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Alginate-nanohydroxyapatite hydrogel system: Optimizing the formulation for enhanced bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:109985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Liu C, Wu J, Gan D, Li Z, Shen J, Tang P, Luo S, Li P, Lu X, Zheng W. The characteristics of mussel‐inspired nHA/OSA injectable hydrogel and repaired bone defect in rabbit. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1814-1825. [PMID: 31774242 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of PharmacyThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu China
| | - Donglin Gan
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu China
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Jagiełło J, Sekuła-Stryjewska M, Noga S, Adamczyk E, Dźwigońska M, Kurcz M, Kurp K, Winkowska-Struzik M, Karnas E, Boruczkowski D, Madeja Z, Lipińska L, Zuba-Surma EK. Impact of Graphene-Based Surfaces on the Basic Biological Properties of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Ex Vivo Cell Expansion Aimed at Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4561. [PMID: 31540083 PMCID: PMC6770664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and biomaterials have attracted a great amount of interest in the field of biomedical engineering. MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells characterized as cells with specific features, e.g., high differentiation potential, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory properties, and efficient in vitro expansion ability. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) are a new, important cell type that may be used for therapeutic purposes, i.e., for autologous and allogeneic transplantations. To improve the therapeutic efficiency of hUC-MSCs, novel biomaterials have been considered for use as scaffolds dedicated to the propagation and differentiation of these cells. Nowadays, some of the most promising materials for tissue engineering include graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Due to their physicochemical properties, they can be easily modified with biomolecules, which enable their interaction with different types of cells, including MSCs. In this study, we demonstrate the impact of graphene-based substrates (GO, rGO) on the biological properties of hUC-MSCs. The size of the GO flakes and the reduction level of GO have been considered as important factors determining the most favorable surface for hUC-MSCs growth. The obtained results revealed that GO and rGO are suitable scaffolds for hUC-MSCs. hUC-MSCs cultured on: (i) a thin layer of GO and (ii) an rGO surface with a low reduction level demonstrated a viability and proliferation rate comparable to those estimated under standard culture conditions. Interestingly, cell culture on a highly reduced GO substrate resulted in a decreased hUC-MSCs proliferation rate and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, our analysis demonstrated that hUC-MSCs cultured on all the tested GO and rGO scaffolds showed no alterations of their typical mesenchymal phenotype, regardless of the reduction level and size of the GO flakes. Thus, GO scaffolds and rGO scaffolds with a low reduction level exhibit potential applicability as novel, safe, and biocompatible materials for utilization in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jagiełło
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Sylwia Noga
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Edyta Adamczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Dźwigońska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kurcz
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kurp
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Winkowska-Struzik
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Wang Y, Xue Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Liao J, Li X, Wu X, Qin YX, Chen W. A Composite Hydrogel with High Mechanical Strength, Fluorescence, and Degradable Behavior for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1112. [PMID: 31266178 PMCID: PMC6680580 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, to obtain a novel composite hydrogel with high mechanical strength, fluorescence and degradable behavior for bone tissue engineering, we prepare a nanofiller and double-network (DN) structure co-enhanced carbon dots/hydroxyapatite/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CDs/HA/PVA) DN hydrogel. The composite hydrogels are fabricated by a combination of two fabrication techniques including chemical copolymerization and freezing‒thawing cycles, and further characterized by FTIR, XRD, etc. Additional investigations focus on the mechanical properties of the hydrogel with varying mass ratios of CDs to PVA, HA to PVA and different numbers of freezing/thawing cycles. The results show that the as-prepared CDs3.0/HA0.6/PVA DN9 hydrogel has optimized compression properties (Compression strength = 3.462 MPa, Young's modulus = 4.5 kPa). This is mainly caused by the synergism effect of the nanofiller and chemical and physical co-crosslinking. The water content and swelling ratio of the CDs/HA/PVA SN and DN gels are also systematically investigated to reveal the relationship of their microstructural features and mechanical behavior. In addition, in vitro degradation tests of the CDs/HA/PVA DN hydrogel show that the DN hydrogels have a prominent degradable behavior. So, they have potential to be used as high-strength, self-tracing bone substitutes in the biomedical engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Wang
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yanan Xue
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Sixth Academy of China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jingwen Liao
