetlana Ens
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Kempski
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Alessandri
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Whetstone WD, Walker B, Trivedi A, Lee S, Noble-Haeusslein LJ, Hsu JYC. Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Supports Locomotor Recovery by Biased Agonist Activated Protein C after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170512. [PMID: 28122028 PMCID: PMC5266300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin-induced secondary injury is mediated through its receptor, protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), by "biased agonism." Activated protein C (APC) acts through the same PAR-1 receptor but functions as an anti-coagulant and anti-inflammatory protein, which counteracts many of the effects of thrombin. Although the working mechanism of PAR-1 is becoming clear, the functional role of PAR-1 and its correlation with APC in the injured spinal cord remains to be elucidated. Here we investigated if PAR-1 and APC are determinants of long-term functional recovery after a spinal cord contusive injury using PAR-1 null and wild-type mice. We found that neutrophil infiltration and disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier were significantly reduced in spinal cord injured PAR-1 null mice relative to the wild-type group. Both locomotor recovery and ability to descend an inclined grid were significantly improved in the PAR-1 null group 42 days after injury and this improvement was associated with greater long-term sparing of white matter and a reduction in glial scarring. Wild-type mice treated with APC acutely after injury showed a similar level of improved locomotor recovery to that of PAR-1 null mice. However, improvement of APC-treated PAR-1 null mice was indistinguishable from that of vehicle-treated PAR-1 null mice, suggesting that APC acts through PAR-1. Collectively, our findings define a detrimental role of thrombin-activated PAR-1 in wound healing and further validate APC, also acting through the PAR-1 by biased agonism, as a promising therapeutic target for spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Whetstone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Breset Walker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alpa Trivedi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sangmi Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Noble-Haeusslein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jung-Yu C. Hsu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Ebrahimi S, Jaberi N, Avan A, Ryzhikov M, Keramati MR, Parizadeh MR, Hassanian SM. Role of thrombin in the pathogenesis of central nervous system inflammatory diseases. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:482-485. [PMID: 27458694 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin initiates proinflammatory signaling responses through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in in vitro and in vivo systems. Proinflammatory signaling function of thrombin increases secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, triggers vascular permeability, promotes leukocyte migration, and induces adhesion molecule expression. Thrombin as a potent signaling molecule is strongly implicated in a number of proinflammatory disorders including severe sepsis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and of special interest in this review neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the role of thrombin in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), promoting greater understanding and clinical management of these diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 482-485, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najme Jaberi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Citron BA, Ameenuddin S, Uchida K, Suo WZ, SantaCruz K, Festoff BW. Membrane lipid peroxidation in neurodegeneration: Role of thrombin and proteinase-activated receptor-1. Brain Res 2016; 1643:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|