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of biomedical engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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Gupta D, Singh AK, Dravid A, Bellare J. Multiscale Porosity in Compressible Cryogenically 3D Printed Gels for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20437-20452. [PMID: 31081613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has seen several refinements when introduced in the field of medical devices and regenerative medicines. However, it is still a challenge to 3D print gels for building complex constructs as per the desired shape and size. Here, we present a novel method to 3D print gelatin/carboxymethylchitin/hydroxyapatite composite gel constructs of a complex shape. The objective of this study is to fabricate a bioactive gel scaffold with a controlled hierarchical structure. The hierarchy ranges from 3D outer shape to macroporosity to microporosity and rough surface. The fabrication process developed here uses 3D printing in a local cryogenic atmosphere, followed by lyophilization and cross-linking. The gel instantly freezes after extrusion on the cold plate. The cooling action is not limited to the build plate, but the entire gel scaffold is cooled during the 3D printing process. This enables the construction of a stable self-sustaining large-sized 3D complex geometry. Further, lyophilization introduces bulk microporosity into the scaffolds. The outer shape and macroporosity were controlled with the 3D printer, whereas the microporous structure and desirable rough surface morphology were obtained through lyophilization. With cryogenic 3D printing, up to 90% microporosity could be incorporated into the scaffolds. The microporosity and pore size distribution were controlled by changing the cross-linker and total polymer concentration, which resulted in six times increase in surface open pores of size <20 μm on increasing the cross-linker concentration from 25 to 100 mg/mL. The introduction of bulk microporosity was shown to increase swelling by 1.8 times along with a significant increase in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and Saos-2 cell attachment (2×), proliferation (2.4×), Saos-2 cell alkaline phosphatase level (2×), and mineralization (3×). The scaffolds are spongy in nature in a wet state, thus making them potential implants for bone cavities with a small opening. The application of these cryogenically 3D printed compressible gel scaffolds with multiscale porosity extends to a small- as well as a large-sized open/partially open patient-specific bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Central Research Facility (CRF) , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Ashwin Dravid
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 323 E 33rd Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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Häring M, Grijalvo S, Haldar D, Saldías C, Díaz DD. Polymer topology-controlled self-healing properties of polyelectrolyte hydrogels based on DABCO-containing aromatic ionenes. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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57
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Hixon KR, Bogner SJ, Ronning-Arnesen G, Janowiak BE, Sell SA. Investigating Manuka Honey Antibacterial Properties When Incorporated into Cryogel, Hydrogel, and Electrospun Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Gels 2019; 5:E21. [PMID: 31003516 PMCID: PMC6631429 DOI: 10.3390/gels5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is well-known for its wound healing capability and Manuka honey (MH) contains a unique Manuka factor, providing an additional antibacterial agent. Previously, there has not been a practical way to apply MH to a wound site, which renders treatment for an extended period extremely difficult. Tissue-engineered scaffolds offer an alternative treatment method to standard dressings by providing varying geometries to best treat the specific tissue. MH was incorporated into cryogels, hydrogels, and electrospun scaffolds to assess the effect of scaffold geometry on bacterial clearance and adhesion, as well as cellular adhesion. Electrospun scaffolds exhibited a faster release due to the nanoporous fibrous geometry which led to a larger partial bacterial clearance as compared to the more three-dimensional cryogels (CG) and hydrogels (HG). Similarly, the fast release of MH from the electrospun scaffolds resulted in reduced bacterial adhesion. Overall, the fast MH release of the electrospun scaffolds versus the extended release of the HG and CG scaffolds provides differences in cellular/bacterial adhesion and advantages for both short and long-term applications, respectively. This manuscript provides a comparison of the scaffold pore structures as well as bacterial and cellular properties, providing information regarding the relationship between varying scaffold geometry and MH efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Hixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
| | - Savannah J Bogner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
| | - Gabriela Ronning-Arnesen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
| | - Blythe E Janowiak
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
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Pazarçeviren AE, Evis Z, Keskin D, Tezcaner A. Resorbable PCEC/gelatin-bismuth doped bioglass-graphene oxide bilayer membranes for guided bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:035018. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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59
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Fang J, Li P, Lu X, Fang L, Lü X, Ren F. A strong, tough, and osteoconductive hydroxyapatite mineralized polyacrylamide/dextran hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:503-513. [PMID: 30772515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of hydrogels with adequate mechanical properties and excellent bioactivity, osteoconductivity, and capacity for osseointegration is essential to bone repair and regeneration. However, it is challenging to integrate all these properties into one bone scaffold. Herein, we developed a strong, tough, osteoconductive hydrogel by a facile one-step micellar copolymerization of acrylamide and urethacrylate dextran (Dex-U), followed by the in situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals. We show that the soft, flexible, and hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide (PAAm) network is strengthened by the stiff crosslinked Dex-U phase, and that the mineralized HAp simultaneously improves the mechanical properties and osteoconductivity. The obtained HAp mineralized PAAm/Dex-U hydrogel (HAp-PADH) has extremely high compressive strength (6.5 MPa) and enhanced fracture resistance (over 2300 J m-2), as compared with pure PAAm hydrogels. In vitro, we show that the mineralized HAp layer promotes the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, and effectively stimulates osteogenic differentiation. Through the in vivo evaluation of hydrogels in a femoral condyle defect rabbit model, we show regeneration of a highly mineralized bone tissue and direct bonding to the HAp-PADH interface. These findings confirm the excellent osteoconductivity and osseointegration ability of fabricated HAp-PADH. The present HAp-PADH, with its superior mechanical properties and excellent osteoconductivity, should have great potential for bone repair and regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We developed a strong, tough, and osteoconductive hydrogel by a facile one-step micellar copolymerization of acrylamide and urethane methacrylate dextran (Dex-U), followed by the in situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals. The hydrophobic micellar copolymerization and introduction of the stiff crosslinked Dex-U phase endowed the soft polyacrylamide (PAAm) network with enhanced strength and toughness. The in situ mineralized HAp nanocrystals on the hydrogels further improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels and promoted osteogenic differentiation of cells. Mechanical tests together with in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed that the HAp mineralized PAAm/Dex-U hydrogel (HAp-PADH) achieved a combination of superior mechanical properties and excellent osseointegration, and thus may offer a promising candidate for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Liming Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Ansari S, Khorshidi S, Karkhaneh A. Engineering of gradient osteochondral tissue: From nature to lab. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:41-54. [PMID: 30721785 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The osteochondral tissue is an interface between two distinct tissues: articular cartilage and bone. These two tissues are significantly diverse with regard to their chemical compositions, mechanical properties, structure, electrical properties, and the amount of nutrient and oxygen consumption. Thus, transition from the surface of the articular cartilage to the subchondral bone needs to face several smooth gradients. These gradients are imperative to study to generate a scaffold suitable for the reconstruction of the cartilaginous and osseous layers of a defected osteochondral tissue, simultaneously. The aim of this review is to peruse the alternation of biochemical, biomechanical, structural, electrical, and metabolic properties of the osteochondral tissue moving from the surface of the articular cartilage to the subchondral bone. Moreover, this review also discusses currently developed approaches and ideal techniques with a focus on gradients present in the interface of the cartilage and bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The submitted review paper entitled as "Engineering of the gradient osteochondral tissue: from nature to lab" is a complete review with regard to the osteochondral tissue and transition of different properties between the cartilage and bone tissues. Moreover, previous studies on the osteochondral tissue engineering have been reviewed in this paper. This complete information can be a valuable and useful source for current and future researchers and scientists. Considering the scope of the submitted paper, Acta Biomaterialia would be a suitable journal for publishing this article.
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Sustained Release from Injectable Composite Gels Loaded with Silver Nanowires Designed to Combat Bacterial Resistance in Bone Regeneration Applications. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030116. [PMID: 30871056 PMCID: PMC6471462 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional nanostructures, such as silver nanowires (AgNWs), have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding electrical, thermal and antimicrobial properties. However, their application in the prevention of infections linked to bone tissue regeneration intervention has not yet been explored. Here we report on the development of an innovative scaffold prepared from chitosan, composite hydroxyapatite and AgNWs (CS-HACS-AgNWs) having both bioactive and antibacterial properties. In vitro results highlighted the antibacterial potential of AgNWs against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The CS-HACS-AgNWs composite scaffold demonstrated suitable Ca/P deposition, improved gel strength, reduced gelation time, and sustained Ag+ release within therapeutic concentrations. Antibacterial studies showed that the composite formulation was capable of inhibiting bacterial growth in suspension, and able to completely prevent biofilm formation on the scaffold in the presence of resistant strains. The hydrogels were also shown to be biocompatible, allowing cell proliferation. In summary, the developed CS-HACS-AgNWs composite hydrogels demonstrated significant potential as a scaffold material to be employed in bone regenerative medicine, as they present enhanced mechanical strength combined with the ability to allow calcium salts deposition, while efficiently decreasing the risk of infections. The results presented justify further investigations into the potential clinical applications of these materials.
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Morsi NM, Shamma RN, Eladawy NO, Abdelkhalek AA. Risedronate-Loaded Macroporous Gel Foam Enriched with Nanohydroxyapatite: Preparation, Characterization, and Osteogenic Activity Evaluation Using Saos-2 Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:104. [PMID: 30737611 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the field of orthopedic surgery has created a growing need for new injectable synthetic materials that can be used for bone grafting. In this work, novel injectable thermosensitive foam was developed by mixing nHAP powder with a thermosensitive polymer with foaming power (Pluronic F-127) and loaded with a water-soluble bisphosphonate drug (risedronate) to promote osteogenesis. The foam was able to retain the porous structure after injection and set through temperature change of PF-127 solution to form gel inside the body. The effect of different formulation parameters on the gelation time, porosity, foamability, injectability, and in vitro degradation in addition to drug release from the prepared foams were analyzed using a full factorial design. The addition of a co-polymer like methylcellulose or sodium alginate into the foam was also studied. Results showed that the prepared optimized thermosensitive foam was able to gel within 1 min at 37°C, and sustain the release of drug for 72 h. The optimized formulation was further tested for any interactions using DSC and IR, and revealed no interactions between the drug and the used excipients in the prepared foam. Furthermore, the ability of the pre-set foam to support osteoblastic-like Saos-2-cell proliferation and differentiation was assessed, and revealed superior function on promoting cellular proliferation as confirmed by fluorescence microscope compared to the plain drug solution. The activity of the foam treated cells was also assessed by measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition, and confirmed that the cellular activity was greatly enhanced in foam treated cells compared to those treated with the plain drug solution only. The obtained results show that the prepared risedronate-loaded thermosensitive foam would represent a step forward in the design of new materials for minimally invasive bone regeneration.
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Composite Hydrogels with the Simultaneous Release of VEGF and MCP-1 for Enhancing Angiogenesis for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid new microvascular network induction was critical for bone regeneration, which required the spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors and transplantation of endothelial cells. In this study, the linear poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-mPEG) block copolymer microspheres were prepared for simultaneously delivering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Then, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) with growth factor loaded microspheres were composited into a star-shaped PLGA-mPEG block copolymer solution. After this, composite hydrogel (microspheres ratio: 5 wt%) was formed by increasing the temperature to 37 °C. The release profiles of VEGF and MCP-1 from composite hydrogels in 30 days were investigated to confirm the different simultaneous delivery systems. The VECs exhibited a good proliferation in the composite hydrogels, which proved that the composite hydrogels had a good cytocompatibility. Furthermore, in vivo animal experiments showed that the vessel density and the mean vessel diameters increased over weeks after the composite hydrogels were implanted into the necrosis site of the rabbit femoral head. The above results suggested that the VECs-laden hydrogel composited with the dual-growth factor simultaneous release system has the potential to enhance angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering.
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Parameswaran-Thankam A, Al-Anbaky Q, Al-Karakooly Z, RanguMagar AB, Chhetri BP, Ali N, Ghosh A. Fabrication and characterization of hydroxypropyl guar-poly (vinyl alcohol)-nano hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:2083-2105. [PMID: 29962278 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1494437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible bone implants composed of natural materials are highly desirable in orthopedic reconstruction procedures. In this study, novel and ecofriendly bionanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized using a blend of hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) under freeze-thaw and mild reaction conditions. The hydrogel materials were characterized using various techniques. TGA studies indicate that both composites, HPG/PVA and HPG/PVA/n-HA, have higher thermal stability compared to HPG alone whereas HPG/PVA/n-HA shows higher stability compared to PVA alone. The HPG/PVA hydrogel shows porous morphology as revealed by the SEM, which is suitable for bone tissue regeneration. Additionally, the hydrogels were found to be transparent and flexible in nature. In vitro biomineralization study performed in simulated body fluid shows HPG/PVA/n-HA has an apatite like structure. The hydrogel materials were employed as extracellular matrices for biocompatibility studies. In vitro cell viability studies using mouse osteoblast MC3T3 cells were performed by MTT, Trypan blue exclusion, and ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining methods. The cell viability studies reveal that composite materials support cell growth and do not show any signs of cytotoxicity compared to pristine PVA. Osteoblastic activity was confirmed by an increased alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in MC3T3 bone cells grown on composite hydrogel matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Parameswaran-Thankam
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Qudes Al-Anbaky
- b Department of Biology , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Zeiyad Al-Karakooly
- b Department of Biology , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Ambar B RanguMagar
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Bijay P Chhetri
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Nawab Ali
- b Department of Biology , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , 2801 South University Avenue , Little Rock , AR , USA
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Nanogel tectonic porous 3D scaffold for direct reprogramming fibroblasts into osteoblasts and bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15824. [PMID: 30361649 PMCID: PMC6202359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of engineered three-dimensional (3D) bone tissue may provide therapeutic benefits to patients with various bone diseases. To achieve this goal, appropriate 3D scaffolds and cells are required. In the present study, we devised a novel nanogel tectonic material for artificial 3D scaffold, namely the nanogel-cross-linked porous (NanoCliP)-freeze-dried (FD) gel, and estimated its potential as a 3D scaffold for bone tissue engineering. As the osteoblasts, directly converted osteoblasts (dOBs) were used, because a large number of highly functional osteoblasts could be induced from fibroblasts that can be collected from patients with a minimally invasive procedure. The NanoCliP-FD gel was highly porous, and fibronectin coating of the gel allowed efficient adhesion of the dOBs, so that the cells occupied the almost entire surface of the walls of the pores after culturing for 7 days. The dOBs massively produced calcified bone matrix, and the culture could be continued for at least 28 days. The NanoCliP-FD gel with dOBs remarkably promoted bone regeneration in vivo after having been grafted to bone defect lesions that were artificially created in mice. The present findings suggest that the combination of the NanoCliP-FD gel and dOBs may provide a feasible therapeutic modality for bone diseases.
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Rödel M, Teßmar J, Groll J, Gbureck U. Highly flexible and degradable dual setting systems based on PEG-hydrogels and brushite cement. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:182-201. [PMID: 30149213 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With respect to the composition of natural bone, we established a degradable dual setting system of different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels combined with a brushite cement. The idea was to reinforce the inorganic calcium phosphate mineral phase with an organic, polymeric phase to alter the cement's properties towards ductility and elasticity. Extremely flexible samples were produced via this dual setting approach with a fully reversible elasticity of the samples containing high molecular weight PEG-based hydrogel precursors. Using the decalcifying agent EDTA, the whole inorganic phase was dissolved due to Ca2+-complexation and dimensionally stable hydrogels were obtained, indicating a homogenous polymeric phase within the composites. This was also confirmed by SEM-analysis, where no discontinuities or agglomerations of the phase were observed. Additional XRD-measurements proved a significant influence of the coherent polymeric matrix on the conversion from β-TCP/MCPA to brushite with a decrease in signal intensity. The results confirmed a parallelly running process of setting reaction and gelation without an inhibition of the conversion to brushite and the formation of interpenetrating networks of hydrogel and cement. The strengths of this newly developed dual setting system are based on the material degradability as well as flexibility, which can be a promising tool for bone regeneration applications in non-load bearing craniomaxillofacial defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Brushite based calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are known as bone replacement materials, which degrade in vivo and are replaced by native bone. However, the pure inorganic material shows a brittle fracture behavior. Here, the addition of a polymeric phase can influence the mechanical properties to create more ductile and flexible materials. This polymeric phase should ideally form during cement setting by a polymerization reaction to achieve high polymer loads without altering cement viscosity and it should be degradable in vivo similar to the cement itself. Therefore, we developed a dual setting system based on simultaneous cement setting of brushite and lactide modified poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-PLLA-DMA)-based hydrogel. It was evident that the gels form a continuous phase within the cement after radical polymerization with a strong reduction of cement brittleness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Rödel
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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67
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Liao HT, Tsai MJ, Brahmayya M, Chen JP. Bone Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Injectable Thermo-Gelling Hydrogel Scaffold Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2537. [PMID: 30150580 PMCID: PMC6164853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For bone regeneration, a biocompatible thermo-gelling hydrogel, hyaluronic acid-g-chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HA-CPN) was used as a three-dimensional organic gel matrix for entrapping rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs). Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic microparticles were embedded within the gel matrix as a mineralized bone matrix, which was further fortified with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with osteo-inductive properties. In vitro culture of rASCs in HA-CPN and HA-CPN/PRP/BCP was compared for cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Overall, HA-CPN/PRP/BCP was a better injectable cell carrier for osteogenesis of rASCs with increased cell proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity, enhanced calcium deposition and mineralization of extracellular matrix, and up-regulated expression of genetic markers of osteogenesis. By implanting HA-CPN/PRP/BCP/rASCs constructs in rabbit critical size calvarial bone defects, new bone formation at the defect site was successfully demonstrated from computed tomography, and histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Taken together, by combining PRP and BCP as the osteo-inductive and osteo-conductive factor with HA-CPN, we successfully demonstrated the thermo-gelling composite hydrogel scaffold could promote the osteogenesis of rASCs for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tsung Liao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jin Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Manuri Brahmayya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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Saravanan S, Vimalraj S, Anuradha D. Chitosan based thermoresponsive hydrogel containing graphene oxide for bone tissue repair. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:908-917. [PMID: 30257403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), glycerophosphate (GP) based injectable hydrogels are explored for its implications in bone defect healing and regeneration. Both acellular and cell laden CS based hydrogels are widely investigated and improved through the inclusion of various nanoparticles, polymers and bioactive molecules. In order to improve its applicability for bone tissue repair, we developed an injectable, thermosensitive CS hydrogel containing graphene oxide (GO) and investigated its properties. The hydrogels were investigated for its porous architecture using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling property, protein adsorption ability, degradation rate and exogenous biomineralization. GO addition improved the physico-chemical properties with notable betterment. The CS/GP/GO hydrogel was biocompatible to mesenchymal stem cells and they were metabolically active upon encapsulation. The hydrogel promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells by upregualtion of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Type -1 collagen (COL-1), and osteocalcin (OC) under osteogenic conditions. The hydrogel proves to be an amenable platform for carrying cells and exhibited suitable properties to be a potential candidate for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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PEÑA FERNÁNDEZ M, BARBER A, BLUNN G, TOZZI G. Optimization of digital volume correlation computation in SR-microCT images of trabecular bone and bone-biomaterial systems. J Microsc 2018; 272:213-228. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A.H. BARBER
- School of Engineering; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth U.K
- School of Engineering; London South Bank University; U.K
| | - G.W. BLUNN
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth U.K
| | - G. TOZZI
- School of Engineering; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth U.K
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Shalumon KT, Kuo CY, Wong CB, Chien YM, Chen HA, Chen JP. Gelatin/Nanohyroxyapatite Cryogel Embedded Poly(lactic- co-glycolic Acid)/Nanohydroxyapatite Microsphere Hybrid Scaffolds for Simultaneous Bone Regeneration and Load-Bearing. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E620. [PMID: 30966654 PMCID: PMC6403993 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is desirable to combine load-bearing and bone regeneration capabilities in a single bone tissue engineering scaffold. For this purpose, we developed a high strength hybrid scaffold using a sintered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) microsphere cavity fitted with gelatin/nHAP cryogel disks in the center. Osteo-conductive/osteo-inductive nHAP was incorporated in 250⁻500 μm PLGA microspheres at 40% (w/w) as the base matrix for the high strength cavity-shaped microsphere scaffold, while 20% (w/w) nHAP was incorporated into gelatin cryogels as an embedded core for bone regeneration purposes. The physico-chemical properties of the microsphere, cryogel, and hybrid scaffolds were characterized in detail. The ultimate stress and Young's modulus of the hybrid scaffold showed 25- and 21-fold increases from the cryogel scaffold. In vitro studies using rabbit bone marrow-derived stem cells (rBMSCs) in cryogel and hybrid scaffolds through DNA content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition by SEM/EDS, showed the prominence of both scaffolds in cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in a normal medium. Calcium contents analysis, immunofluorescent staining of collagen I (COL I), and osteocalcin (OCN) and relative mRNA expression of COL I, OCN and osteopontin (OPN) confirmed in vitro differentiation of rBMSCs in the hybrid scaffold toward the bone lineage. From compression testing, the cell/hybrid scaffold construct showed a 1.93 times increase of Young's modulus from day 14 to day 28, due to mineral deposition. The relative mRNA expression of osteogenic marker genes COL I, OCN, and OPN showed 5.5, 18.7, and 7.2 folds increase from day 14 to day 28, respectively, confirming bone regeneration. From animal studies, the rBMSCs-seeded hybrid constructs could repair mid-diaphyseal tibia defects in rabbits, as evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histological analyses. The hybrid scaffold will be useful for bone regeneration in load-bearing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Shalumon
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chak-Bor Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Miao Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Huai-An Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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Vashisth P, Bellare JR. Development of hybrid scaffold with biomimetic 3D architecture for bone regeneration. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1325-1336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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72
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Injectable Nanocurcumin-Formulated Chitosan-g-Pluronic Hydrogel Exhibiting a Great Potential for Burn Treatment. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:5754890. [PMID: 29861882 PMCID: PMC5971277 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5754890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Burn wound healing is a complex multifactorial process that relies on coordinated signaling molecules to succeed. Curcumin is believed to be a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent; therefore, it can prevent the prolonged presence of oxygen free radicals which is a significant factor causing inhabitation of optimum healing process. This study describes an extension of study about the biofunctional nanocomposite hydrogel platform that was prepared by using curcumin and an amphiphilic chitosan-g-pluronic copolymer specialized in burn wound healing application. This formular (nCur-CP, nanocomposite hydrogel) was a free-flowing sol at ambient temperature and instantly converted into a nonflowing gel at body temperature. In addition, the storage study determined the great stability level of nCur-CP in long time using UV-Vis and DLS. Morphology and distribution of nCur in its nanocomposite hydrogels were observed by SEM and TEM, respectively. In vitro studies suggested that nCur-CP exhibited well fibroblast proliferation and ability in antimicrobacteria. Furthermore, second- and third-degree burn wound models were employed to evaluate the in vivo wound healing activity of the nCur-CP. In the second-degree wound model, the nanocomposite hydrogel group showed a higher regenerated collagen density and thicker epidermis layer formation. In third degree, the nCur-CP group also exhibited enhancement of wound closure. Besides, in both models, the nanocomposite material-treated groups showed higher collagen content, better granulation, and higher wound maturity. Histopathologic examination also implied that the nanocomposite hydrogel based on nanocurcumin and chitosan could enhance burn wound repair. In conclusion, the biocompatible and injectable nanocomposite scaffold might have great potential to apply for wound healing.
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73
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Liu R, Lin Y, Lin J, Zhang L, Mao X, Huang B, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Chen Z. Blood Prefabrication Subcutaneous Small Animal Model for the Evaluation of Bone Substitute Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2516-2527. [PMID: 33435115 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runheng Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jinying Lin
- Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Baoxin Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and the Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
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74
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Shakir M, Zia I, Rehman A, Ullah R. Fabrication and characterization of nanoengineered biocompatible n-HA/chitosan-tamarind seed polysaccharide: Bio-inspired nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:903-916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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75
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Silver Nanowires: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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76
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Thorpe AA, Freeman C, Farthing P, Callaghan J, Hatton PV, Brook IM, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. In vivo safety and efficacy testing of a thermally triggered injectable hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration and augmentation in a rat model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18277-18295. [PMID: 29719605 PMCID: PMC5915072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss resulting from degenerative diseases and trauma is a significant clinical burden which is likely to grow exponentially with the aging population. In a number of conditions where pre-formed materials are clinically inappropriate an injectable bone forming hydrogel could be beneficial. The development of an injectable hydrogel to stimulate bone repair and regeneration would have broad clinical impact and economic benefit in a variety of orthopedic clinical applications. We have previously reported the development of a Laponite® crosslinked pNIPAM-co-DMAc (L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc) hydrogel delivery system, loaded with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPna), which was capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without the need for additional growth factors in vitro. However to enable progression towards clinical acceptability, biocompatibility and efficacy of the L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc hydrogel to induce bone repair in vivo must be determined. Biocompatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation for 6 weeks in rats, and efficacy to augment bone repair was evaluated within a rat femur defect model for 4 weeks. No inflammatory reactions, organ toxicity or systemic toxicity were observed. In young male rats where hydrogel was injected, defect healing was less effective than sham operated controls when rat MSCs were incorporated. Enhanced bone healing was observed however, in aged exbreeder female rats where acellular hydrogel was injected, with increased deposition of collagen type I and Runx2. Integration of the hydrogel with surrounding bone was observed without the need for delivered MSCs; native cell infiltration was also seen and bone formation was observed within all hydrogel systems investigated. This hydrogel can be delivered directly into the target site, is biocompatible, promotes increased bone formation and facilitates migration of cells to promote integration with surrounding bone, for safe and efficacious bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey A Thorpe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
| | | | - Paula Farthing
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Jill Callaghan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Ian M Brook
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Chris Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
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Hughes EAB, Cox SC, Cooke ME, Davies OG, Williams RL, Hall TJ, Grover LM. Interfacial Mineral Fusion and Tubule Entanglement as a Means to Harden a Bone Augmentation Material. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701166. [PMID: 29325202 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new bone augmenting material is reported, which is formed from calcium-loaded hydrogel-based spheres. On immersion of these spheres in a physiological medium, they become surrounded with a sheath of precipitate, which ruptures due to a build-up in osmotic pressure. This results in the formation of mineral tubes that protrude from the sphere surface. When brought into close contact with one another, these spheres become fused through the entanglement and subsequent interstitial mineralization of the mineral tubules. The tubular calcium phosphate induces the expression of osteogenic genes (runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), transcription factor SP7 (SP7), collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP)) and promotes the formation of mineral nodules in preosteoblast cultures comparable to an apatitic calcium phosphate phase. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is significantly upregulated in the presence of tubular materials after 10 d in culture compared with control groups (p < 0.001) and sintered apatite (p < 0.05). This is the first report of a bioceramic material that is formed in its entirety in situ and is therefore likely to provide a better proxy for biological mineral than other existing synthetic alternatives to bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. B. Hughes
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Sophie C. Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Megan E. Cooke
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing; MRC Musculoskeletal Ageing Centre; QE Hospital; B15 2TT UK
| | - Owen G. Davies
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; Loughborough University; Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Richard L. Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Thomas J. Hall
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Liam M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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De Mori A, Peña Fernández M, Blunn G, Tozzi G, Roldo M. 3D Printing and Electrospinning of Composite Hydrogels for Cartilage and Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E285. [PMID: 30966320 PMCID: PMC6414880 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries of bone and cartilage constitute important health issues costing the National Health Service billions of pounds annually, in the UK only. Moreover, these damages can become cause of disability and loss of function for the patients with associated social costs and diminished quality of life. The biomechanical properties of these two tissues are massively different from each other and they are not uniform within the same tissue due to the specific anatomic location and function. In this perspective, tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising approach to address the complexities associated with bone and cartilage regeneration. Tissue engineering aims at developing temporary three-dimensional multicomponent constructs to promote the natural healing process. Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, are currently extensively studied for their ability to reproduce both the ideal 3D extracellular environment for tissue growth and to have adequate mechanical properties for load bearing. This review will focus on the use of two manufacturing techniques, namely electrospinning and 3D printing, that present promise in the fabrication of complex composite gels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Mori
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Marta Peña Fernández
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK.
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
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Maisani M, Ziane S, Ehret C, Levesque L, Siadous R, Le Meins J, Chevallier P, Barthélémy P, De Oliveira H, Amédée J, Mantovani D, Chassande O. A new composite hydrogel combining the biological properties of collagen with the mechanical properties of a supramolecular scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1489-e1500. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maisani
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | - Sophia Ziane
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Camille Ehret
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Lucie Levesque
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | - Robin Siadous
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Jean‐François Le Meins
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques LCPO (UMR5629)‐Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux Talence France
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | | | - Hugo De Oliveira
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
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80
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Prolonged delivery of BMP-2 by a non-polymer hydrogel for bone defect regeneration. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:178-190. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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81
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Ritz U, Gerke R, Götz H, Stein S, Rommens PM. A New Bone Substitute Developed from 3D-Prints of Polylactide (PLA) Loaded with Collagen I: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2569. [PMID: 29186036 PMCID: PMC5751172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a lot of research has been performed, large segmental bone defects caused by trauma, infection, bone tumors or revision surgeries still represent big challenges for trauma surgeons. New and innovative bone substitutes are needed. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a novel procedure to create 3D porous scaffolds that can be used for bone tissue engineering. In the present study, solid discs as well as porous cage-like 3D prints made of polylactide (PLA) are coated or filled with collagen, respectively, and tested for biocompatibility and endotoxin contamination. Microscopic analyses as well as proliferation assays were performed using various cell types on PLA discs. Stromal-derived factor (SDF-1) release from cages filled with collagen was analyzed and the effect on endothelial cells tested. This study confirms the biocompatibility of PLA and demonstrates an endotoxin contamination clearly below the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) limit. Cells of various cell types (osteoblasts, osteoblast-like cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells) grow, spread and proliferate on PLA-printed discs. PLA cages loaded with SDF-1 collagen display a steady SDF-1 release, support cell growth of endothelial cells and induce neo-vessel formation. These results demonstrate the potential for PLA scaffolds printed with an inexpensive desktop printer in medical applications, for example, in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, BiomaTiCS, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Rebekka Gerke
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, BiomaTiCS, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hermann Götz
- Platform for Biomaterial Research, University Medical Center, BiomaTiCS, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Stein
- Georg-Speyer-Haus-Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60659 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, BiomaTiCS, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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82
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Monum T, Jaikang C, Sinthubua A, Prasitwattanaseree S, Mahakkanukrauh P. Age estimation using aspartic amino acid racemization from a femur. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2017.1391330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tawachai Monum
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Churdsak Jaikang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apichat Sinthubua
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sukon Prasitwattanaseree
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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84
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Parwani R, Curto M, Kao AP, Rowley PJ, Pani M, Tozzi G, Barber AH. Morphological and Mechanical Biomimetic Bone Structures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2761-2767. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Parwani
- School
of Engineering, Anglesea
Building, Anglesea Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - M. Curto
- School
of Engineering, Anglesea
Building, Anglesea Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Kao
- School
of Engineering, Anglesea
Building, Anglesea Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - P. J. Rowley
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Pani
- School
of Engineering, Anglesea
Building, Anglesea Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - G. Tozzi
- School
of Engineering, Anglesea
Building, Anglesea Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - A. H. Barber
- School
of Engineering, Anglesea
Building, Anglesea Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
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85
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Wu W, Lin Z, Liu Y, Xu X, Ding C, Li J. Thermoresponsive hydrogels based on a phosphorylated star-shaped copolymer: mimicking the extracellular matrix for in situ bone repair. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:428-434. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired hydrogel prepared using a star-polymer exhibits sol to gel transition to induce in situ biomineralization and facilitate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zaifu Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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86
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Maisani M, Pezzoli D, Chassande O, Mantovani D. Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment? J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417712073. [PMID: 28634532 PMCID: PMC5467968 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417712073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising alternative to autografts or allografts for the regeneration of large bone defects. Cell-free biomaterials with different degrees of sophistication can be used for several therapeutic indications, to stimulate bone repair by the host tissue. However, when osteoprogenitors are not available in the damaged tissue, exogenous cells with an osteoblast differentiation potential must be provided. These cells should have the capacity to colonize the defect and to participate in the building of new bone tissue. To achieve this goal, cells must survive, remain in the defect site, eventually proliferate, and differentiate into mature osteoblasts. A critical issue for these engrafted cells is to be fed by oxygen and nutrients: the transient absence of a vascular network upon implantation is a major challenge for cells to survive in the site of implantation, and different strategies can be followed to promote cell survival under poor oxygen and nutrient supply and to promote rapid vascularization of the defect area. These strategies involve the use of scaffolds designed to create the appropriate micro-environment for cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Hydrogels are an eclectic class of materials that can be easily cellularized and provide effective, minimally invasive approaches to fill bone defects and favor bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, by playing on their composition and processing, it is possible to obtain biocompatible systems with adequate chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. However, only a good combination of scaffold and cells, possibly with the aid of incorporated growth factors, can lead to successful results in bone regeneration. This review presents the strategies used to design cellularized hydrogel-based systems for bone regeneration, identifying the key parameters of the many different micro-environments created within hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maisani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniele Pezzoli
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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